35 31 19 NASA Wallops Specs Amended.pdf

Wallops Island Breakwater(s) and Beach Renourishment Project WI2019

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 35 - WATERWAY AND MARINE CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 35 31 19

STONE, CHANNEL, SHORELINE/COASTAL PROTECTION FOR STRUCTURES

11/17

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 DESCRIPTION

1.2 REFERENCES

1.3 SUBMITTALS

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.4.1 General

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 STONE

2.1.1 2.1 GENERAL

2.1.2 Sources and Evaluation Testing

2.1.3 Breakwater Armor Stone

2.1.4 VDOT Class II Core Stone

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 TRANSPORT OF STONE

3.2 PLACEMENT OF STONE

3.2.1 Placement

3.2.1.1 Above Water

3.2.1.2 Under Water

3.3 CORRECTIVE EARTHWORK

3.3.1 Grading

3.3.2 Excavation

3.4 PLACEMENT OF SHORELINE PROTECTION

3.4.1 Debris

3.4.2 Limitations of Placement Procedures

3.4.2.1 Interruptions

3.4.3 Slides

3.5 TESTS AND INSPECTIONS

3.5.1 Placement Control

3.5.1.1 Quality Control Measures

3.5.1.2 Check Surveys

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 1

SECTION 35 31 19

STONE, CHANNEL, SHORELINE/COASTAL PROTECTION FOR STRUCTURES

11/17

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 DESCRIPTION

The work covered by this section consists of furnishings all plant, labor, equipment, and materials and performing all operations in connection with the construction of the breakwaters along the Wallops Island shoreline as shown on the Contract Drawings or as directed by the Contracting Officer in accordance with these specifications and applicable drawings.

1.2 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM C127 (2015) Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate

ASTM C29/C29M (2017a) Standard Test Method for Bulk Density ("Unit Weight") and Voids in Aggregate

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (VDOT)

VDOTRBS (2016) Virginia Department of Transportation Road and Bridge Specifications

1.3 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

The Contractor's proposed methods and means of placing stone ; G

The Contractor's proposed methods and means of placing stone including schematic's showing locations, methods, means, potential earthwork, staging areas and sequencing throughout the progression of construction. The Government claims the right of refusal of this submitted plan for cause. The Contractor must submit the plan 15 days prior to the beginning of work. Approval of the detailed plan shall be obtained from the Contracting Officer prior

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 2 to starting the work. If necessary, the plan shall be modified as required to meet field conditions, and the modifications shall be approved prior to use.

SD-03 Product Data

Submit the Source Quarry for the stone for the breakwater(s) construction.

Stone Material; G

SD-04 Samples

Representative Sample

SD-05 Design Data

Gradation Data

SD-06 Test Reports

Test & Service Records

Plots on the Gradation Graph; G

A copy of the laboratory inspection report along with actions taken to correct deficiencies and a copy of the test reports, prior to delivery of such material to the worksite; since quality test on the stone in accordance with PART 2 paragraph EVALUATION TESTING OF STONE is the responsibility of the Contractor.

Certified Test Report

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.4.1 General

All stone shall be durable material as approved by the Contracting Officer. Selected stone from the required excavation may be used if it satisfies all requirements as to quality and dimensions. Stone shall be of a suitable quality to ensure permanence in the structure and in the climate in which it is to be used. It shall be free from cracks, blast fractures, bedding, seams and other defects that would tend to increase its deterioration from natural causes. Inspections for cracks, fractures, seams and defects shall be made by visual examination. If, by visual examination, it is determined that 10 percent or more of the stone produced contains hairline cracks, then all stone produced by the means and measures which caused the fractures shall be rejected. A hairline crack that is defined as being detrimental shall have a minimum width of 4 mil and shall be continuous for one-third the dimension of at least two sides of the stone. The stone shall be clean and reasonably free from soil, quarry fines, and shall contain no refuse.

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 3

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 STONE

2.1.1 2.1 GENERAL

All Stone Material shall be hard, sound, durable stone of igneous or metamorphic origin and free from structural defects as approved by the Contracting Officer. Stone shall be angular in shape. All stone shall have a bulk specific gravity (SSD) with the specified design range of 2.5 to 2.9.

It shall be free from cracks, blast fractures, bedding, seams and other defects that would tend to increase its deterioration from natural causes. Inspections for cracks, fractures, seams and defects shall be made by visual examination. If, by visual examination, it is determined that 10 percent or more of the stone produced contains hairline cracks, then all stone produced by the means and measures which caused the fractures shall be rejected. A hairline crack that is defined as being detrimental shall have a minimum width of 4 mil and shall be continuous for one-third the dimension of at least two sides of the stone.

The stone shall be clean and reasonably free from soil, quarry fines, and shall contain no refuse. The contractor shall submit information on the Source Quarry.

Conduct quarry operations in a manner to produce stone conforming to the requirements specified, this may involve selective quarrying, handling, processing, blending, and loading as necessary, all of which shall be as specified in Section 01 45 00 CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL. Control blasting and handling of rock to produce rock of the size ranges and quality specified. Techniques such as the use of proper hole diameter, hole depth, hole angle, burden and spacing distances, types and distribution of explosives, delay intervals and sequence, removal of muck piles between each shot, and special handling techniques are required as necessary to produce the specified materials. All aspects of blasting operations shall be specifically designed so that the end product is not damaged from the blasting technique and that the stone is suitable for the intended purpose.

The sources from which the contractor proposes to obtain the material shall be selected well in advance of the time when the material will be required in the work. Contractor shall notify Contracting Officer a minimum of 30 days prior to stone placement so that a possible site visit by Government personnel may be arranged to the source of stone.

2.1.2 Sources and Evaluation Testing

Riprap shall be obtained in accordance with CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS AND FURNISHED FROM A GOVERNMENT APPROVED SOURCE. Test data submitted from an approved source should include at a minimum the results from the quarry investigation, petrographic analysis, specific gravity, abrasion, absorption, wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing. Other test information and service records may be requested as needed by the Contracting Officer to evaluate the acceptability of the riprap. The Contractor shall submit suitable Test & Service Records to show the acceptability of the riprap. If the Contractor proposes to furnish riprap from a source not currently listed, the Contractor will make such investigations as necessary to determine whether acceptable riprap can be

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 4 produced from the proposed source. Satisfactory service records on work outside the Corps of Engineers will be acceptable. In order for riprap to be acceptable on the basis of service records, riprap of a similar size must have been placed in a similar thickness and exposed to weathering under similar conditions as is anticipated for this contract, and have satisfactorily withstood such weathering for a minimum of twenty years. If no such records are available, the Contractor will make tests to assure the acceptability of the riprap. The tests to which the riprap may be subjected will include petrographic analysis, specific gravity, abrasion, absorption, wetting and drying, freezing and thawing and such other tests as may be considered necessary by the Contracting Officer. The following guidance is provided for use by the Contractor in analyzing a new source of riprap. Riprap that weighs less than 155 lbs/c.f., has more than 2% absorption, or has other impurities or qualities deemed inadequate by the Contracting Officer will not be accepted unless other tests and service records show that the riprap is satisfactory. The method of testing for unit weight will be ASTM C29/C29M. The method of testing for absorption will be ASTM C127. Samples shall be taken by the Contractor under the supervision of the Contracting Officer at least 60 days in advance of the time the placing of the riprap is expected to begin. This Representative Sample will be submitted to the COR. Furthermore, the Stone Gradation Data will be submitted to the COR. Finally, the Plots on the Gradation Graph and the Certified Test Report shall be submitted to the COR. The Contractor has the responsibility to assure the tests are performed in accordance with applicable Corps of Engineers' methods of testing and will be performed at an independent, approved testing laboratory. The cost of testing will be borne by the Contractor.

2.1.3 Breakwater Armor Stone

Only quarried stone shall be used. The stones furnished for the armor stone shall have a density of 165 lbs/cf (pounds per cubic foot). Stones shall weigh between 1 ton (2,000 lbs) and 8 tons (16,000 lbs).

Approximately 50% shall weigh less than 2.65 tons (5,300 lbs)and approximately 10% may weigh less 1 ton (2,000 lbs).

2.1.4 VDOT Class II Core Stone

Only quarried stone shall be used. The stones furnished for the armor stone shall be VDOT Class II stone (see VDOT specifications ( VDOTRBS)) and shall weigh between 150 pounds and 500 pounds each. At least 50% shall weigh more than 300 pounds and approximately 10% may weigh less than 150 pounds. This stone shall be used for the core layer of the breakwaters.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 TRANSPORT OF STONE

All stone shall be tranported to the construction site by barge.

3.2 PLACEMENT OF STONE

The Contractor shall be able to produce the cross sections, grades and slopes as indicated on the drawings and/or specified herein. Smooth transitions shall be effected between sections, and at changes in side slopes and bottom widths, and shall transition to existing slopes of existing riprap as indicated on the drawings or as directed. Stone shall be placed to the finished dimensions and configuration as indicated on the drawings in accordance with VDOTRBS Sections 204 and 414 as

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 5 applicable. Stone shall be placed in one operation and in such a manner to avoid displacing the underlayer material. The stones shall be well distributed and the entire mass of stones in their final position shall be roughly graded to conform to the gradation indicated and specified.

Placing stone by dumping into chutes or by similar methods likely to cause segregation of the various sizes will not be permitted. The desired distribution of the various sizes of stones throughout the mass shall be obtained by selective loading of the material at the quarry or other source, by controlled dumping of successive loads during final placing, or by other methods of placement which will produce the specified results. The contractor shall maintain the stone until accepted and any material displaced by any cause shall be replaced at his expense to the lines and grades shown on the drawings.

3.2.1 Placement

3.2.1.1 Above Water

Armor Stone, also refer to as Riprap, shall be placed in a manner which will produce a well-graded mass of rock with the minimum practicable percentage of voids, and shall be constructed, within the specified tolerances, to the lines and grades shown on the contract drawings or staked in the field. A tolerance of plus 4 inch(es) and minus 3 inch(es) from the slope lines and grades shown on the contract drawings will be allowed in the finished surface of the riprap, except that the extreme of this tolerance shall not be continuous over an area greater than 200 square feet. The average tolerance of the entire job shall have no more than 50 percent of the tolerances specified above. Riprap shall be placed by means of truck, crane operated skip-pan (box), dragline bucket, clamshell, rock-bucket, hydraulic excavator, trackhoe, or other approved equipment. The use of tractor loaders or other equipment commonly referred to as front end loaders shall not be permitted. Pneumatic tired front end loaders may be used provided that in the opinion of the Contracting Officer no degradation of the rock occurs. Riprap shall be placed to its full course thickness in one operation and in such manner as to avoid displacing the fill material and marine filter mattresses. The large stones shall be well distributed and the entire mass of stones in their final position shall be graded to conform to the gradation specified in paragraph RIPRAP, subparagraph GENERAL. Placement shall begin at the bottom of the area to be covered and continue up slope. Subsequent loads of material shall be placed against previously placed material in such a manner as to ensure a relatively homogenous mass. The finished riprap shall be free from objectionable pockets of small stones and clusters of larger stones. Placing riprap in layers will not be permitted. Placing riprap by dumping it into chutes, or by similar methods likely to cause segregation of the various sizes, shall not be permitted. Placing riprap by dumping it at the top of the slope and pushing it down the slope shall not be permitted. No equipment shall be operated directly on the completed stone protection system. The desired distribution of the various sizes of stones throughout the mass shall be obtained by selective loading of the material at the quarry or other source; by controlled dumping of successive loads during final placing; or by other methods of placement which will produce the specified results. Each truckload shall be representative of the gradation requirements. All dump trucks used in placing the riprap shall be equipped with bottom hinged tailgates. The gate releasing mechanism shall be arranged so that it may be operated only from, at, or near the front of the truck. Rearranging of individual stones by mechanical equipment or by hand will be required to the extent necessary to obtain a reasonably well-graded distribution of stone sizes

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 6 as specified above. The Contractor shall maintain the riprap until accepted and any material displaced prior to acceptance and due to the Contractor's negligence shall be replaced at his expense and to the lines and grades indicated on the contract drawings. The Contractor shall submit The Contractor's proposed methods and means of placing stone, prior to the commencement of work.

3.2.1.2 Under Water

When the armor stone, also refer to as riprap, is placed under water onto geotextile it may be gently placed from the water surface if the water depth over the geotextile is greater than 3 feet. Prior to starting work, submit The Contractor's proposed methods and means of placing stone under water.

3.3 CORRECTIVE EARTHWORK

3.3.1 Grading

Most of the grading will be in areas where mechanical equipment can be used, but some hand grading will be required. Material resulting from grading operations shall be used for making fills where required, including the restoration of deficient slopes. The Contractor shall use caution and not use of heavy equipment while operating as directed by the COR. All grading and filling shall be done to the lines and grades as staked in the field or as specified. Material used in making fills or restoring the subgrade shall be free from roots, brush or other debris;

and shall be placed in layers not to exceed 1 foot in thickness. Each layer shall be thoroughly compacted to a density at least equal to that of the adjacent undisturbed earth. Excess material shall be spread on the slope adjacent to the area of repair. Slides or failures of the river bank shall be repaired by the Contractor and at no additional cost to the government.

3.3.2 Excavation

Excavation shall be required in some failures where protrusion of stone above adjacent surface is objectionable. Where excavation is specified, the subgrades shall be excavated 10 to 12 inches below the surface. Large areas may not require excavating throughout, but excavation to the depths specified above will be required only for a distance of 5 feet inside the perimeter of the failure. Most of the excavation can be accomplished by mechanical means, but some hand work around the edges will be required.

All work shall be to the lines and grades as staked in the field or as specified. Material resulting from the operation shall be used for making fills where required as specified in paragraph GRADING. Excess suitable material for re-use may be spread on the adjacent slopes, or placed in Stockpile Storage Areas as indicated in the drawings and as directed by the COR. Excavated soils not suitable for re-use shall be disposed off-site as directed by the COR.

3.4 PLACEMENT OF SHORELINE PROTECTION

3.4.1 Debris

Any timbers, unsatisfactory material and debris within the reaches for construction shall be removed off-site as directed by the Contracting Officer, and upon removal shall become the property of the Contractor.

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 7

3.4.2 Limitations of Placement Procedures

Stone construction in advance of completed permanent protection except as specified herein shall be at the Contractor's risk. Keep the Contracting Officer informed as to any and all situations that may result in a possible interruption of work.

3.4.2.1 Interruptions

If the Government can anticipate that the stone construction will be interrupted for more than four (4) continuous days, including weekends and holidays, the Contractor may be required to complete the placement of temporary flank protection stone on both sides of a breakwater and provide protection of the exposed ends prior to the start of the interruption. All material used for protecting the exposed breakwater shall be removed after the need therefore has ended and shall be appropriately incorporated into the required permanent construction. All materials which are removed and placed in the permanent construction, in accordance with the provisions of this section, will be measured and paid for only once. When temporary protection of exposed ends of construction in progress is ordered or directed by the Contracting Officer, an equitable adjustment will be made for the work of temporarily placing and removing the stone materials. The Government has no obligation to order that exposed ends be protected. If the Government takes no action to have exposed ends protected, then the provisions of the paragraph MATERIAL PLACEMENT IN ADVANCE shall apply.

3.4.3 Slides

In the event of the sliding or failure of any part of the structure during its construction, or after its completion, but prior to its acceptance, cut out and remove the slide from the structure and then rebuild that portion of the structure with new materials or reuse the displaced materials for rebuilding if deemed appropriate. The Contracting Officer shall determine the nature and cause of the slide. In case the slide is caused through fault of the Contractor, the foregoing operations shall be performed without cost to the Government.

3.5 TESTS AND INSPECTIONS

3.5.1 Placement Control

3.5.1.1 Quality Control Measures

Establish and maintain quality control for all work performed at the job site under this section to assure compliance with contract requirements.

Maintain records of the quality control tests, inspections and corrective actions. Quality control measures shall cover all construction operations including, but not limited to, the placement of all materials to the slope and grade lines shown and in accordance with this section.

3.5.1.2 Check Surveys

Surveys made by the Contractor are required on each material placed for determining that the materials are acceptably placed in the work. Make checks as the work progresses to verify lines, grades and thicknesses established for completed work. At least one (1) check survey as specified below shall be made for each twenty-five (25) foot section as shown as practicable after completion. Following placement of each type of

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 8 material, the cross section of each step of the work shall be approved by the Contracting Officer before proceeding with the next step of the work.

Approval of cross sections based upon check surveys shall not constitute final acceptance of the work. Cross sections shall be taken on lines 25 feet apart, measured along the structure reference line, with readings at 5-foot intervals and at beaks along the lines. However, other cross section spacing and reading intervals may be used if determined appropriate by the Contracting Officer. Additional elevations and soundings shall be taken as the Contracting Officer may deem necessary or advisable. The surveys shall be conducted in the presence of an authorized representative of the Contracting Officer, unless this requirement is waived by the Contracting Officer.

a. Above Water: The elevation of stone above the water surface shall be determined by the use of a leveling instrument and a rod having a base 12 inches in diameter. If approved by the Contracting Officer other means may also be used.

b. Below Water: For portions of the work that are under water, sounding surveys shall be performed either by means of a sounding pole or a sounding basket weighing about 8 1/2 pounds, each of which has a base measuring 12 inches in diameter.

-- End of Section --

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 9

3.4.3 Slides