A07_-_INVASIVE_SPECIES_MANAGEMENT_PLAN.pdf

INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT PLAN

U.S. Army Garrison Adelphi Laboratory Center Prince George’s and Montgomery Counties, Maryland US Army Corps of Engineers Baltimore District

Prepared for: U.S. Army Garrison Adelphi Laboratory Center Environmental Division 2800 Powder Mill Road Adelphi, Maryland 20783

Prepared by: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District 10 South Howard Street Baltimore, Maryland 21201

APRIL 2017

U.S. Army Garrison Adelphi Laboratory Center U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Invasive Species Management Plan Baltimore District

INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT PLAN

Prince George’s and Montgomery Counties, Maryland

Prepared for:

Environmental Division 2800 Powder Mill Road

Adelphi, Maryland 20783

Prepared by:

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Baltimore District

10 South Howard Street Baltimore, Maryland 21201

April 2017

Invasive Species Management Plan TOC-1 Baltimore District

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1-1

1.1 About the U.S. Army Garrison Adelphi Laboratory Center .................................. 1-1

1.2 About the Invasive Species Management Plan ......................................................... 1-1

1.3 Invasive Species Laws and Guidance ........................................................................ 1-1

1.3.1 Executive Order 13112, Invasive Species, 3 February 1999 ................................. 1-1

1.3.2 Army Policy Guidance for Management and Control of Invasive Species, 26 June 2001 ........... 1-3

1.3.3 DoD Pest Management Program (DoD Instruction 4150.07) ................................ 1-3

1.3.4 Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) ............................................... 1-4

CHAPTER 2 - METHODS ....................................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Species Data Review and Collection .......................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Field Survey ................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.3 Map Development ....................................................................................................... 2-2

2.4 Field Data Analysis and Development of Recommendations .................................. 2-2

CHAPTER 3 - FINDINGS ........................................................................................................ 3-1 CHAPTER 4 - MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................. 4-1

4.1 Prevention, Control and Monitoring ......................................................................... 4-1

4.2 Request Assistance If Necessary ................................................................................ 4-5

4.3 Species Identification Websites .................................................................................. 4-6

CHAPTER 5 - REFERENCES ................................................................................................. 5-1

TABLES:

Table 3-1: Invasive Species Identified on ALC .......................................................................... 3-1 Table 4-1: Species Specific Management Recommendations .................................................... 4-2

APPENDICES:

APPENDIX A: LAWS AND GUIDANCE

APPENDIX B: MATRICES

APPENDIX C: DATASHEETS

APPENDIX D: MAPS

APPENDIX E: PHOTOS

APPENDIX F: HERBICIDES

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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

1.1 ABOUT THE U.S. ARMY GARRISON ADELPHI LABORATORY CENTER

The U.S. Army Garrison Adelphi Laboratory Center (ALC) is located in Adelphi, Maryland. The site straddles the border between two Maryland jurisdictions, Prince George’s and Montgomery Counties. Of the total 202 acre area, 84 acres are within Montgomery County and 118 acres are within Prince George’s County. ALC is approximately 6 miles from the District of Columbia.

The installation is located within one mile of the Capital Beltway (Interstate 495) and Interstate 95 (I-95). ALC lies in the Anacostia River drainage basin which is a tributary of the Potomac River. It is bordered by residential areas on the east and south and by the General Service Administration’s Federal Center on the north and west. ALC consists of four main building areas with parking lots, forested lands and two stream corridors, Paint Branch and Hillandale Tributary.

1.2 ABOUT THE INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT PLAN

ALC requested the services of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, Planning Division (USACE) to prepare an Invasive Species Management Plan (ISMP) to be implemented at ALC. ALC requested that the ISMP be prepared to identify the locations of invasive plant species that occur on ALC, provide documentation about the species and recommendations for managing each specific species. To develop this ISMP USACE utilized fieldwork conducted at ALC in support of the Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) update, field surveys for invasive species and interviews with ALC personnel.

Invasive terrestrial and aquatic plant species targeted during the 2015 surveys were chosen based on the Maryland Invasive Species Council (MISC) as threats/invasive in the state of Maryland.

Invasive species means an alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. Alien species means with respect to a particular ecosystem, any species, including its seeds, eggs, spores or other biological material capable of propagating that species, that is not native to that ecosystem.

1.3 INVASIVE SPECIES LAWS AND GUIDANCE

Like all Army landholders, ALC is required to comply with Federal, Department of Defense (DoD) and Army laws, regulations and guidance regarding invasive species control and non-proliferation. Relevant requirements include Executive Order 13112, Invasive Species; Army Policy Guidance for Management and Control of Invasive Species; DoD Pest Management Program (DoD Instruction 4150.07); and the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB).

A copy of each of these is available in Appendix A.

1.3.1 Executive Order 13112, Invasive Species, 3 February 1999

EO 13112 established an Invasive Species Council, and specified duties for each Federal agency as follows:

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(a) Each Federal agency whose actions may affect the status of invasive species shall, to the extent practicable and permitted by law,

(1) identify such actions;

(2) subject to the availability of appropriations, and within Administration budgetary limits, use relevant programs and authorities to:

(i) prevent the introduction of invasive species;

(ii) detect and respond rapidly to and control populations of such species in a cost-effective and environmentally sound manner;

(iii) monitor invasive species populations accurately and reliably;

(iv) provide for restoration of native species and habitat conditions in ecosystems that have been invaded;

(v) conduct research on invasive species and develop technologies to prevent introduction and provide for environmentally sound control of invasive species; and

(vi) promote public education on invasive species and the means to address them; and

(3) not authorize, fund, or carry out actions that it believes are likely to cause or promote the introduction or spread of invasive species in the United States or elsewhere unless, pursuant to guidelines that it has prescribed, the agency has determined and made public its determination that the benefits of such actions clearly outweigh the potential harm caused by invasive species; and that all feasible and prudent measures to minimize risk of harm will be taken in conjunction with the actions.

(b) Federal agencies shall pursue the duties set forth in this section in consultation with the Invasive Species Council, consistent with the Invasive Species Management Plan and in cooperation with stakeholders, as appropriate, and, as approved by the Department of State, when Federal agencies are working with international organizations and foreign nations.

In response to EO 13112, DoD analyzed its activities, and identified those activities that may affect the status of invasive species. As a result of this analysis, the Army assigned the Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management (ACSIM), through the Office of the Director of Environmental Programs (ODEP), as the proponent and Army program manager for all environmental aspects of invasive species management. The Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans ensures that all aspects of the Integrated Training Area Management Program (ITAM) are consistent with this policy.

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1.3.2 Army Policy Guidance for Management and Control of Invasive Species, 26 June

The Army Policy Guidance for Management and Control of Invasive Species, issued by the Department of the Army Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management on 26 June 2001, is designed to provide policy guidance for the environmental management and control of invasive species on U.S. Army installations. Major points of this guidance, as it applies to ALC are:

• Invasive species shall be managed within the context of the goals and objectives of an installation’s INRMP and will be integrated into other installation plans as appropriate.

• Installations, subject to legal authorities and limitations, will monitor invasive species populations and track the presence and status of invasive species over time, determine when control measures are necessary, and evaluate the effectiveness of prevention, control/eradication, and restoration measures.

• Installations will give priority to invasive species management actions, including actions to restore native species habitat conditions in ecosystems that have been invaded, that support the installation’s primary military mission, and that contribute to the protection of federally listed threatened and endangered species and critical habitat. Installations should ensure that invasive species do not detract from the usefulness of military training and testing lands and will ensure that invasive species management and control practices do not result in non-permitted take or jeopardize the existence of threatened and endangered species.

• Installations are encouraged to enter into partnerships with other federal agencies, state agencies, and local agencies, tribes, and non-government organizations.

• Installations are encouraged to cooperate with state programs for controlling invasive species and will allow access to the installations for this purpose. Such access must be consistent with installation safety and security considerations. Control measures must be fully coordinated with installation stakeholders and acceptable for use on the installation.

1.3.3 DoD Pest Management Program (DoD Instruction 4150.07)

The DoD Pest Management Program (DoD Instruction 4150.07) applies to all Military departments and lands. Threatened and endangered species, or their corresponding habitat, cannot be jeopardized. Communication with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is required to identify habitat areas within the target application area, and to comply with protection efforts. All personnel are required to know the impacts of pesticides on threatened and endangered species.

DoD regulation also requires discussion of surface and groundwater contamination in the Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP). Application of pesticides to wetlands is permissible

Invasive Species Management Plan 1-4 Baltimore District only if the chemical label allows for use in wetlands. All herbicides must be registered through the Environmental Protection Agency, under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).

1.3.3.1 Certification of Pesticide Applicators

According to Army Regulation 200-1 (AR 200-1), military and civilian personnel who perform, or supervise pesticide application on Army facilities must be trained and certified according to U.S. DoD standards. The DoD Plan for the Certification of Pesticide Applicators (DoD Plan 4150.07-P) outlines the specific components of certification. The DoD program offers certification in various EPA categories designed to meet specific pesticide needs such as, but not limited to, forest pest control, aquatic pest control and ornamental and turf pest control. The training program focuses on areas of pest recognition, chemical components and application methods (labels, storage, disposal, equipment), safety (poison symptoms, emergency procedures) and environmental factors (groundwater and endangered species protection). Those who become certified must repeat certification training every 3 years following initial qualification.

Non-DoD personnel must be trained and certified according to the EPA-approved regulations of the State in which the facility, or property, is located. According to FIFRA, states are required to provide certification training.

1.3.4 Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB)

The AFPMB coordinates all issues related to pest management within the DoD, acting as a source of guidance, policy, and scientific/technical information. The AFPMB provides and maintains technical information, scientific literature, and internal publications concerning the adverse effects of pests and disease vectors. The training and certification of pesticide applicators is also one of their key responsibilities. The AFPMB is an essential part of any invasive species plan within the DoD; a group whose resources of policy, regulation, and pest management information could prove to be invaluable.

Additional information or support from the AFPMB can be obtained at:

Armed Forces Pest Management Board U.S. Army Garrison - Forest Glen 2460 Linden Lane, Building 172 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 301-295-7476 Email through website: http://www.afpmb.org/contact http://www.afpmb.org/contact

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CHAPTER 2 - METHODS

2.1 SPECIES DATA REVIEW AND COLLECTION

USACE created a master list of invasive species based on species observed during the 2 to 3 August 2011 Planning Level Surveys (PLSs) and lists maintained by the MISC. Federal and state regulated species were included along with other species that were not listed, but are known threats to ALC and surrounding areas. The master list of invasive species is presented in Appendix B.

The MISC provides leadership concerning invasive species and encourages efforts that prevent the introduction of, and manage the impact of, invasive species on Maryland ecosystems. MISC created a list of species of great concern, which includes species that are currently regulated by a state and/or federal law, are widely recognized by biologists and resource managers to degrade natural ecosystems or negatively affect native species, are known to have significant economic impacts on agricultural ecosystems, public infrastructure or natural resources, including impact on recreational activities, or have, or can have, deleterious effects on human health.

The MISC ranking system is as follows:

1 = Currently regulated by state and/or federal law 2 = Widely recognized by biologists and natural resource managers to degrade natural resources and/or negatively impact native species 3 = Known to have a negative economic impact on agricultural or natural resources 4 = Known or potential negative impacts on human (or animal) health

2.2 FIELD SURVEY

USACE conducted a field survey on ALC from 30 June to 2 July 2015. USACE assessed the existence of invasive plant species and verified information previously documented for ALC.

All 202 acres of ALC was investigated during the survey. Areas which receive routine mowing were given the least attention whereas, disturbed/edge habitats were given the most attention, due to the greater likelihood of encountering invasive species.

The surveys were conducted using visual search along transects. A team of two people followed rough transects, spaced approximately 20-30 feet apart, throughout the site. 6 survey days (3 days per surveyor), 8 hours each, were spent in the survey for a total of 48 hours of survey. Site visits were timed to capture most plants when they were flowering or otherwise easily identified.

Invasive species encountered during the survey were recorded with a Trimble handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) and on a hardcopy data sheets. Data sheets included species observed, relative density of each species per site and management recommendations for each species (Appendix C). From this information, a matrix was created to illustrate overall species observed, species densities, total occurrences and site descriptions (Appendix B).

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Areas where invasive species were observed but not documented or located with GPS included the edges of unimproved roads and cleared areas along the perimeter fence. These locations generally had higher densities of invasive species then undisturbed forest and are more easily located and accessed for management. Due to disturbance and the edge effect, invasive plant species tend to be more prevalent along wood lines and along roads.

2.3 MAP DEVELOPMENT

The field survey which identified established populations of invasive species was completed using GPS technology. The survey utilized handheld Trimble GeoXH GPS systems for Geographical Information System (GIS) data collection yielding sub-meter horizontal accuracy.

Collected GPS points of confirmed invasive species were integrated into ArcGIS 10 where aerial imagery was added and site investigation notes were placed within the attribute table for the invasive species point shapefile. This data was then used to depict areas where invasive species were present within the installation boundaries.

Attribute tables within GIS include a description of the invasive species captured and recommended management methods. The data is in the Maryland State Plane (NAD83) Coordinate System and maintained in the SDSFIE (Spatial Data Standards for Facilities, Infrastructure and Environment) format. A GIS map is presented in Appendix D.

2.4 FIELD DATA ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF RECOMMENDATIONS

Using all of the above information, USACE developed management recommendations for each of the observed species. In developing the recommendations, USACE considered species locations compared to natural resources and sensitive areas, densities within those locations and across all of ALC and number of occurrences.

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CHAPTER 3 - FINDINGS

USACE conducted field surveys on ALC from 30 June to 2 July 2015. The team surveyed approximately 157 acres of the approximate 202 acres of ALC. The 45 acres not surveyed consisted mainly of buildings, parking facilities and mowed and maintained areas. Twenty three invasive species were identified within these areas during the surveys. The most prevalent invasive species recorded at ALC included Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii), Chinese bushclover (Lespedeza cuneata) and Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum). Table 3-1 provides the invasive species that were identified during the survey and their overall density on ALC. The locations of these species are shown on a map provided in Appendix D.

Table 3-1: Invasive Species Identified on ALC

Scientific Name Common Name MISC Ranking* Overall Density on ALC Alliaria officinalis Garlic mustard 2 Low Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Porcelain berry 2, 3 Low Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry 2 High Cirsium arvense Canada thistle 1, 2, 3 Low Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle 1, 2, 3 Low Euonymus atropurpureus Burning bush N/A Low Euonymus fortunei Winter creeper 2 Low Glechoma hederacea Ground ivy N/A Moderate Lespedeza cuneata Chinese bushclover N/A High Ligustrum sinense Chinese privet N/A Low Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle 2 Low Lonicera tatarica Bush honeysuckle 2 Low Microstegium vimineum Japanese stiltgrass 2 High Miscanthus sinensis Chinese silvergrass 2 Low Persicaria perfoliata Mile-a-minute 2 Moderate Phragmites australis Common reed 1, 2, 3 Moderate Phyllostachys aurea Golden bamboo 2 Low Pyrus calleryana Bradford pear 2, 3 Low Rosa multiflora Multiflora rose 2, 3 Low Rubus phoenicolasius Wineberry N/A Low Securigera varia Crownvetch N/A Low Vinca minor Periwinkle N/A Low Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria 2 Low

* MISC Ranking – 1 = Currently regulated by state and/or federal law 2 = Widely recognized by biologists and natural resource managers to degrade natural resources and/or negatively impact native species 3 = Known to have a negative economic impact on agricultural or natural resources 4 = Known or potential negative impacts on human (or animal) health N/A = No MISC ranking

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Species commonly occurred along road edges, forest edges, previously disturbed areas, such as along the perimeter fence and recently installed storm water management facilities, and on the floodplain of Paint Branch, downstream of the Floral Drive bridge.

At ALC, undisturbed mature forests with closed canopy generally do not provide habitat suitable for invasive species. These areas prevent the germination of seeds of invasive species, which generally require direct sunlight and disturbed soils to thrive and outcompete native species.

Species and habitat photos are located in Appendix E.

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CHAPTER 4 - MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 PREVENTION, CONTROL AND MONITORING

The first and best method for managing invasive species is to be situationally aware and avoid introducing them to the installation. Preventive programs are implemented to keep the management area free of species that are not yet established there, but are known to be invasive in adjacent areas. Invasive species prevention is the most economical technique available for ALC. Prevention treatments can include outreach to neighbors, tenants and command;

minimizing human-induced disturbance; and maintaining an unbroken, vertically diverse plant community canopy (Paciulli, Simmons and Associates, 2006).

Most native species do not compete well with invasive species. Continual monitoring and treating invasive species is the best method. Due to the rare status of the Powder Mill Bog it is recommended to not plant any species within this habitat. Manually remove invasive species and let the bog naturally do its own thing are also recommended for this habitat.

If the species is so widespread or well established that prevention is not possible, then control or eradication is required; however, for two species eradication may not be practical. Japanese honeysuckle and Japanese stiltgrass are both widely disseminated on site. Japanese honeysuckle was introduced in the United States in the 1800s (USDA, 2012) and since has become widespread. “The species (Japanese honeysuckle) has naturalized in much of the United States except Alaska and a few states in the Northwest, northern Midwest, and Vermont” (Redman, D.E., 1995). Japanese stiltgrass, although less widespread than Japanese honeysuckle, is also common in the eastern United States. “This species (Japanese stiltgrass), an annual grass native to Asia, has become naturalized widely and abundantly in the eastern and southeastern United States since it was introduced into Tennessee in 1919” (Fairbrothers and Gray, 1972). ALC may wish to consider the widespread nature of these species before allocating resources to manage them. It is recommended that the limited invasive species management resources be focused on detection and eradication of new or incipient species or on other species that have the potential to become widespread. If ALC does feel management of Japanese honeysuckle and Japanese stiltgrass is critical, it is recommended that the areas with the highest density of these species be prioritized in order to get the best results.

Methods of control or eradication for invasive species vary from species to species. Generally, however, there are four methods of management: biological, chemical, manual and mechanical.

Each management technique can be initiated as a standalone treatment. In some instances they can be used in conjunction with other management techniques for greater success. Additionally, the appropriate treatment may vary on a case by case basis, i.e., hand pulling Japanese honeysuckle may be practical for a small area, and impractical for a larger area. The Nature Conservancy developed the Weed Control Methods Handbook that includes descriptions of certain herbicides used for chemical control. These descriptions are provided in Appendix F.

Species specific management recommendations are provided below.

Lastly, installation-wide monitoring should be conducted at least every five years, to coincide with the update and revision of this management plan. This should consist of assessing the success of ongoing treatment efforts as well as monitoring the installation for new invasive

Invasive Species Management Plan 4-2 Baltimore District species and new areas of previously documented invasive species. ALC may wish to focus monitoring efforts on areas where invasive species are likely to originate on the installation.

Ground disturbing activity which removes existing vegetation provides an opening in the biological niche which invasive species are adept at exploiting. Construction sites, which often require grading and may require the transport of fill material from offsite are a common source of new invasive species or provide excellent habitat for invasive species that are already onsite.

Table 4-1 discusses species specific management recommendations broken down by biological, chemical, manual and mechanical control methods.

Table 4-1: Species Specific Management Recommendations

Scientific Name Common Name Biological Chemical Manual Mechanical Alliaria officinalis Garlic mustard Glyphosate Hand pulling (seedbank can last up to five years so it is important to revisit the site multiple times per year over several years)

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata

Porcelain berry Glyphosate Triclopyr

Hand pull vines in fall or spring

Repeat cutting of large vines near ground and apply herbicide (Glyphosate or Tricolpyr) to stems

Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry Glyphosate Triclopyr

Weed wrench

Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Specific rust fungus (presently being tested at Fort Detrick)

2,4-dichlorophenoxy Clopyralid Imazapyr

Application of several feet of hay mulch over plants

Prescribed burn, where feasible

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Scientific Name Common Name Biological Chemical Manual Mechanical Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle 2,4-dichlorophenoxy Clopyralid Dicamba + Glyphosate

Use a shovel to remove the top couple inches of the root, this will kill the plant.

Weed eat consistently throughout the growing season to exhaust starches in root system

Euonymus atropurpureus Burning bush Apply Glyphosate or Triclopyr to the stump

Hand pull entire plant is effective if small in stature

Cut shrub at ground level and apply herbicide (Glyphosate or Triclopyr) to the stump or use a stump grinder to prevent regrowth

Euonymus fortunei Winter creeper 2,4-dichlorophenoxy Clopyralid Dicamba Imazapic Imazapyr Metsulfuron-methyl Picloram Triclopyr

Hand pull small infestations

Cut stems and apply herbicide

Glechoma hederacea Ground ivy 2,4-dichlorophenoxy Dicamba Triclopyr

Lespedeza cuneata Chinese bushclover Clopyralid Glyphosate Triclopyr

Mowing Prescribed burn

Ligustrum sinense Chinese privet Glyphosate Cut stump and apply herbicide (Glyphosate)

Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle

Glyphosate Triclopyr

Hand pull Prescribed burning in the wintertime, where feasible

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Scientific Name Common Name Biological Chemical Manual Mechanical Lonicera tatarica Bush honeysuckle Glyphosate Cut and apply pesticide to stumps in order to kill roots or use a stump grinder to prevent regrowth.

Weed wrench or chainsaw

Microstegium vimineum Japanese stiltgrass Glyphosate Imazapic

Hand pull “Scalping” with a weed eater in late summer (August) prior to reseeding and repeat as necessary

Miscanthus sinensis Chinese silvergrass Glyphosate Imazapyr

Hand pull entire plant is effective if small in stature

Persicaria perfoliata Mile-a-minute Rhinonco mimus latipes (weevil)

Glyphosate Triclopyr

Hand pull (protective gloves, long sleeve shirts and pants are required due to barbs on stem of vine)

Phragmites australis Common reed Glyphosate (Rodeo® is preferable for use in wetlands)

Prescribed burn, where feasible

Phyllostachys aurea Golden bamboo Glyphosate Repeated cutting/mowing Apply herbicide to stump

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Scientific Name Common Name Biological Chemical Manual Mechanical Pyrus calleryana Bradford pear Glyphosate Hand pull entire plant is effective if small in stature

Cut shrub at ground level and apply herbicide (Glyphosate or Triclopyr) to the stump to prevent resprout or use a stump grinder to prevent regrowth

Rosa multiflora Multiflora rose Dicamba Glyphosate Triclopyr

Weed wrench Repeated cutting over several seasons

Rubus phoenicolasius Wineberry Glyphosate Metsulfuron-methyl Triclopyr

Hand pull (protective gloves are required)

Pitch fork or spade can be used to remove entire plant

Securigera varia Crownvetch 2,4-dichlorophenoxy Glyphosate Triclopyr

Vinca minor Periwinkle Glyphosate Repeated digging, raking and mowing to remove entire plant

Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria Clopyralid Glyphosate

Hand pull or cut

4.2 REQUEST ASSISTANCE IF NECESSARY

Several options are available to assist ALC in identifying and managing invasive species. The most useful and readily available resource is the local U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Extension Service office. Each county in each state has an Extension Service office, which offers assistance in managing a wide variety of agricultural pests. These agricultural pests include a large number of terrestrial plants and animals that are invasive in that area. The Extension Service office may provide on-the-ground expertise in identifying plants and insects on the facility, and can assist in developing a practical management plan for those species. The Prince George’s and Montgomery County Cooperative Extension System offices information is provided below.

University of Maryland Extension Prince George’s County 6707 Groveton Drive Clinton, Maryland 20735 301-868-9366 http://extension.umd.edu/prince-georges-county http://extension.umd.edu/prince-georges-county

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University of Maryland Extension Montgomery County 18410 Muncaster Road Derwood, Maryland 20855 301-590-9638 http://extension.umd.edu/montgomery-county

Another good source of assistance is the Maryland Natural Heritage Program (MD NHP). While this program is generally set up to track the occurrence of listed endangered or threatened species, it also is concerned with invasive species, because invasive species are often a factor in native species decline. The MD NHP may also be willing to provide experts to visit the facility and identify potential areas of concern, specific locations of invasive species (if present), and up-to-date information on management methods used statewide. These professionals may also provide information on potential endangered species at the facility, thereby allowing ALC to avoid chemical and mechanical methods in those areas. The MD NHP information is listed below.

Maryland Wildlife and Heritage Service 580 Taylor Avenue Annapolis, Maryland 21401 877-620-8367 http://dnr2.maryland.gov/wildlife/Pages/default.aspx

Other sources of assistance include universities, citizens groups and other local organizations.

Some of these organizations are listed below.

Maryland Native Plant Society P.O. Box 4877 Silver Spring, Maryland 20914 410-286-2928 www.mdflora.org

Maryland Sea Grant University System of Maryland 4321 Hartwick Road, Suite 300 College Park, Maryland 20740 301-405-7500 http://www.mdsg.umd.edu

4.3 SPECIES IDENTIFICATION WEBSITES

Below are websites where pictures are able to be submitted and will then be identified by an expert or the general public.

University of Maryland Home and Garden Information Center (HGIC) This program was started by a grant from the Northeast Regional Integrated Pest Management Grants Program, which is funded by the USDA. Users submit questions to HGIC's staff of http://extension.umd.edu/montgomery-county http://dnr2.maryland.gov/wildlife/Pages/default.aspx http://www.mdflora.org/ http://www.mdsg.umd.edu/

Invasive Species Management Plan 4-7 Baltimore District experts by completing a question submission form. They then receive a personal answer to their question. If the user is trying to identify a plant or insect, a digital photo may be attached.

https://extension.umd.edu/hgic

Doug Greens Garden This gardening website's objective is to give users the information they need to have a great garden. This website will assist in plant identification. They have helpful gardeners that take the time to help users figure out what they are growing. http://douggreensgarden.com/

Dave’s Garden Invasive Plants Discussion Forum This is a forum for thoughtful and respectful discussion of invasive plants (whether native or exotic/alien species); their effect on your garden and the environment, and a place to seek help with identifying and eradicating or controlling such plants. Only registered members are able to post messages to this forum. Registration is free.

http://davesgarden.com/community/forums/f/invasives/all/

GardenWeb/Houzz GardenWeb is the largest gardening site on the Web, with garden forums, articles on gardening, directories of nurseries, gardens and gardening organizations and much more. This gallery forum allows users to upload images of plants that they are trying to identify so that others may be able to help them come up with a name. Only registered members are able to post messages to this forum. Registration is free. http://forums2.gardenweb.com/forums/namegal/#image https://extension.umd.edu/hgic http://douggreensgarden.com/ http://davesgarden.com/community/forums/f/invasives/all/ http://forums2.gardenweb.com/forums/namegal/#image

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CHAPTER 5 - REFERENCES

Department of Defense. Armed Forces Pest Management Board. http://www.afpmb.org/.

Accessed 24 February 2016.

Fairbrothers, D. E. and J. R. Gray. 1972. Microstegium vinineum (Trin.) A.Camus (Gramineae) in the United States. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 99:97–100.

Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Wildlife and Heritage Service.

http://dnr2.maryland.gov/wildlife/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed 24 February 2016.

Maryland Invasive Species Council. Invasive Species of Concern in Maryland.

http://www.mdinvasivesp.org. Accessed 24 February 2016.

Maryland Native Plant Society. Maryland Native Plant Society. 2016. www.mdflora.org.

Accessed 24 February 2016.

National Conservancy, The. Weed Control Methods Handbook: Tools and Techniques for Use in Natural Areas. April 2001. http://www.invasive.org/gist/products/handbook/methods-handbook.pdf. Accessed 24 February 2016.

Paciulli, Simmons and Associates. Draft Invasive Exotic Vegetation Management Plan Fort Belvoir, Virginia. July 2006.

Redman, D.E. 1995. Distribution and Habitat Type of Nepal Microstegium [Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) Camus] in Maryland and the District of Columbia, Castanea. v.60 (3) pp 270.

Sea Grant Maryland. Science Serving Maryland’s Coasts. 2015. http://www.mdsg.umd.edu.

Accessed 24 February 2016.

United States Department of Agriculture, National Invasive Species Information Center.

Lonicera Japonica Species Profile. 2 November 2011.

http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/plants/honeysuckle.shtml. Accessed 27 January 2012.

http://www.afpmb.org/ http://dnr2.maryland.gov/wildlife/Pages/default.aspx http://www.mdinvasivesp.org/ http://www.mdflora.org/ http://www.invasive.org/gist/products/handbook/methods-handbook.pdf http://www.invasive.org/gist/products/handbook/methods-handbook.pdf http://www.mdsg.umd.edu/ http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/plants/honeysuckle.shtml

Invasive Species Management Plan 5-2 Baltimore District

APPENDIX A: LAWS AND GUIDANCE

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

ASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF FOR INSTALLATION MANAGEMENT

600 ARMY PENTAGON

WASHINGTON DC 20310-0600

26 JUN 2001 REPLY TO

ATTENTION OF

DAIM-ED-N (200-3)

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: Army Policy Guidance for Management and Control of Invasive Species

1. References:

a. AR 200-3, 28 Feb 95, Natural Resources – Land, Forest, and Wildlife Management.

b. Presidential Executive Order 13112, subject: Invasive Species, 3 Feb 99

(enclosure 2).

c. DoD 4500.9-R, Part V, January 2001, Defense Transportation Regulation - DoD

Customs and Border Clearance Policies and Procedures.

2. Invasive species can be a threat to natural resources, impact local economies, and present problems for the military mission. The Army Policy Guidance for Management and Control of Invasive Species (enclosure 1) will assist installations to comply with Executive Order 13112 and to manage invasive species within the framework of existing Army natural resources and conservation programs.

3. The Army Staff point of contact for invasive species can be reached at 703-693- 0673.

FOR THE ASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF FOR INSTALLATION MANAGEMENT:

2 Encls

RICHARD A. HOEFERT

Colonel, GS Director, Environmental Programs http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=99-3184-filed.pdf http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=99-3184-filed.pdf

Army Policy Guidance Management and Control of Invasive Species

June 2001

1. Purpose: To provide policy guidance for the environmental management and control of invasive species on US Army installations.

2. Applicability: Applicability of this policy guidance is consistent with AR 200-3 for installations in US states and territories. This policy guidance does not apply to installations in foreign nations. Invasive species are not currently addressed in the Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document. Invasive species management and control at installations in foreign nations will be in accordance with the Final Governing Standards negotiated with the host nation.

3. References:

a. Endangered Species Act (ESA), 16 U.S.C. 1531, Chapter 35.

b. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. 4321.1.

c. Sikes Act, as amended by the Sikes Act Improvement Act (SAIA) of 1997, 16 U.S.C. § 670a et seq.

d. Presidential Executive Order 13112, subject: Invasive Species, 3 Feb 99.

e. Presidential Executive Order 13148, subject: Greening the Government through Leadership in Environmental Management, 21 April 2000 (http://ceq.eh.doe.gov/nepa/regs/eos/eo13148.html).

f. DoD 4500.9-R, Part V, January 2001, Defense Transportation Regulation -

DoD Customs and Border Clearance Policies and Procedures (http://public.transcom.mil/J4/j4lt/partVTOC.pdf).

g. AR 200-3, 28 Feb 95, Natural Resources - Land, Forest and Wildlife

Management.

h. AR 200-5, 29 Oct 1999, Pest Management.

i. AR 40-12, Quarantine Requirements, Section 1 and 5, 24 Jan 92.

j. Policy And Guidance For Identifying U.S. Army Environmental Program

Requirements Environmental Program Requirements Report, Aug 00.

k. Guidance for Presidential Memorandum on Environmentally and

Economically Beneficial Landscape Practices on Federal Landscaped Grounds (60 FR 154, 40837-40841), 10 Aug 95.

http://public.transcom.mil/J4/j4lt/partVTOC.pdf

l. Memorandum, DAIM-ED-N, 21 Mar 97, Subject: Army Goals and Implementing Guidance for Natural Resources Planning Level Surveys (PLS) and the Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP).

4. Background: Executive Order (EO) 13112 on Invasive Species outlines Federal agency duties and provides definitions that provide the foundation for this policy.

a. Federal Agency Duties: EO 13112, Section 2, Paragraph a.2, establishes duties of federal agencies to prevent the introduction of invasive species, to provide for their control, and to minimize the economic, ecological, and human health impacts that invasive species may cause.

b. Definitions: EO 13112, Section 1 provides the following definitions pertinent to this policy:

(1) Invasive species means an alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.

(2) Alien species means with respect to a particular ecosystem, any species, including its seeds, eggs, spores, or other biological material capable of propagating that species, that is not native to that ecosystem.

(3) Native species means with respect to a particular ecosystem, a species that, other than as a result of an introduction, historically occurred or currently occurs in that ecosystem.

(4) Introduction means the intentional or unintentional escape, release, dissemination, or placement of a species into an ecosystem as a result of human activity.

(5) Ecosystem means the complex of a community of organisms and its environment.

5. Responsibilities:

a. The Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management (ACSIM), through the

Office of the Director of Environmental Programs (ODEP), is the proponent and Army program manager for all environmental aspects of invasive species management.

b. Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans will ensure that all aspects of the Integrated Training Area Management Program (ITAM) are consistent with this policy.

c. Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics is the Army liaison with the U.S.

Transportation Command, who is the DOD Executive Agent for Customs and Border Clearance and proponent for the Defense Transportation Regulation (DTR) (reference 3f). The DTR provides policy in support of the movement of personnel and cargo and the relationship of DOD to the statutory requirements of the border clearance agencies to include actions to prevent the introduction of invasive species.

d. Commanders of Major Commands (MACOMs) and Director of the Army

National Guard shall:

(1) provide command and technical supervision of invasives species management at installations under their command or jurisdiction.

(2) assist installations to develop and implement programs to include planning, surveys, monitoring, management (control/eradication), and restoration.

(3) review technical adequacy of the installation invasive species management efforts.

(4) assure that installations request funds, identify requirements, and allocate funds provided by the program proponent.

(5) assure integration of environmental, operations, and logistics missions.

e. Installation Commanders and The Adjutants General shall:

(1) budget, identify requirements in the Environmental Program

Requirements (EPR)(reference 3j), and expend allocated funds to effectively plan and execute invasive species management on their installations in accordance with their missions, command priorities, and current environmental must fund guidance.

(2) implement this policy to minimize adverse impacts to the environment and sustain accomplishment of the installation’s military mission.

(3) develop internal partnerships that will ensure that all land users and other installation organizations that may influence the introduction and spread of invasive species are aware of and comply with this policy and incorporate it into their procedures.

6. Policy Guidance:

a. The Department of Army will comply with Executive Order 13112 (EO) as it applies to U.S. Army activities.

b.

c.

d.

Invasive species shall be managed within the context of the goals and objectives of an installation’s Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) (references 3c, 3g, and 3l) and will be integrated into other installation plans as appropriate. Implementation of projects for the control/eradication or response to new introductions of invasive species shall meet the goals and objectives of an approved and current INRMP.

(1) Specific inclusion of invasive species in an INRMP shall not impede progress to complete the INRMP by 18 November 2001 as legally mandated in the SAIA (reference 3c). Invasive species do not need to be addressed specifically or immediately in an installation’s INRMP to qualify as an environmental requirement (see paragraph 6b(3) below).

(2) At installations where an INRMP is not required, the Installation Pest

Management Plan (reference 3h) or another existing installation plan, as most appropriate, shall address the goals and objectives for invasive species management.

(3) The Management Decision Package (MDEP) for conservation projects involving invasive species management is VENN. Invasive species projects do not need to be specifically identified in the INRMP, or other installation management plans per paragraph 5.b (1) and (2) of this policy, to qualify as an environmental requirement.

They only need to be projects that are required to meet the goals and objectives of the plan. If more specific descriptions of installation invasive species programs are desired, they should be addressed during a future review cycle of the INRMP. Requirements for implementing invasive species management shall be identified in the U.S. Army Environmental Program Requirements (reference 3j) under the law/regulation SIKE, ESA, or CWA. Projects to support the management objectives in an approved INRMP or, where an INRMP is not required, to support natural resources stewardship requirements, should be addressed under SIKE. Projects for protecting and managing listed species and critical habitat that involve invasive species should be addressed under the law/regulation ESA. Invasive species projects that involve erosion control and wetlands should be addressed under the law/regulation CWA.

Installations, subject to legal authorities and limitations, will monitor invasive species populations, and track the presence and status of invasive species over time to determine when control measures are necessary and to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention, control/eradication, and restoration measures.

Installations will give priority to invasive species management actions, including actions to restore native species habitat conditions in ecosystems that have been invaded, that support the installation’s primary military mission and contribute to the protection of Federally listed threatened and endangered species and critical habitat. Installations should ensure that invasive species do not detract from the usefulness of military training and testing lands and will ensure that invasive species management and control practices do not result in non-permitted take or jeopardize the existence of threatened and endangered species (reference 3a).

e.

f.

g.

j.

Where applicable, invasive species management practices shall be synchronized with objectives of the installations ITAM program. The ITAM program integrates training and mission requirements with sound land management practices.

(1) Land Condition Trend Analysis (LCTA) data can provide valuable information for, and shall be shared with, installation natural resources managers.

(2) Land Rehabilitation and Maintenance projects will not include the use of invasive species unless that use is consistent with this policy.

(3) Where appropriate, ITAM Environmental Awareness materials can be used effectively to present invasive species issues.

Where available, installations should use Flora and Fauna Planning Level Surveys (PLS) and LCTA to detect and identify invasive species. As existing PLSs are updated they should include invasive species information if it is not currently included.

Planned actions to address invasive species should be consistent with management objectives in updated INRMPs and undertaken only after appropriate review under NEPA as implemented by AR 200-2. Actions should also be reviewed under the provisions of the ESA where federally listed species or their habitats are present.

o. Actions that are likely to cause or promote the introduction or spread of invasive species will not be funded.

p. Consistent with references 3e and 3k, invasive species will not be used in installation landscaping. In addition, landscaping practices should incorporate management practices that control invasive species wherever necessary.

Installations are encouraged to enter into partnerships with other federal agencies, state agencies, and local agencies, tribes, and non-government organizations:

(1) to share information and address invasive species issues impacting critical missions on installations.

(2) to provide public education on invasive species management.

(3) to achieve local goals for controlling invasive species both on and off the installation.

k. Installations are encouraged to cooperate with state programs for controlling invasive species and will allow access to the installations for this purpose. Such access must be consistent with installation safety and security considerations. Control measures must be fully coordinated with installation stakeholders and acceptable for use on the installation.

l. ITAM funding will be used for invasive species management only when identified as validated projects in an approved ITAM annual work plan and is consistent with the goals and objectives of the installation’s approved INRMP. These projects must have a direct tie to military training and testing activities.

m. Installation and Unit Commanders are required to follow federal laws enforced by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service. The Department of Defense accomplishes this through DoD 4500.9-R, Part V (reference 3f).

This regulation provides direction for the routine maintenance and washing of vehicles and equipment after field operations to remove mud/particulate matter, which prevents introduction of invasive or exotic…