UFGS 26 42 17.pdf

USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC UFGS- 26 42 17 ( May 2021)

Pr epar i ng Act i v i t y: USACE Super sedi ng UFGS- 26 42 17. 00 10 ( November 2008) UFGS- 26 42 19. 00 20 ( Apr i l 2006)

UNI FI ED FACI LI TI ES GUI DE SPECI FI CATI ONS

Ref er ences ar e i n agr eement wi t h UMRL dat ed Oct ober 2023

SECTI ON TABLE OF CONTENTS

DI VI SI ON 26 - ELECTRI CAL

SECTI ON 26 42 17

I MPRESSED CURRENT CATHODI C PROTECTI ON ( I CCP) SYSTEM

05/ 21

PART 1 GENERAL

1. 1 REFERENCES

1. 2 DEFI NI TI ONS

1. 2. 1 Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on

1. 2. 2 Cor r osi on

1. 2. 3 Al t er nat i ng Cur r ent ( AC) Cor r osi on

1. 2. 4 AC I nt er f er ence

1. 2. 5 Uni f or m At t ack

1. 2. 6 Gal vani c or Two- Met al Cor r osi on

1. 2. 7 Cr evi ce Cor r osi on

1. 2. 8 Pi t t i ng Cor r osi on

1. 2. 9 I nt er gr anul ar Cor r osi on

1. 2. 10 Sel ect i ve Leachi ng

1. 2. 11 Er osi on Cor r osi on

1. 2. 12 St r ess- Cor r osi on Cr acki ng

1. 2. 13 Exot her mi c Wel di ng

1. 2. 14 Er r or - Fr ee

1. 3 ADMI NI STRATI VE REQUI REMENTS

1. 4 SUBMI TTALS

1. 4. 1 Mat er i al and Equi pment Manuf act ur er Dat a

1. 5 MAI NTENANCE MATERI AL SUBMI TTALS

1. 5. 1 Spar e Par t s

1. 5. 2 Ext r a Mat er i al s

1. 6 QUALI TY CONTROL

1. 6. 1 Regul at or y Requi r ement s

1. 6. 2 Qual i f i cat i ons

1. 6. 3 Ser vi ces of Cor r osi on Exper t

1. 7 DELI VERY, STORAGE AND HANDLI NG

1. 8 PROJECT/ SI TE CONDI TI ONS

1. 8. 1 Envi r onment al Requi r ement s

1. 8. 2 Exi st i ng Condi t i ons

1. 9 WARRANTY

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PART 2 PRODUCTS

2. 1 SYSTEM DESCRI PTI ON

2. 1. 1 Cor r osi on Cont r ol Syst em Descr i pt i on

2. 1. 2 Desi gn Requi r ement s

2. 1. 2. 1 El ect r i cal I sol at or s

2. 1. 2. 2 Anode and Bond Wi r es

2. 1. 2. 3 Sur ge Pr ot ect i on

2. 1. 2. 4 Non- met al l i c Pi pe Syst em

2. 1. 2. 5 Coat i ngs

2. 1. 2. 6 Tr acer Wi r e

2. 1. 2. 7 Dr awi ngs

2. 1. 2. 8 Summar y of Ser vi ces Requi r ed

2. 1. 2. 9 Cont r act or ' s Modi f i cat i ons

2. 1. 2. 10 Test s of Component s

2. 1. 2. 11 El ect r i cal Pot ent i al Measur ement s

2. 1. 2. 12 Typi cal Met al l i c Component s on Non- met al l i c Syst ems

2. 1. 2. 12. 1 Met al l i c Component s

2. 1. 2. 12. 2 Fi r e Hydr ant s

2. 1. 2. 12. 3 Pi pe Under Concr et e Sl ab

2. 1. 2. 12. 4 Val ves

2. 1. 2. 12. 5 Met al l i c Pi pe Component or Sect i on

2. 1. 2. 12. 6 Connect or s or Change- of - Di r ect i on Devi ces

2. 1. 2. 13 Met al l i c Component Coat i ng

2. 1. 2. 14 Locat i on of Test St at i ons

2. 1. 2. 15 El ect r i cal I sol at i on of St r uct ur es

2. 1. 2. 15. 1 Gas Di st r i but i on Pi pi ng

2. 1. 2. 15. 2 I sol at i on Joi nt Test i ng

2. 1. 2. 15. 3 Under gr ound St r uct ur e Coat i ng

2. 1. 2. 15. 4 Fi el d Joi nt s

2. 1. 2. 15. 5 I nspect i on of Pi pe Coat i ngs

2. 1. 2. 15. 6 Pr ot ect i ve Coat i ng f or Abovegr ound Pi pi ng Syst em

2. 1. 2. 15. 7 Fer r ous Sur f aces

2. 1. 3 Per f or mance Requi r ement s

2. 1. 3. 1 Cr i t er i a of Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on

2. 1. 3. 1. 1 St eel

2. 1. 3. 1. 2 Al umi num

2. 1. 3. 1. 3 Copper Pi pi ng

2. 2 EQUI PMENT

2. 2. 1 Remot e Moni t or i ng

2. 2. 2 Cor r osi on Rat e Moni t or i ng

2. 2. 3 Rect i f i er s

2. 2. 3. 1 Ai r Cool ed Encl osur e

2. 2. 3. 2 Oi l Cool ed Encl osur e

2. 2. 3. 3 Expl osi on Pr oof Encl osur e

2. 2. 3. 4 Cabi net Const r uct i on

2. 2. 3. 5 Cabi net Pai nt Syst em

2. 2. 3. 6 El ect r i cal Rat i ngs

2. 2. 3. 7 Rect i f i er St acks

2. 2. 3. 8 Tr ansf or mer

2. 2. 3. 9 Ci r cui t Br eaker

2. 2. 3. 10 Fuses

2. 2. 3. 11 Over l oad and Shor t Ci r cui t Pr ot ect i on

2. 2. 3. 12 Sur ge Pr ot ect i on

2. 2. 3. 13 Wi r i ng

2. 2. 3. 14 Shunt Resi st or s

2. 2. 3. 15 DC Out put Cont r ol

2. 2. 3. 16 Out put Vol t age and Cur r ent Met er i ng

2. 2. 3. 17 Ef f i c i ency

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2. 2. 3. 18 Fi l t er Chokes and Capaci t or s

2. 2. 3. 19 Gr oundi ng Pr ovi s i ons

2. 2. 3. 20 Resi st ance t o Gr ound

2. 2. 3. 21 Wi r i ng Di agr am

2. 2. 3. 22 Opt i onal Rect i f i er Speci al Requi r ed Feat ur es

2. 2. 4 Pol ar i zat i on Cel l Repl acement ( PCR) and ( PCRH) f or Hazar dous

Locat i ons

2. 2. 5 Sol i d St at e Decoupl er ( SSD)

2. 3 COMPONENTS

2. 3. 1 Test St at i ons

2. 3. 1. 1 Fl ush Mount ed

2. 3. 1. 2 Post Top Mount ed

2. 3. 1. 3 Wal l Mount ed

2. 3. 1. 4 I R- Fr ee Test St at i on

2. 3. 2 Shunt s f or Test St at i ons and Junct i on Boxes

2. 3. 3 Junct i on Box Encl osur es

2. 3. 3. 1 Namepl at es

2. 3. 4 Ter mi nal Boar ds

2. 3. 5 Anode Junct i on Boxes

2. 3. 5. 1 Encl osur e

2. 3. 5. 2 Ter mi nal Boar ds

2. 4 MATERI ALS

2. 4. 1 I mpr essed Cur r ent Anodes

2. 4. 1. 1 Di mensi ons and Wei ght s

2. 4. 1. 2 Hi gh- Si l i con Chr omi um Bear i ng Cast I r on

2. 4. 1. 2. 1 Chemi cal Composi t i on ( Nomi nal )

2. 4. 1. 2. 2 El ect r i cal Resi st i v i t y

2. 4. 1. 2. 3 Physi cal Pr oper t i es ( Nomi nal )

2. 4. 1. 3 Gr aphi t e Anodes

2. 4. 1. 3. 1 Chemi cal Composi t i on ( Nomi nal )

2. 4. 1. 3. 2 Physi cal Pr oper t i es

2. 4. 1. 4 Mi xed Met al Oxi de ( MMO) Anodes

2. 4. 1. 4. 1 Conduct i ve Mat er i al

2. 4. 1. 4. 2 Anode Li f e Test

2. 4. 2 Wi r e and Cabl e

2. 4. 2. 1 Anode Lead Wi r e

2. 4. 2. 2 Deep Anode Lead Wi r e

2. 4. 2. 3 Anode Header Cabl e

2. 4. 2. 4 St r uct ur e ( Negat i ve) Cabl e

2. 4. 2. 5 Test Wi r es

2. 4. 2. 6 Joi nt and Cont i nui t y Bond Cabl es

2. 4. 2. 7 Resi st ance Bond Wi r es

2. 4. 2. 8 AC Power Suppl y Wi r i ng

2. 4. 2. 9 Pol yet hyl ene I nsul at i on

2. 4. 2. 9. 1 HMWPE

2. 4. 2. 9. 2 Hi gh Densi t y Pol yet hyl ene ( HDPE)

2. 4. 2. 10 Rect i f i er DC Negat i ve ( St r uct ur e) Cabl e( s)

2. 4. 3 Cabl e and Wi r e I dent i f i cat i on Tags

2. 4. 4 Anode Connect i on

2. 4. 4. 1 End- Connect ed Anode

2. 4. 4. 2 Cent er - Connect ed Anode

2. 4. 4. 3 Cani st er Cont ai ned Anodes

2. 4. 5 Coke Br eeze

2. 4. 5. 1 Cal c i ned Pet r ol eum Coke Br eeze ( Dr y)

2. 4. 5. 1. 1 El ect r i cal Resi st i v i t y

2. 4. 5. 1. 2 Gener al Backf i l l Speci f i cat i ons

2. 4. 5. 2 Met al l ur gi cal Coke Br eeze ( Pr ocessed)

2. 4. 5. 2. 1 El ect r i cal Resi st i v i t y ( Nomi nal )

2. 4. 5. 2. 2 Gener al Backf i l l Speci f i cat i ons

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2. 4. 6 Per manent Ref er ence El ect r odes

2. 4. 7 Pavement I nser t s

2. 4. 8 Coupons

2. 4. 9 Zi nc Gr oundi ng Cel l s

2. 5 ACCESSORI ES

2. 5. 1 Wi r e Connect or s

2. 5. 2 El ect r i cal Tape

2. 5. 3 Cabl e Mar ker Tape

2. 5. 4 I nsul at i ng Tape

2. 5. 5 Under gr ound Spl i ces

2. 5. 5. 1 Cast - Type Spl i ce

2. 5. 5. 2 Gr avi t y- Pour ed Spl i ce

2. 5. 5. 3 Heat Shr i nkabl e Spl i ce

2. 5. 6 Bur i ed Cabl e War ni ng and I dent i f i cat i on Tape

2. 5. 7 Condui t

2. 5. 8 Resi st ance Wi r e

2. 5. 9 Deep Anode Bed Casi ng

2. 5. 10 Anode Cent er i ng Devi ce f or Deep Anodes

2. 5. 11 Vent Pi pes

2. 5. 12 Seal i ng and Di el ect r i c Compound

2. 5. 13 Pr ot ect i ve Coat i ng

2. 5. 13. 1 Pi pel i ne Met al l i c Component s

2. 5. 13. 2 Fi el d Joi nt s

2. 5. 14 Pr ef or med Sheat hs

2. 5. 15 Epoxy Pot t i ng Compound

2. 5. 16 Backf i l l Shi el ds

2. 5. 17 I sol at i on Fl ange Set s/ Ki t s

2. 5. 18 Di el ect r i c Uni ons

2. 5. 19 El ect r i cal I sol at i on of St r uct ur es

2. 5. 19. 1 Gasket s

2. 5. 19. 2 I sol at i on Washer s and Sl eeves

2. 5. 20 El ect r i cal l y I sol at i ng Pi pe Joi nt s

2. 5. 20. 1 Thr eaded Fi t t i ngs

2. 5. 21 El ect r i cal l y Conduct i ve Coupl i ngs

2. 5. 22 St r ay Cur r ent Measur ement s

2. 5. 23 Cast - I n- Pl ace Concr et e

2. 5. 24 I sol at i on and End Seal s

2. 5. 24. 1 Casi ng I sol at or / Cent r al i zer

2. 5. 24. 2 End Seal s

2. 5. 25 St eel Fl anges and Bol t i ng

2. 5. 25. 1 St eel Fl anges

2. 5. 25. 2 Bol t i ng

2. 5. 26 Gr avel

2. 5. 27 Casi ng I sol at i on and Seal s

PART 3 EXECUTI ON

3. 1 SAFETY PRECAUTI ONS AND HAZARDOUS LOCATI ONS

3. 2 I NSTALLATI ON

3. 2. 1 Anode Bed I nst al l at i on

3. 2. 1. 1 Shal l ow Anode Beds

3. 2. 1. 1. 1 Hor i zont al l y Bur i ed Bar e Anodes

3. 2. 1. 1. 2 Ver t i cal l y Bur i ed Bar e Anodes

3. 2. 1. 1. 3 Hor i zont al l y Bur i ed Cani st er - Cont ai ned Anodes

3. 2. 1. 1. 4 Ver t i cal l y Bur i ed Cani st er - Cont ai ned Anodes

3. 2. 2 Remot e Anode Syst ems

3. 2. 3 Di st r i but ed Anode Syst ems

3. 2. 4 Li near Anode I CCP Syst ems

3. 2. 5 Deep Anode Lead Wi r e

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3. 2. 5. 1 Anode Cent er i ng

3. 2. 5. 2 Casi ng

3. 2. 6 Backf i l l

3. 2. 7 Cabl e Mar ker Tape

3. 3 MI SCELLANEOUS I NSTALLATI ON

3. 3. 1 Rect i f i er I nst al l at i on

3. 3. 2 Test St at i ons

3. 3. 3 Per manent Ref er ence El ect r odes

3. 3. 3. 1 Per manent Ref er ence El ect r ode Ver i f i cat i on

3. 3. 4 Bondi ng Boxes

3. 3. 5 Joi nt Bonds

3. 3. 6 Casi ngs, I sol at i on, and Seal s

3. 3. 7 Wi r e Connect i ons

3. 3. 7. 1 Wi r e- To- St r uct ur e Connect i ons

3. 3. 7. 2 Cabl e Pr ot ect i on

3. 3. 7. 3 Wi r e Spl i c i ng

3. 3. 8 St eel Sur f aces

3. 3. 9 Pi pe Joi nt s

3. 3. 10 El ect r i cal Cont i nui t y

3. 3. 11 El ect r i cal I sol at i on of St r uct ur es

3. 3. 11. 1 Gas Di st r i but i on Pi pi ng

3. 3. 11. 2 Locat i ons of El ect r i cal I sol at i on

3. 3. 11. 3 Copper Pi pi ng

3. 3. 11. 4 Under gr ound St or age Tanks ( UST)

3. 3. 11. 5 Di ssi mi l ar - Met al s

3. 3. 12 Fer r ous Val ves

3. 3. 13 Br ass or Br onze Val ves

3. 3. 14 Met al Pi pe Junct i on

3. 4 I NSTALLATI ON DETAI LS

3. 4. 1 Anode I nst al l at i on

3. 4. 2 Under gr ound Pi pe Joi nt Bonds

3. 4. 3 Anode Junct i on Boxes

3. 4. 4 Bondi ng Boxes

3. 4. 5 Test St at i ons and Per manent Ref er ence El ect r odes

3. 4. 6 Per manent Ref er ence El ect r ode Cal i br at i on and I nst al l at i on

3. 4. 6. 1 Fi el d Dr awi ngs

3. 5 ELECTRI CAL I SOLATI ON OF STRUCTURES

3. 5. 1 I sol at i on Fi t t i ngs

3. 5. 2 Di el ect r i c Uni ons

3. 5. 3 Gas Di st r i but i on Pi pi ng

3. 5. 4 Joi nt Bonds

3. 5. 5 Casi ngs, I sol at i on, and Seal s

3. 6 FI ELD QUALI TY CONTROL

3. 6. 1 Test s and Measur ement s

3. 6. 1. 1 Nat i ve Pot ent i al s

3. 6. 1. 2 Pr ot ect ed Pot ent i al s

3. 6. 1. 3 I sol at i on Test i ng

3. 6. 1. 4 I sol at i on Test er

3. 6. 1. 5 Anode Out put

3. 6. 1. 6 Ref er ence El ect r ode Pot ent i al Measur ement s

3. 6. 1. 7 Casi ng Test s

3. 6. 1. 8 Hol i day Test

3. 6. 1. 9 Rect i f i er Test i ng

3. 6. 1. 10 St r ay Cur r ent Measur ement s

3. 6. 1. 11 I nduced AC Test i ng

3. 6. 1. 12 I nt er f er ence Test s

3. 6. 1. 13 I ni t i al Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on Syst em Fi el d Test i ng

3. 6. 1. 14 Gover nment Fi el d Test i ng

3. 6. 1. 15 One- Year - War r ant y- Per i od- Test i ng

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3. 6. 1. 16 Fi nal Accept ance Fi el d Test i ng

3. 7 CLOSEOUT ACTI VI TI ES

3. 7. 1 Recondi t i oni ng of Sur f aces

3. 7. 1. 1 Concr et e

3. 7. 1. 2 Rest or at i on of Sod

3. 7. 1. 3 Rest or at i on of Pavement

3. 7. 1. 4 Cl eanup

3. 7. 2 Tr ai ni ng

3. 7. 2. 1 I nst r uct i on t o Gover nment Per sonnel

- - End of Sect i on Tabl e of Cont ent s - -

SECTI ON 26 42 17 Page 6

USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC UFGS- 26 42 17 ( May 2021)

Pr epar i ng Act i v i t y: USACE Super sedi ng UFGS- 26 42 17. 00 10 ( November 2008) UFGS- 26 42 19. 00 20 ( Apr i l 2006)

UNI FI ED FACI LI TI ES GUI DE SPECI FI CATI ONS

Ref er ences ar e i n agr eement wi t h UMRL dat ed Oct ober 2023

SECTI ON 26 42 17

I MPRESSED CURRENT CATHODI C PROTECTI ON ( I CCP) SYSTEM

05/ 21

NOTE: Thi s gui de speci f i cat i on cover s t he r equi r ement s f or a cat hodi c pr ot ect i on syst em usi ng I mpr essed Cur r ent anodes.

Adher e t o UFC 1- 300- 02 Uni f i ed Faci l i t i es Gui de Speci f i cat i ons ( UFGS) For mat St andar d when edi t i ng t hi s gui de speci f i cat i on or pr epar i ng new pr oj ect speci f i cat i on sect i ons. Edi t t hi s gui de speci f i cat i on f or pr oj ect speci f i c r equi r ement s by addi ng, del et i ng, or r evi s i ng t ext . For br acket ed i t ems, choose appl i cabl e i t em( s) or i nser t appr opr i at e i nf or mat i on.

Remove i nf or mat i on and r equi r ement s not r equi r ed i n r espect i ve pr oj ect , whet her or not br acket s ar e pr esent .

Comment s, suggest i ons and r ecommended changes f or t hi s gui de speci f i cat i on ar e wel come and must be submi t t ed as a Cr i t er i a Change Request ( CCR) .

PART 1 GENERAL

NOTE: The r equi r ement s f or t he cat hodi c pr ot ect i on syst ems must be det er mi ned by a cor r osi on engi neer f ol l owi ng t he cr i t er i a, desi gn, and i nst al l at i on r ecommendat i ons i ncl uded i n t he appl i cabl e Nat i onal Associ at i on of Cor r osi on Engi neer s ( NACE) St andar d f or t he t ype of st r uct ur e bei ng pr ot ect ed as l i s t ed i n t he r ef er ences.

NOTE: Thi s speci f i cat i on cover s a cat hodi c pr ot ect i on syst em f or met al sur f aces agai nst cor r osi on by pr oduci ng a cont i nuous f l ow of di r ect

SECTI ON 26 42 17 Page 7 cur r ent f r om I mpr essed Cur r ent anodes t o t he met al t o be pr ot ect ed. The anodes must be of suf f i c i ent s i ze and quant i t y t o pr ot ect t he bur i ed met al i t ems f or a speci f i ed number of year s bef or e r epl acement .

The U. S. Depar t ment of Tr anspor t at i on has i ssued r egul at i ons r equi r i ng t he appl i cat i on of cat hodi c pr ot ect i on t o nat ur al gas pi pel i nes, l i qui d nat ur al gas pi pel i nes, pet r ol eum pi pel i nes, pet r ol eum pr oduct s pi pel i nes, l i qui d pet r ol eum gas pi pel i nes, and pet r ol eum st or age f aci l i t i es. Ti t l e 49 of t he Code of Feder al Regul at i ons, Par t s 191, 192, 193 and 195 must be consul t ed f or appl i cabl e cat hodi c pr ot ect i on r equi r ement s f or speci f i c appl i cat i ons.

NOTE: The f ol l owi ng i nf or mat i on must be on t he dr awi ngs:

1. Locat i ons of al l under gr ound pi pes and st r uct ur es.

2. Locat i ons of al l anode, anode wi r es, and st r uct ur e wi r es.

3. Locat i ons of al l f l anges and uni ons.

4. Locat i ons of al l equi pment and component s.

5. I nst al l at i on det ai l s f or st r uct ur e connect i ons, j unct i on boxes, anodes and t est st at i ons.

6. Si ngl e- l i ne di agr ams el evat i ons, l i mi t i ng di mensi ons, and equi pment r at i ngs whi ch ar e not cover ed i n t he speci f i cat i on.

7. Remot e i ndi cat i ng or cont r ol r equi r ement s.

1. 1 REFERENCES

NOTE: Thi s par agr aph i s used t o l i s t t he publ i cat i ons c i t ed i n t he t ext of t he gui de speci f i cat i on. The publ i cat i ons ar e r ef er r ed t o i n t he t ext by basi c desi gnat i on onl y and l i s t ed i n t hi s par agr aph by or gani zat i on, desi gnat i on, dat e, and t i t l e.

Use t he Ref er ence Wi zar d' s Check Ref er ence f eat ur e when you add a Ref er ence I dent i f i er ( RI D) out si de of t he Sect i on' s Ref er ence Ar t i c l e t o aut omat i cal l y pl ace t he r ef er ence i n t he Ref er ence Ar t i c l e. Al so use t he Ref er ence Wi zar d' s Check Ref er ence f eat ur e t o updat e t he i ssue dat es.

Ref er ences not used i n t he t ext wi l l aut omat i cal l y be del et ed f r om t hi s sect i on of t he pr oj ect

SECTI ON 26 42 17 Page 8 speci f i cat i on when you choose t o r econci l e r ef er ences i n t he publ i sh pr i nt pr ocess.

The publ i cat i ons l i s t ed bel ow f or m a par t of t hi s speci f i cat i on t o t he ext ent r ef er enced. The publ i cat i ons ar e r ef er r ed t o wi t hi n t he t ext by t he basi c desi gnat i on onl y.

AMERI CAN SOCI ETY OF MECHANI CAL ENGI NEERS ( ASME)

ASME B1. 1 ( 2003; R 2018) Uni f i ed I nch Scr ew Thr eads ( UN and UNR Thr ead For m)

ASME B1. 20. 1 ( 2013; R 2018) Pi pe Thr eads, Gener al Pur pose ( I nch)

ASME B16. 5 ( 2020) Pi pe Fl anges and Fl anged Fi t t i ngs NPS 1/ 2 Thr ough NPS 24 Met r i c/ I nch St andar d

ASME B16. 21 ( 2021) Nonmet al l i c Fl at Gasket s f or Pi pe Fl anges

ASME B16. 39 ( 2020) St andar d f or Mal l eabl e I r on Thr eaded Pi pe Uni ons; Cl asses 150, 250, and 300

ASME B18. 2. 1 ( 2012; Er r at a 2013) Squar e and Hex Bol t s and Scr ews ( I nch Ser i es)

ASME B18. 2. 2 ( 2022) Nut s f or Gener al Appl i cat i ons:

Machi ne Scr ew Nut s, and Hex, Squar e, Hex Fl ange, and Coupl i ng Nut s ( I nch Ser i es)

ASTM I NTERNATI ONAL ( ASTM)

ASTM A53/ A53M ( 2022) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or Pi pe, St eel , Bl ack and Hot - Di pped, Zi nc- Coat ed, Wel ded and Seaml ess

ASTM A194/ A194M ( 2023) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or Car bon St eel , Al l oy St eel , and St ai nl ess St eel Nut s f or Bol t s f or Hi gh- Pr essur e or Hi gh- Temper at ur e Ser vi ce, or Bot h

ASTM A307 ( 2021) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or Car bon St eel Bol t s, St uds, and Thr eaded Rod 60 000 PSI Tensi l e St r engt h

ASTM A518/ A518M ( 1999; R 2022) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or Cor r osi on- Resi st ant Hi gh- Si l i con I r on Cast i ngs

ASTM B3 ( 2013) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or Sof t or Anneal ed Copper Wi r e

ASTM B8 ( 2011; R 2017) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or Concent r i c- Lay- St r anded Copper Conduct or s, Har d, Medi um- Har d, or Sof t

SECTI ON 26 42 17 Page 9

ASTM B418 ( 2016a; R2021) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or Cast and Wr ought Gal vani c Zi nc Anodes

ASTM C94/ C94M ( 2023) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or Ready- Mi xed Concr et e

ASTM D709 ( 2017) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or Lami nat ed Ther moset t i ng Mat er i al s

ASTM D1248 ( 2016) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or Pol yet hyl ene Pl ast i cs Ext r usi on Mat er i al s f or Wi r e and Cabl e

ASTM D2028/ D2028M ( 2015) Cut back Asphal t ( Rapi d- Cur i ng Type)

ASTM D3381/ D3381M ( 2018) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or Vi scosi t y- Gr aded Asphal t Bi nder f or Use i n Pavement Const r uct i on

I NSTI TUTE OF ELECTRI CAL AND ELECTRONI CS ENGI NEERS ( I EEE)

I EEE 81 ( 2012) Gui de f or Measur i ng Ear t h Resi st i v i t y, Gr ound I mpedance, and Ear t h Sur f ace Pot ent i al s of a Gr ound Syst em

I EEE C2 ( 2023) Nat i onal El ect r i cal Saf et y Code

I EEE C135. 30 ( 1988) St andar d f or Zi nc- Coat ed Fer r ous Gr ound Rods f or Over head or Under gr ound Li ne Const r uct i on

I NTERNATI ONAL ORGANI ZATI ON FOR STANDARDI ZATI ON ( I SO)

I SO 15589- 2 ( 2012) Pet r ol eum, Pet r ochemi cal and Nat ur al Gas I ndust r i es - Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on of Pi pel i ne Tr anspor t at i on Syst ems - Par t 2: Of f shor e Pi pel i nes

NACE I NTERNATI ONAL ( NACE)

NACE SP0106 ( 2018) Cont r ol of I nt er nal Cor r osi on i n St eel Pi pel i nes and Pi pi ng Syst ems

NACE SP0176 ( 2007) Cor r osi on Cont r ol of Submer ged Ar eas of Per manent l y I nst al l ed St eel Of f shor e St r uct ur es Associ at ed wi t h Pet r ol eum Pr oduct i on

NACE SP0177 ( 2019) Mi t i gat i on of Al t er nat i ng Cur r ent and Li ght ni ng Ef f ect s on Met al l i c St r uct ur es and Cor r osi on Cont r ol Syst ems

NACE SP0186 ( 1986; R 2007) Appl i cat i on of Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on f or Ext er nal Sur f aces of St eel Wel l Casi ngs

NACE SP0188 ( 1999; R 2006) Di scont i nui t y ( Hol i day) Test i ng of New Pr ot ect i ve Coat i ngs on Conduct i ve Subst r at es

SECTI ON 26 42 17 Page 10

NACE SP0193 ( 2016) Appl i cat i on of Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on t o Cont r ol Ext er nal Cor r osi on of Car bon St eel On- Gr ade St or age Tank Bot t oms

NACE SP0196 ( 2020) Gal vani c Anode Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on of I nt er nal Submer ged Sur f aces of St eel Wat er St or age Tanks

NACE SP0200 ( 2014) St andar d Pr act i ce St eel - Cased Pi pel i ne Pr act i ces

NACE SP0285 ( 2021) Ext er nal Cor r osi on Cont r ol of Under gr ound St or age Tank Syst ems by Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on

NACE SP0286 ( 1997; R 2007) St andar d Pr act i ce El ect r i cal I sol at i on of Cat hodi cal l y Pr ot ect ed Pi pel i nes

NACE SP0388 ( 2018) I mpr essed Cur r ent Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on of I nt er nal Submer ged Sur f aces of Car bon St eel Wat er St or age Tanks - I t em No. 21040

NACE SP0607 ( 2007) Pet r ol eum and Nat ur al Gas I ndust r i es — Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on of Pi pel i ne Tr anspor t at i on Syst ems — Par t 2:

Of f shor e Pi pel i nes

NACE SP21424 ( 2018) Al t er nat i ng Cur r ent Cor r osi on on Cat hodi cal l y Pr ot ect ed Pi pel i nes: Ri sk Assessment , Mi t i gat i on and Moni t or i ng

NACE TPC 11 ( 2008) A Gui de t o t he Or gani zat i on of Under gr ound Cor r osi on- Cont r ol Coor di nat i ng Commi t t ees

NATI ONAL ELECTRI CAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCI ATI ON ( NEMA)

ANSI C119. 1 ( 2023) El ect r i c Connect or s - Seal ed I nsul at ed Under gr ound Connect or Syst ems Rat ed 600 Vol t s

NEMA I CS 6 ( 1993; R 2016) I ndust r i al Cont r ol and Syst ems: Encl osur es

NEMA RN 1 ( 2005; R 2013) Pol yvi nyl - Chl or i de ( PVC) Ext er nal l y Coat ed Gal vani zed Ri gi d St eel Condui t and I nt er medi at e Met al Condui t

NEMA TC 2 ( 2020) St andar d f or El ect r i cal Pol yvi nyl Chl or i de ( PVC) Condui t

NATI ONAL FI RE PROTECTI ON ASSOCI ATI ON ( NFPA)

NFPA 70 ( 2023; ERTA 4 2023) Nat i onal El ect r i cal Code

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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ( DOD)

MI L- A- 18001 ( 1993) Anodes, Sacr i f i c i al Zi nc Al l oy

MI L- I - 1361 ( 1985; Rev C; Not i ce 1 1991; Not i ce 2 2021) I nst r ument Auxi l i ar i es, El ect r i cal Measur i ng: Shunt s, Resi st or s and Tr ansf or mer s

UNDERWRI TERS LABORATORI ES ( UL)

UL 6 ( 2022) UL St andar d f or Saf et y El ect r i cal Ri gi d Met al Condui t - St eel

UL 44 ( 2018; Repr i nt May 2021) UL St andar d f or Saf et y Ther moset - I nsul at ed Wi r es and Cabl es

UL 83 ( 2017; Repr i nt Mar 2020) UL St andar d f or Saf et y Ther mopl ast i c- I nsul at ed Wi r es and Cabl es

UL 467 ( 2022) UL St andar d f or Saf et y Gr oundi ng and Bondi ng Equi pment

UL 486A- 486B ( 2018; Repr i nt Jul 2023) UL St andar d f or Saf et y Wi r e Connect or s

UL 489 ( 2016; Rev 2019) UL St andar d f or Saf et y Mol ded- Case Ci r cui t Br eaker s, Mol ded- Case Swi t ches and Ci r cui t - Br eaker Encl osur es

UL 506 ( 2017; Repr i nt Jan 2022) UL St andar d f or Saf et y Speci al t y Tr ansf or mer s

UL 510 ( 2020; Dec 2022) UL St andar d f or Saf et y Pol yvi nyl Chl or i de, Pol yet hyl ene and Rubber I nsul at i ng Tape

UL 514A ( 2013; Repr i nt Jun 2022) UL St andar d f or Saf et y Met al l i c Out l et Boxes

UL 514B ( 2012; Repr i nt May 2020) Condui t , Tubi ng and Cabl e Fi t t i ngs

UL 854 ( 2020; Repr i nt Jan 2022) St andar d f or Ser vi ce- Ent r ance Cabl es

1. 2 DEFI NI TI ONS

I t i s conveni ent t o c l assi f y cor r osi on by t he f or ms i n whi ch i t mani f est s i t sel f , t he basi s f or t hi s c l assi f i cat i on bei ng t he appear ance of t he cor r oded met al . Each f or m can be i dent i f i ed by v i sual obser vat i on, al t hough, i n some cases, magni f i cat i on i s r equi r ed. Val uabl e i nf or mat i on f or t he sol ut i on of a cor r osi on pr obl em can of t en be obt ai ned t hr ough car ef ul obser vat i on of t he cor r oded t est speci mens or f ai l ed equi pment .

Exami nat i on bef or e c l eani ng i s par t i cul ar l y desi r abl e. Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on i s a met hod used t o cont r ol cor r osi on.

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1. 2. 1 Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on

Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on ( CP) i s an el ect r ochemi cal ( hal f el ect r i cal and hal f chemi cal ) met hod used t o cont r ol cor r osi on of bur i ed or submer ged met al l i c st r uct ur es. I t pr event s cor r osi on by maki ng t he pr ot ect ed st r uct ur e a cat hode by i nst al l i ng a mor e anodi c met al ( sacr i f i c i al or gal vani c) anode or a met al l i c ( I mpr essed Cur r ent ) anode connect ed t o a Di r ect Cur r ent ( DC) power sour ce. When t he pr oper amount of cur r ent i s appl i ed t o t he st r uct ur e, i t becomes a cat hode. Si nce al l cor r osi on occur s at t he anode, t he st r uct ur e no l onger cor r odes. The el ect r ons move i n t he met al l i c pat h ( el ect r i cal ) . Reduct i on ( chemi cal ) r eact i ons occur at t he sur f ace of t he cat hode r esul t i ng i n a hydr ogen coat i ng and mor e al kal i ne envi r onment .

Oxi dat i on ( chemi cal ) r eact i ons occur at t he sur f ace of t he anode r esul t i ng i n cor r osi on and a mor e aci di c envi r onment . Af t er a CP syst em i s i nst al l ed and adj ust ed t o pr ovi de adequat e pr ot ect i on, t he hydr ogen coat s t he def ect s i n t he coat i ng and pol ar i zes i n t he negat i ve di r ect i on ( t o a copper / copper sul f at e r ef er ence el ect r ode) over t i me t he cur r ent and pot ent i al s r emai n r el at i vel y st abl e; changes i n cur r ent s or pot ent i al s i ndi cat e a pr obl em. An er r or - f r ee measur ement of negat i ve 850 mi l l i vol t s DC or mor e negat i ve t o t he copper / copper - sul f at e r ef er ence el ect r ode pr oves t he st r uct ur e i s a cat hode and cor r osi on has been mi t i gat ed.

1. 2. 2 Cor r osi on

I t i s conveni ent t o c l assi f y cor r osi on by t he f or ms i n whi ch i t mani f est s i t sel f , t he basi s f or t hi s c l assi f i cat i on bei ng t he appear ance of t he cor r oded met al . Each f or m can be i dent i f i ed by v i sual obser vat i on, al t hough, i n some cases, magni f i cat i on i s r equi r ed. Val uabl e i nf or mat i on f or t he sol ut i on of a cor r osi on pr obl em can of t en be obt ai ned t hr ough car ef ul obser vat i on of t he cor r oded t est speci mens or f ai l ed equi pment .

Exami nat i on bef or e c l eani ng i s par t i cul ar l y desi r abl e. Some of t he ei ght f or ms of cor r osi on ar e uni que, but al l of t hem ar e mor e or l ess i nt er r el at ed.

The ei ght f or ms of cor r osi on ar e: ( 1) Uni f or m At t ack, ( 2) Gal vani c or Two- Met al Cor r osi on, ( 3) Cr evi ce Cor r osi on, ( 4) Pi t t i ng Cor r osi on, ( 5) I nt er gr anul ar Cor r osi on, ( 6) Sel ect i ve Leachi ng, ( 7) Er osi on Cor r osi on, and ( 8) St r ess Cor r osi on Cr acki ng. Thi s l i s t i ng i s ar bi t r ar y but cover s pr act i cal l y al l cor r osi on f ai l ur es and pr obl ems. The f or ms ar e not l i s t ed i n any par t i cul ar or der of i mpor t ance. Bel ow, t he ei ght f or ms of cor r osi on ar e di scussed i n t er ms of t hei r char act er i st i cs, mechani sms, and pr event i ve measur es. Hydr ogen damage, al t hough not a f or m of cor r osi on, of t en occur s i ndi r ect l y as a r esul t of cor r osi ve at t ack and i s, t her ef or e, i ncl uded i n t hi s di scussi on.

1. 2. 3 Al t er nat i ng Cur r ent ( AC) Cor r osi on

AC cor r osi on occur s when t her e i s a sour ce of AC cur r ent , t ypi cal l y f r om a hi gh- vol t age over head AC ( OHAC) power - l i ne, when t her e i s a l ow soi l r esi st i v i t y ( t ypi cal l y l ess t han 5, 000 ohm- cm) and t her e i s a ver y smal l coat i ng hol i day. The AC cor r osi on pi t s t ypi cal l y have a t uber cl e of cor r osi on pr oduct at t he pi t . AC i nt er f er ence st udy model i ng sof t war e can det er mi ne t he mi t i gat i on sol ut i on t o sol ve t hi s pr obl em. Typi cal l y, AC Cor r osi on mi t i gat i on i s done i n conj unct i on wi t h hi gh AC pot ent i al s and f aul t cur r ent mi t i gat i on.

1. 2. 4 AC I nt er f er ence

AC i nt er f er ence occur s when a pi pel i ne par al l el s a hi gh- vol t age over head

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AC ( OHAC) power - l i ne. An i nt er f er ence st udy i s r equi r ed when t hi s s i t uat i on occur s as AC i nt er f er ence can cause hi gh AC pot ent i al s al ong t he pi pel i ne ( saf et y) , can cause a f aul t condi t i on bet ween t he pi pel i ne and power - l i ne and coul d cause AC cor r osi on t o occur . The pi pel i ne coat i ng when exposed can have bl i st er s/ bubbl es caused by t he excessi ve AC. The i nt er f er ence st udy wi l l use model i ng sof t war e t o det er mi ne what combi nat i on of i nt er f er ence may be occur r i ng ( i f any) and pr ovi de t he mi t i gat i on sol ut i on t o sol ve t he pr obl em.

1. 2. 5 Uni f or m At t ack

Uni f or m at t ack i s t he most common f or m of cor r osi on. I t i s nor mal l y char act er i zed by a chemi cal or el ect r ochemi cal r eact i on t hat pr oceeds uni f or ml y over t he ent i r e exposed sur f ace or over a l ar ge ar ea. The met al becomes t hi nner and event ual l y f ai l s . For exampl e, a pi ece of st eel or z i nc i mmer sed i n di l ut e sul f ur i c aci d nor mal l y di ssol ves at a uni f or m r at e over i t s ent i r e sur f ace. A sheet i r on r oof shows essent i al l y t he same degr ee of r ust i ng over i t s ent i r e out si de sur f ace.

Uni f or m at t ack, or gener al over al l cor r osi on, r epr esent s t he gr eat est dest r uct i on of met al on a t onnage basi s. Thi s f or m of cor r osi on, however , i s not of gr eat concer n f r om a t echni cal st andpoi nt , because t he l i f e of equi pment can be accur at el y est i mat ed on t he basi s of compar at i vel y s i mpl e t est s. Mer el y i mmer si ng speci mens i n t he f l ui d i nvol ved i s of t en suf f i c i ent . Uni f or m at t ack can be pr event ed or r educed by ( 1) mat er i al s, such as coat i ngs, t hat r educe cont act bet ween met al and el ect r ol yt es, ( 2) i nhi bi t or s, or ( 3) cat hodi c pr ot ect i on.

1. 2. 6 Gal vani c or Two- Met al Cor r osi on

A pot ent i al di f f er ence usual l y exi st s bet ween t wo di ssi mi l ar - met al s when t hey ar e i mmer sed i n a cor r osi ve or conduct i ve sol ut i on. I f t hese met al s ar e pl aced i n cont act ( or ot her wi se el ect r i cal l y connect ed) , t hi s pot ent i al di f f er ence pr oduces el ect r on f l ow bet ween t hem. Cor r osi on of t he l ess cor r osi on- r esi st ant met al i s usual l y i ncr eased, and at t ack of t he mor e r esi st ant mat er i al i s decr eased, compar ed t o t he behavi or of t hese met al s when t hey ar e not i n cont act . The l ess r esi st ant met al becomes anodi c and t he mor e r esi st ant met al becomes cat hodi c. Usual l y t he cat hode or cat hodi c met al cor r odes ver y l i t t l e or not at al l i n t hi s t ype of coupl e. Because of t he el ect r i c cur r ent s and di ssi mi l ar - met al s i nvol ved, t hi s f or m of cor r osi on i s cal l ed gal vani c, bi - met al l i c or t wo- met al , cor r osi on. Gal vani c cor r osi on i s r est r i ct ed t o el ect r ochemi cal cor r osi on caused by di ssi mi l ar - met al ef f ect s. I t i s el ect r ochemi cal cor r osi on, but t hi s document must r est r i ct t he t er m gal vani c t o di ssi mi l ar - met al ef f ect s f or pur poses of c l ar i t y.

1. 2. 7 Cr evi ce Cor r osi on

I nt ense l ocal i zed cor r osi on f r equent l y occur s wi t hi n cr evi ces and ot her shi el ded ar eas on met al sur f aces exposed t o cor r osi ves. Thi s t ype of at t ack i s usual l y associ at ed wi t h smal l vol umes of st agnant sol ut i on caused by hol es, gasket sur f aces, l ap j oi nt s, sur f ace deposi t s, and cr evi ces under bol t and r i vet heads. As a r esul t , t hi s f or m of cor r osi on i s cal l ed cr evi ce cor r osi on or , somet i mes, deposi t or gasket cor r osi on.

1. 2. 8 Pi t t i ng Cor r osi on

Pi t t i ng i s a f or m of ext r emel y l ocal i zed at t ack t hat r esul t s i n hol es i n t he met al . These hol es may be smal l or l ar ge i n di amet er , but i n most

SECTI ON 26 42 17 Page 14 cases t hey ar e r el at i vel y smal l . Pi t s ar e somet i mes i sol at ed or so c l ose t oget her t hat t hey l ook l i ke a r ough sur f ace. Gener al l y a pi t may be descr i bed as a cavi t y or hol e wi t h t he sur f ace di amet er about t he same as or l ess t han t he dept h. Pi t t i ng i s one of t he most dest r uct i ve and i nsi di ous f or ms of cor r osi on. I t causes equi pment t o f ai l because of per f or at i on wi t h onl y a smal l per cent wei ght l oss of t he ent i r e st r uct ur e. I t i s of t en di f f i cul t t o det ect pi t s because of t hei r smal l s i ze and because t he pi t s ar e of t en cover ed wi t h cor r osi on pr oduct s. I n addi t i on, i t i s di f f i cul t t o measur e quant i t at i vel y and compar e t he ext ent of pi t t i ng because of t he var yi ng dept hs and number s of pi t s t hat may occur under i dent i cal condi t i ons. Pi t t i ng i s al so di f f i cul t t o pr edi ct by l abor at or y t est s. Somet i mes t he pi t s r equi r e a l ong t i me ( sever al mont hs or a year ) t o show up i n act ual ser vi ce. Pi t t i ng i s par t i cul ar l y v i c i ous because i t i s a l ocal i zed and i nt ense f or m of cor r osi on, and f ai l ur es of t en occur wi t h ext r eme suddenness.

1. 2. 9 I nt er gr anul ar Cor r osi on

Gr ai n boundar y ef f ect s ar e of l i t t l e or no consequence i n most appl i cat i ons or uses of met al s. I f a met al cor r odes, uni f or m at t ack r esul t s s i nce gr ai n boundar i es ar e usual l y onl y s l i ght l y mor e r eact i ve t han t he mat r i x. However , under cer t ai n condi t i ons, gr ai n i nt er f aces ar e ver y r eact i ve and i nt er gr anul ar cor r osi on r esul t s. Local i zed at t ack at and adj acent t o gr ai n boundar i es, wi t h r el at i vel y l i t t l e cor r osi on of t he gr ai ns, i s i nt er gr anul ar cor r osi on. The al l oy di s i nt egr at es ( gr ai ns f al l out ) or l oses i t s st r engt h. I nt er gr anul ar cor r osi on can be caused by i mpur i t i es at t he gr ai n boundar i es, enr i chment of one of t he al l oyi ng el ement s, or depl et i on of one of t hese el ement s i n t he gr ai n- boundar y ar eas. Smal l amount s of i r on i n al umi num, wher ei n t he sol ubi l i t y of i r on i s l ow, have been shown t o segr egat e i n t he gr ai n boundar i es and cause i nt er gr anul ar cor r osi on. I t has been shown t hat , based on sur f ace t ensi on consi der at i ons, t he z i nc cont ent of a br ass i s hi gher at t he gr ai n boundar i es. Depl et i on of chr omi um i n t he gr ai n- boundar y r egi ons r esul t s i n i nt er gr anul ar cor r osi on of st ai nl ess st eel s.

1. 2. 10 Sel ect i ve Leachi ng

Sel ect i ve l eachi ng i s t he r emoval of one el ement f r om a sol i d al l oy by cor r osi on pr ocesses. The most common exampl e i s t he sel ect i ve r emoval of z i nc i n br ass al l oys ( dezi nci f i cat i on) . Si mi l ar pr ocesses occur i n ot her al l oy syst ems i n whi ch al umi num, i r on, cobal t , chr omi um, and ot her el ement s ar e r emoved. Sel ect i ve l eachi ng i s t he gener al t er m t o descr i be t hese pr ocesses, and i t s use pr ecl udes t he cr eat i on of t er ms such as de- al umi numi f i cat i on, de- cobal t i f i cat i on. Par t i ng i s a met al l ur gi cal t er m t hat i s somet i mes appl i ed, but sel ect i ve l eachi ng i s pr ef er r ed.

1. 2. 11 Er osi on Cor r osi on

Er osi on cor r osi on i s t he accel er at i on or i ncr ease i n r at e of det er i or at i on or at t ack on a met al because of r el at i ve movement bet ween a cor r osi ve f l ui d and t he met al sur f ace. Gener al l y, t hi s movement i s qui t e r api d, and mechani cal wear ef f ect s or abr asi on ar e i nvol ved. Met al i s r emoved f r om t he sur f ace as di ssol ved i ons, or i t f or ms sol i d cor r osi on pr oduct s, whi ch ar e mechani cal l y swept f r om t he met al sur f ace. Somet i mes, movement of t he envi r onment decr eases cor r osi on, par t i cul ar l y when l ocal i zed at t ack occur s under st agnant condi t i ons; t hi s i s not er osi on cor r osi on because det er i or at i on i s not i ncr eased. Er osi on cor r osi on i s char act er i zed i n appear ance by gr ooves, gul l i es, waves, r ounded hol es, and val l eys and usual l y exhi bi t s a di r ect i onal pat t er n. I n many cases, f ai l ur es because

SECTI ON 26 42 17 Page 15 of er osi on cor r osi on occur i n a r el at i vel y shor t t i me, and t hey ar e unexpect ed l ar gel y because eval uat i on cor r osi on t est s wer e r un under st at i c condi t i ons or because t he er osi on ef f ect s wer e not consi der ed.

1. 2. 12 St r ess- Cor r osi on Cr acki ng

St r ess- cor r osi on cr acki ng r ef er s t o cr acki ng caused by t he s i mul t aneous pr esence of t ensi l e st r ess and a speci f i c cor r osi ve medi um. Many i nvest i gat or s have cl assi f i ed al l cr acki ng f ai l ur es occur r i ng i n cor r osi ve medi a as st r ess- cor r osi on cr acki ng, i ncl udi ng f ai l ur es due t o hydr ogen embr i t t l ement . However , t hese t wo t ypes of cr acki ng f ai l ur es r espond di f f er ent l y t o envi r onment al var i abl es. To i l l ust r at e, CP i s an ef f ect i ve met hod f or pr event i ng st r ess- cor r osi on cr acki ng; however , hydr ogen- embr i t t l ement may be caused when excessi ve cur r ent i s appl i ed, especi al l y on st ai nl ess st eel . Hence, t he i mpor t ance of consi der i ng st r ess- cor r osi on cr acki ng and hydr ogen embr i t t l ement as separ at e phenomena i s obvi ous. Dur i ng st r ess- cor r osi on cr acki ng, t he met al or al l oy i s v i r t ual l y unat t acked over most of i t s sur f ace, whi l e f i ne cr acks pr ogr ess t hr ough i t . Thi s cr acki ng phenomenon has ser i ous consequences, s i nce i t can occur at st r esses wi t hi n t he r ange of t ypi cal desi gn st r ess.

1. 2. 13 Exot her mi c Wel di ng

Exot her mi c wel di ng i s used i n CP t o connect a copper wi r e t o a met al l i c st r uct ur e, usual l y st eel or cast - i r on. I t i s a pyr ot echni c composi t i on of copper oxi de, al umi num powder and magnesi um powder . The magnesi um powder i s i gni t ed wi t h a spar k gun or el ect r oni c i gni t i on equi pment . The al umi num powder ser ves as f uel , and mel t s t he copper oxi de, whi ch bonds t he wi r e t o t he st r uct ur e. Al t hough not expl osi ve, i t can cr eat e br i ef bur st s of heat and hi gh t emper at ur e i n a smal l ar ea.

1. 2. 14 Er r or - Fr ee

Pot ent i al measur ement er r or due t o a vol t age dr op caused by cur r ent f l owi ng t hr ough a r esi st or ( t he el ect ol yt e) bet ween t he r ef er ence el ect r ode and t he pr ot ect ed st r uct ur e.

1. 3 ADMI NI STRATI VE REQUI REMENTS

Af t er awar d of t he cont r act , but pr i or t o commencement of any wor k at t he si t e, meet wi t h t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer or t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer ' s Repr esent at i ve, Techni cal Exper t and Pr oj ect Manager . Devel op a mut ual under st andi ng r el at i ve t o t he admi ni st r at i on of t he val ue engi neer i ng, t he saf et y pr ogr am, pr epar at i on of t he schedul e of pr i ces or ear ned val ue r epor t . Revi ew shop dr awi ngs, ot her submi t t al s, schedul i ng pr ogr ammi ng, execut i on of t he wor k, and cl ear expect at i ons of t he " I nt er i m Depar t ment of Def ense ( DD) For m 1354" submi t t al . Maj or subcont r act or s who wi l l engage i n t he wor k must al so at t end.

1. 4 SUBMI TTALS

NOTE: Revi ew submi t t al descr i pt i on ( SD) def i ni t i ons i n Sect i on 01 33 00 SUBMI TTAL PROCEDURES and edi t t he f ol l owi ng l i s t , and cor r espondi ng submi t t al i t ems i n t he t ext , t o r ef l ect onl y t he submi t t al s r equi r ed f or t he pr oj ect . The Gui de Speci f i cat i on t echni cal edi t or s have cl assi f i ed t hose i t ems t hat r equi r e Gover nment appr oval , due t o t hei r compl exi t y

SECTI ON 26 42 17 Page 16 or cr i t i cal i t y, wi t h a " G. " Gener al l y, ot her submi t t al i t ems can be r evi ewed by t he Cont r act or ' s Qual i t y Cont r ol Syst em. Onl y add a “ G” t o an i t em, i f t he submi t t al i s suf f i c i ent l y i mpor t ant or compl ex i n cont ext of t he pr oj ect .

For Ar my pr oj ect s, f i l l i n t he empt y br acket s f ol l owi ng t he " G" c l assi f i cat i on, wi t h a code of up t o t hr ee char act er s t o i ndi cat e t he appr ovi ng aut hor i t y. Codes f or Ar my pr oj ect s usi ng t he Resi dent Management Syst em ( RMS) ar e: " AE" f or Ar chi t ect - Engi neer ; " DO" f or Di st r i ct Of f i ce ( Engi neer i ng Di v i s i on or ot her or gani zat i on i n t he Di st r i ct Of f i ce) ; " AO" f or Ar ea Of f i ce; " RO" f or Resi dent Of f i ce; and " PO" f or Pr oj ect Of f i ce. Codes f ol l owi ng t he " G" t ypi cal l y ar e not used f or Navy and Ai r For ce pr oj ect s.

The " S" c l assi f i cat i on i ndi cat es submi t t al s r equi r ed as pr oof of compl i ance f or sust ai nabi l i t y Gui di ng Pr i nci pl es Val i dat i on or Thi r d Par t y Cer t i f i cat i on and as descr i bed i n 01 33 00 SUBMI TTAL PROCEDURES.

Choose t he f i r st br acket ed i t em f or Navy and Ai r For ce pr oj ect s, or choose t he second br acket ed i t em f or Ar my pr oj ect s.

Gover nment appr oval i s r equi r ed f or submi t t al s wi t h a " G" or " S" c l assi f i cat i on. Submi t t al s not havi ng a " G" or " S" c l assi f i cat i on ar e [ f or Cont r act or Qual i t y Cont r ol appr oval . ] [ f or i nf or mat i on onl y. When used, a code f ol l owi ng t he " G" c l assi f i cat i on i dent i f i es t he of f i ce t hat wi l l r evi ew t he submi t t al f or t he Gover nment . ] Submi t t he f ol l owi ng i n accor dance wi t h Sect i on 01 33 00 SUBMI TTAL PROCEDURES:

SD- 01 Pr econst r uct i on Submi t t al s

Pr econst r uct i on Sur vey

SD- 02 Shop Dr awi ngs

Dr awi ngs; G[ , [ _____] ]

Anode j unct i on boxes, bondi ng boxes, and t est st at i ons

Joi nt bonds

Cont r act or ' s Modi f i cat i ons; G[ , [ _____] ]

SD- 03 Pr oduct Dat a

Qual i f i cat i ons

Equi pment ; G[ , [ _____] ]

Anodes; G[ , [ _____] ]

Anode j unct i on boxes, bondi ng boxes, and t est st at i ons

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I sol at i on f l ange ki t s

Di el ect r i c uni ons

Wi r es

Cabl e and wi r e

Casi ngs, i sol at i on, and seal s

Shunt s

Per manent r ef er ence el ect r odes; G[ , [ _____] ]

Spar e Par t s

SD- 06 Test Repor t s

Test s and Measur ement s; G[ , [ _____] ]

Cont r act or ' s Modi f i cat i ons; G[ , [ _____] ]

SD- 10 Oper at i on and Mai nt enance Dat a

Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on Syst em; G[ , [ _____] ]

Tr ai ni ng Cour se; G[ , [ _____] ]

Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on Syst em, Dat a Package 5; G[ , [ _____] ]

SD- 11, Cl oseout Submi t t al s

I ni t i al Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on Syst em Fi el d Test i ng; G[ , [ _____] ]

One Year War r ant y Per i od Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on Syst em Fi el d Test Repor t ; G[ , [ _____] ]

Fi nal Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on Syst em Fi el d Test Repor t ; G[ , [ _____] ]

1. 4. 1 Mat er i al and Equi pment Manuf act ur er Dat a

DATE I SSUE NO. REQUEST DATE REQUESTED BY REQUEST REF. NO.

MANUFACTURER NAME

DESCRI PTI ON OF EQUI PMENT

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DATE I SSUE NO. REQUEST DATE REQUESTED BY REQUEST REF. NO.

1. 5 MAI NTENANCE MATERI AL SUBMI TTALS

1. 5. 1 Spar e Par t s

Af t er appr oval of shop dr awi ngs, f ur ni sh spar e par t s dat a f or each di f f er ent i t em of mat er i al and equi pment speci f i ed. The dat a must i ncl ude a compl et e l i s t of par t s, speci al t ool s, and suppl i es, wi t h cur r ent uni t pr i ces and sour ce of suppl y.

Af t er appr oval of shop dr awi ngs, f ur ni sh r evi sed spar e par t s f or any changes made f r om or i gi nal submi t t al . One spar e anode of each t ype must be f ur ni shed. I n addi t i on, suppl y i nf or mat i on f or mat er i al and equi pment r epl acement f or al l ot her component s of t he compl et e syst em, i ncl udi ng anodes, cabl es, spl i ce k i t s and connect or s, cor r osi on t est st at i ons, and any ot her component s not l i s t ed above. Fur ni sh [ one r ef er ence el ect r ode on a hand r eel wi t h 120 met er s 350 f eet of conduct or ] , [ one di gi t al vol t met er t hat can be used i n t he mai nt enance of t hi s CP syst em] .

Demonst r at e use of f ur ni shed equi pment i n act ual t est s dur i ng t he t r ai ni ng cour se. Pr ovi de a descr i pt i on of equi pment of t he pi pe- t o- soi l pr ot ect ed st r uct ur e and f or ei gn st r uct ur es at el ect r i cal i sol at i on bet ween t he ut i l i t y suppl i er and t he f aci l i t y pi pi ng.

1. 5. 2 Ext r a Mat er i al s

Fur ni sh [ one r ef er ence el ect r ode on a hand r eel wi t h 120 met er s 350 f eet of conduct or ] , [ one hi gh- i nput - i mpedance di gi t al mul t i met er t hat can be used i n t he mai nt enance of t hi s CP syst em] . Demonst r at e use of f ur ni shed equi pment i n act ual t est s dur i ng t he t r ai ni ng cour se. Pr ovi de a descr i pt i on of equi pment of t he pi pe- t o- soi l pr ot ect ed st r uct ur e and f or ei gn st r uct ur es at el ect r i cal i sol at i on bet ween t he ut i l i t y suppl i er and t he f aci l i t y pi pi ng. I ncl ude a descr i pt i on of t he equi pment and measur ement of t he pi pe- t o- soi l pot ent i al s, anode vol t age, anode cur r ent and soi l condi t i on.

1. 6 QUALI TY CONTROL

1. 6. 1 Regul at or y Requi r ement s

Obt ai n t he ser vi ces of a cor r osi on exper t t o super vi se, i nspect , and t est t he i nst al l at i on and per f or mance of t he CP syst em. The t er m " cor r osi on exper t " r ef er s t o a per son, who by t hor ough knowl edge of t he physi cal sci ences and t he pr i nci pl es of engi neer i ng and mat hemat i cs, acqui r ed by pr of essi onal educat i on and r el at ed pr act i cal exper i ence, i s qual i f i ed t o engage i n t he pr act i ce of cor r osi on cont r ol of bur i ed or submer ged met al l i c st r uct ur es.

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1. 6. 2 Qual i f i cat i ons

The cor r osi on exper t must be accr edi t ed or cer t i f i ed by NACE I nt er nat i onal , as a CP- 4 CP Speci al i st or be a NACE I nt er nat i onal cer t i f i ed Cor r osi on Speci al i st or a r egi st er ed pr of essi onal engi neer who has cer t i f i cat i on or l i censi ng t hat i ncl udes educat i on and exper i ence i n CP of t he t ype of CP syst em bei ng i nst al l ed. The cor r osi on exper t must have not l ess t han [ t hr ee] [ f i ve] [ _____] year s of exper i ence i n t he t ype of CP f or bur i ed or submer ged met al l i c st r uct ur es under t hi s cont r act .

Submi t evi dence of qual i f i cat i ons of t he cor r osi on exper t i ncl udi ng t hei r name and qual i f i cat i ons cer t i f i ed i n wr i t i ng t o t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer or t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer ' s Repr esent at i ve, Techni cal Exper t and Pr oj ect Manager pr i or t o t he st ar t of const r uct i on. Cer t i f i cat i on must be submi t t ed gi v i ng t he name of t he f i r m, t he number of year s of exper i ence, and a l i s t of not l ess t han f i ve of t he f i r m' s i nst al l at i ons, t hr ee or mor e year s ol d, t hat have been t est ed and f ound sat i sf act or y.

1. 6. 3 Ser vi ces of Cor r osi on Exper t

The " cor r osi on exper t " must make a mi ni mum of t hr ee vi s i t s t o t he pr oj ect s i t e. The f i r st of t hese vi s i t s wi l l i ncl ude obt ai ni ng soi l r esi st i v i t y dat a, acknowl edgi ng t he t ype of pi pel i ne coat i ngs t o be used and r epor t i ng t o t he cont r act or i f I mpr essed Cur r ent Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on ( I CCP) or Gal vani c Anode Cat hodi c Pr ot ect i on ( GACP) i s r equi r ed. Once t he submi t t al s ar e appr oved and t he mat er i al s del i ver ed, t he " cor r osi on exper t " wi l l r evi s i t t he s i t e t o ver i f y t he mat er i al s meet submi t t al r equi r ement s, ensur e t he cont r act or under st ands i nst al l at i on pr act i ces and t hat t he cont r act or i s capabl e and qual i f i ed t o compl et e t he i nst al l at i on.

The " cor r osi on exper t " wi l l be avai l abl e ( but not necessar i l y be onsi t e t he ent i r e t i me) dur i ng t he i nst al l at i on of t he CP syst em t o answer quest i ons, appr ove any changes or addi t i ons r equi r ed dur i ng const r uct i on, or t o pr ovi de r ecommendat i ons as r equi r ed. The t hi r d v i s i t i s t o compl et e t he t r ai ni ng and demonst r at i ons t o appl i cabl e per sonnel on pr oper t est i ng and mai nt enance t echni ques and t o compl et e t est i ng t he i nst al l ed CP syst ems t o ensur e i t has been i nst al l ed pr oper l y and meet s adequat e CP cr i t er i a. An addi t i onal v i s i t i s r equi r ed i f t he One- Year - War r ant y- Per i od- Test i ng i s r equi r ed.

1. 7 DELI VERY, STORAGE AND HANDLI NG

St or age ar ea f or cor r osi on mat er i al wi l l be desi gnat ed by t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer or t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer ' s Repr esent at i ve, Techni cal Exper t and Pr oj ect Manager . I f mat er i al ar e not st or ed i n a bui l di ng, t ar ps or s i mi l ar pr ot ect i on must be used t o pr ot ect mat er i al f r om i ncl ement weat her . Resack and add backf i l l t o packaged anodes t hat ar e damaged as a r esul t of i mpr oper handl i ng or exposur e t o r ai n.

1. 8 PROJECT/ SI TE CONDI TI ONS

1. 8. 1 Envi r onment al Requi r ement s

NOTE: The envi r onment al r equi r ement s wi t h whi ch t he cont r act or must compl y must be devel oped dur i ng t he desi gn pr ocess, i ncl uded i n t he bi ddi ng document s, and made a par t of t he cont r act .

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1. 8. 2 Exi st i ng Condi t i ons

Pr i or t o st ar t of any onsi t e const r uct i on act i v i t i es, per f or m a Pr econst r uct i on Sur vey of t he pr oj ect s i t e wi t h t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer or t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer ' s Repr esent at i ve, Techni cal Exper t and Pr oj ect Manager , and t ake phot ogr aphs showi ng exi st i ng envi r onment al condi t i ons i n and adj acent t o t he s i t e. Submi t a r epor t f or t he r ecor d. I ncl ude i n t he r epor t a pl an descr i bi ng t he f eat ur es r equi r i ng pr ot ect i on under t he pr ovi s i ons of t he Cont r act Cl auses, whi ch ar e not speci f i cal l y i dent i f i ed on t he dr awi ngs as envi r onment al f eat ur es r equi r i ng pr ot ect i on al ong wi t h t he condi t i on of t r ees, shr ubs and gr assed ar eas i mmedi at el y adj acent t o t he s i t e of wor k and adj acent t o t he cont r act or ' s assi gned st or age ar ea and access r out e( s) , as appl i cabl e. The cont r act or and t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer or t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer ' s Repr esent at i ve, Techni cal Exper t and Pr oj ect Manager wi l l s i gn t hi s sur vey r epor t upon mut ual agr eement r egar di ng i t s accur acy and compl et eness.