Lockmaster_Historic_Structure_Report_-_Redacted.pdf

Historic Structures Report for the Lock and Dam No. 10 Lockmaster’s House, Guttenberg, Clayton County, Iowa

Wapsi Valley Archaeology Report No. 1064

Prepared for:

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District

By Maria L. Schmid, Principal Investigator

Wapsi Valley Archaeology, Inc.

126 East Main Street

Anamosa, Iowa 52205

(319) 462-4760

FINAL

March 2019

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March 2019 inal

Historic Structures Report for the Lock and Dam No. 10 Lockmaster's House, Guttenberg, Clayton County, Iowa.

Maria L. Schmid

Contract W912E 17 D 0001

Task rder W912ES19 0001

Wapsi Valley Archaeology, Inc.

P. . ox 244 12 East Main Street Anamosa, Iowa 220

WVA Report No. 10 4

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District 180 ifth Street East, Suite 700 St. Paul, MN 101

Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UU

Wapsi Valley Archaeology, Inc. completed a Historic Structures Report for the Lock and Dam No. 10 Lockmaster’s House in Guttenberg, Clayton County, Iowa. The project was completed between November 2018 and March 2019. This report will assist the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District, with management of the property, enforcement of the lease, and fulfillment of requirements under federal law.

The project’s legal location is Township 92N, Range 2W, Clayton County, Iowa. The house is part of the Lock and Dam No. 10 complex, and is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The Lockmaster’s House was built between 1937 and 1938, and the addition of a porch was completed in 1939. The dwelling is the only remaining lockmaster residence in its original location in the Lock and Dam System of the Mississippi River in Iowa. The house is eighty years old and still maintains all seven aspects of integrity: location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.

The investigation found that the house is in fair condition with some deterioration that needs to be addressed promptly to avoid further damage.

Historic Structures Report for the Lock and Dam No. 10 Lockmaster's House in Guttenberg, Iowa.

Historic Structures Report for the Lock and Dam No. 10 Lockmaster’s House, Guttenberg, Clayton County, Iowa

Maria L. Schmid

Wapsi Valley Archaeology Report No. 1064

Wapsi Valley Archaeology, Inc.

126 East Main Street

Anamosa, Iowa 52205

(319) 462-4760

March 2019

FINAL

Wapsi Valley Archaeology, Inc.

Anamosa, IA

Table of Contents

Table of Contents .................................................................................................. 1!

List of Maps and Figures ....................................................................................... 3!

Maps .................................................................................................................. 3!

Historic Plans and Photographs ......................................................................... 3!

2018 Photographs .............................................................................................. 4!

Management Summary ......................................................................................... 7!

Introduction ............................................................................................................ 8!

Research Methods ................................................................................................ 9!

Project Location and Setting ................................................................................ 10!

Brief History of the Property ................................................................................ 12!

History of the Lock and Dam Navigation System in the Mississippi River ....... 12!

Overview History of the Lockmaster’s House and Assistant Lockmaster’s House ............................................................................................................... 13!

Construction History ......................................................................................... 14!

Chronology ................................................................................................... 14!

Site Work ...................................................................................................... 16!

Architectural Evaluation ....................................................................................... 18!

Overview .......................................................................................................... 18!

Assessment of Lockmaster’s House Exterior .................................................. 19!

East Elevation ............................................................................................... 19!

West Elevation .............................................................................................. 20!

North Elevation ............................................................................................. 21!

South Elevation ............................................................................................ 21!

Lockmaster’s House Interior ............................................................................ 22!

First Level ..................................................................................................... 22!

Second Level ................................................................................................ 25!

Basement ..................................................................................................... 27!

Attic ............................................................................................................... 28!

Mechanical Systems ..................................................................................... 28!

Electrical System .......................................................................................... 29!

Existing Conditions .............................................................................................. 30!

Summary of Resource Integrity ....................................................................... 30!

Asbestos and Lead .......................................................................................... 30!

Exterior Existing Conditions ............................................................................. 30!

East Elevation Existing Conditions ............................................................... 30!

West Elevation Existing Conditions .............................................................. 31!

North Elevation Existing Conditions ............................................................. 31!

South Elevation Existing Conditions ............................................................. 32!

Interior Existing Conditions .............................................................................. 32!

First Level Existing Conditions ..................................................................... 32!

Second Level Existing Conditions ................................................................ 35!

Maintenance Requirements ................................................................................ 38!

Recommendations .............................................................................................. 40!

Repairs ............................................................................................................. 41!

First Level Repairs ....................................................................................... 41!

Living Room Repairs .................................................................................... 42!

Dining Room Repairs ................................................................................... 42!

Kitchen Repairs ............................................................................................ 43!

Staircase Repairs ......................................................................................... 43!

Porch Repairs ............................................................................................... 43!

Second Level Repairs .................................................................................. 43!

Master Bedroom Repairs ............................................................................. 44!

North Bedroom Repairs ................................................................................ 44!

South Bedroom Repairs ............................................................................... 44!

Bathroom Repairs ........................................................................................ 45!

Sewing Room Repairs .................................................................................. 45!

Basement Repairs ........................................................................................ 45!

Attic Repairs ................................................................................................. 45!

Mechanical System Repairs ......................................................................... 46!

Electrical System Repairs ............................................................................ 46!

Summary of Categories of Work ...................................................................... 46!

Architectural ................................................................................................. 46!

Windows, Casings, and Shutters ................................................................. 47!

Roof .............................................................................................................. 47!

Exterior Walls ............................................................................................... 48!

Chimney ....................................................................................................... 48!

Porch ............................................................................................................ 49!

Vegetation .................................................................................................... 49!

Doors ............................................................................................................ 50!

Gutters .......................................................................................................... 50!

Structural ...................................................................................................... 50!

Mechanical System ...................................................................................... 50!

Electrical System .......................................................................................... 51!

Priorities ........................................................................................................... 51!

References .......................................................................................................... 52!

Figures ................................................................................................................. 53!

2018 Photographs ............................................................................................... 71!

List of Maps and Figures

MAPS

Map 1. Map of the upper Mississippi River showing the project location

Map 2. Map of the project location in Clayton County, Iowa

Map 3. Topographic map of the project location

Map 4. 2017 orthophotograph of the project location

HISTORIC PLANS AND PHOTOGRAPHS

Figure 1. Historic drawings of the elevations and details from 1937

Figure 2. Historic drawings of the plans and details from 1937

Figure 3. Historic landscape drawings of site from 1937

Figure 4. Historic perspective drawings of site from 1937

Figure 5. Historic drawings of the porch addition from 1939

Figure 6. Interior view of the living room from 1938

Figure 7. Interior view of the living room with furniture from 1938

Figure 8. Interior view of the kitchen with furniture from 1938

Figure 9. Interior view of the bathroom from 1938

Figure 10. Interior view of master bedroom with furniture from 1938

Figure 11. Front door detail circa 1970s

Figure 12. Historic photograph of façade with context circa 1970

Figure 13. Historic photograph of exterior to northwest circa 1970

Figure 14. Historic photograph of exterior to southeast circa 1970

Figure 15. Historic photograph of exterior to southwest circa 1970

Figure 16. Interior view of the kitchen with furniture circa 1970

Figure 17. Interior view of the bathroom circa 1970

Figure 18. Interior view of the living room with furniture circa 1970

Figure 19. Interior view of the dining room with furniture circa 1970

Figure 20. Interior view of master bedroom with furniture circa 1970

Figure 21. Concept drawings for new Central Control Station circa 1970

Figure 22. Concept drawings for new Central Control Station from 2001

Figure 23. Concept drawings for new Central Control Station from 2001

2018 PHOTOGRAPHS

Figure 24. Exterior view to the southwest

Figure 25. Exterior oblique view to the southwest

Figure 26. Exterior view of context, view to east

Figure 27. Exterior view of east elevation

Figure 28. Detail view of front door

Figure 29. Detail view of right side of east elevation

Figure 30. Exterior view of west elevation

Figure 31. Exterior view of north elevation

Figure 32. Exterior view of south elevation

Figure 33. Detail of stairs in living room

Figure 34. Detail of chamfered arch in living room

Figure 35. Detail of window casing with added wood piece above

Figure 36. Detail of hardwood floor at the entrance

Figure 37. Detail of original light fixture in living room

Figure 38. Detail of wallpaper in living room

Figure 39. View of air conditioner, detached wallpaper and radiator in the dining room

Figure 40. View of kitchen cabinets

Figure 41. Detail view of wall cabinets and ventilation duct

Figure 42. Detail view of staircase

Figure 43. Detail view of staircase from second level landing

Figure 44. Detail view of access panel for bathroom plumbing

Figure 45. Detail view of porch interior

Figure 46. Detail view of hallway closet

Figure 47. Detail view of master bedroom ceiling

Figure 48. Detail view of window air conditioning unit

Figure 49. Detail view of original bathtub and toilet

Figure 50. Detail view of replaced vanity in bathroom

Figure 51. Detail view of structural column in basement

Figure 52. Detail view of I-beam and joists

Figure 53. Detail view of attic with brick shaft

Figure 54. View of heating system

Figure 55. Detailed view of surface conditions on west elevation

Figure 56. Detail of upper brick exhaust shaft

Figure 57. Detail of southwest corner at the lower portion of porch

Figure 58. Detail of ceiling repair patch in living room

Figure 59. Detail view of wall patch over window in living room

Figure 60. Detail view of wall damage under staircase window

Figure 61. Detail view of crack under master bedroom window

Figure 62. Detail view of crack under bedroom window

Figure 63. Detail view of window damage

Figure 64. Detail view of watermark and crack on wall

Figure 65. Detail view of wall damage under window in sewing room

Figure 66. Detail view of wall damage under window in sewing room

Management Summary Wapsi Valley Archaeology, Inc. completed a Historic Structures Report for the Lock and Dam No. 10 Lockmaster’s House in Guttenberg, Clayton County, Iowa.

The project was completed for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District (Corps), between November 2018 and March 2019.

The purpose of the study was to prepare a Historic Structures Report for the Lock and Dam No. 10 Lockmaster’s House property (Iowa Site Inventory No. 22- 00895) in Guttenberg, Iowa. This report will assist the Corps with management of the lockhouse, enforcement of the lease, and fulfillment of its requirements under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended; the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Regulation for the Protection of Historic Properties (36CFR Par 800); and applicable Corps regulations.

The project’s legal location is Township 92N, Range 2W, Clayton County, Iowa.

The house is part of the Lock and Dam No. 10 Complex, and is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The Lockmaster’s House was built between 1937 and 1938 and the addition of a porch was completed in 1939. The dwelling is the only remaining lockmaster residence in its original location in Iowa in the Lock and Dam System of the Mississippi River. The house is eighty years old and still maintains all seven aspects of integrity: location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.

The investigation found that the house is in fair condition with some deterioration that needs to be addressed promptly to avoid further damage. The house requires new roofs and restoration work on windows, shutters, doors, exterior and interior walls, the chimney, and the porch. The electrical system should be inspected by a qualified electrician and brought to code. The exterior siding and interior walls need paint; lead abatement will be necessary as the existing paint is lead-based. Wapsi Valley Archaeology recommends that restoration work be a priority due to safety issues and to avoid further damage and a more costly restoration in the future. The highest priorities include lead abatement and repainting (interior and exterior), electrical system updates, roof repair, window repair, and chimney repair. It is also recommended that a regular maintenance plan for the house be developed to help preserve this historic property for future generations.

Introduction

This Historic Structures Report (HSR) presents information on the Lock and Dam No. 10 Lockmaster’s House property in Guttenberg, Iowa. Wapsi Valley Archaeology, Inc. completed this study for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St.

Paul District (Corps), to assist with project planning and with compliance with the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended; the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Regulation for the Protection of Historic Properties (36CFR Part 800); and applicable Corps regulations.

The purpose of this Historic Structures Report for the Lock and Dam No. 10 Lockmaster’s House is to determine rehabilitation and maintenance needs of the historic property. In the body of this report, Wapsi Valley Archaeology, Inc.

provides detailed descriptions of architectural features, changes to the building, and existing conditions. This report also presents prioritized recommendations for repairs, and a plan for regular maintenance of the property.

Maria Schmid and Michel Giller completed the filed investigation on November 7 and 8, 2018. Maria Schmid performed document research on November 7 at the Guttenberg Public Library and on November 9, 2018 at the State Historic Society of Iowa Archives in Iowa City. Research was also completed at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District, on December 17 and 18, 2018.

Maria Schmid of Wapsi Valley Archaeology, Inc. served as the Principal Investigator for this project and authored this report. Nurit G. Finn served as Project Manager. Michael Giller assisted in the fieldwork and prepared the figures and maps. Nurit G. Finn edited this report. Eleisha Barnett assisted with report formatting and production.

Research Methods

Architectural Historian Maria Schmid and Michael Giller of Wapsi Valley Archaeology, Inc. visited the Lockmaster’s House property and took detailed notes on the building’s interior and exterior conditions. The house was photographed at that time. Note that it was difficult to assess all of the conditions and to photograph many of the rooms in the house due to the amount of furniture and other items on display. In addition, a note on the premises instructed that water faucets should not be turned on; it appears that water had been turned off for the winter. Faucets and plumbing fixtures could not be assessed during the visit.

Maria Schmid examined information available at the Guttenberg Public Library and at the State Historical Society of Iowa Archives in Iowa City. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District, also provided digital copies of documents to assist with research at the beginning of this project. Additionally, research was completed at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District office, on December 17 and 18, 2018. Information in the form of reports, correspondence, sketches, and projects pertaining to Lock and Dam No. 10 were examined in St.

Paul.

Dwelling photographs and drawings were found online at the Library of Congress website.1 Other references used in this study include books, National Register nominations, Multiple Property documents, Iowa Site Inventory Forms, and reports. These are listed in the References section at the end of this document.

1 Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.

http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print., various dates.

Project Location and Setting

The Lockmaster’s House lies adjacent to Lock and Dam No. 10, one of a system of twenty-seven locks and dams along the Upper Mississippi River valley (Map 1). The Lockmaster’s House Property (Site Inventory 22-00895) lies on the west bank of the Mississippi River in Guttenberg, Clayton County, Iowa (Map 2). Lock and Dam No. 10 is located at mile 615.1 on the Mississippi River. The legal location of the property is Township 92N, Range 2W, Clayton County, Iowa.

(Map 3).

The house lies immediately northwest of Lock and Dam No. 10, commanding a view of the Mississippi River and the lock and dam system (Map 4). Lock and Dam No. 10 is part of the nine-foot channel project for the Upper Mississippi River authorized in 1930 and designed by the Army Corps of Engineers. The lock measures 110 feet by 600 feet, which are the dimensions of other locks in the system. The dam includes a control section, earthen dike, and ogee spillway of 1200 feet in length. The control section has eight 35-foot by 15-foot Tainter gates and four 80-foot by 20-foot roller gates. 2

The Lockmaster’s House of Lock and Dam No. 10 was originally surveyed as part of a study entitled The Architectural and Historical Resources of Guttenberg, Iowa 1854-1955 (HADB Number 2-009).3 The property has previously been determined to be eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places under Criteria A and C, for its association with a major federal river navigation improvement and Depression relief project and for its architectural features (Iowa Site Inventory No. 22-00895).4 The Lockmaster’s House was included as part of the larger lock and dam complex. Lock and Dam No. 10 is part of a thematic group of locks and dams within the Upper Mississippi River 9-Foot Channel Project built by the Works Progress Administration in the 1930s. The resource appears to fall within Multiple Property Listing, Upper Mississippi River 9-Foot Navigation Project, 1931-1948. In addition, Jacobsen places it within the Multiple Property Document entitled The Architectural and Historical Resources of Guttenberg, Iowa 1854-1955. For the purpose of this report, the house’s period of significance is assumed to be between 1937 and 1955.

The town of Guttenberg, Iowa, has two historic districts near Lock and Dam No.

10. One is the Front Street (River Park Drive) Historic District, which is a collection of historic commercial buildings. The other is the Guttenberg National

2 Jon Gjerde, Lock and Dam No. 10, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, HABS/HAER Inventory, February 26, 1983, St. Paul District Army Corps of Engineers archives.

3 James Jacobsen, 2001, Lockmaster’s House, Iowa Site Inventory Form 22-00895 , State Historic Preservation Office.

4 Ibid.

Fish Hatchery and Aquarium Historic District. The latter was also a product of a Works Progress Administration project and was designed between 1938 and 1941 for fish conservation efforts. Modifications of the Mississippi River by the Lock and Dam No. 10 nine-foot channel project affected aquatic life in the region.

The Guttenberg Fish Hatchery is significant for its association with federal activities on fish conservation.

Brief History of the Property

HISTORY OF THE LOCK AND DAM NAVIGATION SYSTEM IN THE MISSISSIPPI

RIVER

The history of the Upper Mississippi River navigation system began with the Corps construction of a four-foot channel in 1878, authorized by an act of Congress. Soon after, a deeper, six-foot channel was proposed for improved river navigation. St. Paul, Minnesota, was selected as the location of a dam, and, at the same time would benefit from hydroelectric power produced for the growing city. The project was included in the River and Harbor Act of 1907.5 It took more than a decade to build Dams No. 1 and No. 2 in the Twin City area.

Navigation of this portion of the Mississippi River needed the locks and dams because the differences in elevation are pronounced.

A nine-foot channel navigation system along the Mississippi River was proposed from St. Paul, Minnesota, to St. Louis, Missouri. This system would connect the commercial activity of cities along the river. Twenty-six structures were built to achieve a constant water level that allowed commercial ship navigation. The U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers, through the War Department at the time, proposed to build Dam No. 10 between Clayton, Iowa, and Cassville, Wisconsin. Guttenberg was ultimately chosen, in part, because a community was already established there.

The project was part of the Works Progress Administration and was designed and built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers using regional contractors.

Hanlon and Oakes of St. Paul, Minnesota, built the 110 foot by 600 foot lock in 1934. The McCarthy Improvement Company of Davenport, Iowa, built the dam between 1935 and 1936. In 1937, work began on clearing the wooded area north of the dam to create the 18,600-acre pool that holds the water that enables navigation along the nine-foot channel. 6

During the Great Depression, jobs were desperately needed and the project in Guttenberg was a welcomed source of employment for the community and nearby towns. Lock and Dam No. 10 attracted 400 people into town, creating jobs for the community during the crucial years between 1934 and 1938 when the lock complex was finally completed.7 In return, the town of Guttenberg was transformed by the event. Not only did the lock reshape the river, but it also

5 John O Anfinson, “The Secret History of the Mississippi’s Earliest Locks and Dams,” n.d., 19.!

6 Jacobs, Walter W. 1994. The first one hundred years: a history of Guttenberg, Iowa.

Guttenberg, Iowa: Gutenberg Press.

7 Jacobs, Walter W.

opened the doors to commercial transit connecting a once-remote town to important cities along the Mississippi River.

OVERVIEW HISTORY OF THE LOCKMASTER’S HOUSE AND ASSISTANT

LOCKMASTER’S HOUSE

In this climate of the Great Depression, two dwellings were constructed for the Lockmaster and Assistant Lockmaster as part of the Lock and Dam No. 10 complex (Figures 1 through 4). The nearby location of the dwellings facilitated efficient operation of the lock. The historical context in which the houses were built was one of austerity, economy, and practicality. Each house cost $7,500 dollars 8 and used materials of reasonable quality. The houses were modest but comfortable for a family with three bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen, and a bathroom. The simple architectural features found in the house are representative of the unassuming Colonial Revival Style that became popular in the United States at the time.

The duties of a Lockmaster in 1938 included responsibility for the lock and dam, as well as supervising lock tenders and linesmen and all traffic passage. He or she was also in charge of repairs, painting, and upkeep of the grounds, locks, and dam. The newly-appointed Lockmasters of the Mississippi River lock and dam system were qualified resident engineers who also participated in the building of the structures. The Lockmaster was very involved in the operations of the lock and dams and, from 1938 to 1971, they lived in houses on the premises.

The homes were built by the federal government under the Works Progress Administration to compensate the Lockmasters that operated lock and dams in small towns away from large cities. The first Lockmaster to live in this house was Pearl Walker, followed by Abbott Vrgrel, and lastly Marvin Pedretti. Pedretti lived there for twenty-two years until 1990.9

The U.S. Army Corps Division Engineer Office of Rock Island designed and built the Lock and Dam No. 10 complex between 1934 and 1938. Two houses were designed in 1937 and built in 1938 at Lock and Dam No. 10: one for the Lockmaster and another for the Assistant Lockmaster. The houses were placed parallel to the lock, with the Lockmaster’s House located upstream and the Assistant’s house located downstream. A separate building for a two-car garage served both houses and was located between of the two houses (see Figures 3

8 “Burlington Daily Hawk Eye Gazette Archives | Feb 18, 1938, p. 10,” accessed January 10, 2019, https://newspaperarchive.com/burlington-daily-hawk-eye-gazette-feb-18-1938-p-10/.

9!James, Jacobsen, Lockmaster’s House, Iowa Site Inventory Form 22-00895, May 2001, pp. 3 - 5.!

and 4). Around the 1970s, the Assistant Lockmaster’s dwelling was removed from the site and relocated to the town of Guttenberg.

The same set of construction drawings was used for building all the Lockmaster’s Houses in the system.10 The style of the homes was Colonial Revival, which was a popular style of house at that time in the United States.11 The style of the house contrasts with the streamline art modern style of Lock and Dam No. 10, typical of Depression-era government projects. The house has a privileged view of the river and the lock complex, which is part of its immediate context.

Eighteen Lockmaster’s dwellings were built for the nine-foot Lock and Dam channel system of the Mississippi River. The house in Guttenberg is the last house of its type that remains in its original location in Iowa. All other Lockmaster’s houses in the nine-foot channel system in Iowa have been removed. The fact that the last Lockmaster remained in the house until 1990 possibly saved the house from being demolished.

CONSTRUCTION HISTORY

The Lockmaster’s House was built between 1937 and 1938 after Lock and Dam No. 10 was completed. 12 The porch was added in 1939 and is considered historically significant to the house (Figure 5). The house received renovations in the kitchen, bathroom, basement, and bedrooms sometime after 1968. At this time a HABS/HAER survey of the house was completed and historic photographs taken during this era can be compared to the 1938 photographs and design drawings.13

Chronology

Construction of the dwelling began in the Fall of 1937 and was completed in the Spring of 1938. Photographs from 1938 showcase the original interior of the dwelling (Figures 6 through 10). An outside porch addition was finished in 1939.

Storm windows and doors were probably added to the exterior during the 1950s when storm windows became popular in the United States. They are featured in historic 1970s photographs (Figures 11 through 15).

10 Ibid.

11 Virginia Savage McAlester, A Field Guide to American Houses: The Definitive Guide to Identifying and Understanding America’s Domestic Architecture (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2015).

12 “103. Lockkeepers’ Dwellings - Elevations & Wall Section (Ml-10-74/1-Fs), April 1937. - Upper Mississippi River 9-Foot Channel, Lock & Dam No. 10, Guttenberg, Clayton County, Ia,” Still Image, Accessed October 31, 2018, //Www.Loc.Gov/Pictures/Item/Ia0180.Photos.066429p/.!

13 “58. View Of Upstream Lockkeeper’s House In Esplanade, Looking Northwest - Upper Mississippi River 9-Foot Channel, Lock & Dam No. 10, Guttenberg, Clayton County, IA,” Still Image, Accessed October 31, 2018, //Www.Loc.Gov/Pictures/Item/Ia0180.Photos.066384p/.

About this time a series of minor interior modifications took place (Figures 16 through 20). Evidenced by HABS/HAER photographs dating from a time after 1968, modifications to the kitchen and the bathroom were completed around this time.14 Cabinets were added to an interior wall of the kitchen. In addition, the same wall-to-wall carpeting was installed in the living room, kitchen, and bathroom areas. The carpet is still in place in the bathroom. The kitchen and living room carpets have since been removed and the oak hardwood floors refinished.

According to the Iowa Site Inventory Form, the basement remodel was finished in

1975.15 This is the time that asbestos roof shingles may have been replaced with the current asphalt shingles.

The house was used as a residence from the time of completion construction in 1938 to 1990. Since 1991, its use has changed from a residence to a museum run by the Guttenberg Heritage Society. In 1991 a meeting took place at the municipal building in Guttenberg, Iowa, where the future use of the Lockmaster’s House was discussed. At this time the house was no longer used as a residence and the Corps was looking for a feasible alternative use for the building.16

The City of Guttenberg formed a committee to plan a museum for the Lockmaster’s House. The original intent for the house was for it to serve as a museum about the Mississippi River. A lease was made on behalf of the United States between the Secretary of the Army and the newly formed Guttenberg Heritage Society for a ten year time period (Appendix 1). This arrangement allowed the Corps to maintain the historic house even when there is no use for the building for lock and dam operations. The contract has been renewed several times and the Guttenberg Heritage Society still runs the museum in the Lockmaster’s House.

One of the conditions of the lease agreement regards the use and occupation of the premises. These are subject to the general supervision and approval of the District Engineer and to rules and regulations as prescribed from time to time.

The use of the premise was intended as a museum for displays with historic information about local and regional history with particular attention to the history of the river and the lock and dam.17

14 "Upper Mississippi River 9-Foot Channel, Lock & Dam No. 10, Guttenberg, Clayton County, IA,” Accessed October 31, 2018, //Www.Loc.Gov/Pictures/Item/Ia0180.Photos.066384p/.

15 James, Jacobsen, Lockmaster’s House, Site Inventory Form 22-00895, May 2001, pp. 3 -5.

16 Letter to Loyce Dumke, City Manager of Guttenberg, April 1991. St. Paul District Army Corps of Engineers archives.

17 Lease agreement between U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Guttenberg Heritage Society from October 24, 1991, St. Paul District Office Archives.

A ramp was added to the west porch entrance in the late 1990s to comply with ADA regulations. The ramp replaced a three-step wood stair at the same location where the ramp begins. The ramp turns to the south towards the Central Control Station building.

A separated two-car garage was built in 1937 at the time that the Lockmaster’s House and the Assistant Lockmaster’s House were built. The garage was demolished around 2007 to make way for a fire lane when the new Central Control Station was built. The new building had to be located upstream for optimum lock operations and the location near the garage was chosen.

During the 1970s, the Central Control Station of the dam was updated (Figure 21). Planning for a new Central Control Station began again around 2001 and the building was completed in 2008 (Figures 22 and 23). The original facilities were 65 years old and had reached the end of their designed life. The new control station would extend the lock and dam service for another 50 years. The Central Control Station Building contains the operating control equipment and engine generator set to operate the lock gates.18 Site work modifications were made at the time with new sidewalks, parking spaces, and a security cyclone fence around the property. There have been no other significant changes to the property since then.

Site Work

The site on the west bank of the Mississippi River remained much the same for seventy years until the original control station needed substantial maintenance and repairs. Around 2001, plans were drawn to build a new control station building that would house modern equipment needed to update the lock’s operations. Ayres Associates was contracted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to create the plans in 2001. The original Central Control Station laid parallel to the west embankment of the lock about a quarter of the way from the upstream gates. The Central Control Station was across the street from the Lockmaster’s House. There were two storage buildings towards the downstream gate and the embankment was secured with a fence along the operation area of the lock.

The new Central Control Station was designed to stand perpendicular to the west embankment just north of the upstream gates (Figures 22 and 23). This location provided a vantage point for the lock’s operations. The building was located at the widest portion of the site near the Lockmaster’s House. The garage was in

18 Draft Quality Control Plan, Lock 10 Stage 2, Plans and Specifications, 8 June 2001, St. Paul District Army Corps of Engineers archives.

the way of the fire safety space required around the building, so it was demolished before the new control station was built. The new building was placed so that the Lockmaster’s House’s view of the lock and the river was not obstructed.

Architectural Evaluation

OVERVIEW

The following pages present an assessment of the Lockmaster’s House at Lock and Dam No. 10. This assessment examined exterior and interior features and finishes of the building following the National Park Service’s Secretary of Interior Standards.19 The bulletins How to apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation 20 Preservation Brief 43), 21 and the Secretary of interior Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties 22 were also considered in this analysis.

The residence is a 1,440-square-foot colonial style building. The two-story, 24-foot by 30-foot dwelling is a side-gabled building with a basement. The house sits on a small gradient surrounded by a grassy area in a north-south orientation (Figure 24). Concrete sidewalks cross the lawn in front of the house towards the north. The exterior walls are clad in beveled cedar wood siding with 6” exposures and miter-cut corners joined with metal corner pieces. Dark green asphalt shingles replaced the original cement asbestos shingles. The exterior walls are painted white as they appear in historic photographs, with green operable window shutters. The wood siding is original to the house, and the exterior materials as well as construction methods are character-defining features of the building. All windows are six lights over six lights and they are original to the house. The storm windows may not be original but appear in 1970s historic photographs. Decorative shutters adorn each of the exterior windows of the house (Figures 25 to 27). They are wood plank shutters with a decorative diamond-shaped center cutout. These appear on a 1936 photograph included on the Site Inventory Form23 and also appear in historic photographs from circa 1970 (see Figures 12 to 15). The shutters have metal pin tie pivots and s-shape lag bolts centered on their outer edge suggesting that they may be operable. A red brick chimney shaft conceals the boiler exhaust pipes at the center of the north elevation. A screened-in porch is located at the south elevation. This porch was added a year after construction and is considered a historic feature of the

19 National Park Service, Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Architectural and Engineering Documentation (Washington, D.C.: Department of the Interior, 1983).

20 National Park Service, “National Register Bulletin: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation” (Washington, D.C.: United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1997).

21 “Preservation Brief 43: The Preparation and Use of Historic Structure Reports,” accessed October 26, 2018, https://www.nps.gov/tps/how-to-preserve/briefs/43-historic-structure-reports.htm.

22 Sergio Arzac et al., “The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties,” APT Bulletin 29, no. 1 (1998): 54, https://doi.org/10.2307/1504550.

23 Jacobsen, James 2001, Lockmaster’s House, Iowa Site Inventory Form 22-00895, State Historic Preservation Office house. The basement is made of poured concrete with six small windows; two are located at the north, south, and west elevations. The basement windows are also original wood and in a glass awning style with three lights.

The property has changed from the time of construction of the house with the construction in 2008 of the Central Control Station of Lock and Dam No. 10 and the addition of a cyclone fence around the property (see Figure 26). The Assistant Lockmaster’s House was removed in the 1970s and relocated north of town. The separate garage that served both houses was built in 1938 and was removed in 2008 when the Central Control Station Building was constructed. The high school across the street from the Central Control Station Building has undergone additions over the years and that has slightly altered the original setting for the Lockmaster’s House.

ASSESSMENT OF LOCKMASTER’S HOUSE EXTERIOR

East Elevation

The east elevation of the house is the front façade that overlooks Lock and Dam No. 10 and the Mississippi River. The façade has five windows and a front door symmetrically distributed on two levels (see Figure 27). Concrete steps and a landing access the front door. The composition includes a concrete walkway, six steps, a landing that widens towards the front door and a raised rectangular landing in front of the door. A concrete step between the two landings was added at a later date. The stepped portion was flanked by a wrought iron handrail on the left side according to circa 1970s historic photographs; the handrail was not present in 1938 photographs. This feature is no longer in place.

A Georgian pediment protrudes from the center above the door with Tuscan capital brackets at each side (see Figure 28). Tuscan pilasters under the brackets adorn each side of the door. The original front door is solid wood with decorative recessed panels and an elliptical glass fanlight above. A glass and metal storm door recently replaced the original one. The original exterior light fixture is located below the pediment at the arch’s center.

All wood and glass windows on this façade are original to the house. Two windows on the first level are located one on each side of the front door. Three windows in the upper level are located above the windows and the door of the first level. The single hung windows are six lights over six lights and made of wood and glass with counterbalance cords to operate them. Each one has a storm window on the exterior that appears to be original. The storm windows on the exterior are single-hung metal frame and glass windows with fixed screens at the bottom.

Two copper downspouts and gutters are located on either side of the gutter on this elevation near the corners. They are fixed to the siding with two decorative metal brackets; one near the top and one near the bottom of each downspout.

Concrete gutter trays move water away from the house.

One side of the one-level porch is visible to the left of the façade with the angled roof attached to the south side of the house. A square Tuscan style column is visible on the far left and echoes the pediment brackets of the main entrance.

The column sits above a wood rafter supported by poured concrete footings. A pane of three screen sections supported by wood casings is inserted between the column, wall, and beam. Lattice wood screens cover the gap between the footings. A pane of three screen sections supported by wood casings is inserted between the column, wall, and beam.

There are two air conditioner units to the right of windows, one on the first level and one on the second level (Figure 29). These air conditioner units have been added recently and are not original to the house. Two flowerpots that are not original to the house have been placed at either side of the front door step.

According to 1970s photographs, the west elevation had shrubbery on both sides of the door; it is no longer present today.

West Elevation

The west, or rear, elevation (Figure 30) is oriented towards the sidewalk between the Lock and Dam No. 10 complex and Clayton Ridge High School. The rear of the house faces the school’s playground. This elevation has the door centered on the first level with a window above. This window corresponds to the staircase landing inside. A shed-type awning is attached to the exterior wall siding above the door with simple wood brackets below. This feature is original to the house but the original roof material was replaced with asphalt shingles. The door is fronted by a recently replaced metal and glass storm door. Two identical windows to the left of the door align vertically on the first and second levels. Two smaller windows are present, one to the left on the first level corresponding to the kitchen, and the other towards the center on the second level corresponding to the bathroom.

The one-story porch is visible towards the right of the elevation and mirrors the east elevation. A square Tuscan style column is visible on the far right and echoes the pediment brackets of the main entrance. The column sits above a wood rafter supported by poured concrete footings. A pane of three screen sections supported by wood casings is inserted between the column, wall, and beam. Except for an added ramp that accommodates ADA regulations, the porch retains original materials and features from the time of construction in 1937 that are character-defining.

Two exhaust pipes protrude from the roof above the bathroom window. A copper gutter runs along the roof edge and a single downspout is located to the left of the door. It is attached to the siding with decorative brackets, one near the top and another near the bottom. The gas meter and pipes located at the left corner protrude from the wall at the basement level. A metal school bell, not original to the house, is placed to the right of the door.

North Elevation

This elevation is gabled (Figure 31). The fascia extends two feet from the exterior wall and has wood cornices on either side. The symmetrically-distributed composition has four sash windows of equal size that are six lights over six lights. Two windows are on the first level and two above on the upper level. At the basement level, three light awning windows are located under the windows above. Vertically, a red brick chimney divides the composition. The chimney hides the exhaust pipes of the boiler and the kitchen. The metal exhaust pipe protrudes from the brick structure and has a whirlybird vent cap. The electric meter is placed on the lower right corner of this elevation. Two rectangular wood jalousie vents at the attic level regulate the inside temperature.

South Elevation

The south elevation is the other gabled side of the house. The elevation has a lower-level screen porch addition that dates to 1939 (Figure 32). The porch is considered historically significant to the house because it was built the year after the house was completed. The addition is approximately two feet narrower than the house on both sides. Three Tuscan style columns that support the shed roof porch are visible in this elevation. The roof has green asphalt shingles similar to the main roof and door awnings. A metal gutter runs along the porch’s roof edge and a single downspout is located at the left side of the porch affixed to the left column. Under each column are three exposed concrete columns that support the wood rafters for the porch’s wood floor. Wood lattice covers the space between the rafters and concrete footings. Four columns support the low side of the roof. There are two panes of three screen sections supported by wood casings that are inserted between the column, wall, and beam. Behind the porch, a window without shutters was placed to the right and a door replaced an original window to the left. Above the porch, two windows are visible on the second level.

A fixed louvered window is located at the upper center gable to regulate the inside temperature.

LOCKMASTER’S HOUSE INTERIOR

First Level

The first level floor plan is rectangular in shape and symmetrically distributed with the staircase and entrances centered along the short side and the living spaces placed at either side. The main entrance is to the east, opening to a closed foyer with double French doors. These wood and glass five light doors open into a hallway and a closet. Towards the left side of the hallway is the living room facing south and to the right is the dining room facing north.