FJ_LDH_Part_I.pdf

FORT JACKSON

LAND DISTURBANCE HANDBOOK

FIRST EDITION - JULY 2004

REVISED - SEPTEMBER 2010

REVISED – MAY 2013

REVISED – DECEMBER 2014

REVISED – DECEMBER 2015

REVISED – FEBRUARY 2016

REVISED – MAY 2017

Prepared for Fort Jackson Directorate of Public Works – Environmental Division (DPW-ENV) in accordance with South Carolina Regulations and the USEPA NPDES Stormwater Program

Prepared by: Woolpert Inc.

Fort Jackson

March 2017 Land Disturbance

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Title Page #

Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... vi

1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Purpose of the Handbook ..................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Description and Use of the Manual ..................................................................... 1-2

1.3 Design Handbook Organization ........................................................................... 1-2

1.4 Updates to the Design Handbook ........................................................................ 1-3

1.5 The Need for Stormwater Management ............................................................... 1-3

1.5.1 Effects of Development on Watershed Hydrology .................................. 1-3

1.5.2 Innovative Design Approach ................................................................... 1-4

1.5.3 Best Site Design Practices and Site Planning Process ............................. 1-5

1.5.3.1 Maintaining Site Resources and Natural Undisturbed Areas ... 1-5

1.5.3.2 Lower Impact Site Layout Techniques ..................................... 1-5

1.5.3.3 Reduction of Impervious Cover ................................................ 1-6

1.5.3.4 Utilization of Natural Features for Stormwater Management .. 1-6

1.5.3.5 Engineered/Proprietary Devices ............................................... 1-7

1.6 Stormwater Management Regulations and Policies ............................................ 1-7

1.6.1 Stormwater Related Regulations and Permits.......................................... 1-7

1.6.1.1 Clean Water Act ........................................................................ 1-7

1.6.1.2 South Carolina Pollution Control Act ....................................... 1-8

1.6.1.3 South Carolina Stormwater Management and Sediment

Reduction Act ........................................................................... 1-8

1.6.1.4 NPDES Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with

Industrial Activity ..................................................................... 1-8

1.6.1.5 NPDES MS4 General Permit SCR300000 ............................... 1-9

1.7 Contact Information ............................................................................................. 1-9

1.8 Fees .................................................................................................................... 1-10

1.9 Definitions.......................................................................................................... 1-10

2.0 Stormwater Permitting Procedures .................................................................................. 2-1

2.1 Overview .............................................................................................................. 2-1

2.2 Minimum Requirements for Development .......................................................... 2-1

2.2.1 Applicability ............................................................................................ 2-1

2.2.1.1 SCDHEC Land Disturbance Checklist ..................................... 2-1

2.2.1.2 Technical Report ....................................................................... 2-2

2.2.2 Exemptions .............................................................................................. 2-2

2.2.3 Blanket Utility Coverage ......................................................................... 2-3

2.2.4 Spill Prevention Plans .............................................................................. 2-4

2.2.5 Steps for Successful Stormwater Management Plans .............................. 2-4

2.2.5.1 Pre-Submittal Site Meeting ....................................................... 2-4

2.2.5.2 Review of Site Development Requirements ............................. 2-5

2.2.5.3 Detailed Site Analysis ............................................................... 2-5

2.2.5.4 Creation of a SWPPP ................................................................ 2-6

2.2.5.5 Approval and Completion of the SWPPP ............................... 2-10

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2.3 Requirements for Routine Activities and Maintenance…………………..……2-10

2.4 Submittal Requirements for Sites with Less than 1 Acre Disturbed ................. 2-14

2.5 Submittal Requirements for Sites with Greater than or Equal to 1 Acre

Disturbed ................................................................................................. 2-15

2.5.1 Land Disturbance Permit Submittal Package Contents ......................... 2-16

2.5.2 Stormwater Facility Ownership and Maintenance ................................. 2-16

2.5.2.1 Ownership ............................................................................... 2-16

2.5.2.2 Maintenance ............................................................................ 2-16

2.6 Plan Submittal, Review, and Approval Process................................................. 2-16

2.6.1 Plan Submittal ........................................................................................ 2-16

2.6.2 Plan Review Period ................................................................................ 2-16

2.6.3 Waivers and Variances .......................................................................... 2-16

2.6.3.1 Water Quantity Waiver ........................................................... 2-17

2.6.4 Incomplete Stormwater Management Permit Applications ................... 2-17

2.6.5 Plan Approval and Final Submittal ........................................................ 2-18

2.6.5.1 Notification of Work ............................................................... 2-18

2.7 Construction Requirements ................................................................................ 2-18

2.7.1 Non-Numeric Effluent Limits ................................................................ 2-19

2.7.2 Record Keeping ..................................................................................... 2-23

2.7.3 Major and Minor Modifications............................................................. 2-23

2.7.3.1 Major Modifications ............................................................... 2-23

2.7.3.2 Minor Modifications ............................................................... 2-24

2.7.4 Deviations from Approved Plans ........................................................... 2-25

2.7.5 As-Built Requirements........................................................................... 2-25

2.8 Stormwater Controls: Installation, Inspection, and Maintenance ..................... 2-26

3.0 Design Standards ............................................................................................................. 3-1

3.1 Purpose and Intent................................................................................................ 3-1

3.2 General Design Standards .................................................................................... 3-1

3.2.1 General ..................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2.1.1 Site Design ................................................................................ 3-2

3.2.1.2 Hydrologic Computation Requirements ................................... 3-3

3.2.1.2.1 Inputs ........................................................................ 3-3

3.2.1.2.2 Recommended Methodologies ................................. 3-4

3.2.1.2.3 Hydrographs ............................................................ 3-5

3.2.1.3 Water Quantity Control Requirements ..................................... 3-6

3.2.1.3.1 Accepted Storage Controls ..................................... 3-9

3.2.1.3.2 Design Procedures ................................................ 3-10

3.2.1.4 Water Quality Control Requirements ..................................... 3-10

3.2.1.4.1 Water Quality BMPs ............................................. 3-11

3.2.1.5 Buffer Zone Management ....................................................... 3-14

3.2.1.5.1 Buffer Zone Management Requirements .............. 3-14

3.2.1.5.2 Buffer Zone Management Compliance Options ... 3-15

3.2.1.5.3 Exceptions ............................................................. 3-16

3.2.1.5.4 Exemptions ........................................................... 3-16

3.2.1.5.5 Buffer Maintenance .............................................. 3-17

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3.2.1.6 Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control Requirements ...... 3-17

3.2.1.6.1 Design Removal Efficiency Goal ......................... 3-19

3.2.1.6.2 Alternative Erosion Prevention and Sediment

Control BMPs ....................................................... 3-19

3.2.1.6.3 Design Procedures ................................................ 3-20

3.2.1.6.4 Erosion Prevention Measures ............................... 3-20

3.2.1.6.5 Temporary Sediment Control Measures ............... 3-21

3.2.1.6.6 Runoff Controls and Conveyance Measures......... 3-23

3.2.1.6.7 Permanent Vegetation ........................................... 3-24

3.2.1.7 Stormwater Drainage System Design ..................................... 3-25

3.2.1.7.1 Design Requirements ............................................ 3-25

3.2.1.8 Open Channel Hydraulics ....................................................... 3-27

3.2.1.9 100-year Floodplain ................................................................ 3-29

3.2.1.9.1 Floodplain Policy .................................................. 3-29

3.2.1.9.2 Floodplain Standards ............................................ 3-30

3.2.1.9.3 Floodplain Study General Criteria ........................ 3-31

3.2.1.9.4 Floodplain Study Submittal Criteria ..................... 3-32

4.0 Inspections & Enforcement.............................................................................................. 4-1

4.1 Fort Jackson Stormwater Inspections .................................................................. 4-1

4.1.1 Fort Jackson Stormwater Management Inspector Duties /

Responsibilities ........................................................................................ 4-2

4.1.2 Inspection Process and Procedures .......................................................... 4-3

4.2 Permittee Inspection Responsibilities .................................................................. 4-3

4.3 Enforcement ......................................................................................................... 4-4

5.0 EISA Overview and Purpose ........................................................................................... 5-1

5.1 EISA Section 438 Requirements ......................................................................... 5-1

5.1.1 Option 1: Retain the 95th Percentile Rainfall Event ................................. 5-1

5.1.2 Option 2: Site Specific Hydrologic Analysis ........................................... 5-2

5.1.2.1 Fort Jackson Option 2 Performance Objectives....................... 5-2

5.1.2.1.1 Post-Development Pollutant Loads ......................... 5-3

5.1.2.1.2 Redevelopment Requirements ................................ 5-3

5.1.3 Technical Infeasibility ............................................................................. 5-4

5.2 Documentation & Submittal Requirements ......................................................... 5-4

6.0 References ........................................................................................................................ 6-1

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Appendix Sections

Appendix A: Fort Jackson Spill Prevention Plan ..................................................................... A-1

Appendix B: Current Construction Project Review & Enforcement Procedures......................B-1

Appendix C: Fort Jackson Soil Map .........................................................................................C-1

Appendix D: USGS Regression Equations for Central South Carolina ................................... D-1

Appendix E: Standard Drawings ............................................................................................... E-1

Appendix F: Permanent Vegetation Guidance.......................................................................... F-1

Appendix G: BMP Usage Guidance ......................................................................................... G-1

Appendix H: Contractor Certification Form............................................................................. H-1

Appendix I: Fort Jackson Hazardous Material Waste Management Plan................................. I-1

Appendix J: Sediment Basin Design Instructions ..................................................................... J-1

Appendix K: Fort Jackson Construction Inspection Template ................................................. K-1

Appendix L: Rainfall Record Log ............................................................................................. L-1

Appendix M: Pre-Construction Conference Log ...................................................................... M-1

Appendix N: Soil Stabilization Log ......................................................................................... N-1

Appendix O: Contractor and Subcontractor Log ...................................................................... O-1

Appendix P: Modification Log ................................................................................................. P-1

Appendix Q: Construction Inspection Log ............................................................................... Q-1

Appendix R: SCDHEC SWPPP Checklist ................................................................................R-1

Appendix S: 95th Percentile Event Calculations ....................................................................... S-1

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Acronyms AB-NOI Annual Blanket Notice of Intent

BMP Best Management Practices

BSDP Best Site Design Practices

CGP Construction General Permit

CWA Clean Water Act

DOC Directorate of Contracting

DoD Department of Defense

DPW Directorate of Public Works

ECB Erosion Control Blankets

EISA Energy Independence and Security Act

EPSC Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control

FEMA Federal Emergency management Agency

LCP Larger Common Plan

LID Low Impact Development

MEP Maximum Extent Possible

METF Maximum Extent Technically Feasible

MOI Memorandum of Instruction

MSL Mean Sea Level

MS4 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System

NCDC National Climatic Data Center

NOI Notice of Intent

NOV Notice of Violation

NOW Notice of Work

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service

OS-SWPPP On-Site Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan

PCA Pollution Control Act (South Carolina 1970)

SCDHEC South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control

SMSRA Stormwater Management and Sediment Reduction Act (South Carolina 1991)

SPP Spill Prevention Plan

SWMP Stormwater Management Program

SWPPP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan

TRM Turf Reinforced Mat

TSS Total Suspended Solids

USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers

USDA United States Department of Agriculture

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

USGS United States Geological Survey

WLA Waste Load Allocation

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Purpose

The purpose of the Fort Jackson Land Disturbance Handbook (Handbook) is to educate potential engineers, architects, contractors and any others in the manner in which land development activities will be conducted. The main focus of the Handbook is the proper control of runoff in terms of quantity and quality. Details of the submittal and permitting process are also provided.

Need for the Handbook

The Handbook will provide consistency in plan submittals that are part of any land disturbance activity as well as address some of the issue that Fort Jackson faces under the NPDES General

Permit SCS0000000 requirements. Fort Jackson has obtained the equivalent of delegated review responsibilities from SCDHEC for land disturbance activities, and this Handbook will assist reviewers and planners for Fort Jackson with the design that will simplify the process for complying with the NPDES permit and ensuring the protection of lands.

Organization

This Handbook is sectioned into the following chapters:

Chapter 1 – Introduction: Covers the broad perspective on why and how this Handbook was created. Details on the history of the NPDES program and compliance issues are discussed.

Chapter 2 – Stormwater Permitting Procedures: Lists all of the requirements that are to be in any submittal package for land disturbance activities and the submittal process.

Chapter 3 – Design Standards: Provides the design standards and the types of information that

Fort Jackson requires in any submittal package for land disturbance activities. These include design specifics for storm sewer, erosion control, BMPs, culverts, detention ponds, or other structural portions of the drainage system.

Chapter 4 – Inspection and Enforcement Procedures: Defines the necessary inspection and reporting requirements for construction and post construction projects. It also details the enforcement measures available when a construction site is not in compliance.

Chapter 5 – EISA Overview and Purpose: Provides information pertaining to Section 438 of the

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) as it relates to stormwater runoff and the development or redevelopment of facilities on Fort Jackson.

Chapter 6 – References: Lists all references used or mentioned in the Handbook. These include documents that provide greater detail on methodologies, the NPDES program, BMPs design, and many others.

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Limitations

This Handbook was not intended to be a single source document for performing the required civil engineering calculations that will be necessary to comply with the land disturbance requirements of Fort Jackson. Instead, the information will provide many of the inputs required for those calculations. The reason for this approach was to simplify the process. For example, including information on how to calculate a peak flow, which is fully documented and available, is redundant and inefficient. The Reference section provides links to this and many other types of information.

FORT JACKSON LAND DISTURBANCE HANDBOOK

CHAPTER 1

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of the Handbook

The purpose of the Fort Jackson Land Disturbance Handbook (Handbook) is to provide engineers, plan reviewers, inspectors, and contractors involved in land development within the boundaries of the Unites States Army Basic Training Facility at Fort Jackson with the following information:

Land disturbance requirements;

Stormwater management requirements;

Summarization of the permit application submittal requirements and approval process; and

Guidelines for designing, implementing, and maintaining stormwater best management practices (BMPs) and low-impact development (LID) techniques to improve water quality, prevent illicit discharges, and minimize stormwater runoff impacts due to increased flow volumes and peak discharge rates from developed areas;

This Handbook has been prepared in accordance with NPDES Phase II General Permit No.

SCS0000000 and the South Carolina Stormwater Management and Sediment Reduction Act to accomplish the following objectives:

Reduce stormwater impacts on water quality;

Reduce stormwater impacts on water quantity;

Protect downstream areas from adverse stormwater impacts resulting from development;

Identification of required content for and format of stormwater plan submittals and plan reviews; and

Submittal of high quality stormwater design plans from the design community.

This Handbook has been prepared under the direction of Fort Jackson, which has been granted the authority to administer the stormwater management and sediment control plan review, approval/disapproval, and inspection by South Carolina Department of Health and

Environmental Control (SCDHEC). By satisfying the requirements outlined in this Handbook, May 2017 Land Disturbance 1-2

Handbook the resulting design is considered to be in compliance with the provisions of the Stormwater

Management and Sediment Reduction Act of 1991.

1.2 Description and Use of the Handbook

The scope of this Handbook is limited to the requirements related to stormwater management as reviewed and approved by the Fort Jackson Directorate of Public Works (DPW). This Handbook is not intended as a textbook or a comprehensive engineering design reference. It was instead developed under the assumption that the user possesses a basic understanding of stormwater control design, construction, or land development depending on the user’s particular area of expertise. References to guidance documents from federal, state, and local agencies, as well as commercial products are given throughout this Handbook to provide additional information to users. Two common examples are the Natural Resources Conservation Service’s (NRCS) TR-55 and SCDHEC’s Best Management Practices (BMP) Manual.

The design standards are not intended to restrain or inhibit engineering creativity, freedom of design, or the need for engineering judgment. When shown to be applicable, it is encouraged that new methods, techniques, and innovative stormwater BMPs be submitted with supporting documentation. However, the use of such approaches should be substantiated with submitted documentation by design professionals showing that the proposed design is equal to, or exceeds the traditional procedures in terms of performance and economic feasibility.

On projects that require site specific designs pertaining to stormwater management and water quality, site plans, details, calculations, construction specifications, and other technical documents must be designed and sealed by a professional engineer, landscape architect, or Tier

B Land Surveyor that is registered in the State of South Carolina, with sufficient knowledge and experience to accomplish all design elements of the site plan. Users who are not justly qualified by education or experience in the fields of stormwater control design, construction, or land development should consult with a qualified professional in one or more of these areas prior to planning for construction activities.

1.3 Design Handbook Organization

The Handbook contains five chapters, organized to present recommended technical and engineering procedures along with criteria obtained from local, state, and federal requirements;

including compliance with the State of South Carolina’s Stormwater Management and Sediment

Reduction Act and NPDES Permit No. SCS000000. A general Table of Contents is found at the beginning of the Handbook. Each chapter of the Handbook presents information on each aspect of stormwater management that could be encountered during land disturbance activities.

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1.4 Updates to the Design Handbook

This Handbook is intended to be a dynamic document. As design technology and criteria evolve, the Handbook will be updated.

1.5 The Need for Stormwater Management

Development has the potential to alter the natural drainage patterns and flow rates and volumes of water in the environment. Development changes the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of natural waterways. When land is developed, the natural hydrology of the watershed is disrupted and traditional systems have facilitated the efficient removal of not just runoff, but associated pollutants into receiving waters. Clearing removes vegetation that intercepts and slows rainfall runoff. Grading removes beneficial topsoil, compacts the subsoil, and fills in depressions that provide natural underground storage. As a result of land development, infiltration is decreased and rainfall that once seeped into the ground runs off the surface at an accelerated rate.

1.5.1 Effects of Development on Watershed Hydrology

Development and urbanization have the following impacts on receiving waterbodies:

Changes to Stream Flow

Increased runoff volumes

Increased peak runoff discharges

Greater runoff velocities

Increased flooding frequency

Lower dry weather flows (base flow)

Changes to Stream Geometry

Stream channel enlargement and erosion

Stream downcutting

Changes in channel bed due to sedimentation

Increase in floodplain elevation

Degradation of Aquatic Habitat

Degradation of habitat structure

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Decline in stream biological functions

Water Quality Impacts

Reduced oxygen in streams

Microbial contamination

Hydrocarbons and toxic materials

Sedimentation

Property Damage and Safety Concerns

Unsightly Aesthetic Stream Channel Conditions

1.5.2 Innovative Design Approach

When designing for land disturbance activities, the design should consist of five categories:

maximum water quantity (flood control), design storm rainfall depth and/or intensity (design conditions), erosion prevention, sediment control, and water quality benefits. If an innovative stormwater design approach is to be used, the design professional should take the following considerations in mind:

Stormwater quantity and quality are best controlled at the source of the problem by reducing the potential maximum amount of runoff and pollutants; and

Best site design techniques implement stormwater management by using simple, nonstructural methods along with or in place of traditional stormwater management structures when applicable.

Equaling or exceeding traditional stormwater management designs in terms of performance (rate/volume attenuation, pollutant removal) and economic feasibility (long-term) are essential to a proposed concept’s eventual approval.

Innovative approaches to site design are more of a source control for stormwater runoff – the site design practices limit the amount of runoff generated as well as use certain BMPs within the design. These types of design concepts are described in detail in several sources including:

Georgia Stormwater Handbook, Volume 1: Policy Guidebook, First Edition, Atlanta

Regional Commission, August 2001; and, Low-Impact Development Design Handbook, Prince George’s County Maryland (1999a, 1999b). Some general concepts from these sources are provided in the following Sections.

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1.5.3 Best Site Design Practices and Site Planning Process

The first step in addressing stormwater management begins in the site planning and design stage of the development project. By implementing Best Site Design Practices (BSDPs) during the site planning process, the amount of runoff and pollutants generated from a site can be reduced by minimizing the amount of impervious area and utilizing natural on-site treatments. The minimizing of adverse stormwater runoff impacts by the use of BSDPs and site planning should be a major consideration for a design professional.

The reduction of runoff volumes and stormwater pollutants reduces the total number and size of stormwater management controls that must be implemented under the guidelines set forth in this

Handbook. BSDPs reduce the amount of total post-development impervious areas and maintain natural characteristics of the pre-development site conditions. Therefore, the post-development curve number and time of concentrations are maintained more closely to the pre-development conditions. This reduces the overall hydrologic and hydraulic impact of the development.

1.5.3.1 Maintaining Site Resources and Natural Undisturbed Areas

Conservation of site resources and natural undisturbed areas helps to reduce the post development runoff volume and provide areas for natural stormwater management. Some natural site resources that should be maintained include, but are not limited to:

Natural drainageways, Vegetated buffer areas along natural waterways, Floodplains, Areas of undisturbed vegetation, Low areas within the site terrain, Natural forested infiltration areas, and

Wetlands.

1.5.3.2 Lower Impact Site Layout Techniques

Lower impact site layout techniques involve identifying and analyzing the location and configuration of structures on the site to be developed. Where applicable, the following options that create lower impacts layouts should be used:

Fit the design layout to follow the natural contours of the site to minimize clearing and grading and preserve natural drainage ways and patterns.

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Limit the amount of clearing and grading by identifying the smallest possible area on the site that would require land disturbance.

Place development areas on the least sensitive areas of the site.

Utilize nontraditional designs to reduce the overall imperviousness of the site by providing more undisturbed open space by minimizing clear-cutting.

1.5.3.3 Reduction of Impervious Cover

The reduction of total impervious area directly relates to a reduction in stormwater runoff volume and the associated pollutants from a development site. The amount of impervious cover on a site can be reduced by the following techniques where applicable:

Reduce building footprints by requiring some buildings to be multi-story.

Reduce parking lot areas and/or the use of porous paver surfaces for desired overflow parking.

Increase the amount of vegetated parking lot “islands” that can also be utilized for stormwater management practices such as Bioretention areas.

1.5.3.4 Utilization of Natural Features for Stormwater Management

Traditional stormwater drainage design does not utilize the natural drainage patterns of the site from the pre-developed state. Structural stormwater drainage controls are traditionally designed to quickly remove stormwater runoff from the site without utilizing any of the natural storage areas. These natural drainage areas should be considered as potential stormwater drainage systems. These natural areas can be utilized in the following ways where applicable:

Vegetated buffers and undisturbed areas on the site are useful to control sheet flow (not concentrated flows) by providing infiltration, runoff velocity reduction, and pollutant removal.

Various natural drainageways should be maintained and not disturbed to provide a natural stormwater drainage system to carry runoff to a natural outlet. The use of natural drainageways allows for more storage of stormwater runoff, lower peak flow rates, a reduction in erosive runoff velocities, and the capture and treatment of pollutants.

Use vegetated swales instead of curb and gutter applications where applicable.

This application allows for more storage of stormwater runoff, lower peak flow rates, a reduction in erosive runoff velocities, and the capture and treatment of pollutants which does not occur with curb and gutter systems.

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Where ditched roadways are not practicable, curb and gutter systems may be combined with vegetated swales at outfalls to provide added water quality benefits versus the traditional piped outfall designs.

When applicable, direct rooftop runoff to pervious natural areas for water quality treatment and infiltration instead of connecting rooftop drains to roadways and other structural stormwater conveyance systems.

1.5.3.5 Engineered/Proprietary Devices

Fort Jackson is aware of the potential benefit in using a number of engineered devices currently available on the market, such as treatment devices such as baffle boxes, cartridge filters, bioretention, erosion control devices such as socks and tubes, and advanced vegetation producing methodologies. Fort Jackson will evaluate any and all such devices specified for a given product and require for each appropriate drawings, specifications, and discussions as to the applicability of the product, expected performance, and required maintenance. Fort Jackson reserves the right to request that certain devices be installed.

1.6 Stormwater Management Regulations and Policies

To address the adverse impacts of urbanization and land development, Federal, State and Local regulations have been adopted to protect the quantity and quality of the runoff received by the natural receiving waterbodies.

1.6.1 Stormwater Related Regulations and Permits

With the mandate of the Clean Water Act, the United States Environmental Protection Agency

(USEPA) stated that it is illegal to discharge any pollutant to the “Waters of the United States” without a NPDES Permit. The various types of NPDES stormwater permits are described below.

1.6.1.1 Clean Water Act

The Federal Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that discharge permits, called National Discharge

Elimination System (NPDES) permits, be obtained for every point source discharge of wastewater. The 1987 amendments to the CWA also required NPDES permits for industrial discharges, including stormwater runoff associated with land disturbing activity (typically land development and construction) of five (5) acres or greater. The threshold five-acre area was challenged and the federal NPDES regulations were amended in accordance with a court order for stormwater discharges in December 1999. These amendments lower the acreage for when an

NPDES permit is required for construction or land clearing to one (1) acre while allowing a case-by-case determination for sites less than one (1) acre.

The 1987 CWA Amendments also require NPDES permitting for stormwater runoff from urbanized areas. A municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) NPDES permit is required

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Handbook based on population. MS4s are divided into three categories: large (250,000 or greater); medium

(less than 250,000 but equal to or greater than 100,000); and small (greater than 50,000). The implementation schedule for these MS4 permits has been repeatedly delayed. All permits are now in the process of being implemented.

For both the land disturbing and MS4 non-point source permits, preventing the pollution at the source through the use of Best Management Practices (BMPs) is the preferred and most practical method. Additional BMPs can be used as needed to address capture, control, and treatment of pollutants after they have been generated or released from a source area. Authority to administer the NPDES permit program was delegated to SCDHEC in accordance with the CWA by the

USEPA.

1.6.1.2 South Carolina Pollution Control Act

The South Carolina Pollution Control Act (PCA) S.C. was originally enacted in 1950 and was last amended in 1970 during the initial stages of the environmental movement. It was written very broadly and is applicable to essentially any activity.

The most important provision of the statute is Section 48-1-90, it states that it is “unlawful for any person, directly or indirectly, to throw, drain, run, allow to seep or otherwise discharge into the environment…[any] wastes, except as in compliance with a permit” issued by SCDHEC.

1.6.1.3 South Carolina Stormwater Management and Sediment Reduction Act

The South Carolina Stormwater Management and Sediment Reduction Act of 1991 (SMSRA)

S.C. Code Ann. §§ 48-14-10 et seq. was enacted to address the increase in stormwater runoff rate and quantity, the decrease of rainwater infiltration, and the increase in erosion associated with the extensive urban development that has been occurring throughout the state. Fort Jackson has the authority to implement the requirements of this Act and its associated regulations.

1.6.1.4 NPDES Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Industrial

Activity

All stormwater runoff from “industrial activities” is considered an illegal discharge without an

NPDES Stormwater Permit (SCR100000). These permits require certain industries to develop and implement a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), which must include appropriate BMPs to minimize pollution to the receiving natural waterbodies. There are two general types of industrial activity permits: “construction related” and “other”. A NPDES stormwater permit for stormwater discharges from construction sites is required for all construction sites that disturb one (1) or more acres of land. The requirements for obtaining and complying with this type of permit are covered within this Handbook.

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1.6.1.5 NPDES MS4 General Permit SCR300000

Fort Jackson is required to comply with the NPDES General Permit for stormwater discharges.

This permit was issued by SCDHEC in accordance with the provisions of the Stormwater

Management and Sediment Reduction Act of South Carolina (S.C. Code Sections 48-14-10 et seq., 1976) and with the United States Clean Water Act (P.L. 92-500), as amended, 33 U.S.C.

Section 1251 et seq. The Memorandum of Instruction (MOI) defines compliance of this permit.

The permit requires that Fort Jackson develop and implement a Stormwater Management

Program (SWMP) to control the discharge of pollutants from its MS4 to the maximum extent practicable (MEP).

Fort Jackson has been granted the authority to administer the stormwater management and sediment control plan review and approval/disapproval, and the inspections during construction and maintenance inspection components of the South Carolina Stormwater Management and

Sediment Reduction Program to handle the following responsibilities:

Comply with all Federal and State regulatory requirements imposed by the

NPDES Permit in accordance with the Clean Water Act to manage stormwater discharges from Fort Jackson.

Conduct all activities necessary to carry out the stormwater management programs and other requirements included in the NPDES General Permit, SCS0000000.

Maintain the stormwater system consistent with provisions of NPDES General

Permit, and pursue the necessary means and resources required to fulfilling this responsibility.

Direct and oversee the continuous implementation and direct and ensure compliance with the NPDES General Permit.

1.7 Contact Information

The following Fort Jackson personnel should be contacted for any questions, clarifications, or other information not in this handbook.

Primary Contact:

Ricky Walker

DPW Stormwater Program Contractor

2563 Essayons Way

Fort Jackson, SC 29207

(803) 751-9504

Ricky.R.Walker8.ctr@mail.mil mailto:Ricky.R.Walker8.ctr@mail.mil

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1.8 Fees

Currently, Fort Jackson does not require any plan review or inspection fees. However, in the event that SCDHEC decides to do a plan review or inspection of the project, standard DHEC fees will apply. SCDHEC does charge a fee for submittal of an NOI for projects disturbing areas over one acre. At the time of issuance of this handbook, the fee was $125. This Handbook does not excuse any fees charged by any other agency.

1.9 Definitions

The Directorate of Public Works shall have the right to define or interpret any other word or term contained within this Manual. The rules of verbal construction found in the Stormwater

Management Ordinance apply to this Handbook.

1. Culvert: any structure not classified as a bridge which provides an opening under any roadway, including pipe culverts, and any structure so named in the plans.

2. Contour: an imaginary line, or its representation on a contour (topographic) map, joining points of equal elevation.

3. Detention: the collection and storage of stormwater runoff in a surface or sub-surface facility for subsequent controlled discharge to a watercourse or water body.

4. Development: the act of any person, or others who acts in his own behalf, that is required to submit an application for approval to disturb land or encroachment or site construction and is thereafter responsible for maintaining compliance with this

Handbook and conditions of the approved application.

5. Ditch: a drainage channel in earth created by natural or artificial means to convey surface and/or subsurface water, flowing continuously or intermittently.

6. Drainage: a general term applied to the removal of surface or subsurface water from a given area either by gravity via natural means or by systems constructed so to remove water, and is commonly applied herein to surface water.

7. Elevation: height in feet above a given known datum, such as mean sea level.

8. Embankment or Fill: a deposit of soil, rock or other material placed by man.

9. EPSC: Erosion Prevention Sediment Control

10. Grading: any displacement of soil by stripping, excavating, filling, stockpiling, or any combination thereof, including the land in its excavated or filled state.

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11. Impervious Surface: a surface which has been compacted or covered with a layer of material so that it is highly resistant to infiltration by water. The term includes most conventionally surfaced streets, roofs, sidewalks, parking lots, and other similar structures.

12. Mean Sea Level (MSL): the average (mean) height of the sea or ocean, in reference to

NAVD29 or NAVD88.

13. Outlet Facility: stormwater management facility designed to regulate the elevation, rate, and volume of stormwater discharge from detention facilities.

14. Owner/Operator: means the property owner, or any person who acts in his own behalf, that submits an application for approval to disturb land or vegetation or for encroachment, and the person, if so designated by default or on legal documents, as the responsible party for maintenance of a stormwater system(s) and facility(s). May be referred to as owner, owner/operator or agent. Certification signatures must be provided by this person.

15. Post-Development Conditions: those conditions which are expected to exist, or do exist, after alteration, of the natural topography, vegetation, and rate, volume or direction of stormwater runoff, (resulting from development activity).

16. Pre-Development Conditions: those conditions, in terms of the existing topography, vegetation and rate, volume or direction of stormwater runoff, which exist at the time the applicant submits an application form for a land disturbance permit or waiver.

17. Project: improvements and structures proposed by the applicant to be constructed on a defined site as part of a common plan of development.

18. Directorate of Public Works (DPW): means the director of the Directorate of Public

Works of Fort Jackson, South Carolina or an authorized representative or designee.

19. Rate: volume of water passing a point per unit of times, generally expressed in cubic feet per second (cfs).

20. Redevelopment: See Development.

21. Retention: the collection and storage of stormwater runoff without subsequent discharge to surface waters.

22. Retrofit: the process of altering an existing drainage system to function properly or more efficiently that currently exists. Retrofitting will be a common method used by

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Fort Jackson to address TMDLs (retrofitting systems to include a water quality/runoff treatment device).

23. Runoff: that part of rainfall that is not absorbed into the sites but flows over the site as surface waters.

24. Sediment: fine, particulate material, whether mineral or organic, that is in suspension and is being transported, or has been transported, from its site of origin by water or air.

25. Sedimentation: the process which operates at or near the surface of the ground, or deposits soils, debris and other materials either on other ground surfaces or in the waterbody.

26. Sedimentation Facility: any structure or area which is designed to retain suspended sediments from collected stormwater runoff, to include sediment basins.

27. Site: any tract, lot, or parcel of land or combination of tracts, lots, or parcels of land which are in common ownership, or are contiguous and in diverse ownership where development is to be performed as part of a unit, subdivision, or project.

28. Site Construction: is considered the act or process or altering the natural cover or topography and alters the quality or quantity of stormwater runoff.

29. Special Protection Areas: designated areas within Fort Jackson within which more stringent design standards have been established to address an existing problem, such as flooding or water quality. Construction activities occurring within these areas will be required to comply with the additional or more stringent design criteria.

30. Storm Frequency: rate of likely recurrence of a rainstorm.

31. Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP): the plan to manage stormwater in terms of collection, conveyance, storage, treatment and disposal of stormwater runoff in a manner to meet the objectives of this Handbook and its terms, including, but not limited to, measures that control the increased volume and rate of stormwater runoff and water quality impacts caused by man-made changes to the land. This plan is approved as detailed in this document and includes the engineering calculations and construction drawings.

32. Subdivision: all divisions of a tract or parcel of land into two or more lots, building sites, or other divisions for the purpose, whether immediate or future, of sale, lease, or building development, and includes all division of land involving a new street or change in existing streets, and includes re-subdivision which would involve the further division or relocation of lot lines of any lot or lots within a subdivision

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Handbook previously made and approved or recorded according to law; or, the alteration of any streets or the establishment of any new streets within any subdivision previously made and approved or recorded according to law, and includes combination of lots of record.

33. Vegetation: all plant growth, especially trees, shrubs, mosses, and grasses.

34. Wetlands: those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions and delineated as freshwater wetlands by the U.S. Army Corps of

Engineers.

CHAPTER 2

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2.0 STORMWATER PERMITTING PROCEDURES

2.1 Overview

This chapter provides the user with the information requested by the Fort Jackson concerning land disturbance activities. A discussion of the recommended stormwater management planning process is followed by the details of the Stormwater Management Planning, the submittal, review and approval processes, design standards, technical requirements, inspection requirements and contractor-related requirements.

2.2 Minimum Requirements for Development

2.2.1 Applicability

Stormwater management minimum requirements and standards apply to all land disturbance within Fort Jackson that consists of one or more of the following:

All development that involves the disturbance of one (1) acre of land or greater;

Redevelopment that involves the disturbance of one (1) acre of land or greater;

Any commercial or industrial development that falls under the NPDES Industrial

Stormwater Permit; and, Development that creates a peak flow increase of greater than one cubic foot per second (1 cfs).

As a general requirement for submittal purposes, all land disturbance activities that fall under these provisions shall require the following as necessary:

Completed SCDHEC Land Disturbance Checklist.

Construction drawings, and

Technical Report.

2.2.1.1 SCDHEC Land Disturbance Checklist

This checklist requires submitters to enter the technical report page number for each item so that the reviewer can easily find important information. This checklist will also help to ensure all necessary information is submitted.

It contains sections corresponding to hydrology, hydraulics, storm sewer design, BMP design, including detention ponds, erosion control design, and maintenance schedules. The SCDHEC checklist can be found in Appendix R.

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2.2.1.2 Technical Report

The technical report contains all of the engineering details of the proposed development project in an understandable, legible document. Failure to provide all the information required in this section may result in the denial of receiving approval from Fort Jackson and coverage under the

General Permit. The items listed as the technical report submission requirements shall be used as a checklist to verify that all required items are properly submitted.

Possible sections of the technical report include, but are not limited to:

Watershed information, Hydrologic information, Storm sewer design information, Channel design information, Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control (EPSC) plans design information, Detention/Retention facilities design information, Water quality/BMPs design information, Sites draining to impaired waters

Outlet velocities, and

Maintenance schedules.

The details of requirements for each of these topics are provided in the following chapters

2.2.2 Exemptions

The following development activities within the fort shall be exempt from the minimum regulations and standards:

Development that does not disturb more than 1 acre of land are exempt from parts of NPDES requirements.

Development that does not create a peak flow increase of greater than one (1) cfs.

Land disturbing activities on agricultural land for production of plants and animals useful to man.

The construction of agricultural structures of one or more acres, such as broiler houses, machine sheds, repair shops and other major buildings which require the issuance of a building permit shall require the submittal and approval of a

Stormwater Management Plan.

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Customary and routine grounds maintenance, landscaping, and home gardening which does not require a zoning use exception or building permit, and does not affect stormwater drainage entering or leaving any public right-of-ways.

Land disturbance activities…