6950626_PCD_2013_EMO_SOPs_Jun_'13.pdf

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE

STANDARD

OPERATING PROCEDURES

Pueblo Chemical Depot, Colorado

June 2013 i 6/12/2013

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

MASTER LIST

SOP 1 – STAKING AND UTILITY CLEARANCE

SOP 2 – DIRECT-PUSH DRILLING

SOP 3 – HOLLOW-STEM AUGER DRILLING

SOP 4 – SOIL-VAPOR SAMPLING

SOP 5 – SOIL SAMPLING

SOP 6 – MONITORING WELL CONSTRUCTION

SOP 7 – WELL DEVELOPMENT

SOP 8 – GROUNDWATER SAMPLING

SOP 9 – SAMPLING EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION

SOP 10 – SLUG TESTS

SOP 11 – AQUIFER TESTING

SOP 12 – MONITORING WELL ABANDONMENT

SOP 13 – BOREHOLE ABANDONMENT

SOP 14 – GROUNDWATER LEVEL MONITORING

SOP 15 – TOPOGRAPHIC AND GLOBAL POSITIONING SURVEY

SOP 16 – WASTEWATER SAMPLING

SOP 17 – SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT SAMPLING

SOP 18 – SAMPLE CHAIN OF CUSTODY

SOP 19 – SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION, LABELING, AND SHIPMENT

SOP 20 – DATA VERIFICATION

SOP 21 – INVESTIGATION DERIVED WASTE (IDW)

SOP 22 – REMEDIATION DERIVED WASTE (RDW)

SOP 1 STAKING AND UTILITY CLEARANCE

OBJECTIVE

The Staking and Utility Clearance Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) outlines the procedures that must be followed to protect field personnel from underground hazards (e.g., gas lines or high-voltage electrical lines) and overhead hazards (electrical lines), and to prevent damage to facility utilities (e.g., water mains and communication lines). In addition, proper site preparation is critical for expediting field sample collection activities. If sample locations are not properly marked, cleared, and located, significant costs may be incurred through delays.

EQIDPMENTAND MATERIALS

• Wooden stakes, surveyor's flags, or spray paint for marking locations

• Hammer

• Emergency contact forms

• Field notebook

PROCEDURE

1. Investigate potential utility locations by contacting the Utility Notification Center of Colorado (UNCC)/Utility Quest (800) 922-1987 (www.uncc.org), and the Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD) Facilities Engineer (719) 549-4723. Specific and detailed information for utility locates will be necessary. Schedule a meeting date and time with utility locator personnel.

2. Where available, utility maps should be obtained and reviewed to draft the preliminary position of sample locations to avoid underground obstructions. Potential staking locations shoUld be visually checked for accessibility and obvious underground or overhead obstructions, so that monitoring wells, soil boreholes, and test pit locations may be located away from obstructions such as utility lines.

3. Prior to the utility location meeting, physically mark each proposed monitoring well, borehole, trenching, or other location, based on information in the project work plan. It is recommended that temporary survey flags and more permanent wooden stakes or hubs be used to mark potential sample locations. The marker must be clearly identified with the sample location.

4. The following color codes are suggested for marking utilities:

WHITE

RED

YELLOW

ORANGE

BLUE

GREEN

PINK

Proposed location of well, trench, or sampling point Electric power lines, cables, conduits, and lighting cables Gas, oil, steam, petroleum, or gaseous materials Communications, alarm or signal lines, cables, or conduit Water, irrigation, and slurry lines Sewers and drain lines Temporary survey markings

SOP 1-1

12/27/2005

5. If obstructions are found, the sample point will be moved to a.location that is free of the obstruction. If a borehole location is moved to avoid utilities, it must be relocated to a position that satisfies the investigative intent of the original location. The altered sample point location must be recorded in a field notebook and indicated on a map.

The PCD project manager must be notified of any significant changes to sample locations.

6. Final locations will be shown on project site maps and will be surveyed when necessary.

7. Emergency contact information for the utility companies used to clear the sample location(s) will be recorded in a field notebook. Utility clearance diagrams and sketches provided by the utility locating personnel will be retained in project files.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Before each survey event, the field manager shall conduct a site safety meeting to notify all field personnel of safety, emergency response, and evacuation procedures. Frequent and effective communication between the surveyor and other personnel on site must be maintained at all times.

SOP 1-2

SOP 2 DIRECT-PUSH DRILLING

The Direct-push (DP) Drilling Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) outlines the procedures that must be followed when using the DP method for drilling small diameter boreholes, (e.g., up to 3.25-inch diameter). The DP method is a relatively fast technique for drilling through fine grained lithologic materials, but generally cannot penetrate into bedrock at Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD). DP drilling may be used for soil, soil vapor, or groundwater sampling, as well as groundwater well installation or subsurface injection.

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

• DP drill rig (e.g., Power probe, Thunder probe, Geo probe 1610D), equipped with samplers

• Support vehicles

• Organic vapor analyzer (OVA), including photoionization detector (PID) or flame ionization detector (FID), as required

• Waste containers as specified in the Investigation Derived Waste (IDW) SOP

• Health and safety equipment as specified in the contractor's Health and Safety Plan and the PCD Site-Wide Safety and Health Plan (RUST, 1996)

• Project Work Plan & Subcontractor Scope of Services

• Field forms

• Field notebook

• Water level indicator

• Munsell color chart

• Soil Classification chart, & standard grain size reference for sand

• Hand lens

• Pocket knife or small spatula

• Fiberglass tape

• Plastic bottle of dilute ( 1 0%) hydrochloric acid

• Standard decontamination supplies

• Analytical sample containers, coolers, & ice

• Chain of Custody (COC) as described in the COC SOP

PROCEDURE

1. Ensure that the Staking and Utility Clearance SOP has been followed· and documented.

Ensure no utilities are directly overhead of planned drilling.

2. Convene a daily safety meeting.

3. Park the DP rig and support truck at the site. Prepare all waste containers for collection of materials to be discarded as described in the IDW SOP.

4. When the DP rig is erected at the drilling location, and during the early phases of drilling, ensure that the drill stem is vertical. Make frequent checks of the stem's alignment and adjust the rig as necessary to maintain a vertical borehole.

SOP 2-1

5. Visually inspect all drill cuttings, and prepare soil lithology field notes as described in the Soil Sampling SOP.

6. Collect soil for headspace measurement, if applicable. The procedure is:

a) Place several inches of the soil core in a resealable plastic bag. Write the borehole number and sample depth on the bag.

b) Seal the bag with air enclosed and place in the sun. On cold days, the dashboard of a vehicle parked in the sun is a good location to set the bag.

c) After the bag has set in the sun or in a warm vehicle for at least 15 minutes, open a short section of the top of the bag and insert the probe of the OVA. Do not allow the tip of the probe to contact the inside of the bag.

d) Record the OVA reading on the lithology log.

e) One alternate to the use ofplastic bags.is to use canningjars with the "ring" lid and aluminum foil to hold the soil. Fill the jar approximate! y half full with soil, place foil over the opening, and screw on the ring lid. After warming the soil, push the probe tip through the foil to take the reading.

7. Collect samples of soil, soil vapor, and/or groundwater samples as described in the Soil Sampling, Soil-Vapor Sampling, and Groundwater Sampling SOPs for laboratory analysis, if applicable.

8. When the borehole has been drilled to the desired depth and sampling has been completed, abandon the borehole as described in the Monitoring Well Abandonment SOP or construct a temporary or permanent well as described in the Monitoring Well Construction SOP.

9. Decontaminate all field equipment used during the drilling process as described in the Sampling Equipment Decontamination SOP.

10. Collect and manage the drilling wastes as specified in the ID W SOP.

11. Complete all field forms and COC forms as described in the COC SOP.

12. Stake the location for future geodetic survey.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Before each drilling event, the field manager shall conduct a site safety meeting to notify all field personnel of safety, emergency response, and evacuation procedures. Frequent and effective communication between the driller and other personnel on site must be maintained at all times.

The depth to the water table may be estimated based on observations of core samples. The depth to water in nearby wells should also be measured prior to drilling. Air monitoring, soil-vapor, and soil samples are collected first, at specific depths or based on field observations.

Groundwater samples will then be collected, if applicable, at planned depth intervals or based on field observations.

SOP 2-2

Field notes or documentation should include the manufacture designation of the DP rig and the size and type of drilling equipment, including diameter and lengths of samplers, sample recovery and sample intervals. Special drilling and or sampling problems and observations during drilling will be recorded.

Project-specific plans and specific analytical methods must be consulted for the following information:

• Sample location identifiers

• The types and sizes of sample containers required

• The number of sample containers required for each analytical test

• The types and specification of sample preservatives

• The maximum holding times between sample collection and preparation/analysis for each analytical test

• The number and types of required field quality control samples

SOP 2-3

SOP 3 HOLLOW-STEM AUGER DRILLING

The Hollow-stem Auger (HSA) Drilling Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) outlines the procedures that must be followed when using the HSA method to advance a borehole for soil sampling and well installation. Sampling tools and monitoring wells may be installed through · the center of an auger, which maintains the integrity of the borehole and seals the surrounding formation from the sampler. This method may be used to collect soil samples for lithologic description, field screening, and geotechnical and chemical analyses prior to monitoring well installation. HSA drilling may also be used as an alternative technique to direct-push drilling, in the event that a direct-push tool cannot reach the desired depth.

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

• HSA drill rig equipped with a split-spoon, Shelby tube, or other continuous sampler

• Support vehicles

• Organic vapor analyzer (OVA), including photoionization detector (PID) or flame ionization detector (FID), as required

• Waste containers as specified in the Investigation Derived Waste (IDW) SOP

• Health and safety equipment as specified in the contractor's Health and Safety Plan and the PCD Site-Wide Safety and Health Plan (RUST, 1996) .

• Field forms

• Field notebook

• Project Work Plan & Subcontractor Scope of Services

• Water level indicator

• Munsell color chart

• Soil Classification chart, & standard grain size reference for sand

• Hand lens

• Pocket knife or small spatula

• Fiberglass tape

• Plastic bottle of dilute ( 1 0%) hydrochloric acid

• Standard decontamination supplies

• Analytical sample containers, coolers, & ice

• Chain of Custody (COC) as described in the COC SOP

PROCEDURE

1. Ensure that the Staking and Utility Clearance SOP has been followed and documented.

Ensure no utilities are directly overhead of planned drilling.

2. Convene a daily safety meeting.

3. Park the drill rig and support truck at the site. Prepare all waste containers as described in the IDW SOP for collection of materials to be discarded.

SOP 3-1

4. When the drill rig is placed on location, and during the early phases of drilling, ensure that the drill stern is vertical. Make frequent checks of the stern's alignment and adjust the rig as necessary to maintain a vertical borehole.

5. Samples may be collected using a split -spoon (drill stern), Shelby tube (drill stern), or continuous sampler (pushed ahead of drill bit). The procedures for using these samplers are as follows:

a) Split-spoons- At the desired sampling depth, a decontaminated split-spoon is attached to drive rods lowered to the bottom of the borehole. The sample is collected by driving the split-spoon sampler with the hammer (record the number of blows required for each 6 inches of the split spoon in the field notebook). The sampler is then retrieved and removed from the hole. ·

b) Shelby tubes - At the desired sampling depth, the drive rods or drill stem is removed from the borehole. A Shelby tube is attached to the drive rods and lowered to the bottom of the borehole. The sampler is then driven by the rig hydraulics or hammer to the bottom of the sample interval. After the sample has been collected, the drive rods will be retrieved and the sampler will be removed. Shelby tubes are for very sensitive geotechnical testing, and these test results can be influenced by improper handling. Shelby tubes should be capped and sealed with melted paraffin wax within 30 minutes of sampling. The top and bottom ofthe tube should be identified, as well as the measured recovery. Shelby tubes should be stored and shipped in an upright position, and care should be taken to prevent them from freezing prior to testing. The geologist should attempt to verify the material contained within the tube by inspection and classification of the soils exposed at the ends of the tube.

c) Continuous sampling - If extensive sampling is required in a borehole, a continuous sampler may be used. This requires the use of a special drill bit and stern that allow a split-barrel sampler to be lowered through the auger and locked into place just below the bottom of the drill bit. The sampler is pressed ahead of the drill bit as the borehole is advanced. The drill stern and attached sampler is then retrieved and removed from the hole.

6. Collect soil for headspace measurement, if applicable. The procedure is:

a) Place several inches of the soil core in a resealable plastic bag. Write the borehole number and sample depth on the bag.

b) Seal the bag with air enclosed and place in the sun. On cold days~ the dashboard of a vehicle parked in the sun is a good location to set the bag.

c) After the bag has set in the sun or in a warm vehicle for at least 15 minutes, open a short section of the top of the bag and insert the probe of the OVA. Do not allow the tip of the probe to contact the inside of the bag.

d) Record the OVA reading on the lithology log.

e) One alternate to the use of plastic bags is to use canning jars with the "ring" lid and aluminum foil to hold the soil. Fill the jar approximately half full with soil, place foil over the opening, and screw on the ring lid. After warming the·soil, push the probe tip through the foil to take the reading.

SOP 3-2

7. Samples for lithologic logging may be collected, if necessary, from the cuttings returned to the surface in boreholes where no analytical or geotechnical sampling is planned. This procedure can be complicated and is best done in areas were the soil lithology is known. It is best to conduct this activity with adjacent borehole logs as a reference to what is expected in the subsurface. The delay in which it takes for the material to reach the surface changes with depth. If this type oflogging is used to set wells that are required to reach the shale bedrock, the auger bit shall be inspected to verify that the bedrock has been encountered.

8. Visually inspect all drill cuttings, and prepare soil lithology field notes as described in the Soil Sampling SOP.

9. When the borehole has been drilled to the desired depth and sampling has been completed, abandon the borehole as described in the Borehole Abandonment SOP or construct a temporary or permanent well as described in the Monitoring Well Construction SOP.

10. Decontaminate all field equipment used during the drilling process as described in the Sampling Equipment Decontamination SOP.

11. Collect and manage the drilling wastes as specified in IDW SOP.

12. Complete all field forms and COC forms as described in the COC SOP.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Before each drilling event, the field manager shall conduct a site safety meeting to notify all field personnel of safety, emergency response, and evacuation procedures. Frequent and effective communication between the driller and other personnel on site must be maintained at all times.

The depth to the water table may be estimated based on observations of core samples. The depth to water in nearby wells should also be measured prior to drilling. Air monitoring, soil-vapor, and soil samples are collected first, at specific depths or based on field observations.

Groundwater samples will then be collected, if applicable, at planned depth intervals or based on field observations.

Project-specific plans and sp~cific analytical methods must be consulted for the following information:

• Sample location identifiers

• The types and sizes of sample containers required

• The number of sample containers required for each analytical test

• The types and specification of sample preservatives

• The maximum holding times between sample collection and preparation/analysis for each analytical test

• The number and types of required field quality control samples

SOP 3-3

SOP4 SOIL-VAPORSAMPLING

The Soil-Vapor Sampling Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) outlines the procedures that must be followed when collecting soil-vapor samples from boreholes, and permanent or temporary monitoring wells.

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

• Soil-vapor (or soil-gas) samples are collected using stainless steel evacuated sampling spheres (commonly referred to as Summa canisters), Tedlar® bags, or glass bulbs.

• Summa canister with sampling valve, Tedlar bag, or glass bulb

• Post-run tube (PRT) sampler, if required

• Sampling pump

• Polyethylene tubing

• Tygon® or silicon tubing

• Particulate filter

• Vacuum gauge

• Health and safety equipment as specified in the contractor's Health and Safety Plan and the PCD Site-Wide Safety and Health Plan (RUST, 1996)

• Waste containers as specified in the Investigation Derived Waste (IDW) SOP

• Field forms

• Field notebook

• Chain of Custody (COC) as described in the COC SOP

PROCEDURE

1. Ensure that the Staking and Utility Clearance SOP has been followed and documented.

Ensure no utilities are directly overhead of planned drilling.

2. Convene a daily safety meeting.

3. Park the support tnick and drill rig if applicable at the site. Prepare all waste containers for collecting discarded materials as described in the IDW SOP. Ensure that no vehicle or other internal combustion engine (i.e., generator, air compressor, etc.) is operating in the vicinity of the soil gas sampling. ·

Evacuated (Summa) Canister Procedure

1. Drill to the desired depth, if required.

2. Insert the PRT to the desired depth. An 0-ring on the bottom of the PRT seals the tube in the borehole or well casing, preventing the influx of atmospheric air into the sampling tube.

3. Calculate the sampling tube volume and purge the tubing with 2 to 4 tube volumes of vapor using the sampling pump.

SOP 4-1

4. Verify that the canister valve is closed.

5. Remove the brass plug from the canister and attach a stainless steel particulate filter to the canister valve, if applicable.

6. Attach the vacuum gauge tightly (if using a gauge with a ''tee" fitting, cap the side arm of the tee using the brass plug).

7. Open and close the canister valve for the gauge to register the level of vacuum present.

The canister must have a vacuum greater than 25 inches of mercury (Hg). Do not use canisters with lower vacuum levels.

8. Record the initial vacuum level on the COC.

9. Verify that the canister valve is closed and remove the vacuum gauge.

10. Attach the sample tube to a particulate filter, if applicable, then to the canister.

11. Begin sampling by opening the valve on the canister. Listen for air rushing into the canister and note the start time. It is not necessary to pump the sample into the canister, because the canister is under vacuum.

12. Allow the canister to equilibrate for 1 to 5 minutes and close the sampling valve.

13. Remove the particulate filter from the valve, and measure and record the final pressure on the sample COC.

14. Replace the brass plug.

15. Complete all field forms and COC forms as described in the COC SOP.

16. Collect and manage all wastes as specified in the IDW SOP.

Tedlar Bag or Glass Bulb Procedure

1. Drill to the desired depth, if required.

2. Insert the PRT to the desired depth. An 0-ring on the bottom of the PRT seals the tube in the borehole or well casing, preventing the influx of atmospheric air into the sampling tube.

3. Verify that the Tedlarbag or glass bulb is closed.

4. Calculate the sampling tube volume and purge the tubing with 2 to 4 tube volumes of vapor using the sampling pump.

5. Attach the sample tube from the pump to the particulate filter, and then attach the particulate filter to the sample container.

SOP 4-2

6. Begin sampling by opening the valve on the sample container. Begin pumping. Motor vehicles should not be running near the sample collection point.

7. When the sample container is full, close the sample valve and disconnect from the sample pump.

8. Complete all field forms and COC forms as described in the COC SOP.

9. Collect and manage all wastes as specified in the IDW SOP.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Before each soil-gas sampling event, the field manager shall conduct a site safety meeting to notify all field personnel of safety, emergency response, and evacuation procedures.

Project-specific plans and specific analytical methods must be consulted for the following information:

• Sample location identifiers

• The types and sizes or'sample containers required

• The number of sample containers required for each analytical test

• The types and specification of sample preservatives

• The maximum holding times between sample collection and preparation/analysis for each analytical test

• The number and types of required field quality control samples

SOP 4-3

SOP 5 SOIL SAMPLING

The Soil Sampling Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) outlines the procedures that must be followed when collecting soil samples for lithologic logging, geotechnical analysis, or chemical analysis. Soil samples can be collected using direct-push (DP) or hollow-stem auger (HSA) drilling techniques, or samples can be collected using various hand tools including shovels, hand augers, or other hand tools.

Soil Sampling for Lithologic Logging and Geotechnical Analysis Soil samples collected for lithologic logging are used to define subsurface geology. Specific geotechnical analyses may also be performed to further define geologic conditions.

Soil Sampling for Chemical Analysis Soil samples collected for field screening and chemical analysis are used to characterize the nature and extent of source area. contamination and composition.

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

Soil Sampling for Lithologic Logging and Geotechnical Analysis

• Backhoe, DP drill rig (e.g., Power probe, Thunder probe, Geo probe 1610D), HSA drill rig, hand auger

• Support vehicles

• Sampling equipment (e.g., split-spoon, Shelby tube, acetate liners)

• Organic vapor analyzer (OVA), including photoionization detector (PID) or flame ionization detector (FID), as required

• Waste containers as specified in the Investigation Derived Waste (IDW) SOP

• Health and safety equipment as specified in the contractor's Health and Safety Plan and the PCD Site-Wide Safety and Health Plan (RUST, 1996)

• Field forms, labels, indelible ink pen

• Field notebook

• Munsell soil color chart

• Hand lens

• Knife or spatula

• Plastic bottle of 10% hydrochloric acid for calcium carbonate testing

• Sample coolers

• Appropriate number and types of sample containers

• Chain of Custody (COC) as described in the COC SOP

Soil Sampling for Chemical Analysis, additional equipment

• Wet ice

• Decontamination supplies as described in the Sampling Equipment Decontamination

SOP

• Mixing bowls, spoons, etc.

SOP 5-l

PROCEDURE

1. Ensure that the Staking and Utility Clearance SOP has been followed and documented.

Ensure no utilities are directly overhead of planned drilling.

2. Convene a daily safety meeting.

3. Review available site-specific geological information, and previous drilling Within the sampling area. fuspect local outcrops of soil and bedrock, if possible.

4. Park the backhoe or drill rig and support truck at the site. Prepare all waste containers for collection of materials to be discarded as described in the IDW SOP. Clean all reusable sampling equipment using standard decontamination procedures as described in the Sampling Equipment Decontamination SOP.

Soil Sampling for Lithologic Logging and Geotechnical Analysis

1. If collecting soil with an HSA drill rig, record blow counts on the logging form. If using a DP drill rig, re~ord the relative penetration rates.

2. Retrieve the sample collection device from the borehole.

a) DP- remove the drive shoe, and cut the acetate liner to expose the sample.

b) HSA- remove the head assembly, and open the sampler carefully to avoid disturbing the soil sample.

c) Hand Auger - for auger barrel, turn unit upside down and shake soil out of auger onto a clean piece of plastic sheeting. For hammer tube, unscrew end and remove sleeve containing soil

Note: The upper portion of soil in the DP or HSA sampler potentially represents material that has fallen from above or has been scraped from the sides of the borehole; therefore, this portion is not representative of the sampling interval and should be discarded.

3. Collect soil for headspace measurement, if applicable. The procedure is:

a) Place several inches of the soil core in a resealable plastic bag. Write the borehole number and sample depth on the bag.

b) Seal the bag with air enclosed and place in the sun. On cold day~, the dashboard of a vehicle parked in the sun is a good location to set the bag. '

c) After the bag has set in the sun or in a warm vehicle for at least 15 minutes, open a short section ofthe top ofthe bag and insert the probe of the OVA. Do not allow the tip of the probe to contact the inside of the bag.

d) Record the OVA reading on the lithology log.

e) One alternate to the use ofplastic bags is to use canning jars with the "ring" lid and aluminum foil to hold the soil. Fill the jar approximately half full with soil, place foil over the opening, and screw on the ring lid. After warming the soil, push the probe tip through the foil to take the reading.

SOP 5-2

4. Measure entire sample core length and record the recovery on the drilling log. Mark lithologic changes on the drilling form.

5. Identify the soil type.

6. Record descriptions of the soil on the drilling log form, in accordance with ASTM D-2487-83 (Table 1). Include the following descriptive information:

a) Soil type and grain size

b) Consistency or density

c) Soil color

d) Moisture content

e) Plasticity (non-plastic, low, medium, high) ·

f) Cohesiveness (cohesive or non-cohesive)

g) Angularity and shape ofparticles (if a sand or gravel)

h) Sorting (if a sand or gravel)

i) Cementation

j) Miscellaneous descriptors (roots, nodules, odors, etc.)

k) Depositional environment

7. Bedrock logging will include the following written descriptions:

a) Lithology

b) Color

c) Texture (including grain size, roundness, and sorting)

d) Cementation and/or matrix materials

e) Accessory minerals

f) Hardness

g) Strength

h) Weathering

i) Sedimentary/structural features

j) Fractures (orientation, length, aperture, filling)

k) Depositional environment

8. Decontaminate sampling equipment after each use as described in the Sampling Equipment Decontamination SOP.

9. Collect and manage all waste material as described in the IDW SOP.

10. Complete all field forms and COC forms as described in the COC SOP.

Soil Sampling for Chemical Analysis

1. Retrieve the sample collection device from the borehole.

a) DP- remove the drive shoe, and cut the acetate line~ to expose the sample.

SOP 5-3

b) HSA - remove the head assembly, and open the sampler carefully to avoid disturbing the soil sample.

c) Hand Auger- for auger barrel, turn unit upside down and shake soil out of auger onto a clean piece of plastic s)leeting. For hammer tube, unscrew end and remove sleeve containing soil.

Note: The upper portion of soil in the DP or HSA sampler potentially represents material that has fallen from above or has been scraped from the sides of the borehole; therefore, this portion is not representative of the sampling interval and should be discarded.

2. Collect soil for headspace measurement, if applicable. The procedure is:

a) Place several inches of the soil core in a resealable plastic bag. Write the borehole number and sample depth on the bag.

b) Seal the bag with air enclosed and place in the sun. On cold days, the dashboard of a vehicle park~d in the sun is a good location to set the bag.

c) After the bag has set in the sun or in a warm vehicle for at least 15 minutes, open a short section of the top ofthe bag and insert the probe ofthe OVA. Do not allow the tip ofthe probe to contact the inside of the bag.

d) Record the OVA reading on the lithology log.

e) One alternate to the use of plastic bags is to use canning jars with the "ring" lid and aluminum foil to hold the soil. Fill the jar approximately half full with soil, place foil over the opening, and screw on the ring lid. After warming the soil, push the probe tip through the foil to take the reading.

3. When retrieving a split-spoon sleeve or Shelby tube sampler, seal the ends with paraffin tape or Teflon tape and polyethylene end caps. Then, seal the caps with tape to prevent moisture loss. If the sample does not completely fill the split-spoon sleeve, remove the empty section with a hacksaw or pack it with plastic before capping.

4. For an acetate liner, after the sample has been retrieved, cut the liner longitudinally and place the soil in sample container and immediately close the container. Alternately, cut a length of the tube and seal the ends for shipment to the laboratory.

5. Collect samples to be analyzed for VOCs first to minimize the potential for loss of constituents. Collect a sufficient amount of soil to completely fill the VOC sample container (leaving little or no headspace), and then close it with a Teflon®-lined septum lid. If field QC samples (i.e., field duplicates and/or matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate) are to be collected at this location, collect those VOC samples next. Motor vehicles or other internal combustion engines should not be operating near sample collection areas.

6. Following completion of the VOC sampling thoroughly mix the remaining soil in stainless steel bowls. If field QC samples are to be collected at this location, ensure

SOP 5-4

enough soil is collected to fill all required containers. Mix the soil mass to eliminate clumps by stirring and mixing opposite quarters of the soil to achieve a homogenized mixture. Take equal portions of soil from each quadrant of the soil mixture to fill the sample containers.

7. If required by the work plan, collect distinct grab samples from stained or visually impacted soil media and scan the samples with an OVA. Record the reading on the drilling log.

8. If free product is evident in the soil sample, attempt to remove this material from the sample, if required by the work plan.

9. Attach a completed sample label to the container, and wrap the container with protective packing and place it in the sample cooler.

10. Decontaminate sampling equipment after each use as described in the Sampling Equipment Decontamination SOP. Collect an equipment blank (rinse blank) from decontaminated, reusable sampling equipment (i.e., split spoons) once each day by pouring deionized water over the sampling equipment, catching the water in sample containers. The equipment blank sample suite should be the same as the investigative sample suite.

11. Collect and manage all waste material as specified in the IDW SOP.

12. Complete all field forms and COC forms as described in the COC SOP.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Before each soil sampling event, the field manager shall conduct a site safety meeting to notify all field personnel of safety, emergency response, and evacuation procedures. Frequent and effective communication between the equipment operators and other p'ersonnel on site must be maintained at all times.

·The attached Drilling Log includes the required minimum information. Contractors may use another format if desired.

Project-specific plans and specific analytical methods must be consulted for the following information:

• Sample location identifiers .

• The types and sizes of sample containers required

• The number of sample containers required for each analytical test

• The types and specification of sample preservatives

• The maximum holding times between sample collection and preparation/analysis for each analytical test

• The number and types of required field quality control samples

SOP 5-5

TABLE 1

CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS

ASTM DESIGNATION: D2487-83

(Based on Unified Soil Classification System)

CRITERIA FOR ASSIGNING GROUP

SYMBOLS AND GROUP NAMES A SOIL CLASSIFICATION

MAJOR DIVISIONS GROUP TYPICAL NAMES a

SYMBOLS

GRAVEL CLEAN GRAVELS GW Well graded gravel,E gravel-sand mixture

(More than 50% (<5% fines) c of coarse GP Poorly graded gravel,E gravel-sand fraction is mixture.

COARSE smaller than GRAINED the No.4 GRAVELS WITH GM Silty gravel,EFG gravel-sand-silt mixture SOILS sieve size) FINES

(More than 50% ~12%finesf GC Clayey gravel,EFG gravel-sand-clay mixture of material is larger than No. 200 sieve size) sw Well graded sand,H gravelly sand

SANDS CLEAN SANDS

(More than 50% (:55% fines)0 SP Poorly graded sand,H gravelly sand of coarse fraction is larger than

SANDS WITH SM Silty sand,FGH sand-silt mixture the No.4 sieve size) FINES

(~12% fines)0 sc Clayey sand,FGH sand-clay mixture

Lean clay,w;.. inorganic clay oflow-medium SILTS & CLAYS CL plasticity, gravelly clay, sandy clay, silty clay

FINE inorganic SiltuK and very fine sand, rock flour, silty or GRAINED (Liquid limit <50) ML clayey fines sands or clayey silts with slight SOILS plasticity

(More than 50% of organic OL Organic clay'JK. oflowplasticity organic silt UK of low plasticity material is smaller than No. 200 sieve SILTS & CLAYS CH Fat clay,uK inorgani~ clay of high plasticity size) inorganic Elastic silt,uK. inorganic silt, micaceous or

(Liquid limit >50) MH diatomaceous fine sandy or silty soils organic OH Organic clay uK. of medium to high plasticity organic silt UK

Highly Organic Soils PT Peat and other highly organic soils

SOP 5-6

A- Based on the material passing the 3-in (75mm) sieve.

B- If field sample contained cobbles or boulders, or both add "with cobbles or boulders, or both" to group name.

C- Gravels with 5 to 12% fines required duel symbols:

• GW-GM well-graded gravel with silt

• GW-GC well-graded gravel with clay

• GP-GM poorly graded gravel with silt

• GP-GC poorly graded gravel with clay

D- Sands with 5 to 12% fines require dual symbols

• SW-SM well-graded sand with silt

• SW-SC well-graded sand with clay

• SP-SM poorly graded sand with silt

• SP-SC poorly graded sand with clay

E- If soil contains ;:: 15% sand, add "with sand" to group name.

F- If fines classify as CL-ML, use dual symbol GC-GM, or SC-SM.

G- If fines are organic, add "with organic fines" to group name.

H- If soil contains;:: 15% gravel add ''with gravel" to group name.

1- If soil contains 15 to 29% plus No. 200, add ''with sand" or ''with gravel" whichever is predominant.

J- If soil contains;:: 30% plus No. 200, predominantly sand, add "sandy" to group name.

K-If soil contains ;:: 30% plus No. 200. predominantly gravel, add "gravelly" to group name.

SOP 5-7

JOBNUMBER: ---------------------------------------------

JOB NAME AND LOCATION: -------------------------------------

DRILLfNGCOMPANY: -----------------------------------------

LICENSE: --------------------------------------------------

NUMBER OF SOIL BORfNGS: ------------------------------------

NUMBER OF MONITORING WELLS INSTALLED -----------------------

DAn.. Y DRILLING LOG for ------------------- Page ____ of __ __ Date

WEATHERCONDITIONS: ------------------------------------

STARTTIME: -----------------------------------------------

ENDTIME: -----------------------------------------------

HOURSOFSTANDBY: ----------------------------------------

HOURS OF DOWNTIME: -----------------------------------------

DECONTIME: -----------------------------------------------

TOTALHOURS: ------------------------------------------

TOTAL WORKING HOURS: -------------------------------------

WELL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

NUMBEROFCORE WELL

BOREHOLE/ BORING GROUNDWATER

WELL NUMBER DEPTH DEPTH BAGS BAGS BAGS

SAND BENTONITE PELLETS

DRILL CREW PERSONNEL: -------------------------------------

OTHER PERSONNEL ON-SITE: ---------------------------------

CONTRACTORREPRESENTATIVES: ------~---------------------

TOTALFOOTAGEDRILLED: -----------------------------------

-.. DR/LUNG

BAGS SCREEN CASING TIME SAMPLES DEVELOPMENT

CEMENT TIME

RIGTYPE: -----------------------------------------------

AUGER TYPE:--------------------------------------------

CASING AND SCREEN MATERIALS: ----------------------------

SCREENLENGTHANDSLOTSIZE: ------------------------------

CORES~E: ---------------------------------------------

FACILITY CONTACT: ----------------------------------------

PHONE: -------------------------------------------------

PROBLEMS: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CO~ENTS: ----------------------------------------------------------------------~----------------------------------

SIGNATURE: -------------------------------------------------------

DATE: ______________ _

LOCID

Litho)Q2Y Log Sheet of PrqectName Pr~ect Number LTCCODE SITEID l.J>RCODE

Drilling Company jDrli1er Ground Elevation Total Depth Drilled !Total~Xp!h Losged

Drilling Equipment 'Drilling Method iccehdc Diameta- Date/11me Drilling Started D3fcfl'imc Total De¢! Reathed

'lYPe of S~Blqiing Devite W3fa" Level (.bgs)

'First Fmal

Sample Hammer Hydrogeol ogist Cll«kcd byJD:M

'JYpc Drivingwt. Drop

Locatim Desaiption (include liketd! in :field logbook)

Description Estimau% of Remarks

-a 41 i:i ~ i '>I ~ 6 g ~ (Include lithology, grnin size. sorting. ~. Mtmse\1 color 0 j £

<! 0

A ~ name & not ali on, min ecology, beddiug, plamdo/, derulity. fl t Qndude an sample types & dePth, odor, organic 0 >.::1 ~ iii consistency, etc., as applicable) < Gr .Sa Fi vapoc mearomntota. etc.)

f- f-f- f-f- f-f- f-r- 1--f- f-f- f-

1- f-

1- 1-

1- 1-

1- 1-

1- f-

1- f-

1- f-

1-- 1--f- f-f-

1- i-

1- f-

LOCID

Litholo: o- Loe (continued) Sheet of Descripti oo Ert>tnate% of Remarks

~ -ll i:l j

1 "ll ; 0 € i e (Include lithology, 8f11in size, satins, aogul!U'i!y, Munsell color 0 0 g

'0' 0

A ,!l ~ it name & nctatioo, minerology, beddWg, (ia!tici!y, deruity, ~ t (Indude all sampe types & depth, oar, «gani c <> ll iii cOOii!tency, etc., as applicable) ~ Or Sa Fi vap" mearurement!i etc.)

1- f-

I- ~

1- ~

1-

~ 1-

1- 1-i

~ 1--

1- 1-t- 1-t- 1-t- f-

1- 1-- - 1-

1- - 1- 1-

1- 1-

1-- I-

1- 1-

1- 1-

·I- 1-

1- 1-

SOP 6 MONITORING WELL CONSTRUCTION

The Monitoring Well Construction Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) outlines the procedures that must be followed when constructing monitoring wells in unconfined aquifers.

Temporary monitoring wells will be installed in a manner similar to permanent monitoring wells, except they may be constructed with l-inch or 1.5-inch diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) without cement grout or a surface completion.

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

• Direct-push (DP) drill rig (3 .25-inch diameter maximum borehole) or hollow-stem auger(HSA)

• Grout mixing and pumping equipment

• Schedule-40 PVC well screen and casing, and appropriate ends and caps. Alternate construction materials, stainless steel or black iron well construction materials, may be required by project-specific plans

• Washed silica filter sand of an appropriate gradation to the screen slot size

• Sodium bentonite pellets, chips, or slurry

• Portland cement

• Locking steel protective casing and guard posts, or flush mount well boxes and locking well caps

• Concrete

• Monitoring well construction diagrams

• Weighted measuring tape

• Electric water-level meter

• Waste containers as specified in the Investigation Derived Waste (IDW) SOP

• Health and safety equipment as specified in the contractor's Health and Safety Plan and the PCD Site-Wide Safety and Health Plan (RUST, 1996)

• Field forms, labels, indelible ink pen

• Field notebook

PROCEDURE

1. Ensure that the Staking and Utility Clearance SOP has been followed and documented.

Ensure no utilities are directly overhead of planned drilling.

2. Convene a daily safety meeting.

3. Park the drill rig and support truck at the site. Prepare all waste containers as described in the IDW SOP for collection of materials to be discarded.

Direct Push Installation:

1. Push the drill rod to the predetermined depth or zone.

SOP 6-1

2. At the desired depth, set the drive casing and check the depth to water and the depth to the bottom of the borehole to confirm that the well will be installed at the correct depth.

3. Immediately prior to well installation, remove the well screen and riser from the packaging and check it for imperfections and obvious contamination (e. g., oil or ink).

Clean the material if necessary, or use alternate materials.

4. Attach the end cap to the screen bottom, and suspend the screen inside the drive casing.

Slowly lower the well screen to a point low enough to allow a section of riser to be screwed to the top of the screen.

Note: 1.5-inch diameter is the largest well that can be installed through the 3.25-inch diameter push rod. Prepacked well screens must be used, as sand and bentonite cannot be poured through the push rod without bridging.

5. Continue attaching riser sections until the well is at the desired depth. When complete, the top of the well should be approximately 3 inches below the ground surface for a flush completion well and approximately 2.5 feet above the ground surface for an above-ground completion well.

6. Remove the push rod and pour at least 2 feet of bentonite into the well annulus.

Hydrate the bentonite with clean water for at least Y:t hour.

7. If the monitoring well is to be permanent, prepare a cement/bentonite grout mix (3 to 5 pounds of bentonite should be mixed with 6.5 gallons of water per 94 pound bag of cement), and pour it into the well annulus to the ground surface.

8. For temporary monitoring wells, bentonite may be used to the ground surface to seal the well.

9. Ensure well completion and borehole information is entered into Pueblo Chemical Depot's (PCD) Environmental Database.

Hollow Stem Auger Installation:

1. Auger to the predetermined depth or zone.

2. At the desired depth, halt auger advancement and check the depth to water and the depth to the bottom of the borehole to confirm that the well will be in,stalled at the correct depth.

3. Immediately prior to well installation, remove the well screen and riser from the packaging and check it for imperfections and obvious contamination (e.g., oil or ink).

Clean the material if necessary, or use alternate materials.

4. Attach the end cap to the screen bottom, and suspend the screen inside the drive casing.

Slowly lower the well screen to a point low enough to allow a section of riser to be screwed to the top of the screen.

SOP 6-2

5. Continue attaching riser sections until the well is at the desired depth. When complete, the top of the well should be approximately 3 inches below the ground surface for a flush completion well and approximately 2.5 feet above the ground surface for an aboveground completion well.

6. Cover the open top of the well casing with tape to prevent sand, bentonite, or grout from entering the well casing. A slip cap should not be used because it may be knocked off while lifting the auger flights.

7. Begin pouring silica sand slowly through the open top of the auger. Check the depth to sand continuously using a weighted tape.

8. As the sand level rises, slowly retract the auger flights so that the bottom of the auger bit is below the top of the filter sand.

9. Check the depth to the top of the filter pack and verify that it is 2 feet above the top of the well screen. Add additional sand, as required.

10. When the sand is at the desired height, begin pouring or pumping bentonite (slurry) between the augers and well. Pour the bentonite slowly to prevent bridging. Check the height of the bentonite continuously as the augers are lifted. Bentonite should be placed at least 2 feet above the top of the filter pack. If the bentonite is installed above the water table, add clean potable water and allow the bentonite to hydrate for at least Y2 hour. If the bentonite seal is installed below the water table, coated pellet bentonite should be used to allow the material to settle through the water before expanding.

11. When the bentonite seal has hydrated, place the side-discharging tremmie pipe in the auger and attach it to the grout pump. Ensure that the bottom of the pipe is between 3 and 5 feet from the top of the bentonite.

12. If the monitoring well is to be permanent, prepare a cement/bentonite grout mix (3 to 5 pounds ofbentonite should be mixed with 6.5 gallons of water per 94 pound bag of cement), and begin pumping it into the borehole. Continue pumping the mix until it is visible at the top of the borehole. Bentonite may be used to grout temporary wells.

13. Completely retract the auger. If the grout has fallen below the top of the borehole, add additional grout to bring the grout level up to the ground surface.

14.-Allow the grout to cure for a minimum of24 hours.

15. To complete the well,

a) For a stick-up completion, place a form approximately% foot high and 3 feet square around the well, then set a locking protective casing in the borehole over the well casing. The ideal height for a stick-up well is 2.5 feet for the well casing and 3 feet for the protective casing. Pour concrete into the form and smooth the concrete so that it slopes gently away from the well. Drill a 1116..: to 1/8-inch weep hole in the protective casing 1 to 2 inches above the concrete pad.

SOP 6-3

b) For a flush completion (flush to the ground surface), place a well vault box in the borehole and set with concrete.

16. Protective posts (bollards) shall be installed ifthere is a risk of inadvertent damage to the well from vehicles or other equipment. If necessary, set bollards at the comers of the concrete pad at the stick-up wells. Set the bollards in postholes that are at least 18 inches deep. The bollards should extend 3 feet above the surface. Pour concrete into the posts and the postholes. Bring the concrete in the posthole no higher than 2 to 3 inches below ground level, so that soil can be added to fill the hole to ground surface after the concrete cures.

17. Write the well identification number on the PVC well cap with an indelible marker.

Paint the well number on the stick-up protective casing, or attach a plate bearing the well information to the protective casing. Place a lock on the protective casing (stick up completion) or on a locking well cap (flush completion). Place a tag with the well information in the well vault box.

18. Collect and manage w~stes as specified in the IDW SOP.

19. Complete all field forms.

20. Ensure well completion and borehole information is entered into PCD's Environmental Database.

Comments Measure the lengths ofwell materials carefully. Careful, precise depth measurements and pouring sand and bentonite slowly are the keys to superior well construction.

The well completion is a permanent feature that will be visible and obvious. Make completions neat and attractive. Ifa well riser needs to be cut to achieve the proper height, it should be cut before installation or with a pipe cutter after installation to minimize PVC shavings entering the well. Ensure that the cut is even and leveL

Monitoring wells installed on PCD are not required to be permitted through the Colorado State Engineer's Office, (303) 866-3581. However, the well location (UTM or Section, Township, Range, and distances from sections lines) and construction date and information must be submitted to the PCD Environmental Management Office. A well construction report must be maintained using the forms supplied by the State Engineer's Office or an equivalent form. PCD will supply to the State Engineer and the Division Engineer a list of wells that were constructed or abandoned in the previous calendar year.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Before each field event, a site safety meeting must be conducted by the field manager to notify all field personnel of safety, emergency response, and evacuation procedures. Frequent and effective communication between the drill operator and other personnel on site must be maintained at all times.

SOP 6-4

The attached Drilling Log and Well Construction Diagrams include the required minimum information. Contractors may use another format if desired.

SOP 6-5

JOBNUMBER: ---------------------------------------------

JOB NAME AND LOCATION: -----------------------------------

DRILLING COMPANY: --------------------------------------

LICENSE: ------------------------------------------------

NUMBER OF SOIL BORINGS: -----------------------------------

NUMBER OF MONITORING WELLS INSTALLED -----------------------

DAILY DRILLING LOG for------------------- Page ___ of __ _ Date

WEATHERCONDITIONS: --------------------------------------

STARTTIME: ---------------------------------------------

END TIME:--------------------------------------------------

HOURSOFSTANDBY: ----------------------------------------

HOURSOFDOWNTIME: --------------------------------------

DECONTIME: ---------------------------------------------

TOTALHOURS: --------------------------------------------

TOTAL WORKING HOURS: ----------------------~----------'----

WELL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

NUMBER OF CORE WELL BOREHOLE/ BORING GROUNDWATER

WELL NUMBER DEPTH DEPTH BAGS BAGS BAGS

SAND BENTONITE PELLETS

D~LLCREWPERSONNEL: ------------------------------------

OTHER PERSONNEL ON-SITE:…