SSJF Part I and II B-42738.pdf

Sole Source Justification Form

Version 7.01 Page 1 of 8

Bulletin Reference Number 25-444DHS-MENTH-B-42738

Requesting Agency/University Department of Human Services

Sole Source Justification Form - Part I Section I - General Information

Department/Bureau/Section: DHS Division of Mental Health

Need Identified Date: Feb 29, 2024 Supply/Service Need By Date: Jul 1, 2024

Project Title: FY25 Crisis Intervention Training

Vendor: Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI)

Provide a description of the supplies or services required:

The Department of Humans Services (DHS) Division of Mental Health (DMH) is seeking to establish a contract with the Crisis Intervention Institute (CPI) for Nonviolent Crisis Intervention (NCI) and Advanced Physical Skills training at the following Mental Health Facilities and Schools: Alton Mental Health Center, Chester Mental Health Center, Choate Mental Health Center, Elgin Mental Health Center, Madden Mental Health Center, Packard Mental Health Center, Chicago-Read Mental Health Center, the Illinois School for the Visually Impaired (ISVI), and the Illinois School for the Deaf (ISD). The Nonviolent Crisis Intervention® training program is a behavior management system which provides intervention strategies to prevent, de-escalate, and safely respond to disruptive or assaultive behavior. This program provides staff with the cognitive and physical skills to safely recognize and respond to everyday crisis situations using the least restrictive intervention. This contract includes training, work manuals, and annual fees.

Value: Estimated Value of Initial Term, this Change Order or Amendment: 230,000

Will this Sole Source amend a Professional or Artistic Services contract? Yes No

*Sole Source may not be used for amendments for Professional or Artistic Services if the amendment would increase the value by more than 5% of the initial award or extend the term by more than 60 days.

Type: New Sole Economically Feasible Source

Section II - Proposed Term

One-Time Purchase Term Contract

Estimated Contract Begin Date: Jul 1, 2024

Estimated Contract End Date: Jun 30, 2025

Number of Potential Renewals: 0

Length of Each Renewal in Months: 0

Total Value of All Renewals: 0

If a Term Contract, does the term, including renewals, exceed 12 months? Yes No

Section III - Funding Source Select the type of funding to be used (Check all that apply): State Appropriate Funds Federal Funds Other (Explain):

Section IV - Sole Source Justification

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Bulletin Reference Number 25-444DHS-MENTH-B-42738

Requesting Agency/University Department of Human Services

This purchase is economically only available from a single source primarily because it is: (If "Other" explain in one sentence)

Items are Copyrighted or Patented and the Items are Only Available from the Holder

Are there secondary justification(s) for this sole source? Yes No

Section V - Purchase History

Has the Agency or University Purchased these supplies or services in the past? Yes No

Term Term From Term To Value Description Contract Number Type

1 Jul 1, 2023 Jun 30, 2024 225,000 FY24 DHS/Division of Mental Health Crisis Intervention Institute (CPI) Non- Violent Intervention Training

4100177973 Sole Source

If more than 10, or if other comments, explain:

In the past, each facility handled their own training and submitted contracts on an as needed basis. There have been multiple contracts submitted individually by each facility for CPI training over the past 20 years. The Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI) was selected by Central Mental Health in response to the Joint Commissions requirement that all psychiatric/behavioral health facilities must provide Non-violent Crisis Intervention (NCI) training to all staff with the goal of reducing the use of restraints and /or seclusion while also maintaining a safe environment of care. CPI was the only entity at the time who could provide all of the required trainings to meet The Joint Commissions' Accreditation Standards for Mental Health Centers. FY24 was the first year that this contract was established for all facilities. In February 2024, DMH Central Office staff conducted an internet search of non-violent crisis intervention training programs. The following vendors were assessed as potential alternatives to CPI:

MANDT, APT-USA, Relias, QBS, AIU8, SAMA (Sartori), CRTI, FAAC’S (MILO), CEBC.

Upon review of each program, CPI continues to be the only program designed for mental health inpatient settings with appropriate physical intervention techniques designed to safely handle aggressive individuals in mental health hospitals. In addition, CPI is the only vendor recognized by The Joint Commission. CPI is the worldwide leader in evidence-based de-escalation and crisis prevention training utilizing unique training materials and methods for which it has obtained copyright and trademark protection.

Section VI - Business Rationale

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Bulletin Reference Number 25-444DHS-MENTH-B-42738

Requesting Agency/University Department of Human Services

1. Provide a detailed explanation of the need for the supplies or services:

The Department of Mental Health (DMH) is establishing a contract with the Crisis Intervention Institute (CPI) for Nonviolent Crisis Intervention (NCI) Advanced Physical Skills training at the following DMH facilities: Alton, Chester, Choate, Chicago-Read, Elgin, Madden, Packard, IL School for the Visually Impaired, and IL School for the Deaf . The Nonviolent Crisis Intervention® training program is a behavior management system that offers prevention and intervention approaches that provides staff with a framework for decision making and problem solving to prevent, de-escalate, and safely respond to disruptive or assaultive behavior. This program also provides training for physical intervention to ensure the safety of both patients and staff. NCI training complies with all current legislation, is evidence-based, and fully accredited. Per the Joint Commission, hospitals must use the least restrictive form of restraint or seclusion that protects the physical safety of the patient, staff, or others.

The Nonviolent Crisis Intervention® Foundation Course offers the optimal mix of concepts and skills to safely address many of the behaviors staff encounter in a behavioral health setting. In organizations that support persons who are likely to demonstrate higher risk behaviors, Nonviolent Crisis Intervention® Foundation offers Advanced Physical Skills training to provides more effective tools to help staff manage more complex situations. This certification also offers additional skills in risk assessment and problem solving, along with strategies for teaching advanced physical interventions to front-line staff.

2. Provide a list and describe in detail the specifications required to satisfy the need:

Instructor certification training typically occurs at a CPI training facility. CPI does make exceptions and has traveled to the mental health hospitals if multiple staff are being certified as trainers. Certified CPI trainers conduct training at their own facilities for their own staff.

Initial certification training and renewal trainings are separate and vary greatly in duration and cost.

1. Instructor Certification: Staff from each facility are trained and certified as instructors in NCI. Once certified, each instructor returns to their respective facilities to train all staff across all three shifts. This training is for new instructors and includes 3 full days of training

2. Renewal Training: All certified trainers are required to complete renewal training every 2 years. This training is for staff who are already certified as instructors and required to take a 1 day re-fresher class.

3. Annual Fees: Each facility must pay an annual fee for each certified trainer. To remain certified, each trainer must attend the renewal training every two years. the annual fee applies to certified trainers only.

4. Work books: Each certified trainer must train all staff at their respective facilities across all three shifts. Each staff receives a workbook as part of the training program.

3. Provide detail explaining the justification selected in Section IV to explain why the requested supplies or services are the only ones available that can satisfy the agency or university requirements?

In 1999, The Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI) was selected by Central Office Training staff as the best training program available for non-violent crisis intervention training (NCI) . A statewide work group consisting of identified hospital administrators, staff development specialists, directors of nursing, quality management and others was tasked to choose a non-violent crisis intervention vendor for all hospitals. In February (2024), Central Office Quality Coordinator conducted an internet search for similar non-violent crisis intervention training programs. The following vendors were assessed as potential alternatives to CPI: MANDT, APT-USA, Relias, QBS, AIU8, SAMA (Sartori), CRTI, FAAC’S (MILO), CEBC.

Upon review of each program, CPI continues to be the only program designed for mental health inpatient settings with appropriate physical intervention techniques designed to safely handle aggressive individuals in mental health hospitals. In addition, CPI is the only vendor recognized by The Joint Commission. CPI is the worldwide leader in evidence-based de-escalation and crisis prevention training utilizing unique training materials and methods for which it has obtained copyright and trademark protection.

The training was compliant with all current legislation, was evidence-based, and fully accredited. Currently, over 2,700 staff have been trained in CPI / NCI by their in-house certified trainers. Per policy, staff are not allowed to work with patients until they have completed the training.

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Bulletin Reference Number 25-444DHS-MENTH-B-42738

Requesting Agency/University Department of Human Services

4. What are the unique features of the supplies or services that are not available in any other product or by any other vendor? Provide specific quantifiable factors/qualifications:

The Nonviolent Physical Crisis Intervention techniques are specific to CPI . This was designed for safety and allows a therapeutic rapport to be re-established with the individual who has lost control. CPI is the only vendor who provides specific training on physical interventions. The Nonviolent Crisis Intervention® Foundation Course offers a mix of concepts and skills to safely address many of the behaviors staff encounter. However, in organizations that support persons who are likely to demonstrate higher risk behaviors, Nonviolent Crisis Intervention® Foundation Course With Advanced Physical Skills provides more effective tools to help staff manage these complex situations. This certification and renewal option offers additional skills in risk assessment and problem solving, along with facilitation strategies for teaching advanced physical interventions to staff. The goal of this training is to learn approaches for minimizing the use and duration of physical intervention like restraints and/or seclusion.

5. Has the Agency or University considered alternative supplies or services to satisfy their need? Yes No

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Bulletin Reference Number 25-444DHS-MENTH-B-42738

Requesting Agency/University Department of Human Services

5a. If yes, name the alternative vendors whose supplies or services were evaluated:

Central Office Mental Health Quality Management staff re-assessed CPI and compared this program to other programs in February 2024.

1) MANDT: Provides non-verbal and verbal crisis intervention techniques and physical intervention techniques. However the physical intervention techniques are very different and somewhat limiting (standing only restraint and two person seated restraint). The majority of their clients include agencies in Education Services, Healthcare Services, Human Services and Juvenile Justice. No specific mention of Mental Health or Behavioral Health. MANDT also utilizes shields and large pads for blocking aggressive patients. These tools appear confrontational and does not support the Division’s recovery based principles.

2) APT-USA: Provides psychological interventions to help angry, irritable and violent people to change. Does not have the in depth course components like CPI.

3) Relias: Provides an aggression management training foundation for mulit-site critical access hospitals, skilled nursing and retirement communities, home health, community health and family serving organizations. These skills lack advanced physical skill techniques that target the population served in inpatient psychiatric hospitals.

4) QBS: Provides safety care crisis prevention training in skills and competency to prevent, minimize and manage behavioral challenges with dignity and safety. This program does not include physical intervention techniques designed for Mental Health settings.

5) AIU8 Non-Violent Crisis Intervention: (CPI affiliate for school settings) Provides strategies for decision making and problem solving to prevent, de-escalate and safely respond to disruptive or physically aggressive behavior. This program is intended for school settings.

6) SAMA (Sartori) Training: Provides strategies on prevention, containment, protecting self and others by reducing the chance of injuries and to create a safe environment where aggression is not likely to be acted out physically. This program is not nearly as robust as the strategies and techniques currently utilized in our facilities to ensure safety.

7) CRTI (Crisis and Trauma Resource Institute): Provides over 60 training topics in a variety of formats. There is one module for de-escalating potentially violent situations. This workshop is designed to diffuse situations though assertiveness and interpersonal communication. This program lacks the physical intervention techniques our facilities require.

8) FAAC’S (MILO – Multiple Interactive Learning Objectives): Provides strategies designed for police/military.

CEBC Non-Violent Crisis Intervention Training: (CPI affiliate for child welfare professionals) Provides a framework for preventing, de-escalating and safely responding to crisis behavior. Only physical hold techniques are taught and is intended for staff working in child welfare settings, human services, healthcare facilities and educators.

5b. If yes, what were the alternatives for each vendor and why were they unacceptable? Be specific with regard to features, characteristics, requirements, capabilities and compatibility:

Most training programs are either Community based, University based, and/or unique to a particular facility. Most do not provide hands on physical training provided by CPI. This is an essential component of the training program needed in an inpatient psychiatric setting to maintain safety for all.

5c. Explain how the market evaluation was conducted?

*This evaluation is to determine available options within a market. If the evaluation is to determine quality or best suited option, this is not the appropriate source selection. Under no circumstances shall the evaluation consist of testing alternative options. These activities must be conducted in a competitive transparent environment (i.e. IFB or RFP).

CPI was evaluated in 1999 , evaluated in 2016, and re-evaluated in February 2024. CPI's program was selected as the best option for an inpatient psychiatric hospital setting as well as for schools for the Deaf and Blind. Per State policy and per the Joint Commission, who has deemed status with the Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services, non-violent intervention training is essential and required to maintain a safe environment of care. To retrain all certified trainers and then retrain over 2,700 employees across all 3 shifts with a new approach would be time consuming and cost prohibitive. Over 60% of CPI's customers are non-profit and CPI offers a volume discount.

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Bulletin Reference Number 25-444DHS-MENTH-B-42738

Requesting Agency/University Department of Human Services

6. Are there resellers or distributors?

Yes No N/A

7. What efforts were made to get the best possible price (i.e. did the agency/university negotiate) and how did you determine the price for this purchase is considered fair and reasonable?

The programs reviewed in section 5a are similar in price. The reason for continuing with CPI is based on the skills taught that target the population we serve in a behavioral health care setting. It would also be cost prohibitive to switch vendors and retrain all instructors and staff across all DMH hospitals.

8. Will this purchase obligate the State to this vendor for future purchases such as maintenance, licensing or continuing need?

Yes No

8a. If yes, please provide details regarding future obligations and/or needs:

Training in this area is mandated and on-going. A contract is needed annually for each facility and /or speciality school t maintain a safe environment of care.

9. What will be the financial or other impact to the State if this sole source is not approved and a competitive bid is required?

If this contract goes out for competative Bid, and CPI does not win the bid, all CPI (n=40) instructors would have to be retrained. These instructors would have to re-train approximately 2,700 staff across nine (9) facilities across all three shifts. This could result in a need to use overtime which would be costly. In addition, New instructor costs are typically higher than re-training costs. Most of the current instructors are already trained in CPI and would only need to take a re-newal class every 2 years. In addition, CPI is a certified program and Failure to comply with The Joint Commission (TJC) standards would result in loss of certification and loss of federal funding.

10. Is there any additional information you would like to add to justify this sole source?

No.

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Bulletin Reference Number 25-444DHS-MENTH-B-42738

Requesting Agency/University Department of Human Services

Section VII

Requesting Department Representative

Requesting Department Signature Required

I know and understand the contents of this Sole Source Justification and attest that all statements are true and correct and the fairness and reasonableness of the price was adequately confirmed.

Date Mar 4, 2024

Printed Name Amy Toombs E-mail Address Amy.Toombs@Illinois.gov

Phone Number (708) 446-7987

State Agency Bureau/Division Head or University Purchasing Director Approval and Signature Required

I know and understand the contents of this Sole Source Justification and attest that all statements are true and correct and the fairness and reasonableness of the price was adequately confirmed. (All prior form fields will lock once this e-signature is completed)

E-mail Address Jean.Sandstrom@illinois.gov

Phone Number 217-557-9298 Date Apr 18, 2024

Printed Name Jean Sandstrom

Agency Bureau/Division Head or University Purchasing Director and Not a Designee

SPO Approval and Signature Required

I have reviewed and understand the contents of this Sole Source Justification and agree with the State Agency or University determination.

I have reviewed and understand the contents of this Sole Source Justification and do not agree with the State Agency or University determination. As a result, the State Agency or University must explore other sourcing methods to satisfy their need.

State Purchasing Officer Signature Phone Number (214)494-1351 Date 4/19/2024

Printed Name Adrienne Grover E-mail Address adrienne.grover@illinois.gov

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Bulletin Reference Number 25-444DHS-MENTH-B-42738

Requesting Agency/University Department of Human Services

Sole Source Justification Form - Part II Section I - General Information

Project Title FY25 Crisis Intervention Training

Vendor Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI)

Initial Date of Procurement Bulletin Posting Apr 19, 2024

Was a Sole Source hearing held per 30 ILCS 500/20-25?

Yes - Complete Section II and III below (Section II will only be visible when this option is selected)

No - Section II not required, go to Section III below Section III - CPO Approval and Signature Required

Based on my review, I authorize the Agency/University to proceed in accordance with the published Notice referenced above.

Based upon my review, I authorize the Agency/University to proceed with the following Changes.

Based on my review, the Agency/University is not authorized to proceed with this sole source as presented and my recommendation is that it be cancelled.

Other

CPO Signature CPO Phone 217-558-2231

Printed Name Ellen H. Daley Date

CPO E-mail Ellen.H.Daley@illinois.gov

Version 7.01 Page of Sole Source Justification Form - Part I Section I - General Information Will this Sole Source amend a Professional or Artistic Services contract?

If yes, what was the original contract value?

*Sole Source may not be used for amendments for Professional or Artistic Services if the amendment would increase the value by more than 5% of the initial award or extend the term by more than 60 days.

Section II - Proposed Term If a Term Contract, does the term, including renewals, exceed 12 months?

If yes, provide a detailed justification including any economic benefit received for agreeing to a multi-year term:

Section III - Funding Source Select the type of funding to be used (Check all that apply):

Section IV - Sole Source Justification Are there secondary justification(s) for this sole source?

Section V - Purchase History Has the Agency or University Purchased these supplies or services in the past?

Term Term From Term To Value Description Contract Number Type Section VI - Business Rationale

1. Provide a detailed explanation of the need for the supplies or services:

2. Provide a list and describe in detail the specifications required to satisfy the need:

3. Provide detail explaining the justification selected in Section IV to explain why the requested supplies or services are the only ones available that can satisfy the agency or university requirements?

4. What are the unique features of the supplies or services that are not available in any other product or by any other vendor? Provide specific quantifiable factors/qualifications:

5. Has the Agency or University considered alternative supplies or services to satisfy their need?

5a. If yes, name the alternative vendors whose supplies or services were evaluated:

5b. If yes, what were the alternatives for each vendor and why were they unacceptable? Be specific with regard to features, characteristics, requirements, capabilities and compatibility:

5c. Explain how the market evaluation was conducted?

*This evaluation is to determine available options within a market. If the evaluation is to determine quality or best suited option, this is not the appropriate source selection. Under no circumstances shall the evaluation consist of testing alternative options. These activities must be conducted in a competitive transparent environment (i.e. IFB or RFP).

5a. If no, why weren't alternatives evaluated?

6. Are there resellers or distributors?

7. What efforts were made to get the best possible price (i.e. did the agency/university negotiate) and how did you determine the price for this purchase is considered fair and reasonable?

8. Will this purchase obligate the State to this vendor for future purchases such as maintenance, licensing or continuing need?

8a. If yes, please provide details regarding future obligations and/or needs:

9. What will be the financial or other impact to the State if this sole source is not approved and a competitive bid is required?

10. Is there any additional information you would like to add to justify this sole source?

Section VII Requesting Department Signature Required I know and understand the contents of this Sole Source Justification and attest that all statements are true and correct and the fairness and reasonableness of the price was adequately confirmed.

State Agency Bureau/Division Head or University Purchasing Director Approval and Signature Required I know and understand the contents of this Sole Source Justification and attest that all statements are true and correct and the fairness and reasonableness of the price was adequately confirmed. (All prior form fields will lock once this e-signature is completed) SPO Approval and Signature Required Sole Source Justification Form - Part II Section I - General Information Was a Sole Source hearing held per 30 ILCS 500/20-25?

Section II - Sole Source Hearing Details The State posted to the Illinois Procurement Bulletin a description of the State's need, the justification for the sole source decision, and information regarding the opportunity to submit comments and testify at a public hearing. Notice of the hearing was also posted outside of the hearing room 48 hours prior to the hearing.

The public hearing was conducted for the purpose of receiving testimony regarding the sole source determination. The Hearing Officer recommends the following:

The following relevant documents are attached:

Section III - CPO Approval and Signature Required 9.0.0.2.20101008.1.734229 Ellen.H.Daley@illinois.gov

Crisis Intervention Institute (CPI) Non-Violent Intervention Training

MANDT, APT-USA, Relias, QBS, AIU8, SAMA (Sartori), CRTI, FAAC’S (MILO), CEBC.

Upon review of each program, CPI continues to be the only program designed for mental health inpatient settings with appropriate physical intervention techniques designed to safely handle aggressive individuals in mental health hospitals. In addition, CPI is the only vendor recognized by The Joint Commission. CPI is the worldwide leader in evidence-based de-escalation and crisis prevention training utilizing unique training materials and methods for which it has obtained copyright and trademark protection.

Q1Answer: The Department of Mental Health (DMH) is establishing a contract with the Crisis Intervention Institute (CPI) for Nonviolent Crisis Intervention (NCI) Advanced Physical Skills training at the following DMH facilities: Alton, Chester, Choate, Chicago-Read, Elgin, Madden, Packard, IL School for the Visually Impaired, and IL School for the Deaf . The Nonviolent Crisis Intervention® training program is a behavior management system that offers prevention and intervention approaches that provides staff with a framework for decision making and problem solving to prevent, de-escalate, and safely respond to disruptive or assaultive behavior. This program also provides training for physical intervention to ensure the safety of both patients and staff. NCI training complies with all current legislation, is evidence-based, and fully accredited. Per the Joint Commission, hospitals must use the least restrictive form of restraint or seclusion that protects the physical safety of the patient, staff, or others.

The Nonviolent Crisis Intervention® Foundation Course offers the optimal mix of concepts and skills to safely address many of the behaviors staff encounter in a behavioral health setting. In organizations that support persons who are likely to demonstrate higher risk behaviors, Nonviolent Crisis Intervention® Foundation offers Advanced Physical Skills training to provides more effective tools to help staff manage more complex situations. This certification also offers additional skills in risk assessment and problem solving, along with strategies for teaching advanced physical interventions to front-line staff.

Q2Answer: Instructor certification training typically occurs at a CPI training facility. CPI does make exceptions and has traveled to the mental health hospitals if multiple staff are being certified as trainers. Certified CPI trainers conduct training at their own facilities for their own staff. Initial certification training and renewal trainings are separate and vary greatly in duration and cost.

1. Instructor Certification: Staff from each facility are trained and certified as instructors in NCI. Once certified, each instructor returns to their respective facilities to train all staff across all three shifts. This training is for new instructors and includes 3 full days of training

2. Renewal Training: All certified trainers are required to complete renewal training every 2 years. This training is for staff who are already certified as instructors and required to take a 1 day re-fresher class.

3. Annual Fees: Each facility must pay an annual fee for each certified trainer. To remain certified, each trainer must attend the renewal training every two years. the annual fee applies to certified trainers only.

4. Work books: Each certified trainer must train all staff at their respective facilities across all three shifts. Each staff receives a workbook as part of the training program.

Q3Answer: In 1999, The Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI) was selected by Central Office Training staff as the best training program available for non-violent crisis intervention training (NCI) . A statewide work group consisting of identified hospital administrators, staff development specialists, directors of nursing, quality management and others was tasked to choose a non-violent crisis intervention vendor for all hospitals. In February (2024), Central Office Quality Coordinator conducted an internet search for similar non-violent crisis intervention training programs. The following vendors were assessed as potential alternatives to CPI: MANDT, APT-USA, Relias, QBS, AIU8, SAMA (Sartori), CRTI, FAAC’S (MILO), CEBC.

Upon review of each program, CPI continues to be the only program designed for mental health inpatient settings with appropriate physical intervention techniques designed to safely handle aggressive individuals in mental health hospitals. In addition, CPI is the only vendor recognized by The Joint Commission. CPI is the worldwide leader in evidence-based de-escalation and crisis prevention training utilizing unique training materials and methods for which it has obtained copyright and trademark protection.

The training was compliant with all current legislation, was evidence-based, and fully accredited. Currently, over 2,700 staff have been trained in CPI / NCI by their in-house certified trainers. Per policy, staff are not allowed to work with patients until they have completed the training.

1) MANDT: Provides non-verbal and verbal crisis intervention techniques and physical intervention techniques. However the physical intervention techniques are very different and somewhat limiting (standing only restraint and two person seated restraint). The majority of their clients include agencies in Education Services, Healthcare Services, Human Services and Juvenile Justice. No specific mention of Mental Health or Behavioral Health. MANDT also utilizes shields and large pads for blocking aggressive patients. These tools appear confrontational and does not support the Division’s recovery based principles.

2) APT-USA: Provides psychological interventions to help angry, irritable and violent people to change. Does not have the in depth course components like CPI.

3) Relias: Provides an aggression management training foundation for mulit-site critical access hospitals, skilled nursing and retirement communities, home health, community health and family serving organizations. These skills lack advanced physical skill techniques that target the population served in inpatient psychiatric hospitals.

4) QBS: Provides safety care crisis prevention training in skills and competency to prevent, minimize and manage behavioral challenges with dignity and safety. This program does not include physical intervention techniques designed for Mental Health settings.

5) AIU8 Non-Violent Crisis Intervention: (CPI affiliate for school settings) Provides strategies for decision making and problem solving to prevent, de-escalate and safely respond to disruptive or physically aggressive behavior. This program is intended for school settings.

6) SAMA (Sartori) Training: Provides strategies on prevention, containment, protecting self and others by reducing the chance of injuries and to create a safe environment where aggression is not likely to be acted out physically. This program is not nearly as robust as the strategies and techniques currently utilized in our facilities to ensure safety.

7) CRTI (Crisis and Trauma Resource Institute): Provides over 60 training topics in a variety of formats. There is one module for de-escalating potentially violent situations. This workshop is designed to diffuse situations though assertiveness and interpersonal communication. This program lacks the physical intervention techniques our facilities require.

8) FAAC’S (MILO – Multiple Interactive Learning Objectives): Provides strategies designed for police/military.

CEBC Non-Violent Crisis Intervention Training: (CPI affiliate for child welfare professionals) Provides a framework for preventing, de-escalating and safely responding to crisis behavior. Only physical hold techniques are taught and is intended for staff working in child welfare settings, human services, healthcare facilities and educators.