Attachments_A_through_D.pdf

EXHIBIT A

Program of Instruction - Course Summary Page

Academic Time:

Module: A / 001

Title: In-Processing/Out-Processing 11.0

Module: B / 001

Title: Mathematics (MTH) 74.0

Module: C / 001

Title: Applied Physical Concepts (APC) 98.0

Module: D / 001

Title: Mechanical Systems Engineering (MSE) 129.0

Module: E / 001

Title: Electrical Systems Engineering (ESE) 174.0

Module: F / 001

Title: Orientation to Operator Training 16.0

Module: G / 001

Title: Occupational Safety and Health (SA) 16.0

Module: H / 001

Title: Prints and Drawings (PD) 30.0

Module: I / 001

Title: Prime Mover Systems and Maintenance (PM) 40.0

Module: J / 001

Title: Power Equipment and Protection (EP) 73.0

Module: K / 001

Title: Power Systems Operations (PS) 22.0

Module: L / 001

Title: Model 4.5 TBL Power Plant (EM) 100.0

Module: M / 001

Title: Models MEP-012A and MEP-208A Generator Sets (FE) 149.2

Module: N / 001

Title: Deployable Power Generation and Distribution Systems (DG)

Total:

77.0

1,009.2

Module: A / 001

Title: In-Processing/Out-Processing

Purpose: To provide the enlisted student with Knowledge in academic subjects that are necessary to master the subject matter for further instruction required for qualification in Military Occupational Specialist (MOS) 21P; Additional Skill Identifiers (ASI) ASI-E5, ASI-S2, ASI-s3 and ASI-U4; and Navy Enlisted Classification (NEC) 5633.

Remarks:

Technique(s) of Delivery: Hours

Large Group Instruction (GP) 172.0

Total Hours (Admin & Academic) 172.0

Lesson Id / Version Technique of Delivery Hours Method of Instruction 21PAA01 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction

Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

0.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 1.0

Security Clearance: Unclassified

Lesson Title: In-Processing

Action Text: NONE

Remarks: Discussion of the objectives, goals, grade unit distribution for homework, quizzes, laboratories, and examinations for the Academic Training Phase. General safety administrative requirements and Standard Operating Procedures.

21PAA02 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction

Introduction: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

10.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 10.0

Security Clearance: Unclassified

Lesson Title: Supervised Study/ Administrative Time

Action Text: NONE

Remarks: Focused individual student assistance on concepts learned in lectures, homework assignments, and practical exercises. Assimilation of all pertinent concepts through detailed review and analysis of the assignments and their solutions. Reinforcement of concepts taught in lectures through one-on-one discussions between instructor and student:Physical Training To be conducted Monday, Wednesday, and Friday:Commandants Time: 2 Hours per week:

21PAA03 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 0.0

Security Clearance: Unclassified

Lesson Title: Outprocess

Action Text: NONE

Remarks: Maintenance and turn-in of books, calculators, and classroom supplies used during Academic Training Phase. Maintenance of academic training facilities.

Module: B / 001

Title: Mathematics (MTH)

Purpose: To provide the student with the knowledge of the basic principles of mathematics necessary to understand and solve technical problems.

Large Group Instruction (GP) 74.0

Total Hours (Admin & Academic) 74.0

21PAB01 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 4.0

Lesson Title: Basic Algebraic Concepts & PE

Action Text: Solve for unknown values using the fundamental operations of algebra, operations with zero, number lines, approximate numbers and significant digits.

Remarks: Use of fundamental operations of algebra; significant digits and precision of numbers; use of calculators and approximate numbers. Operations using fractions.Practical exercise using fundamental operations of algebra; significant digits and precision of numbers; use of calculators and approximate numbers and operations using fractions

21PAB02 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Exponents (Powers and Roots) & PE

Action Text: Solve algebraic expressions that contains exponents and/or roots.

Remarks: Fundamental laws of exponents, fractional and negative exponents, radicals, and scientific notation. Homework.Practical exercise in multiplying, dividing, raising exponential values to powers; simplifying fractional exponents; raising fractions to powers; and using scientific notation

21PAB03 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Measuring Systems and Dimensional Analysis & PE

Action Text: Calculate the fundamental and derived quantities of different systems of measurement. (, state the fundamental quantities and their respective units, identify vector and scalar quantities, and dimensionally analyze math statements to their fundamental quantities for correctness.)

Remarks: Discussion of the basic units of the System International (SI), US Customary, and the

Engineering Gravitational (EG) measuring systems. Introduces conversion and reduction and the significant differences between the systems. Uses dimensional analysis to validate equations. Homework.Practical exercise in defining units and measurements of SI, US Customary and EG measuring systems; applying dimensional analysis to check physical equations; and perform conversions and reductions. Quiz.

21PAB04 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

1.0 (TE) Test

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 6.0

Lesson Title: Literal and Quadratic Equations & PE & Quiz

Action Text: Solve literal equations with multiple variables and quadratic equations using factoring, completing the square and the quadratic formula.

Remarks: Introduction to solving equations that involves more than one variable represented by letters of the alphabet. Introduction to solving for solutions of quadratic equations. Homework.Practical exercise in solving literal equations where the constants are unknown and represented by letters of the alphabet.

21PAB05 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

0.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 3.0

Lesson Title: Word Problems & PE

Action Text: Translate simple word problems into equations that can be solved for unknown values.

Remarks: Developing techniques using algebraic qualities to solve stated word problems.

Homework.Practical exercise in solving stated problems using algebraic equations and problem solving techniques. Quiz.

21PAB06 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Graphing & PE

Action Text: Intrepret graphical and tabulated data.

Remarks: Introduction to basic principles of graphing. To include types of graphs, construction graphs, and plotting of linear and nonlinear equations. Homework.Practical exercise in construction and reading graphs; plotting the independent and dependant variables; identifying the curve as linear or nonlinear; determining the correct scale; and using a data table to develop a graph

21PAB07 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 2.0

Lesson Title: Graphing, Practical Exercise (Graded)

Action Text: Intrepret graphical and tabulated data.

Remarks: Graded practical exercise covering lessons 21PAB05-06

21PAB08 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Solving Systems of Equations & PE

Action Text: Solve linear equations with two or three unknown variables algebraically or using determinants.

Remarks: Discussion of solving systems of equations with two or three unknowns algebraically or with determinants. Homework

21PAB09 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (SA) Study Assignment Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Review/Examination I/Critique

Action Text:

Remarks: Review of objectives covered in 21PAB01 thru 21PAB08Examination of all objectives covered during 21PAB01 thru 21PAB08.Critique of the examination given at 21PAB09

21PAB10 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction

Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Ratio, Proportion, and Variation

Action Text: Calculate unknown quantities using proportion, ratio and variation.

Remarks: Discussion of ratio, proportion, and variation. Use of ratios, proportions and variations to analyze and solve problems. Introduction to direct, inverse, and joint variations. Homework.

21PAB11 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Geometry & PE

Action Text: Solve various plane and solid figures using the Pythagorean Theorem, planar and volumetric models.

Remarks: Introduction to plane and solid geometry. Measurement of angles, perimeter, area, and volumes. Uses the Pythagorean Theorem to solve right triangles; Introduces the unit circle and its measurement using radians. Introduces special triangles and angle relationships.

Homework.Practical exercise in identifying and measuring angles. Uses Pythagorean Theorem to solve right triangles. Calculate perimeters and areas of plane irregular figures and volumes of solids; Perform radian/degree conversions.

21PAB12 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

1.0 (TE) Test

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Trigonometry & PE & Quiz

Action Text: Solve right triangles with use of trigonometric functions and the Pythagorean Theorem.

Remarks: Introduction to trigonometry. Uses trig functions to solve geometry problems, Introduces laws-of Sine and cosines. Homework.Practical exercise in solving geometry problems using trig function; using a calculator to determine trig functions; solving non-right triangles. Quiz.

21PAB13 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Imaginary and Complex Numbers & PE

Action Text: Perform basic mathematical operations on imaginary and complex numbers.

Remarks: Introduction to imaginary and complex numbers; perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and graphing of imaginary and complex numbers. Homework.Practical exercise in the multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction of complex numbers; factoring of complex numbers; and the use of imaginary numbers

21PAB14 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Logarithms & PE

Action Text: Solve exponential and logarithmic expressions using logarithmic properties.

Remarks: Introduction to the laws of logarithms; common and natural logarithms; logarithmic and exponential equations and how they are used in problem solving. Homework.Practical exercise using common and natural logarithms to set up equations and solve

21PAB15 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

21PAB15 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Coordinate Conversion & PE

Action Text: Convert between polar and rectangular coordinates.

Remarks: Introduction to the polar/rectangular coordinate systems; conversions between the two systems and the addition and subtraction of vectors. Homework.Practical exercise in using the polar and rectangular coordinate system to develop equations and perform conversions between the two systems; addition and subtraction of vectors; and the use of the calculator in performing these operations.

21PAB16 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (TE) Test

4.0 (TR) Test Review Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Review/Examination II/Critique

Remarks: Review of objectives covered in 21PAB01 thru 21PAB15Examination of all objectives covered during 21PAB01 thru 21PAB15.Critique of the examination given at 21PAB16. Student critique of the Mathematics (MTH) Subcourse

21PAB17 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

7.0 (RS) Research / Study Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 7.0

Lesson Title: Mathematics Skills Enhancement

Action Text: N/A

Remarks: Supervised study and reinforcement of the Mathematics Subcourse skills and knowledge.

Module: C / 001

Title: Applied Physical Concepts (APC)

Purpose: To provide the student with skills and knowledge of the basic principles of Applied Physical concepts necessary to solve technical problems related to Mechanical Systems Engineering, Electrical Systems Engineering, and the detailed study of Power plant Technology and Operations.

Large Group Instruction (GP) 98.0

Total Hours (Admin & Academic) 98.0

21PAC01 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction

Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

0.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 1.0

Security Clearance: Unclassified

Lesson Title: Introduction to Physics

Action Text:

Remarks: Introduction to Applied Physical Concepts Subcourse; objectives, requirements, and standards.

21PAC02 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.9 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Vectors & PE

Action Text: Calculate vector quantities using graphical and analytical techniques.

Remarks: Introduction to vectors; physical qualities represented by vectors; definition of scalar and vector quantities; vector components; graphical and analytical addition and subtraction of vector quantities. Homework.Practical exercise in using vectors to solve physics problems;

vector components; addition and subtraction of vectors; force and its vector representation.

21PAC03 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

0.8 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 1.0

Lesson Title: Vectors Graded Practical Exercise

Action Text: Calculate vector quantities using graphical and analytical techniques.

Remarks: Graded practical exercise covering lessons 21PAC01-02.

21PAC04 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Kinematics in One and Two Dimensions & PE

Action Text: Calculate acceleration, velocity, relative velocity, displacement and time for objects moving in a straight line in one dimension and for objects moving in two dimensions using the equations of kinematics for constant acceleration.

Remarks: Introduction to the concepts of constant accelerated motion, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, equations of kinematics for constant acceleration, free falling bodies, projectile motion, and relative velocity. Homework.Practical exercise in solving problems using displacement, speed, velocity, constant accelerated motion, equations of kinematics for constant acceleration, and free falling bodies

21PAC05 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Kinematics in One and Two Dimensions Practical Exercise (Graded)

Action Text: Calculate acceleration, velocity, relative velocity, displacement and time for objects moving in a straight line in one dimension and for objects moving in two dimensions using the equations of kinematics for constant acceleration.

Remarks: Graded practical exercise covering lessons 21PAC03-04

21PAC06 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Forces and Newton's Laws & PE

Action Text: Calculate the net force on objects and the objects acceleration using Newton's Laws of motion in conjunction with a free body diagram.

Remarks: Introduction to the concepts of force and mass; Newton's first, second and third laws of motion;

free body diagrams; the gravitational force, the normal force, frictional forces, and the tension force. Homework.Practical exercise in using Newton's laws of motion; developing free body (vector) diagrams to represent the forces that act on an object.

21PAC07 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Forces and Newton's Law Practical Exercise (Graded)

Remarks: Graded practical exercise covering lessons 21PAC05-06.

21PAC08 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

2.0 (TE) Test

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 9.0

Lesson Title: Applications of Newton's Laws & PE & Quiz

Action Text: Solve word problems using Newton's laws of motion for objects in equilibrium and non-equilibrium.

Remarks: The significance of Newton's laws of motion; equilibrium applications of Newton's laws of motion; non-equilibrium applications of Newton's laws of motion, and apparent weight.

Homework.Practical exercise using Newton's laws of motion; solving equilibrium problems with free body (vector) diagrams on single body and systems of bodies. Quiz.

21PAC09 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion & PE

Action Text: Calculate the speed, acceleration, period of motion and force necessary to keep an object traveling in a circle at constant speed.

Remarks: Introduction to uniform circular motion; centripetal acceleration, centripetal force, banked curves, and vertical circular motion. HomeworkPractical exercise in solving problems with uniform circular motion; centripetal force, centripetal acceleration, banked curves, and vertical circular motion.

21PAC10 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Lesson Title: Work, Energy and Power & PE

Action Text: Calculate the work done by constant forces, the kinetic energy of a moving object, the gravitational potential energy of an object, and the power developed by a force doing work.

Remarks: Introduction to work, kinetic energy, potential energy, total mechanical energy, principle of conservation of mechanical energy and power. Homework.Practical exercise in solving problems with kinetic energy, potential energy, total mechanical energy, principle of conservation of mechanical energy and power.

21PAC11 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

2.0 (TE) Test

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 8.0

Lesson Title: Impulse and Momentum & PE & Quiz

Action Text: Solve simple collision problems using the concepts of conservation of linear momentum, elastic and inelastic collisions, and impulse-momentum theorem.

Remarks: Introduction to impulse, momentum, impulse and momentum theorem, principle of conservation of linear momentum, and elastic and inelastic collisions. Homework.Practical exercise in solving problems using impulse, momentum, elastic and inelastic collisions. Quiz.

21PAC12 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Rational Kinematics & PE

Action Text: Solve rotational kinematics problems using angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration and the kinematic equations of rotation.

Remarks: Introduction to angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration, equations of rotational kinematics, angular and tangential variables, centripetal and tangential acceleration and rolling motion. Homework.Practical exercise in solving problems with angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration, equations of rotational kinematics, angular and tangential variables and rolling motion.

21PAC13 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Rotational Dynamics & PE

Action Text: Solve rigid body in equilibrium problems using torque, center of gravity, rotational work and energy, Newton’s second law for rotational motion, and conservation of angular momentum.

Remarks: Introduction to torque; rigid objects in equilibrium; center of gravity; Newton's second law for rotational motion; rotational work and energy; and angular momentum. Homework.Practical exercise in solving problems with torque; rigid objects in equilibrium; rotational work and energy; center of gravity; angular momentum, and Newton's second law of rotational motion.

21PAC14 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.0 (TE) Test

2.0 (TR) Test Review Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 5.0

Security Clearance: Unclassified

Lesson Title: Review/Exam I/Critique

Action Text:

Remarks: Review of the objectives covered during 21PAC01 thru 21PAC13.Examination of objectives covered during 21PAC01 thru 21PAC13Critique of examination given in 21PAC14

21PAC15 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction

Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Elasticity

Action Text: Calculate the elastic properties of materials and the kinds of effects materials can experience when subjected to external forces.

Remarks: Introduction to elastic deformation, stress, strain, and Hooke's law. Homework.

21PAC16 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Harmonic Motion & Harmonic Motion and Elasticity PE

Action Text: Calculate the parameters of simple harmonic motion and its contribution to total energy.

Remarks: Introduction to simple harmonic motion and the spring, simple harmonic motion and the reference circle, energy and simple harmonic motion, the pendulum, damped harmonic motion, driven harmonic motion and resonance.Homework Practical exercise in solving problems of elastic deformation, stress, strain, simple harmonic motion, the use of Hooke's Law, simple harmonic motion and the spring, simple harmonic motion and the reference circle, damped harmonic motion, driven harmonic motion, and resonance in harmonic motion.

21PAC17 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

2.0 (TE) Test

Lesson Title: Wave Motion and Sound & PE & Quiz

Action Text: Calculate frequency, speed, wavelength, period, and amplitude of a periodic wave.

Remarks: Introduction to wave motion; types of waves, calculating wave speed, amplitude, length, period and frequency. Introduction to sound waves, frequency, wavelength, pressure amplitude and intensity. Homework.Practical exercise in calculating wave speed, amplitude, length, period and frequency. Calculating sound waves frequency and intensity. Quiz.

21PAC18 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Simple Machines & PE

Action Text: Calculate ideal mechanical advantage, actual mechanical advantage and efficiency of simple machines and use the principles of simple machines to solve problems involving simple machines.

Remarks: Introduction to simple machines and efficiency; ideal and actual mechanical advantage; lever principle, pulley, inclined plane, and their applications. Homework.Practical exercise in solving problems with simple machines and efficiency; actual and ideal mechanical advantage; the lever principle, the pulley, and the inclined plane

21PAC19 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Simple Machines Practical Exercise (Graded)

Remarks: Graded Practical Exercise to cover lessons 21PAC17/18.

21PAC20 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.0 (TE) Test

3.0 (TR) Test Review Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 6.0

Security Clearance: Unclassified

Lesson Title: Review/ Exam/Critique

Action Text:

Remarks: Review of objectives covered during 21PAC02 thru 21PAC19.Examination of objectives covered during 21PAC02 thru 21PAC19Critique of examination given at 21PAC20.Student critique of the Applied Physics Concepts Subcourse

21PAC21 / 1.1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

8.0 (RS) Research / Study Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 8.0

Security Clearance: Unclassified

Lesson Title: Skills Enhancement

Remarks: Supervised training and reinforcement of Applied Physics Concepts Subcourse skills.

Module: D / 001

Title: Mechanical Systems Engineering (MSE)

Purpose: To provide the student with a knowledge of Thermodynamics and Mechanical Systems principles as necessary to understand fluid transfer systems; combustion engine cycles;

heating/refrigeration, cycles and cooling systems; and to evaluate the applicability and efficiency of energy conversion systems.

Large Group Instruction (GP) 129.0

Total Hours (Admin & Academic) 129.0

21PAD01 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction

Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

0.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Introduction to Mechanical Systems Engineering

Remarks: Introduction to the Mechanical Systems Engineering Subcourse objectives, enabling objectives, and student requirements. Introduction to terminology used in mechanical systems engineering. Reviews academic requirements and standards.

21PAD02 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Fluid Statics & PE

Action Text: Solve simple fluid static problems using pressure, density, volume, Newton’s Laws and Pascal’s Principle.

Remarks: Introduction to fundamental fluid concepts and definitions including absolute and gage pressures. Demonstrates pressure calculations in various dimensions. Uses Newton's law's to develop a general fluid statics equation. Uses the Static fluids equation to solve basic static fluid problems. Introduces Pascal's principle as applied to hydraulic lift equipment and demonstrates its use in solving simple hydraulics problems. Review of specific gravity and density of a fluid. Homework.Practical exercises in solving fluid static problems using concepts developed during the lecture. Pressure at a depth in a fluid, density and specific gravity calculations including Pascal's principle for simple hydraulics problems.

21PAD03 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Fluid Dynamics & PE

Action Text: Solve problems using the Continuity Equation and the Bernoulli Equation.

Remarks: Introduction of the Continuity Equation and Bernoulli's Equation applied to fluids. Defines properties of moving fluids and an ideal fluid. Explains the role of kinetic and potential energy in fluid flow. Introduces flow work. Explains the relationship between fluid velocity, fluid pressure and cross-sectional area. Explains the effects of viscosity on fluid flow.

Homework.Computational practical exercise in the application of the continuity equation and Bernoulli's equation.

21PAD04 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.8 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Temperature and Thermal Expansion & PE

Action Text: Calculate linear and volume thermal expansions using the four temperature measurement scales for common liquids and solids.

Remarks: Introduction to Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin temperature measurement. Convert temperature readings between different temperature scales. Develop computational skills in solving problems involving thermal expansion. Introduction to thermometric property;

thermocouple and thermographs. Identification of temperature measuring devices.

Introduction to linear thermal expansion; thermal stress, volume thermal expansion; and the coefficient of volume expansion. Homework.Practical exercise in thermal expansion; change of phase; temperature changes; linear thermal expansion; thermal stress, volume thermal expansion; and the coefficient of volume expansion using formulas for conduction, radiation, convection, and thermal expansion; in area or volume.

21PAD05 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

2.0 (TE) Test

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Heat Energy and Phase Changes & PE & (Quiz)

Action Text: Solve heat transfer problems using conservation of energy and heat energy concepts.

Remarks: Introduces and defines heat, internal energy, specific and latent heats of substances. Explains relationship between heat and mechanical energy. Identifies phases of matter and the response of substances during phase changes. Demonstrates calculation of heat during phase changes and sensible temperature changes. Homework.Computational practical exercise in the calculation of heat. Quiz.

21PAD06 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Heat Energy Transfer & PE

Action Text: Solve heat transfer problems involving conduction and radiation and convection.

Remarks: Introduction to the transfer of heat energy by convection, conduction and radiation; coefficient of conductivity; convection coefficient; overall heat transfer coefficient. Homework.Practical exercise in calculating and solving basic heat transfer problems. The student will develop basic computational techniques for solving heat transfer problems involving conduction and radiation.

Lesson Id / Version

21PAD07 / 1

Technique of Delivery

(GP) Large Group Instruction

Hours Method of Instruction

Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Total: 5.0

Lesson Title: Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory & PE

Action Text: Solve ideal gas and kinetic theory problems.

Remarks: Introduction to the ideal gas law and the concept of a perfect gas; Avogadro's number; Boyle's Law; Charles' Law; the kinetic theory of gasses; internal energy of a gas; universal gas constant; molecular weight and moles. Homework.Computational Practical Exercise using the ideal gas law and kinetic theory relationships in solving problems involving ideal gas laws (universal and general); Avogadro's Law; Boyle's Law; Charles's Law; Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures; kinetic theory of gasses and the universal gas constant.

21PAD08 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: 0th and 1st Laws of Thermodynamics & PE

Action Text: Solve simple thermodynamic system problems using the 0th and 1st laws of Thermodynamics.

Remarks: Introduces the Oth and 1st Laws of Thermodynamics. Includes the concept of thermal equilibrium and the use of thermometers. Introduces isobaric, isothermal, isometric and adiabatic thermal processes. Utilizes and ideal gas in expansion and compression processes.

Uses constant volume and constant pressure specific heat capacities and shows their relationship to the characteristic gas constant. Homework.Computational practical exercise using the 0th and 1st Law of Thermodynamics and other concepts introduced in 21PAD08

21PAD09 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Id / Version

21PAD09 / 1

Technique of Delivery

(GP) Large Group Instruction

Hours Method of Instruction

2.0 (TE) Test

Lesson Title: 2nd and 3rd Laws of Thermodynamics & PE & Quiz

Action Text: Solve thermodynamics problems using the Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics and the concept of entropy.

Remarks: Introduction to the 2nd and 3rd laws of thermodynamics; entropy and reversible processes;

definition of system and surroundings; relationship between work, heat and entropy.

Introduction to heat engines; Carnot's Principle; efficiency of the Carnot heat engine.

Homework.Computational practical exercise using the 2nd and 3rd laws of thermodynamics, entropy and reversible processes. Solving problems involving the Carnot heat engine. Quiz

21PAD10 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Thermodynamic basics & PE

Action Text: Solve thermodynamic process and cycle problems using the Engineering Gravitational System.

Remarks: Introduces the thermodynamic cycle and thermodynamic process in the Engineering Gravitational System (EGS) and the SI System. Includes discussion of thermodynamic state equations and state properties. Includes discussion on open and closed systems and their impact on mass and heat. Discusses the physical properties of mass, force, temperature and pressure in the EGS system. Introduces mass specific quantities. Homework.Computational Practical Exercise on topics covered in 21PAD10.

21PAD11 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Lesson Title: Energy and Energy Forms & PE

Action Text: Calculate the contributions made by each energy type to the total energy of a system.

Remarks: Potential energy, kinetic energy, flow work, and internal energy terms learned in physics are adapted for mechanical systems using the Engineering Gravitational System (EGS); Adds heat and work energy to the Bernoulli's equation to introduce the Steady Flow Energy Equation (modified Bernoulli's equation). Applies applications of conservation of energy including heat and work. Introduces pressure-volume diagrams. Relates heat and work transfer to the 1st law of thermodynamics. Homework.Computational practical exercise using concepts introduced in 21PAD11.

21PAD12 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Steady Flow Energy Equation & PE

Action Text: Solve thermodynamics problems using the steady flow energy equation.

Remarks: Modify the Bernoulli equation to the Engineering Gravitational System and incorporates all energy terms; Introduces how to calculate power requirements from the SFEE; introduces enthalpy. Homework.Practical exercise in computing and utilizing the Steady Flow Energy Equation

21PAD13 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Non-Flow Energy Equation and Perfect Gas & PE

Action Text: Solve thermodynamic problems using the Non-Flow Energy Equation (NFEE).

Remarks: Derives and demonstrates the non-flow energy equation (NFEE) for closed thermodynamic systems. Relates the NFEE to the 1st Law of Thermodynamics. Introduces the properties associated with a perfect gas and discusses limitations using it. Relates conservation of energy to the NFEE. Introduces Joules Law and demonstrates its use in the Non-Flow Energy Equation. HomeworkPractical exercise in solving problems involving subjects demonstrated in

21PAD13

21PAD14 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

4.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Reversible Non-Flow Processes & PE

Action Text: Solve thermodynamics problems using the reversible non-flow process equations.

Remarks: Introduces ideal reversible non-flow processes and how they are applied to real systems;

application and interpretation of P-v and T-s diagrams; incorporates Joule's Law, the 1st law of thermodynamics and the ideal gas law into the analysis of system processes.

Homework.Computational practical exercise using ideal reversible non-flow processes applied to real systems. Requires using the process equations, P-v and T-s diagrams, Joule's Law, the 1st law of thermodynamics and the ideal gas law. Quiz.

21PAD15 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

3.0 (TE) Test

3.0 (TR) Test Review Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Remarks: Review of objectives covered during 21PAD01 thru 21PAD14. Examination on all objectives covered during 21PD01 thru 21PAD14.Critique of examination given at 21PAD15.

21PAD16 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction

Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Introduction to Heat Engines

Action Text: To understand the impact of heat engine development on thermodynamics and to use the basic heat engine operating parameters to calculate engine capacities and capabilities.

Remarks: Characteristics of engines; construction of an engine; major components and its function;

engine operation; comparison of engine types; engine output and torque; engine efficiency;

supercharging and turbocharging; and classifications of engines. Discussion on basic design and components of gas, oil, and diesel engines as they apply to power generation prime movers.

21PAD17 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction

Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Physical Concepts

Action Text: Solve heat engine problems using the P-? and T-s diagrams and correct process equations to calculate net-work, net heat transfer and the cycle efficiency.

Remarks: Applies reversible non-flow processes directly to heat engine thermodynamic cycles.

Introduces concept of efficiency and how it relates to the heat requirements and work output of an engine. Introduces concept of thermal efficiency and network as applied to heat engine processes. Utilizes Pressure-volume and Temperature entropy diagrams to reinforce concept of heat and work, in and out of a closed system. Homework.

21PAD18 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Physical Concepts Practical Exercise (Graded)

Remarks: Computational Practical exercise utilizing concepts in 21PAD17

21PAD19 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction

Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

0.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Carnot Engine

Action Text: Analyze a Carnot engine cycle including all state point values, energy transfers, and the significance of the cycle efficiency.

Remarks: Introduces the ideal Carnot engine and efficiencies of Carnot engine cycles. Develops and defines the processes of the Carnot engine cycle. Compares Carnot cycle with actual engine cycles. Relates the Carnot cycle to the 2nd law of Thermodynamics. Homework.

21PAD20 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction

Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

0.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Otto Engine

Action Text: Solve thermodynamics problems using the Otto engine cycle processes and thermal efficiency.

Remarks: Development and analysis of the Otto engine cycle processes including state points, heat added and rejected per process, net work per cycle, total work and total power given a cycle frequency. Introduces characteristics and limitations of the spark ignition engines including efficiency and compression ratio. Uses P-v and T-s diagrams to relate net heat and net work in the cycle. Homework.

21PAD21 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction

Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

0.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Diesel Engine

Action Text: Solve Diesel engine cycle problems.

Remarks: Development and analysis of the Diesel engine cycle processes including state points, heat added and rejected per process, net work per cycle, total work and total power given a cycle frequency. Uses P-v and T-s diagrams to relate net heat and net work in the cycle.

Homework.

21PAD22 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction

Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

0.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Brayton Cycle Engine

Action Text: Solve Brayton engine cycle problems.

Remarks: Introduction to the Brayton Heat Engine Cycle and its thermodynamic processes. Discuss gas turbine engine components including the compressor, combustion chamber and turbine;

Discusses and calculates component efficiencies, inlet and exhaust duct pressure losses.

Uses constant and variable specific heat capacities of the working fluid. Discusses and calculates the overall efficiency and the relationship between individual component and process efficiencies and overall system performance; P-v and T-s diagrams will be used.

21PAD23 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction

Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

0.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Engine Analysis/Case Study

Action Text: Calculate all heat engine capacities and capabilities and analyze results via comparison.

Remarks: Introduction to a case study to compare the performance and characteristics of the ICCI (Diesel) engine and the ICSI (Otto) engine.

21PAD24 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

4.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.0 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Engine Analysis/Case Study Practical Exercise (Graded)

Action Text: Calculate all heat engine capacities and capabilities and analyze results via comparison.

Remarks: Practical exercise using a case study to compare the performance and characteristics of the ICCI (Diesel) engine and the ICSI (Otto) engine. Students will be provided a scenario and must evaluate various engine performance parameters and physical characteristics to select the appropriate engine to meet the requirements of their scenario. The analysis will include, but not limited to, engine efficiency, compression ratios, brake specific fuel consumption, operating speed (rpm), engine complexity (maintenance and repair), weight, size, and fuel considerations including fuel safety. Graded.

21PAD25 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

2.0 (TE) Test

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Reverse Heat Engines (Refrigeration and Heat Pumps) & PE & Quiz

Action Text: Solve reverse Carnot heat engine and simple vapor compression refrigeration system problems.

Remarks: Introduces reversible heat engines (heat pumps) and their applications. Discusses the thermodynamic processes in reversible heat engines and their application to refrigeration cycles. Includes calculation of refrigeration effect, capacity and coefficient of performance.

Relates heat and work transfer to a reverse heat engine. Homework.Computational Practical exercise using concepts learned in 21PAD25. Quiz.

21PAD26 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Incompressible Fluid Flow & PE

Action Text: Solve incompressible fluid flow problems using the modified Bernoulli Equation (General Energy Equation).

Remarks: Modifies the SFEE (Bernoulli's Equation) for incompressible flow in a pipe. Introduces head loss, pump work and specific weight. Homework.Computational practical exercise using the modified SFEE (Bernoulli's Equation) for incompressible flow in a pipe

21PAD27 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

0.8 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Incompressible Fluid Flow Practical Exercise (Graded)

Action Text: Solve incompressible fluid flow problems using the modified Bernoulli Equation (General Energy Equation).

Remarks: Graded Practical Exercise covering lessons 21PAD26 Diesel Engine.

21PAD28 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Losses in Fluid Systems & PE

Action Text: Solve problems involving head loss (energy loss) in fluid flow systems.

Remarks: Development of minor energy losses in fluid systems; Darcy's equation; friction factors;

system efficiency using brake horsepower (bhp) and water horsepower (whp); investigating relationship between volume flow rate and energy losses in a piping system; introduces manometer relationship. Homework.Computational practical exercise calculating minor energy losses in incompressible fluid flow systems and be able to solve problems involving head loss in flow systems.

21PAD29 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Pumps and Pumping Power & PE

Action Text: Calculate pressure head, fluid flow rates, and other fluid systems parameters.

Remarks: Introduction to pumps; functions of pumps as factors in transferring of energy; determining mechanical efficiency of pumps; classifications; Cavitation and priming of pumps; introduction to types and classification of valves. Homework.Computational Practical exercise in determining mechanical efficiency of pumps, pump curves, and factors that affect the transfer of energy by pumps.

21PAD30 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

2.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Heat Exchangers & PE

Action Text: Solve heat exchange problems.

Remarks: Discussion on classification and construction of heat exchangers based on method of heat transfer or direction of flow; calculation of heat flow and transfer in heat exchangers using parallel, cross and counter flow. Introduces heat transfer coefficient. Review of heat transfer concepts. Homework.Computational Practical exercise on topics learned in 21PAD29/30 including calculation of heat flow and transfer in heat exchangers.

21PAD31 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.8 (CO) Conference / Discussion

1.0 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Fluid System Analysis & PE

Action Text: Solve parallel flow and closed cycle fluid systems problems.

Remarks: Applies all fluid system relationships to parallel flow systems and closed cycle systems;

develops relationship between volume flow rate and water horsepower requirements.

Homework.Applies all fluid system relationships in a computational and laboratory based practical exercise. Quiz.

21PAD32 / 1 (GP) Large Group Instruction Introduction: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

0.8 (PE) Practical Exercise (Performance)

Summary: 0.1 (CO) Conference / Discussion

Lesson Title: Fluid System Analysis Practical Exercise (Graded)

Action Text: Solve parallel flow and closed cycle fluid systems problems.

Remarks: Graded Practical Exercise covering lessons 21PAD31 Fluid System…