UFC 4-730-10 Fire Stations.pdf

UFC 4-730-10

8 May 2019

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

FIRE STATIONS

FIRE STATIONS

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.

Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder.

Indicate the preparing activity beside the Service responsible for preparing the document.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER CENTER (Preparing Activity)

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location

This UFC supersedes UFC 4-730-10, Fire Stations, dated 15 June 2006, and FC 4- 730-10N, Navy and Marine Corps Fire Stations, dated 1 December 2013.

FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD (AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA) and, in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA).

Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the most stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services' responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and the Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies must contact the preparing Service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale must be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request. The form is also accessible from the Internet site listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source:

• Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Refer to UFC 1-200-01, DoD Building Code (General Building Requirements), for implementation of new issuances on projects.

AUTHORIZED BY:

LARRY D. McCALLISTER, PhD, P.E., PMP, SES

JOSEPH E. GOTT, P.E.

Chief Engineer

Chief, Engineering and Construction US Army Corps of Engineers

Naval Facilities Engineering Command

NANCY J. BALKUS, P.E., SES MICHAEL McANDREW Deputy Director of Civil Engineers DCS/Logistics, Engineering & Force Protection (HAF/A4C) HQ United States Air Force

Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Facilities Management) Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Sustainment) http://www.wbdg.org/pdfs/ufc_implementation.pdf http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_cat.php?o=29&c=4 http://dod.wbdg.org/

NEW DOCUMENT SUMMARY SHEET

Document: UFC 4-730-10, Fire Stations

Superseding: UFC 4-730-10, Fire Stations, dated 15 June 2006, and FC 4-730-10N, Navy and Marine Corps Fire Stations, dated 1 December 2013.

Description: This UFC provides criteria for planning and design of fire stations. This UFC includes guidance for Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy fire stations.

Reasons for Document: This is a new joint-Service document. This new document represents another step in the joint-Services’ effort to bring uniformity to the planning, design, and construction of military facilities. This UFC was developed to provide design requirements to accomplish the following:

• Assist planners in understanding facility requirements to ensure accurate space program budgets.

• Provide architects, engineers, and construction surveillance personnel with essential, minimum requirements for the design and construction of fire stations.

• Clarify the operational intent of the facility design.

Impact: The following will result from the publication of this UFC:

• This UFC creates a single source for common DOD fire station criteria and an accurate reference to individual Service-specific documents.

• This UFC facilitates updates and revisions and promotes agreement and uniformity of design and construction among the Services.

Unification Issues: The following is non-unified content:

• The Marine Corps separates their program into two organizations, one for structural and one for aircraft rescue firefighting (ARFF).

• The Navy and Marine Corps mandate direct vent apparatus exhaust systems when required by intended apparatus operations.

• For Army only, the function associated with personal protective equipment (PPE) gear storage as described in Table 4-2 is permitted to occur within and open to the apparatus bay.

• For Army only, the functional program space for the decontamination room detailed in Table 4-11 has the option to be programmed as “fire extinguisher inspection, maintenance and storage (non-flight line).”

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1-1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

1-1.1 Types of Stations

1-1.2 Classes of Stations

1-1.3 Users of Stations

1-2 APPLICABILITY

1-3 USERS OF THIS UFC

1-3.1 Architects and Engineers

1-3.2 Planning Personnel

1-3.3 Additional Users

1-4 GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

1-5 BEST PRACTICES

1-6 REFERENCES

1-7 GLOSSARY

CHAPTER 2 PLANNING AND LAYOUT

2-1 LOCATION DETERMINANTS

2-1.1 Access/Response Time

2-1.2 Size

2-1.3 Elevation

2-2 SIZE DETERMINANTS

2-2.1 General

2-2.2 Needs Validation Assessment

2-2.3 Types of Spaces

2-3 SPACE PROGRAM

2-3.1 Critical Space Drivers

2-3.1.1 Apparatus Bays

2-3.1.2 Dorm Room Counts

2-3.2 Total Area

2-4 LIFE-CYCLE COST PRIORITIZATION

2-5 LAYOUT AND ADJACENCIES

2-5.1 Functional Relationship Bubble Diagram

2-5.2 Space Assessment ii

2-6 ALTERATIONS TO EXISTING FACILITIES

2-6.1 Regulatory Authorities

2-6.2 Other Considerations

2-6.3 Sustainable Design

2-7 ACCESSIBILITY

2-8 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

2-9 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

2-9.1 Background Information

2-9.2 Facility Design Requirements

2-10 WEATHER RESILIENCY

CHAPTER 3 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA

3-1 GENERAL

3-1.1 Authorized Building Program

3-2 STRUCTURE

3-2.1 Substructure

3-2.2 Superstructure

3-2.3 Fall Protection

3-3 ARCHITECTURE

3-3.1 Stories

3-3.2 Exterior

3-4 INTERIOR DESIGN

3-4.1 Interior Construction

3-4.2 Finishes

3-4.3 Interior Signage

3-4.4 Window Treatments

3-5 ACOUSTICS

3-5.1 Sound Transmission Coefficient Ratings

3-5.2 Outdoor Indoor Transmission Class

3-5.3 Air Installations Compatible Use Zones

3-6 SERVICES

3-6.1 Plumbing

3-6.2 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

3-6.3 Fire Protection and Life Safety iii

3-6.4 Electrical

3-7 SITE WORK

3-7.1 Landscaping

3-7.2 Firefighting Vehicle Access Drives

3-7.3 Parking and Other Access Drives

3-7.4 General Site Lighting

3-8 BARRIER-FREE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

3-9 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

CHAPTER 4 SPECIFIC DESIGN CRITERIA

4-1 INTRODUCTION

APPENDIX A BEST PRACTICES

A-1 STRUCTURE

A-1.1 Substructure

A-1.2 Superstructure

A-1.3 Fall Protection

APPENDIX B FIGURES

B-1 APPARATUS BAYS

APPENDIX C GLOSSARY

C-1 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

APPENDIX D REFERENCES

FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Basic Facility Functional Relationship Diagram

TABLES

Table 2-1 Fire Station Program Spaces Table 2-2 Common Types of Vehicles and Their Size Classes Table 2-3 Sample Staffing by Vehicle Type Table 4-1 Apparatus Bay Table 4-2 PPE Gear Storage Table 4-3 Hose Storage Table 4-4 SCBA Maintenance/Compressor Room Table 4-5 Protective Clothing Laundry Table 4-6 Equipment Maintenance/Wash/Disinfection Table 4-7 EMT Storage and Medical Storage Cabinet Table 4-8 HAZMAT/CBRNE Equipment Storage Table 4-9 Agent Storage iv

Table 4-10 Spare PPE Gear Storage Table 4-11 Decontamination Room Table 4-12 Fire Extinguisher (Flightline) Maintenance and Storage Table 4-13 Vehicle Maintenance Bay Table 4-14 Vehicle Maintenance Equipment Storage Table 4-15 Deployment Gear Storage Table 4-16 Station Officer's Office/Watch Desk Table 4-17 Fire Chief's and Deputy Fire Chief's Offices Table 4-18 Offices Table 4-19 Lobby Table 4-20 Department Training Room Table 4-21 Testing/Individual Study Area Table 4-22 Dispatch Table 4-23 Telecommunications Room Table 4-24 Day/Training Room (Including Kitchen) Table 4-25 Dorm Rooms Table 4-26 Bathrooms/Showers/Changing Table 4-27 Fitness Room Table 4-28 Laundry Room Table 4-29 Recreation Room Table 4-30 Vending Table 4-31 Outdoor Patio/BBQ Table 4-32 Unisex Toilet "Public Use" Table 4-33 Transition Zone

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1-1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE.

This UFC provides requirements for evaluating, planning, programming, and designing fire stations. The information in this UFC applies to the design of all new construction projects, including additions, alterations, and renovation projects in the continental Unites States (CONUS) and outside the continental United States (OCONUS). This UFC is not intended as a substitution for thorough review during design by individual program managers and operations staff in the appropriate Service.

Fire stations support military firefighters' mission to provide fire protection to installation flightlines and facilities and fire prevention education and training. This UFC does not apply to deployment, contingency, or field operating facilities. When the fire station function is part of a consolidated operations facility (fire/police/safety), the criteria in this UFC is applicable only to fire station functions and must be applied carefully in order to integrate with other facility functions. Identify common support/administrative spaces that can be shared to improve efficiency.

1-1.1 Types of Stations.

Functionally, there are three types of fire stations:

• Structural stations provide fire protection to facilities

• Aircraft rescue firefighting (ARFF) stations provide fire protection to flightlines and aircraft

• Combination structural/ARFF stations To support the firefighters' mission, it is crucial that the design of all fire stations accommodate the equipment, numerous unique functional requirements, and safety of the firefighting personnel. Generally, the differences between structural and ARFF stations are limited to the apparatus bay size criteria (see paragraph 2-3.1 for more on these differences) and the facility location determinants (see paragraph 2-1).

The Marine Corps program includes two separate organizations: one for structural and one for ARFF. Unlike the other Services, the Marine Corps rarely combines the stations and requires separate offices for fire chiefs and other personnel on their installations.

1-1.2 Classes of Stations.

Irrespective of type, there are two classes of fire stations:

• Headquarters (or main) stations generally house the fire chief and most of the general administrative functions.

• Satellite stations are located throughout the installation to provide response time coverage.

The differences between headquarters and satellite stations relate only to the additional administrative functions housed in the headquarters station. Both headquarters and satellite stations may be structural, ARFF, or combination stations.

1-1.3 Users of Stations.

Not all of these personnel will be located in every fire station but generally all of the following individuals will be present in at least one fire station per installation:

• Fire chief

• Deputy fire chief

• Assistant chief/shift supervisor

• Firefighters

• Inspectors

• Training officers

• Fire prevention officers

• Hazardous materials (HAZMAT)/health and safety officer

• Logistics officer

• Administrative assistant

• Reserve firefighters

1-2 APPLICABILITY.

This UFC applies to all Service elements and contractors involved in the planning, design, and construction of fire stations worldwide.

1-3 USERS OF THIS UFC.

This UFC is intended as a source of basic architectural and engineering information for all individuals involved in the planning, design, and construction of fire stations.

Specific users of the UFC include the following:

1-3.1 Architects and Engineers.

Architects and engineers (A/E) who will provide design services under the direction of the individual Service design agencies.

1-3.2 Planning Personnel.

Planning personnel will use this UFC for programming new or replacement facilities, pre-design planning, or assessing the extent of improvements required in an existing fire station to achieve the standard established herein.

1-3.3 Additional Users.

Additional users may include entities for operational or other purposes. The respective users must refer to this UFC from their own policy documents as appropriate and may include:

• Headquarters staff and field operating agencies

• Major command (MAJCOM) staff/regions

• Base, installation, and garrison commanders

• Installation facilities management

• Installation technical proponents

1-4 GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS.

Comply with UFC 1-200-01, DoD Building Code (General Building Requirements). UFC 1-200-01 provides applicability of model building codes and government-unique criteria for typical design disciplines and building systems, as well as accessibility, antiterrorism, security, high-performance and sustainability requirements, and safety. Use this UFC in addition to UFC 1-200-01 and the UFCs and government criteria referenced therein. Air National Guard facility requirements are defined in ANGH 32-1084, Facility Space Standards. For projects that fall under the area of responsibility of the U.S. Army Centers of Standardization (COS) program, the requirements of the COS for fire stations in Huntsville, Alabama, supersede any conflicting requirements herein.

Designers must contact and coordinate with the COS accordingly.

1-5 BEST PRACTICES.

Appendix A is considered to be guidance and not requirements. Its main purpose is to communicate proven facility solutions, systems, and lessons learned, but may not be the only solution to meet the requirement.

1-6 REFERENCES.

Appendix D contains a list of references used in this document. The publication date of the code or standard is not included in this document. Unless otherwise specified, the most recent edition of the reference publication applies.

1-7 GLOSSARY.

Appendix C contains acronyms and abbreviations.

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

CHAPTER 2 PLANNING AND LAYOUT

2-1 LOCATION DETERMINANTS.

Several factors determine the most appropriate and cost-effective location for a fire station.

2-1.1 Access/Response Time.

The most critical determinant for the location of a fire station is response time. Refer to DODI 6055.06, DoD Fire and Emergency Services Program, or DOD component policy to determine required response times. In addition to response time, accommodate access to the station by delivery vehicles, staff, and visitors.

Direct access and response time may conflict with tightening antiterrorism (AT) criteria.

Provide a facility site that is prominent and easily visible from the target areas (structures or flightlines).

2-1.2 Size.

Provide site space to accommodate firefighting vehicle turning radii, personnel parking, visitor parking, storage requirements, and reserve vehicles (if applicable). Provide site space to accommodate a dumpster pad and enclosure in accordance with the installation appearance plan (IAP).

2-1.3 Elevation.

Due to the critical response capabilities required by fire and emergency response units, select a site such that parking areas and driveways are located at least 3 ft (0.9 m) above the base flood elevation (BFE).

2-2 SIZE DETERMINANTS.

Several factors determine the size of the facility, as described below.

2-2.1 General.

Generally, the size of the station depends on the class of station, the number of companies housed, the number and types of vehicles housed, and any additional spaces required. The class of station will partially drive the number of spaces required.

However, depending on what is currently available on the installation, some spaces normally reserved for headquarters stations may be provided in satellite stations. The installation representatives, in conjunction with the program manager, must decide which spaces must be provided.

Gross Square Feet (GSF) Deviation: The facility constructed gross area must not exceed 100 percent of the space allocation set forth in this UFC to accommodate site, construction, or environmental factors. The number of apparatus bays and dorm rooms are used to determine the overall size of the fire station facility.

2-2.2 Needs Validation Assessment.

Conduct a needs validation assessment to determine the class and required capacity of personnel and vehicles of the new or renovated station.

2-2.3 Types of Spaces.

For a complete list of spaces, see Table 2-1. Fire station functional spaces fall into three main categories:

2-2.3.1 Maintenance and Apparatus.

This includes the apparatus room/bays that house the firefighting vehicles and supporting maintenance spaces. The maintenance spaces include both vehicle maintenance equipment maintenance/storage for fire extinguishers, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), protective clothing, hoses, and firefighting agents.

2-2.3.2 Administration and Training.

This includes the appropriate offices, training spaces, dispatch areas, and administrative areas.

2-2.3.3 Residential and Living.

This includes on-duty firefighters' bedrooms, toilets/showers, kitchen/dining, recreation, and "living room" areas.

2-2.3.4 Other Spaces.

Other spaces that don't readily fit into the three categories include the following:

• Vending space shared by both staff and firefighters.

• Air Force Reserve Command/Air National Guard annex may provide a separate space for administration, equipment storage/maintenance, training, and testing.

• Host nation employee dayroom as mandated by Master Labor Contracts (MLC) or Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA).

• Transition zones (yellow) to allow movement of personnel between the facility's hot (red) and cold (green) zones. Hot zones are spaces in the facility exposed to carcinogens and green zones are living/working spaces intended for extended occupancy.

Table 2-1 Fire Station Program Spaces

Space Notes

Maintenance and Apparatus Apparatus room/bays Made up of bays; either single- or double-length bays. Sized according to truck modules: See para.

2-3.1.1.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) gear storage

One per station.

Hose storage One per station.

SCBA compressor room At least one per department. May be required in multiple stations due to extent of geographic separation as dictated by installation mission requirements.

SCBA maintenance One per department.

Protective clothing laundry One per station.

Equipment wash/disinfection One per station.

Work room/equipment maintenance One per station.

Vehicle maintenance equipment storage One per station. Tools and minor parts.

EMT storage (basic first aid supplies) One per station.

Medical storage cabinet/locker (drugs and needles)

One per station. Lockable. This may be combined with or a sub-space of the EMT storage room.

HAZMAT/CBRNE equipment storage HAZMAT: One per station. CBRNE (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive): As dictated by installation mission requirements. Not all stations require these spaces and store these materials off-site.

Agent storage At least one per department. May be required in multiple stations due to extent of geographic separation as dictated by installation mission requirements.

Spare PPE gear storage At least one per department.

Decontamination room One per station.

For Army only, this room can be programmed as "fire extinguisher inspection, maintenance and storage (non-flight line)."

Flightline fire extinguisher maintenance and storage

One per department.

Vehicle maintenance bay Addition to apparatus room/bays, as dictated by installation mission requirements.

Vehicle maintenance office As dictated by installation mission requirements if vehicle maintenance bay is provided.

Reserve and active duty mobility/deployment gear storage

As dictated by installation mission requirements.

Administration and Training

Station officer office One per station.

Watch desk One per station only if no dispatch in station and then made part of station officer office. (Receives calls from dispatch.)

Fire chief office One per department.

Chief's conference room One per department. May be a part of fire chief's office.

Deputy chief office The requirement for a deputy chief is driven by the size of the department.

Administrative assistant Provided only in conjunction with chief and deputy chief.

Lobby area Generally provided only in conjunction with chief and deputy chief.

Assistant chief/shift supervisor One per station. Additional staffing as dictated by installation mission requirements.

Assistant chief of fire prevention One per department as dictated by installation mission requirements.

Inspector(s) office(s) Several workstations per department may be located in several stations.

EMS office Space for EMS to complete confidential paperwork as dictated by installation mission requirements.

HAZMAT/health and safety office One per department.

Logistics office As dictated by installation mission requirements.

Department training room At least one per department (in HQ station). May be provided in other stations as dictated by installation mission requirements.

Training officer office One per department.

Testing/individual study area One per station. Separate room.

General administration storage One per station.

Fire-only dispatch One per department; provided only if no requirement for consolidated or joint dispatch. Dispatch receives emergency calls from the public.

Consolidated or joint dispatch Provided in lieu of fire-only dispatch. Combines fire, security, and medical dispatch functions.

Dispatch supervisor Provided in conjunction with dispatch centers staffed by 3 or more on-duty dispatchers.

Dispatch bathroom Dedicated facilities. Provide off the dispatch floor for immediate access by personnel.

Dispatch kitchenette Dedicated facilities. Provide off the dispatch floor for immediate access by personnel.

Telecommunications room One per station. Provide presence/size of dispatch and/or watch room as dictated by installation mission requirements.

Dispatch equipment room One per station. Provide presence/size of dispatch and/or watch room as dictated by installation mission requirements.

Generator space One per station. May need to be located inside as a security concern.

Residential and Living Day room One per station. Includes kitchen, dining, and lounge areas.

Training room The station training area may be incorporated as part of the dining portion of the day room as dictated by installation mission requirements.

Dorm rooms Per station. Quantity depends on number of crews.

Bathrooms/shower/changing Male and female facilities per station. Individual unisex showering/changing rooms can be provided as dictated by installation mission requirements.

Fitness room One per station.

Laundry room One per station.

Recreation room Addition to day room for noisier activities such as games as dictated by installation mission requirements.

Covered outdoor patio One per station is counted toward overall building square footage included in the validated DD1391.

Unisex public toilet For headquarters stations only. Toilet facilities accessible from dayroom or main lobby for use by guests/visitors.

For Army only: Required in all facilities.

Other Spaces

Vending For use by firefighters and staff.

Reserve firefighter gear Air Force only. As dictated by installation mission requirements.

Reserve offices Air Force only. Offices (two) for fire chief and assistant chief and training officer as dictated by installation mission requirements.

Host nation dayroom Provide as mandated by Master Labor Contracts (MLC) or Status of Force Agreements (SOFA).

Transition zones (yellow) Allow movement of personnel between the facility's hot (red) and cold (green) zones. Hot zones are spaces in the facility exposed to carcinogens and green zones are living/working spaces intended for extended occupancy.

2-3 SPACE PROGRAM.

The space program for fire stations is developed through the use of an interactive worksheet. It is completed by first entering the appropriate Service branch and then selecting the following: type of station, class of station, number of companies to be housed/dorm room count, number and class of vehicles to be housed, and additional required spaces. The selections vary depending on the Service branch selected. As selections are made, the program areas are calculated and summed for both the building and the site. The worksheet must be filled out in collaboration with the appropriate fire department representative(s).

This interactive worksheet is available as a downloadable Microsoft® Excel file from the Whole Building Design Guide Web site:

http://www.wbdg.org/references/pa_dod_sps.php.

2-3.1 Critical Space Drivers.

To understand how the numbers in the interactive worksheet are calculated, several critical space drivers must be understood.

http://www.wbdg.org/references/pa_dod_sps.php

2-3.1.1 Apparatus Bays.

The apparatus bays are sized based on the class of truck to be housed. See Table 2-2 for a list of common truck types. These types have been classified as follows to standardize the size criteria:

• Large. These typically include structural aerial (ladder) trucks or large tanker trucks with lengths greater than 38 ft (11.58 m). The standardized footprint (floor space occupied by the truck, not considering the space around it) is 10 ft by 50 ft (3.05 m by 15.24 m).

• Medium. This class covers a wide range of vehicles, from structural pumper trucks and smaller tanker trucks to rescue and HAZMAT trucks.

Medium trucks have lengths between 30 and 38 ft (9.14 and 11.58 m).

The standardized footprint is 10 ft by 38 ft (3.05 m by 11.58 m).

• Large ARFF (Wide). All ARFF trucks are distinguished by their generally greater width and may include heavy rescue or very large tankers. Large ARFF trucks have lengths greater than 38 ft (11.58 m). The standardized footprint is 12 ft by 50 ft (3.66 m by 15.24 m).

• Medium ARFF (Wide). Medium ARFF trucks are also distinguished by their generally greater width. They can vary in length from about 23 ft (7.01 m) up to 38 ft (11.58 m) but the standardized footprint is 12 ft by 38 ft (3.66 m by 11.58 m).

• Small. These typically include ambulances, small rescue or HAZMAT trucks, small brush units, and command vehicles. Small trucks have lengths less than 30 ft (9.14 m). A separate vehicle bay size class is not designated for these trucks. Depending on the actual size of the small class truck, it may be housed in its own bay or in a bay with another truck.

For example, two 20-ft (6.10-m) -long vehicles may be housed in a large bay (either ARFF or not). The interactive worksheet makes a recommendation for the area of additional apparatus bays, as appropriate, for the quantity of small vehicles indicated. However, this area must be carefully reviewed by the planning team to ensure it provides the correct space, accounting for the actual length of the small vehicles anticipated and the space that may be available in other bays.

In addition to the truck footprint, the space program takes into account the space around the parked truck. This space varies, depending on whether the truck is parked next to a wall or another truck. See Figures B-1 through B-4 for illustrations of these variations.

The space program uses the middle-sized bay for each truck class to calculate an "average" size bay for the given vehicle. Also see Table 4-1 for more information on the apparatus bays.

Table 2-2 Common Types of Vehicles and Their Size Classes

Type of Vehicle Size Class of Vehicle (See Para. 2-3.1.1)

Structural Pumpers Medium Telesquirts Medium Aerial/ladders Large Tankers Medium or large

ARFF

Large water tankers ARFF medium ARFF foam (vary from 1500 gal [5700 L] up to 6500 gal (24,600 L)

ARFF medium or ARFF large

Ambulance Ambulances Small

Rescue

Small/light rescue Small Medium rescue Medium Heavy rescue ARFF medium

HAZMAT

HAZMAT support/small Small HAZMAT squad Medium HAZMAT squad Large

Brush Small brush Small Large brush Medium

Equipment Trailers Various equipment trailers pulled by command or other vehicles

Small

2-3.1.2 Dorm Room Counts.

The interactive worksheet uses two methods to calculate the number of dorm rooms needed (dorm room count). First, the user enters the number of structural companies and the number of ARFF companies, as appropriate. (If it is a structural station, ARFF companies are not permitted and vice versa.) Based on the branch of Service selected, the worksheet will calculate the number of dorm rooms from the number of companies.

Second, the user adds or subtracts dorm rooms to accommodate ambulance companies, rescue companies, or cross-staffing of companies. The initial number of rooms plus or minus the modified number of rooms is the final dorm room count.

Dorm room counts must be coordinated with the fire chief. See Table 2-3 for sample on-duty staffing by vehicle type. Cross-staffed (x-staffed) vehicles are staffed on an as-needed basis by personnel assigned to another vehicle or vehicles. X-staffed vehicles have no dedicated staff of their own. The sample vehicle staffing numbers shown in Table 2-3 do not represent staffing authorizations.

Table 2-3 Sample Staffing by Vehicle Type

Type of Vehicle Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Structural Pumpers 4 4 4 4 Telesquirts 4 or x-staffed 4 or 6 4 4 Aerial/ladders 4 or x-staffed 4 or 6 4 4 Tankers x-staffed 1 or x-staffed n/a 1 or x-staffed

ARFF

Large water tankers x-staffed 1 or x-staffed 1 1 or x-staffed ARFF foam 3 3 3 4

Ambulance Ambulances 2 or x-staffed 2 n/a 2

Rescue Small/light rescue x-staffed 3 or x-staffed 3 3 or x-staffed Medium rescue x-staffed 3 or x-staffed 3 3 or x-staffed Heavy rescue x-staffed 3 or x-staffed 3 3 or x-staffed

HAZMAT

HAZMAT support/small x-staffed x-staffed x-staffed x-staffed HAZMAT squad x-staffed x-staffed x-staffed x-staffed

Brush Small brush x-staffed x-staffed x-staffed x-staffed Large brush x-staffed x-staffed x-staffed x-staffed

2-3.2 Total Area.

The space program developed through the use of the interactive worksheet serves as a guideline for the fire station planning team and generally represents the maximum space allowed. The final space program for a new fire station will need to be carefully determined by installation representatives and the appropriate Service program office, guided by the criteria in this UFC. The space assessment and its related basic facility requirement (BFR) calculation serves as the basis for the validated DD1391, which defines the total authorized space allowances for each project.

2-4 LIFE-CYCLE COST PRIORITIZATION.

Prioritize a lower total life-cycle cost over initial capital investment. Design these facilities with the objective of achieving the lowest life-cycle cost over a 40-year period.

To do so, the project's design program must define the scope and performance requirements to develop and validate a long-term operational budget. The budget must be within reasonable funding expectations while supporting an appropriate and high-quality program and meeting the performance requirements identified in this UFC.

2-5 LAYOUT AND ADJACENCIES.

As with location determinants, the key internal adjacencies are driven by response time.

The location of the residential and living areas must accommodate quick and clear access to the apparatus room/bays for response in the event of an alarm. The apparatus bays require the ability to drive through with overhead doors on either end of each bay. The appropriate layout and adjacencies are illustrated through a bubble diagram.

In HQ/main stations, coordinate the relationship between the administrative areas and the living areas with the users and program manager. There may be a desire to separate these areas to provide a sense of functional identity for each. One-story fire stations are preferred. However, if necessary, some required adjacencies may be accommodated vertically. If a two-story solution is proposed, the dispatch and administrative areas may be placed on the first floor to best account for Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) compliance requirements. The sequence for transitioning from a hot zone to a cold zone must allow space for personnel to take five steps along a walk-off surface over a minimum 6-ft (1.8-m) -long path after removing gear and washing off any visible contaminants.

2-5.1 Functional Relationship Bubble Diagram.

The bubble diagram in Figure 2-1 indicates the acceptable relative adjacencies of the functional spaces. Some of these key adjacencies may be accommodated through a hallway rather than a direct entrance/exit from one space to another. This is particularly true with the apparatus room/bays and the day room since many facility spaces need an adjacency with these two spaces. Note that the apparatus bay support area indicated in the diagram includes the following spaces, some of which may not be included in every station, depending upon installation mission requirements:

• SCBA maintenance

• SCBA compressor room

• Work room/equipment maintenance

• Equipment wash/disinfection

• Protective clothing laundry

• EMT storage

• HAZMAT/CBRNE equipment storage

• Spare PPE gear storage

• Decontamination room

• Flightline fire extinguisher maintenance

Figure 2-1 Basic Facility Functional Relationship Diagram

Crew-Only Direct Access

2-5.2 Space Assessment.

See the functional data sheets in Chapter 4 for additional information on the space types and their relationships to each other.

2-6 ALTERATIONS TO EXISTING FACILITIES.

2-6.1 Regulatory Authorities.

Refer to the following appropriate authorities for each Service:

• Army. The standard may be modified to accommodate the existing structure. However, all proposed modifications to the standard must be sent to the Army Corps of Engineers, Engineering & Support Center, HSV (CEHNC), for review and HQDA (CFSC; CYS) for approval prior to the initiation of concept design.

• Navy. Funding thresholds and authorities are in the most current version of OPNAVINST 11010.20, Navy Facilities Projects. The site approval request (SAR) process is in CNICINST 11010.3, Site Approval Request Process, and NAVFACINST 11010.45A, Site Approval Request Process.

Prior to altering an existing fire station or converting an existing facility to a fire station, contact the local Asset Management Business Line of the Public Works Department (PWD) or Regional Facilities Engineering Command (FEC) for approval of changes to real property via site approval, certification of the work and property classification, assistance with project development, and the identification of signing authorities and fund source. This certification or assistance also applies to any alterations, conversion, construction, repair, or equipment installation effort for minor/specific work orders, special projects, or MILCON projects. Contact the Capital Improvements Business Line (CIBL) for assistance with the latest design and building codes.

• Air Force. Consult AFCEC for all architectural and functional requirements; technical issues relating to fire, life safety, certification; and publication coordination. Consult HQ USAF/A4C for functional policies.

• Marine Corps. Consult with Marine Corps Installations Command (GF) Facilities and (G3) Fire and Emergency Services.

2-6.2 Other Considerations.

It is unlikely that a non-fire station facility would ever be converted to a fire station.

However, should this need arise, evaluate the site and structure of the existing facility and its limitations with regard to the required functions of a fire station.

Consideration must be given to the adaptability of the existing facility to the intent of the fire station program. For instance, can the building accommodate the apparatus room/bays? Does it have site space for the vehicle turning radii? Does it meet the higher structural requirements for an essential facility (Risk Category IV) and an inhabited building or billeting? If not, can it be economically upgraded? Whether planning a conversion, alteration, addition, or new construction, all the criteria in this UFC must be met by the resulting facility.

2-6.3 Sustainable Design.

The location of a facility can have a significant impact on achieving sustainable design rating points. (See paragraph 3-9 for more information on sustainable design and sustainable rating systems.) Evaluate issues such as brownfield redevelopment, potential building orientation, access to public transportation, and reuse of existing paving and hardscape when selecting a site.

2-7 ACCESSIBILITY.

In accordance with UFC 1-200-01, follow the Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) Accessibility Standards for DOD facilities.

2-8 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN.

Design fire stations per the requirements of UFC 1-200-02, High Performance and Sustainable Building Requirements.

2-9 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

2-9.1 Background Information.

DOD operates facilities that routinely utilize, or have utilized in the past, hazardous materials and chemicals that contain lead, cadmium, chromium, and other heavy metals. Operations and activities that can create an unsafe condition with regards to worker protection include (but are not limited to) manual demolition, scraping, grinding, heat-gun applications, power tooling with dust collection, application of corrosion-control materials, spray paint with lead/chromium (VI)/cadmium-based paints, burning, power tooling without dust collection, rivet busting, cleanup activities with dry abrasives, movement/removal of enclosures, abrasive blasting, welding, cutting, and burning on steel structures. When these operations occur, there are hazards associated with the generation of dust, debris, and fumes. The hazards and the controls required are dependent on the materials used.

2-9.2 Facility Design Requirements.

For facilities that will operate, or will continue to operate, utilizing hazardous materials and/or chemicals, comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Guide to Occupational Exposure Values and TLVs and BEIs, DODI 6055.01, DoD Safety and Occupational Health Program, and DODI 6055.06. The requirements found in the OSHA regulations and DODIs may affect facility design requirements, which may include (but are not limited to), separate toilets and washing/bathing areas for workers exposed to the hazard, change rooms, decontamination areas, break rooms, clothes-washing facilities, areas for controlled disposal of contaminated waste and work clothes, both local and general high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) ventilation systems and filters, eyewash stations, and deluge showers. Facility areas utilizing these hazardous materials and/or chemicals must be designated as regulated areas whenever exposure can be expected to be in excess of the permissible exposure limit(s) (PEL) and must be demarcated from the rest of the workplace in a manner that establishes and alerts building occupants of the boundaries of the regulated area. Design facilities in a manner to allow OSHA-required air sampling and monitoring for the specific hazardous material in use. Design facilities to control these hazards below the standards set in the stated regulations.

Additionally, DODI 6055.01, Appendix 4, lists additional requirements for facilities that involve operations generating airborne dust, mist, debris, or aerosols containing lead, chromium (VI), or cadmium. These requirements include (but are not limited to) containment processes and methods to monitor effectiveness of housekeeping procedures, decontamination procedures, and engineering controls tailored to each facility.

2-10 WEATHER RESILIENCY.

Current guidance for critical public safety facilities recommends facilities in identified weather threat areas include features to ensure emergency responders can survive through the trans-event period and immediately deliver emergency response services in the post-event period. Refer to FEMA’s Operational Lessons Learned in Disaster Response for specific guidance.

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CHAPTER 3 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA

3-1 GENERAL.

References within this UFC to applicable criteria and codes are intended to assist the designer in compiling the required documents. These references are not intended to identify all that may apply. It is the responsibility of the designer of record to identify and comply with all required statutes.

Use UFC 1-200-01 for applicability of model building codes and referenced government criteria. UFC 1-200-01 identifies, through references, key unified facility criteria and requirements, including accessibility, antiterrorism, security, sustainability, safety, acoustics, discipline-specific, and building systems. See paragraph 3-6 for appropriate governing codes for building services.

3-1.1 Authorized Building Program.

A DD1391 funding document is developed for all new construction projects that establishes the project requirements and authorized building size. The designer can use the functional diagram in Figure 2-1 to create the logical flow and individual space allocations for approved functions within the facility; however, the design may not exceed the square footage allowances of the DD1391 or add functions in the facility if the functions are not authorized in the validated DD1391.

3-2 STRUCTURE.

Classify the entire facility as Risk Category IV in accordance with UFC 3-301-01, Structural Engineering. Calculate wind loadings for the apparatus bay as a "partially enclosed building."

If the facility includes 11 or more beds, classify it as billeting in accordance with UFC 4-010-01, DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings. Ensure that anticipated utilization of the apparatus bay allows for its classification as low occupancy, design the vehicle doors for conventional loads, and provide structural isolation from any inhabited portions of the building in accordance with UFC 4-010-01.

3-2.1 Substructure.

Design the floor slab in the apparatus bay for appropriate wheel loads based on the heaviest type and size of vehicle anticipated to be parked therein.

3-2.2 Superstructure.

Where the length of the apparatus bay is sized to accommodate one vehicle parked in each stall, provide clear spans with no intermediate columns. With the approval of the fire chief, where the length of the apparatus bay is sized to accommodate two or more vehicles parked end-to-end in each stall, a single row of interior columns perpendicular to the stalls is permitted, provided these columns do not obstruct the vehicle lanes.

3-2.3 Fall Protection.

Provide an active fall protection system, approved by the fire chief and designed by a licensed professional engineer in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.502, Fall protection systems criteria and practices, and ANSI/ASSE Z359, Fall Protection Code, in each stall of the apparatus bay where work or maintenance on top of a parked vehicle is anticipated. Design the structure for the associated anchorage locations and loadings.

3-3 ARCHITECTURE.

Refer to UFC 3-101-01, Architecture, and comply with stated and cross-referenced requirements for architecture, with the following additions and exceptions for this facility type.

3-3.1 Stories.

Single-story structures are preferred for fire stations. Site constraints may drive the need for multi-story structures. If a multi-story structure is required, ensure the appropriate adjacencies are maintained so the required response times may be achieved. See paragraph 2-4 for more information on the required adjacencies.

3-3.2 Exterior.

Design the exterior to comply with current command and installation planning and design guidance. Also design for the local geographical and cultural environment. The fire station must present a cohesive architectural image. Create an attractive, functional theme that applies to the entire facility design, from the overall exterior architectural statement to the specific interior design elements. Reinforce continuity of space by space planning, building form, elevation, materials, and details.

3-3.2.1 Entrances.

Clearly identify the main fire station entrance to discourage visitors from entering the facility through an open apparatus bay door. In cold climates, provide a canopy (or a recess) at required egress doors to ensure doors can completely open without obstruction from snow and ice.

Provide separate entrances to the dorm area and the day room.

3-3.2.2 Exterior Finishes.

Provide durable and low-maintenance exterior finishes. Coordinate the exterior finishes with the Service-specific design standards noted in paragraph 3-4.2.

3-3.2.3 Apparatus Bay Fire-Rated Construction

Separate the lodging/rooming and administrative portions of the building from the apparatus bay and maintenance areas with a 1-hour fire barrier. Design this fire barrier to also prevent the passage of exhaust emissions.

3-3.2.4 Building Signage.

Building signage must provide clear directional and informational assistance.

Mechanical, electrical, and/or utility room doors must have identifying signage to match other building signage. Design signage to comply with command and installation appearance plans (IAP).

3-4 INTERIOR DESIGN.

Construction and finishes (walls, floor, and ceiling) must support the cohesive image and theme of the facility as noted in paragraph 3-3.2. The living areas of the facility, such as the day room and the dorm rooms, must reflect a residential, non-institutional character.

Durability is extremely important when specifying materials for interior construction and finishes. Fire stations are occupied 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and heavy equipment is regularly handled throughout the facility. These conditions will lead to greater interior damage being incurred compared to many other facility types.

Provide a clear boundary between contaminated spaces (such as apparatus bay, protective clothing laundry, decontamination spaces, hose storage, and similar spaces where equipment and clothing are exposed on the emergency scene) and uncontaminated spaces (such as offices, classrooms, dayroom, dining, sleeping rooms). Personnel travel through/across the boundary is allowed, though provision at the boundary to permit at least hand-washing should be provided.

3-4.1 Interior Construction.

Provide blocking for all wall- or ceiling-mounted equipment and furnishings. Counters, casework, and cabinets must be of high-quality, durable construction. Specify Architectural Woodwork Institute (AWI) Premium or Custom for finishes per AWI Standards. Countertops must be solid surface/solid composite plastics. Specify 0.75-in.

(20-mm) minimum thickness for plywood, plywood backing, and solid wood panels.

Particleboard may not be used.

Finishes must be able to withstand frequent cleaning and must coordinate with the other finish materials. All interior glass must be tempered safety glass and mirrors must be constructed with break-resistant materials.

3-4.2 Finishes.

Finishes must take into account the intended uses and be highly durable. They must meet the requirements listed in NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, and UFC 3-120-10, Interior Design. Coordinate the interior (and exterior) design with Service-specific standards or agencies. Comply with the following requirements throughout the entire facility:

• In moist climates, do not cover the inside of exterior walls with impervious materials such as mirrors or vinyl wall coverings. This is due to concern over mold development in the walls.

• Procure a high-quality, easy-to-maintain, durable carpet that provides a long-lasting appearance.

• For more information on finishes in specific areas, see the functional data sheets in Chapter 4.

3-4.3 Interior Signage.

Develop a comprehensive signage package that addresses both way-finding and definition of all spaces within the facility. Signage must reflect and complement the interior environment through colors, images, and materials used. Signage must be in accordance with UFC 3-120-01, Design: Sign Standards, and with command and installation appearance plans (IAP).

3-4.4 Window Treatments.

All windows and other glazed openings to the exterior of the building must be provided with horizontal blinds or solar shading systems as part of the construction project.

3-5 ACOUSTICS.

3-5.1 Sound Transmission Coefficient Ratings

The functional data sheets in Chapter 4 provide minimum sound transmission coefficient (STC) ratings for the appropriate spaces. Typical STC ratings range from 35 to 55 STC, depending on the space and its intended use. The design team must achieve the minimum required STC values by treating wall surfaces, wall openings, and the structure with sound-attenuating materials.

3-5.2 Outdoor Indoor Transmission Class

Refer to UFC 3-101-01 and comply with stated and cross-referenced requirements for building envelope requirements. UFC 3-101-01 provides minimum building façade sound isolation ratings utilizing the composite Outdoor Indoor Transmission Class (OITC) values necessary for determining the acoustic building envelope requirements.

Typical OITC ratings range from OITC 25 to OITC 50, dependent upon interior background noise levels set as noise criteria (NC) ratings. Unless otherwise stated, design the building envelope and interior spaces to achieve the more stringent acoustic criteria where applicable.

3-5.3 Air Installations Compatible Use Zones

Per DODI 4165.57, Air Installations Compatible Use Zones (AICUZ), when a fire station is located near the flightline, comply with the AICUZ noise reductions for the facility location. If an AICUZ map is not available for the location, an acoustical engineer must conduct an acoustical analysis to determine the exact type and extent of the additional acoustical treatments needed to address aircraft noise.

3-6 SERVICES.

3-6.1 Plumbing.

Design all building systems—such as domestic hot and cold water, sanitary and storm drainage, propane, fuel oil, or natural gas systems—to meet the requirements of…