DRAFT_SOW_-_Prevention_of_Mosquito_Borne_Diseases_through_Vector_Control.pdf

DRAFT - RFI - Prevention of Mosquito-Borne Diseases Through Vector Control

SOL-OAA-16-000179

SECTION C – DESCRIPTION/SPECIFICATION/STATEMENT OF WORK

C.1. PREVENTION OF MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES THROUGH VECTOR CONTROL

IDIQ

C.1.1 PURPOSE

The purpose of this IDIQ is to enhance USAID’s ability to plan, implement, provide technical assistance for, and monitor and evaluate critical vector control activities for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases (including malaria, among others) in countries where USAID supports vector control efforts worldwide (including PMI focus countries).

C.1.2 BACKGROUND

The global health vision of USAID is a world where people lead healthy, productive lives and where mothers and children thrive. USAID’s major health priorities over the past five years have been saving mothers and children, fostering an AIDS-free generation, combating infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and neglected tropical diseases, increasing the availability and use of voluntary family planning, and strengthening health systems. The activities envisioned under this IDIQ fully align with the U.S. Government’s vision of ending preventable child and maternal deaths, as children under five years of age and pregnant women are at highest risk for malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. The activities also support USAID’s vision of protecting communities from infectious diseases.

Activities implemented under this IDIQ will build on two previous IQCs – the Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) IQC I (2006-2011), and the IRS IQC 2 (2009-2017). Both IRS IQCs supported the implementation of and technical support for IRS, one of the original interventions under the President’s Malaria Initiative. The PMI is an interagency initiative led by USAID and implemented together with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The financial and technical contributions of PMI over the past decade – of which IRS and insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) continue to be core interventions – have been a major catalyst in the remarkable progress that has been achieved to date. For additional information on PMI, including its strategy for 2015 – 2020, visit www.pmi.gov.

The scope of this IDIQ is broadened from the two previous IQCs in two key areas. First, the scope is broadened to include vector control interventions beyond indoor residual spraying.

This change is needed given insecticide resistance now, more so than ever, requires an integrated approach to programming that utilizes existing data to inform the strategic deployment of interventions.

Second, the scope has been broadened to include vector control for mosquito-borne diseases beyond malaria, such as the Zika virus. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the Zika virus and associated health threats an international public health emergency.

The virus, spread primarily by mosquitoes, is linked to serious birth defects in babies of mothers who were infected while pregnant. The range of adverse fetal outcomes can be avoided through prevention of bites from Zika-infected mosquitoes. This can be achieved through a variety of activities including larviciding, environmental management, use of personal repellents, and http://www.pmi.gov/ social behavior change communication. Additional research is being done into various methods of applying adulticides and other novel technologies that will be incorporated into programming when proven effective. USAID has been coordinating with USG agencies and working with international stakeholders to support Zika response efforts.

C.1.3 OBJECTIVES

(a) Objectives: The four main objectives of this IDIQ are as follows:

(1) Objective 1: Direct implementation of, and/or technical assistance for implementation of proven, life-saving vector control interventions for mosquito-borne diseases, utilizing an integrated approach1 to vector control.

(2) Objective 2: Provide support for data-driven decision-making and guidance to inform strategic deployment of vector control interventions for mosquito-borne diseases.

(3) Objective 3: Strengthen the capacity of host countries to design, implement, and monitor proven, life-saving vector control interventions for mosquito-borne diseases.

(4) Objective 4: Where preliminary evidence of efficacy and feasibility exists, pilot the scale up of novel vector control interventions, methods, or approaches that are under WHO review, or modifications to existing, proven vector control interventions for mosquito-borne diseases in real-world programmatic settings.

C.1.4 STATEMENT OF WORK

(a) General Contractors under this IDIQ must provide implementation services and technical support for vector control activities to USAID Missions and Country Offices, the USAID/Washington Global Health Bureau, and other USAID Bureaus and operating units.

Task orders issued under this IDIQ will define the precise specifications and activity requirements. Activity requirements may include assistance with the procurement, distribution and storage of vector control commodities, logistical support, training and technical assistance, monitoring, evaluation, and other activities required for effective vector control program implementation.

(b) IDIQ Contractors’ Roles The IDIQ contractors must have the capacity to work in collaboration with Ministries of

Health (MOHs), National Malaria Control Programs (NMCPs), Vector Control Units, host country governments, and other stakeholders to design, implement, and technically assist in any or all elements of vector control activities, depending on specific task order requirements.

(c) Description of Functional Activities and Tasks

1 “Integrated approach” refers to the utilization of existing data to inform the strategic deployment of interventions within the context of other vector control interventions and activities to ensure complementarity.

The expected means for achieving the anticipated results under this Prevention of Mosquito-Borne Diseases through Vector Control IDIQ will be through individually awarded task orders. When a task order is placed under this IDIQ, the selected IDIQ contractor must perform the required functions and tasks within the framework of this IDIQ, or as otherwise specified by the task order. Contractor performance will be evaluated against the performance indicators established in each task order and specified in annual work plans.

The four objectives to be addressed and specific activities to be performed under this IDIQ will be defined in individual task orders, but may include:

(1) Objective 1: Direct implementation of, and/or technical assistance for implementation of proven, life-saving vector control interventions for mosquito-borne diseases, utilizing an integrated approach to vector control.

Illustrative tasks may include, but are not limited to:

• Supporting implementation of all operational aspects related to vector control program implementation. This may include:

i. Implementing, in collaboration with host country governments and other local partners, effective vector control activities that use an integrated approach to programming. This may include providing operational management support, selection of cost-effective, appropriate insecticides, larvicides and other vector control products, and training and hiring of personnel to implement activities, with a focus on gender integration and inclusion.

• Technical assistance and planning support for deployment of vector control activities. This may include:

i. Providing technical leadership and assistance through expert consultancies, short and long term technical assistance, and training to host governments and/or non-governmental partners on designing, refining, and implementing, effective vector control programs. Such technical assistance must, to every extent possible, maximize the use of the growing cadre of entomologists and vector control experts that have been trained over the past ten years.

• Establishing a cost-effective global procurement mechanism for and executing all logistical aspects related to procurement, distribution and storage of vector control commodities. This may include:

i. Procuring vector control commodities, such as insecticides, larvicides, personal repellents, entomological monitoring supplies, spray pumps, and protective equipment. Developing supply chain mechanisms that promote timely receipt, safe transport and storage, and cost-effectiveness and are in compliance with host country national policies, WHO guidelines and the best locally available technical information.

• Ensuring the safe and judicious use of insecticides and other vector control products, including conducting environmental assessments, ensuring adherence to best practices, safe and appropriate waste disposal and monitoring of activities. This may include:

i. Ensuring activities comply with all USG environmental regulations, conducting routine environmental compliance monitoring, preparing environmental assessments or amending existing environmental documentation, and collaborating with host country partners in the monitoring of vector control operations.

• Directly implementing or supporting local partners and/or existing community-based platforms in implementing social and behavior change communication (SBCC) and mobilization activities for vector control programs at multiple levels as appropriate. This may include:

i. Implementing or supporting SBCC approaches, including community mobilization, mass media, dissemination of informational materials, and/or other tools as appropriate to ensure that community members are actively engaged in and aware of vector control activities.

ii. Liaising with other SBCC partners in country to ensure appropriate messaging for interventions based on implementation type (i.e.

interventions implemented alone, or integrated messaging for a combination of activities being implemented together).

(2) Objective 2: Provide support for data-driven decision-making and guidance to inform strategic deployment of vector control interventions for mosquito-borne diseases. This may include:

• Collecting and analyzing and/or providing support for the collection and analysis of entomological monitoring data (such as insecticide susceptibility and vector behavior data) and epidemiological data at all levels (including at the community level) to measure the impact and to help advise PMI, USAID, and host country programs on how best to target and deploy vector control interventions. Activities may involve the use of mobile platforms or mHealth tools, as appropriate.

• Disseminating M&E data and other appropriate data or lessons learned to other partners or international institutions for global reporting (e.g., disseminating entomological data to the African Network for Vector Resistance and coverage data to the WHO).

• Assisting PMI, USAID and technical and normative organizations (e.g., WHO, Roll

Back Malaria Partnership working groups, etc.) with the development of guidelines, policy input, and documentation of best practices on vector control programming and insecticide resistance management, and ensuring that country-level experience is used to guide normative discussions.

(3) Objective 3: Strengthen the capacity of host countries to design, implement, and monitor proven, life-saving vector control interventions for mosquito-borne diseases. This may include:

• Assessing the capacity of host governments and local institutions to implement vector control interventions, and targeted support to build capacity as needed.

• Increasing technical skills and capability among host country staff (at the national, provincial, district, and community level) and other relevant institutions through short- and long-term technical assistance. Providing training and supportive supervision for vector control planning, implementation, and evaluation, in accordance with WHO guidelines.

• Providing technical assistance and training to local institutions, host-country government personnel, and other partners to support the collection, analysis and use of data for decision-making.

(4) Objective 4: Where preliminary evidence of efficacy and feasibility exists, pilot the scale up of novel vector control interventions, methods, or approaches that are under WHO review, or modifications to existing, proven vector control interventions for mosquito-borne diseases in real-world programmatic settings. This may include:

• Conducting operational research or monitoring and evaluation for the scale up of promising new tools or new methods/approaches to existing tools.

C.1.5 RESULTS

The contractor must plan, implement and document a monitoring and evaluation component which will establish the effectiveness of the activity and document the results achieved.

Although core indicators will be specified in individual task orders, illustrative indicators include the following:

• Number of people trained in entomological monitoring

• Number of people trained in implementation of vector control tools

• Number of vector control commodities distributed to prioritized populations/communities

(disaggregated by intervention)

• Number of people reached via social and behavior change communication messages on prioritized and appropriate vector control-related behaviors

• Assessment of local vector susceptibility to insecticides or larvicides, on at least an annual basis

• Number of countries with a vector control strategy, including a plan for monitoring and managing insecticide resistance

• Number of people protected from mosquito-borne diseases through implementation of vector control activities

C.2. TASK ORDER 1 STATEMENT OF WORK

C.2.1 PURPOSE

(a) Purpose: The purpose of this task order is to support PMI, as well as USAID Missions, Country Offices, and Bureaus with malaria programs, in planning and implementing IRS programs and other proven, life-saving malaria vector control interventions with the overall goal of reducing the burden of malaria in Africa. This Task Order will enhance USAID’s ability to implement IRS and integrated malaria vector control programs on the ground through cost-effective commodities procurement and logistics systems, and access to technical expertise in countries affected by malaria.

C.2.2 BACKGROUND

Malaria prevention and control remains a major U.S. foreign assistance objective of the U.S. Government (USG). When it was launched in 2005, the goal of the President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) was to reduce malaria-related mortality by 50 percent across 15 high-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa through a rapid scale-up of four proven and highly effective malaria prevention and treatment measures: insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs); indoor residual spraying (IRS); accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs); and intermittent preventive treatment of pregnant women (IPTp).

PMI is an interagency initiative led by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented together with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). USAID and PMI currently have malaria activities operating from 26 country/regional programs.

With the passage of the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde Global Leadership against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act in 2008, PMI developed a USG Malaria Strategy for 2009–2014. Consistent with this strategy and the increase in annual appropriations supporting PMI, four new countries in sub-Saharan Africa and one regional program in the Greater Mekong Subregion of Southeast Asia were added in 2011. In 2015, PMI launched a new Strategy for 2015-2020 that takes into account the progress over the past decade and the new challenges that have arisen. Activities to be implemented under this task order align with the goal of the PMI Strategy 2015-2020: working with PMI focus countries and partners to further reduce malaria deaths and substantially decrease malaria morbidity towards the long-term goal of elimination. It is also in line with the goals articulated in the Roll Back Malaria Partnership's Action and Investment to Defeat Malaria 2016-2030 and World Health Organization's Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030.

Malaria kills nearly half a million people each year and sickens hundreds of millions more. Both IRS and ITNs have been proven to be cost-effective, life-saving interventions in the fight against malaria in nearly all transmission settings. In pre-elimination settings, larviciding may also be an effective tool to further reduce malaria transmission. The financial and technical contributions of PMI over the past decade have been a major catalyst in the remarkable progress that has been achieved to date. Since 2000, more than 6.2 million lives have been saved worldwide.

PMI, in partnership with Ministries of Health (MOHs) and National Malaria Control Programs (NMCPs) and in support of country-level strategic plans, is providing technical, managerial, and commodity support for IRS and integrated malaria vector control activities. PMI is committed to continuing its support of MOHs and NMCPs in achieving high coverage levels of IRS and ITNs, to ensure that malaria transmission levels are knocked down and kept down, while simultaneously expanding the capacity of MOHs and NMCPs to plan, execute, and monitor malaria vector control programs. PMI has been a global leader in supporting countries to implement IRS activities. With PMI’s contributions, the number of people protected with IRS has increased from 2 million in 3 countries to more than 16 million across 13 PMI focus countries in FY 2015.

Under the previous Indoor Residual Spraying Indefinite Quantity Contract 2 (IRS IQC 2) and related task orders, the scope was focused solely on IRS. However, this task order builds on PMI’s investments in IRS to date and is broadened to include an integrated approach to malaria vector control. This approach will help gain efficiencies and ensure complementarity in malaria vector control activities.

C.2.3 OBJECTIVES

(a) Objectives: The four main objectives of this TO are as follows:

(1) Objective 1: Direct implementation of and/or technical assistance for implementation of IRS and other proven, life-saving vector control interventions utilizing an integrated approach to malaria vector control programming.

(2) Objective 2: Support entomological and epidemiological monitoring and provide technical support for strategic decision making and deployment of vector control interventions for malaria control.

(3) Objective 3: Procure insecticides for IRS and support the delivery and storage of IRS and other malaria vector control products.

(4) Objective 4: Support innovation in vector control interventions for malaria control, including piloting of promising novel tools or approaches that are under WHO review.

C.2.4 STATEMENT OF WORK

(a) General The contractor under this Task Order must provide IRS and integrated malaria vector control services to the USAID/Washington Global Health Bureau and other USAID Bureaus, Missions, USAID Country Offices, and operating units as requested. The contractor must be prepared to provide, as requested by PMI or USAID Missions and other operating units, IRS related commodities procurement and logistical services; planning, organization, management, and implementation of IRS and integrated malaria vector control programs; USAID Mission requested host-country environmental impact assessments and compliance and monitoring assessments (as needed); organization of skills training and provision of ongoing supervision;

long- and short-term technical assistance; and advisory and monitoring services to host country institutions (both governmental and non-governmental) to implement effective IRS and integrated malaria vector control programs.

(b) Contractor’s Role

The contractor under this task order will work in collaboration with MOHs and NMCPs and other stakeholders to design, implement, and technically assist in IRS and/or integrated malaria vector control programs.

(c) Description of Functional Activities and Tasks USAID anticipates a need for IRS and/or integrated malaria vector control services in up to 25 PMI and non-PMI focus countries. In each country, the number of targeted houses to spray per country will likely range from 100,000 houses to 1,000,000 houses each spray round.

Other activities may include technical assistance for ITN distribution or ITN-related monitoring and evaluation, as part of an integrated approach to malaria vector control.

The contractor must be prepared to implement IRS programs in multiple countries simultaneously within four months after award of contract, and provide technical support to countries on short notice. The contractor must also be prepared to simultaneously implement entomological monitoring and/or technical assistance for ITN distribution or ITN-related monitoring and evaluation, in countries where appropriate. Contractor performance will be evaluated against the measures of performance established in this task order and targets established in annual country-level work plans.

The contractor for this task order will support all elements of IRS and integrated malaria vector control programs, including but not limited to the following four objectives:

(1) Objective 1: Direct implementation of and/or technical assistance for implementation of IRS and other proven, life-saving vector control interventions utilizing an integrated approach to malaria vector control programming.

Illustrative tasks may include, but are not limited to:

i. Supporting implementation of all operational aspects related to IRS, either alone or in combination with other vector control activities. This may include:

• Implementing, in collaboration with NMCPs and other local partners, effective IRS and integrated malaria vector control (e.g. IRS & ITNs) programs. This includes selection of cost-effective, appropriate insecticides and ITNs, and timely deployment to maximize protection during transmission seasons.

• Providing operational management support (i.e. field supervision, operations planning, and day-to-day implementation management), and establishing efficient operations structures and systems.

• Collecting and analyzing routine project implementation data and establishing robust monitoring and evaluation systems to ensure accuracy of data collection and entry process through comprehensive trainings and supervision, using standardized procedures to minimize errors and facilitate timely reporting. Ensuring communication of data to host country governments, and other stakeholders in a timely manner and digestible format.

ii. Technical assistance and planning support for targeting and deployment of IRS and other malaria vector control activities, including ITNs (micro-planning, training, etc.), using an integrated approach. This may include:

• Providing technical leadership and tailored assistance through expert consultancies, short and long term technical assistance visits, and training to host governments and/or non-governmental implementing partners, on designing, refining, and implementing effective IRS programs, either alone or in combination with other vector control activities. Technical assistance and planning support must be based upon best practices as defined by WHO guidelines, PMI Technical Guidance, and lessons learned from other countries. Such technical assistance must, to every extent possible, maximize the use of the growing cadre of local entomologists, and IRS and vector control experts that have been trained over the past ten years.

• Advising PMI and host country programs on where, when, and how best to target and deploy malaria vector control interventions, based on existing entomological and epidemiological data, in a strategic and integrated manner to ensure activities are complementary and appropriate. Customizing technical consultations and program support to meet evolving country needs at varying stages of malaria vector control implementation.

iii. Ensure the safe and judicious use of insecticides and other malaria vector control products, including conducting environmental assessments, ensuring adherence to best practices, safe and appropriate waste disposal and monitoring of activities. This may include:

• Ensuring activities comply with all USG environmental regulations in accordance with 22 CFR 216; following the procedures set forth in the IEE, Integrated Vector Management for Malaria Vector Control PEA; and adhering to global best practices for environmental compliance (e.g., the PMI IRS Best Management Practices Manual).

• Preparing environmental assessments or amending existing environmental documentation (including country-level SEAs as needed) to describe country-level activities, conditions, and regulations.

• Conducting routine environmental compliance monitoring according to an approved Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) and document observations and corrective actions in annual Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Reports (EMMRs). Ensuring activities adhere to safer use action plans to reduce environmental risk, including the safe and appropriate disposal of vector control waste, such as IRS insecticides.

• Collaborating with Ministries of Health, Environment, Agriculture, and other Ministries as appropriate, local non-governmental organizations, and other partners in the monitoring of vector control operations.

iv. Strengthen the capacity of NMCPs, vector control personnel, and other relevant institutions in the managerial, technical, supervisory, and evaluative functions related to implementation and management of IRS and other malaria vector control activities. This may include:

• Improving the technical and programmatic skills and capacity of host country NMCP staff and health personnel (at all levels) and other relevant institutions through short- and long-term technical assistance, training, mentoring, and supportive supervision.

• Establishing (as needed), participating in, and providing technical feedback to country-level vector control advisory committees, or equivalent bodies to ensure country-level vector control data is disseminated and analyzed and country-level policies and procedures reflect the latest global guidance.

• Developing capacity assessments and capacity building action plans, as requested, to ensure gaps, progress, and capacity building activities are documented and analyzed on a regular basis.

v. Promote gender equality across all facets of planning and implementation and collaborate with local governments to help build capacity and institutionalize the role of gender equality in malaria vector control activities. This may include:

• Facilitating appropriate training of project and host country government staff on gender integration in the context of vector control programs in each country.

• Ensuring that women who participate in malaria vector control activities are protected (e.g., protecting pregnant women from exposure to insecticides, ensuring pregnancy is not grounds for termination of employment, providing gender-specific facilities within operational sites).

vi. Directly implementing or supporting local partners and/or existing community-based platforms in implementing SBCC and mobilization activities for IRS and other malaria vector control activities at multiple levels as appropriate. This may include:

• Door- to-door community mobilization, mass media, community dialogues, and/or other tools as appropriate to ensure that community members are supportive of malaria vector control activities being implemented in their communities. Engaging with national, regional, district and local leadership to ensure sufficient government involvement, awareness and participation in implementation of SBCC and mobilization activities.

• Developing, adapting, and/or disseminating informational materials and tools related to the prevention of malaria and successful deployment of malaria vector control interventions.

• Liaising with other SBCC partners in country to ensure appropriate messaging for interventions based on implementation type (i.e. interventions implemented alone, or integrated messaging for a combination of activities being implemented together, such as IRS and ITNs).

(2) Objective 2: Support entomological and epidemiological monitoring and provide technical support for strategic decision making and deployment of vector control interventions for malaria control.

i. Implement, or support the implementation of, vector control monitoring activities

(including entomological monitoring) to guide the deployment and assess the effect of IRS and other malaria vector control interventions. This may include:

• Collecting and analyzing and/or providing support for the collection and analysis of entomological monitoring data (such as insecticide susceptibility, vector behavior, and net durability monitoring data) to measure the impact and inform deployment of malaria vector control activities.

• Collecting and/or analyzing epidemiological data, as requested, to monitor and inform vector control activities (e.g. compilation and analysis of routine HMIS data in targeted areas to determine impact of interventions).

ii. Support/update country-level insecticide resistance management, IRS or integrated malaria vector control strategies. This may include:

• Developing, updating, or supporting the NMCP or local partners to develop or update country-level insecticide resistance management, IRS or integrated malaria vector control strategies that reflect the latest entomological and epidemiological data in-country and are consistent with global and/or USAID technical guidance, including the Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management (GPIRM), PMI Technical Guidance, and best practices.

Ensuring country-level strategies are appropriate and actionable, and facilitating their successful implementation as appropriate.

iii. Build the capacity of NMCPs and local institutions to collect, analyze, and use data for strategic malaria vector control decision-making or leverage existing institutions.

This may include:

• Providing technical assistance, training, and mentoring of NMCPs and local institutions to enhance their capacity to collect, analyze, and use country level data for decision-making. Ensuring host country governments have access to the necessary data to make decisions, and are trained on how to properly assess the data for decision-making.

iv. Provide global technical leadership for IRS and other aspects of malaria vector control, including supporting the development of sound vector control policies and guidance. This may include:

• Assisting PMI and technical and normative organizations (e.g., WHO, Roll Back Malaria Partnership working groups, etc.) with development of guidelines, policy input, and documentation of best practices on IRS and integrated malaria vector control management.

• Participating in and leading global forums (e.g. RBM Vector Control Working Group, Alliance for Malaria Prevention, innovation to impact (i2I), etc.) to advance technical discussion and development of evidence-based vector control policies and guidance that reflect evolving country-level data and needs.

(3) Objective 3: Procure insecticides for IRS and support the delivery and storage of IRS and other malaria vector control products.

i. Establish a cost-effective global procurement mechanism for IRS insecticides and WHO recommended non-ITN malaria vector control products and execute all logistical aspects related to procurement, distribution and storage of IRS and other related malaria vector control commodities. This may include:

• Procuring IRS insecticides and related malaria vector control commodities (exclusive of ITNs2), such as entomological supplies, spray pumps, and protective equipment, and developing supply chain mechanisms that promote timely receipt, safe transport and storage of all malaria vector control commodities (inclusive of ITNs, as requested).This could include utilization of small businesses for procurement of locally available supplies as a cost-saving measure, if appropriate. Commodities will be managed using best practices to reduce environmental risk during transport and storage.

• Establishing robust inventory management and logistics systems, which include adequate safeguards to prevent leakage of vector control commodities.

(4) Objective 4: Support innovation in vector control interventions for malaria control, including piloting of promising novel tools or approaches that are under WHO review.

i. Conduct operational research or monitoring for the scale up of promising new tools or new methods/approaches to existing tools that are under WHO review. This may include:

• As determined with PMI, piloting the scale-up of promising new approaches, tools and technologies to enhance existing vector control efforts.

• As determined with PMI, providing entomological support to gather evidence for new vector control interventions or modification of existing interventions (e.g., conducting field hut trials to evaluate new formulations of insecticides for IRS or new ITNs). Activities could involve local research institutions.

ii. Knowledge creation and sharing through dissemination of best practices and lessons learned, etc. This may include:

• Disseminating program data, innovations, best practices and other appropriate data or lessons learned to other partners or international institutions for global reporting (e.g., disseminating entomological data to the African Network for Vector Resistance and IRS coverage data to WHO).

iii. Development and deployment of cost savings approaches. This may include:

2 ITNs are procured through the Global Health Supply Chain - Procurement and Supply Management project.

• Assessing cost-effectiveness of existing approaches and recommending innovative or novel approaches to achieve cost savings in the implementation of IRS and integrated malaria vector control programs.

iv. Cultivate public private partnerships. This may include:

• Actively engaging with private sector entities to establish public private partnerships (as appropriate) with the goal of increasing the quality and coverage of malaria vector control activities globally.

C.2.5 RESULTS

The contractor must plan, implement and document a monitoring and evaluation component which will establish the effectiveness of the activity in entomological and epidemiological terms as well as results achieved.

The following minimum indicators must be included in the contractor’s monitoring and evaluation plan:

• Number of people residing in houses sprayed (people protected by IRS, disaggregated by pregnant women and children under five)

• Percentage of houses targeted for spraying that were sprayed

• Number of houses sprayed

• Number of people trained in entomological monitoring

• Assessment of local vector susceptibility to insecticides, on at least an annual basis

• Determination of quality of IRS and/or insecticide decay on the local substrate

• Number of countries with a vector control strategy, including a plan for monitoring and managing insecticide resistance Capacity of local, regional, and/or national governments to conduct various aspects of the IRS program.

• Number of ITNs distributed, by channel (if support is requested by countries)

• Number of people trained to deliver malaria vector control interventions (disaggregated by intervention and gender)

• Number of people reached through SBCC messages related to the prevention of malaria

In some cases, where monitoring and evaluation mechanisms exist or where other implementing partners are collecting such information, the contractor will be responsible for gathering this information only.

The contractor must propose other indicators that will demonstrate project success, such as indicators measuring efforts in capacity building and information, education, and communication.

END OF SECTION C