Sol_72062120R00003.pdf

72062120R00003

SOLICITATION, OFFER AND AWARD

4. TYPE OF SOLICITATION2. CONTRACT NUMBER 3. SOLICITATION NUMBER

7. ISSUED BY CODE 8. ADDRESS OFFER TO (If other than Item 7)

ORDER UNDER DPAS (15 CFR 700)

6. REQUISITION/PURCHASE NUMBER

NOTE: In sealed bid solicitations "offer" and "offeror" mean "bid" and "bidder".

NEGOTIATED (RFP)

SEALED BID (IFB)

5. DATE ISSUED

1. THIS CONTRACT IS A RATED RATING PAGE OF PAGES

1 133

C. E-MAIL ADDRESS

EXT.NUMBERAREA CODE

B. TELEPHONE (NO COLLECT CALLS)A. NAME10. FOR

INFORMATION

CALL:

CAUTION: LATE Submissions, Modifications, and Withdrawals: See Section L, Provision No. 52.214-7 or 52.215-1. All offers are subject to all terms and conditions contained in this solicitation.

(Date)(Hour) local timeuntildepository located in copies for furnishing the supplies or services in the Schedule will be received at the place specified in Item 8, or if hand carried, in the

SOLICITATION

9. Sealed offers in original and

PART IV - REPRESENTATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS

OTHER STATEMENTS OF OFFERORS

EVALUATION FACTORS FOR AWARD

INSTRS., CONDS., AND NOTICES TO OFFERORS

REPRESENTATIONS, CERTIFICATIONS AND

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

CONTRACT CLAUSES

PART III - LIST OF DOCUMENTS, EXHIBITS AND OTHER ATTACH.

I

J

K

L

M SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS

CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA

DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE

INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

PACKAGING AND MARKING

DESCRIPTION/SPECS./WORK STATEMENT

SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICES/COSTS

SOLICITATION/CONTRACT FORM

PART II - CONTRACT CLAUSESPART I - THE SCHEDULE

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G

F

E

D

C

B

A

SEC. DESCRIPTION PAGE(S) (X) DESCRIPTION SEC. (X)

11. TABLE OF CONTENTS

18. OFFER DATE17. SIGNATURE

SUCH ADDRESS IN SCHEDULE.

IS DIFFERENT FROM ABOVE - ENTER

15C. CHECK IF REMITTANCE ADDRESS

EXT.NUMBERAREA CODE

15B. TELEPHONE NUMBER

(Type or print)AND

ADDRESS

OF

OFFEROR

CODE FACILITY

16. NAME AND TITLE OF PERSON AUTHORIZED TO SIGN OFFER15A. NAME

DATEAMENDMENT NO.DATEAMENDMENT NO.

and related documents numbered and dated):

amendments to the SOLICITATION for offerors

(The offeror acknowledges receipt of

14. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF AMENDMENTS

CALENDAR DAYS (%)30 CALENDAR DAYS (%)20 CALENDAR DAYS (%)10 CALENDAR DAYS (%)

(See Section I, Clause No. 52.232.8)

13. DISCOUNT FOR PROMPT PAYMENT

designated point(s), within the time specified in the schedule.

by the offeror) from the date for receipt of offers specified above, to furnish any or all items upon which prices are offered at the price set opposite each item, delivered at the

NOTE: Item 12 does not apply if the solicitation includes the provisions at 52.214-16, Minimum Bid Acceptance Period.

OFFER (Must be fully completed by offeror)

IMPORTANT - Award will be made on this Form, or on Standard Form 26, or by other authorized official written notice.

28. AWARD DATE

(Signature of Contracting Officer)

27. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

25. PAYMENT WILL BE MADE BY

26. NAME OF CONTRACTING OFFICER (Type or print)

CODE 24. ADMINISTERED BY (If other than Item 7)

ITEM

(4 copies unless otherwise specified)

23. SUBMIT INVOICES TO ADDRESS SHOWN IN

41 U.S.C. 253 (c) ( 10 U.S.C. 2304 (c) (

22. AUTHORITY FOR USING OTHER THAN FULL AND OPEN COMPETITION:

21. ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION20. AMOUNT19. ACCEPTED AS TO ITEMS NUMBERED

AWARD (To be completed by government)

CODE

REQ-621-20-00003204/20/2020

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720621 USAID/Tanzania USAID/Tanzania 2140 Dar es Salaam Place Washington DC 20521-2140

1400 C 05/19/2020

Ruby Tawonezvi rtawonezvi@usaid.gov

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PAGE(S)

Ayana Angulo

AUTHORIZED FOR LOCAL REPRODUCTION

Previous edition is unusable

STANDARD FORM 33 (Rev. 9-97) Prescribed by GSA - FAR (48 CFR) 53.214(c)

12. In compliance with the above, the undersigned agrees, if this offer is accepted within _____30_________ calendar days (60 calendar days unless a different period is inserted

Issuance Date: April 20, 2020 Deadline for Questions: April 27, 2020 at 0700 East Africa Time (EAT) Deadline for Receipt of Past Performance Information: May 12, 2020 at 0700 EAT Key Personnel Annex: May 12, 2020 at 0700 EAT Deadline for Receipt of Proposal: May 19, 2020 at 0700 EAT

Subject: Request for Proposal (RFP) No. SOL_72062120R00003 – Tuhifadhi Maliasili Activity

Dear Prospective Offerors:

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in Tanzania is seeking proposals from responsible organizations interested in providing technical support to address dynamics that hinder habitat connectivity and the long-term persistence of biodiversity in Tanzania. The proposed activity is meant to reduce threats to biodiversity in Tanzania while moving Tanzanian institutions further on their journey to self-reliance, as detailed in Section C of the RFP.

USAID/Tanzania anticipates awarding one Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF) term type contract from this solicitation. The anticipated period of performance is five years, subject to availability of funds. The authorized geographic code for this procurement is 935 and the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 541990 -- All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services.

This procurement is being conducted through full and open competition, pursuant to Part 15 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR). All types of organizations are eligible to compete and local, Tanzanian organizations are encouraged to submit offers. All organizations responding to this solicitation, must submit their proposal in accordance with Section L of this RFP. Proposals must be submitted electronically to the USAID Tanzania contracting office mailbox at usaidtzco@usaid.gov. Late proposals will be handled in accordance with FAR 52.215-1, Alternate I.

The RFP, once issued, and subsequent amendments thereto, can be downloaded from the Official U.S. government website at: https://beta.sam.gov/. An Interested Vendor List (IVL) is not included in this solicitation. Offerors can register and use the IVL on the https://beta.sam.gov/ website. This is a useful tool so that firms can contact one another for consideration of teaming arrangements and/or small business subcontracting opportunities in response to this solicitation.

If substantive questions are received which affect the response to the solicitation, or if changes are made to the closing date and time, as well as other aspects of the RFP, this solicitation will be amended. Any amendments to this solicitation will be issued and posted on the https://beta.sam.gov/ website. It is the Offeror’s responsibility to check this site periodically for official updates and amendments to the solicitation.

Questions and Answers: The deadline for receiving questions is indicated above. Questions must be submitted to the USAID/Tanzania contracting office mailbox at usaidtzco@usaid.gov.

This solicitation in no way obligates USAID to award a contract, nor does it commit USAID to pay any cost incurred in the preparation and submission of the proposal.

Furthermore, the Government reserves the right to reject any and all offers, if such action is in the best interest of the Government.

Thank you for your interest in USAID/Tanzania development activities.

Best Regards, Ayana Angulo Contracting Officer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION B – SERVICES/PRICES

B.1 PURPOSE

B.2 CONTRACT TYPE

B.3 ESTIMATED COST, FIXED FEE AND OBLIGATED AMOUNT

B.4 COST PLUS FIXED FEE BUDGET

B.5 REIMBURSEMENT OF COSTS AND PAYMENT OF FIXED FEE

B.6 LEVEL OF EFFORT

B.7 INDIRECT COSTS

B.8 MULTI-YEAR CONTRACT ..............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

SECTION C – DESCRIPTION/SPECIFICATIONS/STATEMENT OF WORK

C.1 INTRODUCTION

C.2 BACKGROUND

C.2.1 Journey to Self-Reliance C.2.2 Tanzania Country Context C.2.3 Problem Statement

C.3 SCOPE OF WORK

C.3.1 Earmark Requirements C.3.2 Goal and Theory of Change C.3.3 Geographic coverage C.3.4 Project Objectives and Expected Outcomes C.3.5 Guiding Principles

C.4 GRANTS UNDER CONTRACT

C.5 MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND LEARNING

C.5.1 Theory of Change approach C.5.2 Required standard and custom indicators C.5.3 Collaborating, Learning and Adapting (CLA)

C.6 STRATEGIC BIODIVERSITY ACTIVITY FUND

C.7 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT

C.7.1 Regulation 216 C.7.2 Climate Risk Management

SECTION D – PACKAGING AND MARKING

D.1 AIDAR 752.7009 MARKING (JAN 1993)

D.2 BRANDING POLICY

D.3 BRANDING STRATEGY

SECTION E – INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

E.1 52.252-2 CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (FEB 1998)

E.2 INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

SECTION F – DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE

F.1 52.252-2 CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (FEB 1998)

F.2 PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE

F.3. PLACE OF PERFORMANCE

F.4 REPORTS, DELIVERABLES, AND OUTPUTS

SECTION G – CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA

G.1 AIDAR 752.7003 DOCUMENTATION FOR PAYMENT (NOV 1998)

G.2 CONTRACTING OFFICER’S AUTHORITY

G.3 CONTRACTING OFFICER’S REPRESENTATIVE

G.4 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRACTING OFFICE

G.5 PAYING OFFICE

G.6 ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION DATA

G.7 TECHNICAL DIRECTIONS/RELATIONSHIP WITH USAID

SECTION H - SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS

H.1 AUTHORIZED GEOGRAPHIC CODE

H.2 KEY PERSONNEL

H.3 INSURANCE AND SERVICES

H.4 ADS 302.3.5.19 USAID-FINANCED THIRD-PARTY WEB SITES (NOV 2017)

H.5 ADS 302.3.5.21 SUBMISSION OF DATASETS TO THE DEVELOPMENT DATA LIBRARY

(DDL) (OCT 2014)

H.6 AAPD 16-02-REVISED ELECTRONIC AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ACCESSIBILITY (APR 2018) (Class Deviations M/Oaa-Dev-Far-18-2c, And M/Oaa-Dev-Aidar-18-2c)

H.7 AAPD 16-02 REVISED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPROVAL (APRIL 2018)

(DEVIATION NO. M/OAA-DEV-FAR-18-2c

H.8 NON-EXPENDABLE PROPERTY PURCHASES AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

RESOURCES

H.9 AIDAR 752.222-70 USAID DISABILITY POLICY (DEC 2004)

H.10 GRANTS UNDER CONTRACT

H.11 SALARY APPROVALS FOR LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

H.12 FOREIGN GOVERNMENT DELEGATIONS TO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES (JUNE

2012)

H.13 LOGISTICAL SUPPORT

H.14 CONSENT TO SUBCONTRACT

H.15 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT

H.16 ACTIVITY INTEGRATION

H.17 PEB NO. 2014-06 ELECTRONIC PAYMENTS SYSTEM

H.18 STRATEGIC BIODIVERSITY ACTIVITY FUND

H.19 PRESS RELEASES, MEDIA ENGAGEMENTS, AND PUBLIC EVENTS

H. 20 LEAHY VETTING

SECTION I – CONTRACT CLAUSES

I.1 FAR 52.252-2 CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (FEB 1998)

I.2 752.252-2 AIDAR SOLICITATION CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (MAR 2015)

I.3 FAR 52.204-1 APPROVAL OF CONTRACT (DEC 1989)

I. 4 52.204-21 BASIC SAFEGUARDING OF COVERED CONTRACTOR INFORMATION

SYSTEMS (JUN 2016)

I.5 52.204-25 PROHIBITION ON CONTRACTING FOR CERTAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS

AND VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SERVICES OR EQUIPMENT (AUG 2019)

I.6 52.222-35 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR VETERANS (OCT 2015)

I.7 52.222-36 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR WORKERS WITH DISABILITIES (JUL 2014)

I.8 52.245-1 GOVERNMENT PROPERTY (JAN 2017)

I.10 AIDAR 752.229-71 REPORTING OF FOREIGN TAXES (JULY 2007)

I.11 AIDAR 752.231-72 CONFERENCE PLANNING AND REQUIRED APPROVALS (AUG 2013)91

I.12 752.245-70 GOVERNMENT PROPERTY—USAID REPORTING REQUIREMENTS (OCT 2017)

I.13 752.7004 EMERGENCY LOCATOR INFORMATION (JUL 1997)

I.14 752.7005 SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE

DOCUMENTS (SEP 2013)

I.15 752.7013 CONTRACTOR-MISSION RELATIONSHIPS (JUN 2018)

I.16 752.7034 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND DISCLAIMER (DEC 1991)

SECTION J – LIST OF DOCUMENTS, EXHIBITS AND OTHER ATTACHMENTS

SECTION K – REPRESENTATIONS, CERTIFICATIONS, AND OTHER STATEMENTS

K.1 NOTICE LISTING SOLICITATION PROVISIONS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE ..99

K.1 FAR 52.204-8 ANNUAL REPRESENTATIONS AND CERTIFICATIONS (JAN 2020)

K.2 52.204-24 REPRESENTATION REGARDING CERTAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND

VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SERVICES OR EQUIPMENT (DEC 2019)

K.3 52.204-26 COVERED TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT OR SERVICES-

REPRESENTATION (DEC 2019)

K.4 52.209-7 INFORMATION REGARDING RESPONSIBILITY MATTERS (OCT 2018)

K.5 52.209-13 VIOLATION OF ARMS CONTROL TREATIES OR AGREEMENTS-

CERTIFICATION (JUN 2018)

K.6 52.230-1 COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS NOTICES AND CERTIFICATION (OCT 2015)

SECTION L – INSTRUCTIONS, CONDITIONS, AND NOTICES TO OFFERORS

L.1 FAR 52.252-1 SOLICITATION PROVISIONS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (FEB 1998)

L.2 52.216-1 TYPE OF CONTRACT (APR 1984)

L.3 FAR 52.233-2 SERVICE OF PROTEST (SEP 2006)

L.4 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO OFFERORS

L.5 DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS

L.6 INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL PROPOSAL

L.6.1 General Technical Proposal Instructions L.6.2 Technical Proposal Format

L.7 COST PROPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS

L.8 INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARATION OF BRANDING IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND

MARKING PLAN (BIP AND MP)

SECTION M - EVALUATION FACTORS FOR AWARD

M.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

M.2 TECHNICAL EVALUATION FACTORS

M.4 COST EVALUATION

M.4 DETERMINATION OF THE COMPETITIVE RANGE AND CONTRACT AWARD

M.5 SOURCE SELECTION

SECTION B – SERVICES/PRICES

B.1 PURPOSE

The purpose of the Tuhifadhi Maliasili activity is to address dynamics that threaten habitat connectivity and the long-term persistence of biodiversity in Tanzania in a manner that: i) increases private sector engagement in conservation and natural resource management (NRM); ii) builds the capacity of the public sector and civil society; iii) strengthen the policy and regulatory framework for conservation and NRM; and iv) enhances knowledge management across sectors, as detailed in Section C.

B.2 CONTRACT TYPE

This is a Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF) term type contract. For the consideration set forth below, the contractor must perform the tasks required in Section C (Statement of Work), provide the Level of Effort as described in Section B.6. and comply with all Contract requirements.

B.3 ESTIMATED COST, FIXED FEE AND OBLIGATED AMOUNT

(a) The estimated cost for the performance of the work required hereunder, exclusive of fixed fee, if any, is to be determined [$TBD]. The fixed fee, if any, is [$TBD]. The estimated cost-plus-fixed-fee, if any, is [$TBD].

(b) Within the estimated cost-plus fixed fee (if any) specified in paragraph B.3(a) above, the amount currently obligated and available for reimbursement of allowable costs incurred by the Contractor (and payment of fee, if any) for performance hereunder is [$TBD]. The Contractor must not exceed the aforesaid obligated amount in accordance with the Limitation of Funds Clause, FAR 52.232.22.

(c) Funds obligated hereunder are anticipated to be enough through [TBD].

B.4 COST PLUS FIXED FEE BUDGET

The following budget table captures the final negotiated budget for the performance of the work required to achieve the objectives in the SOW:

CLIN Cost Element Amount 0001 Technical Assistance

Direct Costs* $ Indirect Costs $ Total Estimated Cost $

0002 Fixed Fee $ 0003 Grants Under Contract (GUCs)** $7,500,000

Total Estimated Cost-Plus Fixed Fee $

*Includes labor, fringe benefits, allowances, travel, equipment, supplies, subcontracts, and other direct costs.

**The amount of $7,500,000 is a lump sum exclusively reserved for GUCs. This amount does not include any relevant management or administrative expenses incurred by the contractor.

B.5 REIMBURSEMENT OF COSTS AND PAYMENT OF FIXED FEE

(a) Allowable costs shall be limited to reasonable, allocable and necessary costs determined in accordance with FAR clause 52.216-7, Allowable Cost and Payment and AIDAR clause 752.7003, Documentation for Payment.

(b) Payment of fixed fee, subject to FAR 52.216-8, may be made upon receipt of a proper invoice. Subject to FAR 52.216-8, payment of fixed fee, if applicable, shall be allocated based upon the proportion of the Level of Effort (LOE) specified in Section B.6. The Contractor will be paid the proportion of the fee that corresponds to the proportion of labor delivered by the Contractor during the period covered by the invoice. If the Contractor does not provide the total LOE stipulated in Section B.6, the total amount of fixed fee will be reduced in similar proportion.

B.6 LEVEL OF EFFORT

(a) The Contractor must devote 31,382 person-days of professional level of effort (LOE) for the following categories of employees: Long-Term and Short-Term direct employees and consultants. It is estimated that the level of effort is constituted as specified below and will be expended as follows:

Category

LOE

Year 1

LOE

Year 2

LOE

Year 3

LOE

Year 4

LOE

Year 5

Total

LOE

Professional Staff Expatriate and local

5,908 6,168 6,168 6,169 6,169 30,582

Short-term staff and Consultants 160 160 160 160 160 800

TOTAL LOE 6068 6,328 6,328 6,329 6,329 31,382*

* USAID estimates the level of effort will be allocated across the three Objectives in Section C as follows: Objective 1- 35%; Objective 2- 35% and Objective 3- 30%.

(b) Once the required level of effort has been provided, the contract will be completed;

however, the Contractor can, with the written approval of the Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) reallocate level of effort between labor categories within the general scope of the Contract. Reallocation of level of effort must not result in an increase in the total estimated cost of, or exceed the obligated amount in, the Contract without the prior written approval of the Contracting Officer.

Approvals, technical orders or other direction from the COR do not constitute authorization to increase the total LOE for this Contract. The Government is not obligated to reimburse the Contractor for any actions which increase LOE unless such actions have been authorized in writing by the Contracting Officer.

B.7 INDIRECT COSTS

For the Prime Contractor:

Pending establishment of revised provisional or final indirect cost rates, allowable indirect costs will be reimbursed on the basis of the following negotiated provisional or predetermined rates and the appropriate bases:

Description Rate Base Type Period

TBD TBD 1/ 1/ 1/

TBD TBD 2/ 2/ 2/

1/ Base of Application:

Type of Rate:

Period:

2/ Base of Application:

Type of Rate:

Period:

For Each of the Major Subcontractor(s)*

Description Rate Base Type Period

TBD TBD 1/ 1/ 1/

TBD TBD 2/ 2/ 2/

1/ Base of Application:

Type of Rate:

Period:

2/ Base of Application:

Type of Rate:

Period:

*“Major Subcontractors” are those subcontractors whose proposed cost exceeds 20% of the total LOE.

The Contractor is allowed to recover applicable indirect costs (i.e. overhead, G&A, etc.)

on other direct costs (ODCs), if it is part of the Contractor’s usual accounting procedures, consistent with FAR Part 31, and the Negotiated Indirect Cost Rate Agreement (NICRA).

[END OF SECTION B]

SECTION C – DESCRIPTION/SPECIFICATIONS/STATEMENT OF WORK

ACRONYMS

ADS Automated Directives System AWP Annual Work Plan CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CDCS Country Development Cooperation Strategy CFR Code of Federal Regulations CITES Convention on Illegal Trade in Endangered Species CLA Collaborating, Learning, and Adapting CO Contracting Officer COP Chief of Party COR Contracting Officer’s Representative CSO Civil Society Organization CWT Combating Wildlife Trafficking DFC Development Finance Corporation FY Fiscal Year GDP Gross Domestic Product GOT Government of Tanzania GUC Grants Under Contract Ha Hectare HICD Human and Institutional Capacity Development IEE Initial Environmental Examination J2SR Journey to Self-Reliance MEL Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning MNRT Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism NGO Non-Government Organization NLUPC National Land Use Planning Commission NRM Natural Resources Management PAD Project Appraisal Document PIRS Performance Indicator Reference Sheets SOW Scope of Work TDV Tanzania’s Development Vision TOC Theory of Change U.S. United States USAID United States Agency for International Development VLUP Village Land Use Plan WMA Wildlife Management Area WOPE Whole of Project Evaluation

C.1 INTRODUCTION

Sound management of biodiversity is integral to Tanzania’s development, resilience, and self-reliance. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) activity entitled ‘USAID Tuhifadhi Maliasili’ is a key part of the U.S. government’s biodiversity conservation portfolio in Tanzania. The goal of this activity is to address dynamics that hinder habitat connectivity and the long-term persistence of biodiversity in Tanzania. This activity will incorporate a series of interventions that support and strengthen government and civil society capacity for biodiversity conservation in a manner that: i) increases private sector engagement in conservation and natural resource management (NRM); ii) builds the capacity of the public sector and civil society; and iii) strengthens the policy and regulatory framework for conservation and NRM. These interventions together will reduce threats to biodiversity in Tanzania while moving Tanzanian institutions further on their journey to self-reliance.

C.2 BACKGROUND

C.2.1 Journey to Self-Reliance

USAID focuses on supporting partner countries on the Journey to Self-Reliance (J2SR).

To accomplish this, USAID’s investments across sectors is prioritizing helping partner countries plan, finance, and implement their own solutions to development challenges. In the environment sector, self-reliance depends on the sustainable use of natural resources and an equitable sharing of benefits derived from ecosystem goods and services. A country must both commit to protecting its resources and have the capacity to manage natural resources in an inclusive and equitable manner.

As a party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Government of Tanzania (GOT) has committed to ambitious national targets for conservation, in line with the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. This commitment to designating space for conservation is clearly reflected in the Tanzania FY 2020 Country Road Map (https://selfreliance.usaid.gov/country/tanzania). Tanzania scores .95 in commitment to biodiversity and habitat protection, indicating that GOT is committed to protecting a significant amount of biologically important areas that is largely representative of the species and habitats found in the country. However, while Tanzania scores high on the Road Map’s biodiversity-specific metric, its low scores for liberal democracy and open government demonstrate that there are substantial commitment gaps that have the potential to erode the biodiversity sector commitments. It is important to note that designating spaces as protected areas is only part of the solution; actual protection of these areas, which can be hindered by lack of resources, corruption, or other factors, is critical to ensure the long-term persistence of biodiversity.

Furthermore, several key capacity metrics lag. The Road Map as a whole indicates that there is a significant need to build the capacity of the institutions responsible for biodiversity conservation and sustainable NRM; to strengthen the enabling environment and create greater collaboration and cooperation across government ministries to address conservation and NRM challenges; to engage the private sector to support biodiversity https://selfreliance.usaid.gov/country/tanzania conservation and NRM measures; and to support civil society and media in these areas.

C.2.2 Tanzania Country Context

Tanzania’s Development Vision 2025 (TDV 2025), adopted in 2000, provides the long-term vision for the country’s economic and social development. This vision serves as the overarching framework under which Tanzania has developed its five-year development strategies and sector-specific strategic plans. Given that Tanzania has an overwhelmingly young and growing population, USAID supports the realization of the TDV through its Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS).

The goal for the 2020−2025 CDCS is Tanzanian youth supported to contribute effectively to their country’s long-term prosperity. Through the implementation of this strategy, youth will be better able to achieve their aspirations and empowered to make a constructive, positive impact on furthering Tanzania along its path to self-reliance. Within this framework, USAID closely collaborates with the Tanzanian people and government to improve NRM practices and conserve biodiversity. In particular, USAID supports biodiversity programs that work towards increasing the empowerment, productivity and engagement of Tanzanians aged 15-35 and strengthening the capacity of state and non-state actors to benefit future generations.

USAID Tuhifadhi Maliasili is authorized under the amended USAID/Tanzania’s Stewardship of Natural Resources Improved (2014-2020) Project Appraisal Document (PAD) and contributes to the achievement of USAID/Tanzania’s CDCS. The current USAID/Tanzania NRM PAD was approved in 2014 but was significantly updated in 2018 based on the findings of the Whole of Project Evaluation (WOPE). In 2017, USAID/Tanzania commissioned the WOPE to determine if USAID-funded NRM and biodiversity conservation activities were making progress towards the stated project purpose and to identify the assumptions or gaps in the project’s design and management approach. The full WOPE report can be accessed here:

https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N4SR.pdf

Several findings of the WOPE are relevant to this activity. In particular, the WOPE identified a lack of sufficient coordination and integration efforts to build synergies between USAID activities. The WOPE also found a lack of strategic coordination with the GOT at the policy level. In terms of governance, USAID was focused primarily on supporting Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) as a means of promoting access to and rights over resources. However, the WOPE found there was room to expand the range of governance tools used for NRM or to conserve biodiversity through various institutional structures as well as governance instruments. The WOPE also found that the current level of private sector engagement, the level of economic benefits, and their distribution, were insufficient to contribute to poverty alleviation and empower local groups, especially women and youth. The WOPE found that private sector participation is hampered by an unfriendly business environment, a limited range of conservation-based enterprises, and inadequate coordination between the public and private sectors. Based on these findings, the WOPE identified several recommendations that are applicable to this activity:

https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N4SR.pdf

● Expand beyond the WMA model and support a range of governance tools to provide tenure security and positive natural resource impacts;

● Expand economic opportunities in order to generate a wider scope of benefits at the community rather than the household level;

● Systematically integrate empowerment of women and youth;

● Integrate approaches and coordinate activities between partners;

● Focus on connectivity issues around key biodiversity areas;

● Improve coordination with the government;

● Invest in natural resources information and data for decision-making and adaptive management; and

● Emphasize the sustainability of activities.

C.2.3 Problem Statement: Threats and Drivers of Biodiversity Loss in Tanzania Background Tanzania is one of the world’s mega biodiverse countries1. It is ecologically and biologically diverse, with over 55,000 confirmed species. Tanzania is ranked in the top 15 countries globally for the highest number of endemic species, 12th globally for the greatest number of bird species, and is home to one-third of total plant species and 20% of the large mammal species in Africa2. To protect this diversity, approximately 40% of the land area and 6.5% of the marine area are under formal protection3.

However, Tanzania’s 5th National Report to the CBD states that despite this high level of protection, Tanzania lost at least one-third of its important ecosystems over the past few decades. There have been generally downward trends in both the number of species and the population sizes of individual species, with the number of threatened species tripling in the last decade4. This loss of biodiversity and natural resources is much more than an environmental issue. Natural resources contribute to more than 65% of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP)5. The total GDP contribution of the travel and tourism sector, which is largely based on Tanzania’s iconic wildlife and scenery, was about 9% in 2017, and is expected to grow by about 7% per year6. Since tourism also accounts for roughly 25% of foreign exchange earnings in Tanzania, the loss of key species will have a significant effect on economic and monetary stability.

Despite the reduction in the poverty rate from 34.4% in 2007 to 26.8% in 2016, the absolute number of poor people increased7. Many of these people live in rural areas and are dependent on biodiversity and natural resources for their livelihoods and subsistence needs.

Rural women and other marginalized groups are often the most dependent and thus the

1 Myers, N., et al. "Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities." Nature 403, no. 6772 (2000): 853.

2 Nkwabi, A., et al. Global Biodiversity, Volume 3, Selected Countries in Africa. “Chapter 11: An Overview of Biodiversity in Tanzania and Conservation Efforts.” Arusha: TAWIRI, December 2018.

3 The Vice President’s Office, URT. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2015-2020. Dar es Salaam, URT, October 2015.

4 ibid 5 ibid 6 World Travel and Tourism Council. Travel and Tourism Economic Impact 2018 Tanzania. https://www.wttc.org/economic-impact/country-analysis/country-reports/ 7 World Bank 2019. Tanzania Economic Update.

https://www.wttc.org/economic-impact/country-analysis/country-reports/ https://www.wttc.org/economic-impact/country-analysis/country-reports/ most impacted by biodiversity loss and resource degradation8. Beyond the impacts felt at the local level, the loss of biodiversity and resulting ecosystem services that biodiversity provides are estimated to shrink Tanzania’s GDP by at least 5% annually9. In addition, the 2019 World Bank Country Environmental Analysis10 highlighted that Tanzania’s total wealth per capita (the sum of all types of physical, human, and natural capital) declined between 1995 and 2014, despite robust and sustained economic growth in absolute terms.

This decline in wealth is almost entirely accounted for by the 35% decline in Tanzania’s renewable natural capital base over the past 20 years.

Threats and drivers of biodiversity loss

USAID’s approach to biodiversity conservation focuses on reducing drivers (ultimate factors) and threats (proximate causes) of actual or potential biodiversity loss. Drivers are typically social, economic, political, institutional, or cultural factors, while threats are proximate human activity or processes that explicitly cause degradation of biodiversity loss. In 2019, USAID/Tanzania commissioned a Section 118/119 Forestry and Biodiversity Analysis to determine (1) the actions necessary to achieve conservation and sustainable management of tropical forests and biodiversity in Tanzania, and (2) the extent to which the actions proposed for support by USAID/Tanzania meet the needs thus identified. The full 118/119 report can be accessed here:

https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TP93.pdf. The 118/119 also analyzes the threats and drivers of biodiversity loss in Tanzania. A summary of key threats and drivers is presented below.

Habitat degradation, fragmentation, and loss. Tanzania has one of the highest deforestation rates in the world, losing over 400,000 hectares annually11. When combined with poor agriculture and grazing practices such as bush burning, poor irrigation systems, and short fallow periods, as well as unsustainable fuelwood harvesting and charcoal production, Tanzania is experiencing significant land degradation and forest loss.

Harvesting of timber occurs illegally in communal or state-owned protected areas; in forests allowed for harvesting but without legal documentation; and in open access land where there are no forest management or harvesting plans12.

Internal migration, expansion of settlements, and the creation of new settlements is also a significant cause of land-use change. This internal migration often leads to individuals settling adjacent to established villages, expanding the footprint of settled areas and often leading to encroachment into village lands or nearby forest areas13. These practices are

8 Kumar, P., and M. Yashiro. 2014. The marginal poor and their dependence on ecosystem services. In von Braun, J., and F.

Gatzweiler (eds) Marginality. Springer, Dordrecht.

9 The Vice President’s Office, URT. 5th National Report to the CBD. Dar es Salaam, URT, 2014.

10 World Bank. 2019. Tanzania Country Environment Analysis http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/356211556727592882/Tanzania-Country-Environmental-Analysis-Environmental-Trends-and-Threats-and-Pathways-to-Improved-Sustainability 11 Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, URT. National Forest Resources Monitoring and Assessment of Tanzania Mainland (NAFORMA). Dar es Salaam: URT, May 2015.

12 Sungusia, E. and J.F. Lund. “Against all policies: Landscape level forest restoration in Tanzania.” World Development Perspectives 3, September 2016: 35-37 13 Salerno, J., et al. The Consequences of Internal Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 7, 1 July 2017, Pages 664–671 https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TP93.pdf http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/356211556727592882/Tanzania-Country-Environmental-Analysis-Environmental-Trends-and-Threats-and-Pathways-to-Improved-Sustainability http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/356211556727592882/Tanzania-Country-Environmental-Analysis-Environmental-Trends-and-Threats-and-Pathways-to-Improved-Sustainability reducing the connectivity required for maintaining genetic flow between protected areas/ biologically diverse areas and for wildlife movement.

Human-wildlife conflict. Robust wildlife populations present serious challenges to frontline communities14,15. Instances of livestock predation by carnivores; crop-raiding by elephants, ungulates, and primates; disease transmission; and attacks on humans threaten the long-term persistence of wildlife species and cause economic damage. Human-wildlife conflict directly impacts the livelihoods of communities and can result in retaliatory killings of wildlife. Land-use change and other social factors, combined with increasing human and in some cases wildlife populations, is increasing human-wildlife conflict in Tanzania.

Invasive species. Invasion by exotic (non-native) species is a significant management issue in some areas, including within protected areas. These species can reduce forestry and livestock productivity and potentially impact biodiversity. However, given that the invasions have occurred rapidly, and monitoring resources are limited, there has been relatively little comprehensive research on the potential impacts16.

Climate change. Climate change is a threat to all levels of biodiversity as rapid changes will affect how ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity adapt. On the genetic level, climate change is expected to decrease genetic diversity due to directional selection and rapid migration, while at the species level, climate change will affect the distribution and abundance of species. Once these changes are large enough to affect biome integrity, ecosystem function and service provision can be irreversibly altered. Critically, climate change is not just a threat to biodiversity, but it also exacerbates impacts from other threats, particularly from invasive species, fire, and fragmentation17.

In the Tanzanian context, changing climatic conditions are already detectable and projected to continue or accelerate. Annual average temperatures are projected to increase by an additional 1℃ to 2.7℃ by the 2060s. Changes in mean annual precipitation are more uncertain than temperature, both with regards to magnitude and direction of change. By contrast, increases in rainfall are projected between December and March throughout most of the country, with southwestern Tanzania the primary exception. Projections further point to increased frequency of higher-intensity rainfall, particularly in the northwest. Sea level may rise between 0.1 and 0.4 meters by mid-century, and 0.4 and 0.8 meters by 2100, while ocean temperatures are expected to continue to warm. Coastal erosion has been reported along virtually the entire Tanzanian coast and around nearby islands. Further, by mid-century, droughts are anticipated to increase in intensity, particularly in coastal areas and southwestern Tanzania. As Tanzania already regularly experiences floods, increased frequency of heavy rainfall may lead to greater frequency of flooding, especially in the

14 ibid 15 Kushnir, H and C. Packer. Perceptions of Risk From Man-Eating Lions in Southeastern Tanzania. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 28, 2019.

16 The Vice President’s Office, URT. National Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan 2019-2029. Dar es Salaam, URT, 2019.

17 Bellard, Celine, Cleo Bertelsmeier, Paul Leadley, Wilfried Thuiller, and Franck Courchamp. Impacts of Climate Change on the Future of Biodiversity. Ecology letters 15, no.4 (2012): 365-377 northwest.18

Weak governance and limited institutional effectiveness. Protection of forests and biodiversity in Tanzania is threatened by inconsistent and ineffective governance19.

Tanzania ranks 103 out of 180 countries on the Corruption Perception Index, a measure of the perceived level of corruption in a country’s public sector. Likewise, Tanzania’s FY2020 J2SR score for government capacity is .39, indicating that there are gaps in the quality of public services as well as policy formulation and implementation. Limited governmental resources (e.g., inadequate anti-poaching equipment at the local level) hinder effective conservation and biodiversity protection. Impractical or poorly implemented policies result in confusion, inaction and unanticipated outcomes for natural resource management. A lack of integration and coordination among governmental, non-governmental, and private sector stakeholders also poses an indirect threat to Tanzania’s forests and biodiversity. For instance, competition across ministries or agencies, and between governmental and non-governmental organizations for control and revenue streams, can paralyze efforts to effectively protect natural resources.

While Tanzania’s J2SR scores for civil society capacity and media effectiveness are higher, this does not track with the reality observed in the field. Civil society and media partners not only suffer from significant capacity gaps (organizational and technical) and institutional effectiveness but also an extremely aggressive closing of democratic space dynamic, which is effectively silencing and hampering the role of credible civic partners.

Currently, local organizations are only partially able to take a lead role in defining critical issues and successfully articulating needed reforms. Finally, a lack of integration and coordination among governmental, non-governmental, and private sector stakeholders also drives threats to Tanzania’s forests and biodiversity.

Population growth. Tanzania’s population has experienced exponential growth over the past 50 years. From 1957 to 2012, the population nearly quintupled, growing from 8.8 million to 44.9 million as of the 2012 census20. Population growth is projected to continue, with an average growth rate of 3% for Tanzania’s mainland expected through 2035, which would lead to a nearly 65% increase in the overall population21.

The majority of rural and semi-urban populations in Tanzania rely on natural resources for their livelihoods. The growth of these populations continues to be a driver of deforestation through the increased conversion of habitats for farming, livestock, and human settlement.

As growth increases, unsustainable demands on natural resources and migration into new, less densely populated areas also increases. Population growth in areas of high biodiversity places significant pressure on limited resources and increases human-wildlife conflicts. In addition, habitat is being rapidly converted to agricultural land and degraded by

18 “Climate Change Knowledge Portal: Tanzania.” The World Bank Group Site Family. Accessed December 28, 2018.

http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportal/countryprofile/home.cfm?page=country_profile&CCode=TZA&ThisTab=RiskOverview.

19 Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs, URT. National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty II (NSGRP II). Dar es Salaam: URT, July 2010 20 The United Republic of Tanzania. National Population Projections. Dar es Salaam, URT, February 2018 21 International Growth Centre. Urbanization in Tanzania, Population Growth, Internal Migration and Urbanisation in Tanzania 1967-2012: A Census-Based Regional Analysis, Tanzania’s Urban Population, 1967-2012, A Density-Based Measure of ‘Urban’ for Tanzania? A Feasibility Study Using Dodoma Region. London: LSE & Oxford University, April 2014.

encroaching livestock, with agropastoralists as the principal driver of this change. As local population growth and internal migration continue, these trends are expected to persist and become serious drivers of biodiversity loss. Such trends exacerbate existing drivers such as weak governance and demand for forest and wildlife products.

Wildlife and forest crime and demand for illegal wildlife and forest products.

Globally, illegal logging, fishing and wildlife trade have an estimated value of $1 trillion or more per year22. Across Tanzania, population growth and demand increase the pressure on natural resources, particularly for timber, charcoal, target marine species, freshwater fish, and wildlife products. The harvesting of Tanzania’s natural resources often occurs in ecologically important areas such as biodiversity hotspots and sensitive ecosystems. There is often insufficient data and systems in place to ensure sustainable off-take and regeneration. Surrounded by landlocked countries and endowed with a large shipping port, Tanzania functions as both a destination and transit hub for legal and illegal shipments of wildlife and forest products23. The illegal trade in wildlife and forest products not only threatens the survival of species but also contributes to insecurity and frequently converges with other serious crimes24.

Iconic species under pressure from poaching include African elephants, as Tanzania is an important source and transit location of the international illegal ivory trade25. Tanzania was named among the most instrumental suppliers of illegal ivory by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 2013.

While poaching for ivory has significantly reduced since that time, poaching pressure remains.

Other frequently trafficked animals include pangolin, lions, leopards, monkeys, chimpanzees, birds, and reptiles. These species are often stolen from protected areas in Tanzania and then trafficked out of the country for consumption or medicinal purposes.

There is also a significant illegal bushmeat trade in Tanzania, regionally, and internationally26. This trade is thought to be supplying niche markets in urban areas, rather than representing a significant food security issue. However, good data on the extent of the bushmeat trade in and outside of Tanzania are hard to find given the informality of the market.

In marine contexts, sea turtles are still frequently caught in large-mesh gillnets and driftnets, with the meat typically consumed locally by fishers. The use of illegal and destructive fishing gear poses a serious threat to marine and aquatic ecosystems, threatening the ability of the ecosystems to sustain livelihoods and ecological integrity.

Illegal fishing gear is prevalent in artisanal marine fisheries, and illegal and unsustainable

22 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. World Bank Group. 2019. Illegal logging, fishing, and wildlife trade: the costs and how to combat it.

23 Lukumbuzya, K. and C. Sianga. Overview of the Timber Trade in East and Southern Africa: National Perspectives and Regional Trade Linkages. 53 pp. Cambridge, UK: TRAFFIC and WWF, April 2017 24 INTERPOL-UN Environment. 2016. Strategic Report: Environment, Peace and Security – A Convergence of Threats.

25 Thouless, C., H.T. Dublin, J.J. Blanc, D.P. Skinner, T.E. Daniel, R.D. Taylor, F. Maisels, H. L. Frederick and P. Bouché. African elephant status report 2016: an update from the African Elephant Database. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN/ SSC Africa Elephant Specialist Group: 2016 26 Mfunda, I. M. and E. Roskaft. Bushmeat hunting in Serengeti, Tanzania: An important economic activity to local people.

International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation Vol. 2(9), pp. 263-272, September 2010.

practices include blast-fishing, small mesh-nets, beach seines, and other drag nets27.

Lack of data to inform decision making. Limited data are publicly available and accessible to assess the status of biodiversity and forestry resources in Tanzania. For instance, the GOT reports that inadequate spatial coverage data exists on village land, forest reserves, and WMAs. Data gaps also exist around land-use planning and around issues such as trends in tree coverage and fisheries stock assessments. Even when data exist, it is challenging to obtain accurate biological data due to issues around knowledge management systems as the data can be stored in disparate places.

C.3 SCOPE OF WORK

C.3.1 Earmark Requirements

USAID/Tanzania anticipates that 100% of funding for this contract will come from funds designated as Biodiversity earmark funds. The funds must be used for programs that meet USAID’s Biodiversity Code in order to qualify as contributing to the directive and be included in an annual report to Congress. The USAID Office of Forestry and Biodiversity conducts an annual compliance review for all programs to ensure each activity meets the four criteria of USAID’s Biodiversity Code:

● The program must have an explicit biodiversity objective; it is not enough to have biodiversity conservation result as a positive externality from another program;

● Activities must be identified based on an analysis of drivers and threats to biodiversity and a corresponding theory of change;

● Site-based programs must have the intent to positively impact biodiversity in biologically significant areas; and,

● The program must monitor indicators associated with the stated theories of change (TOC) for biodiversity conservation results.

In addition, a minimum total of 25% of the biodiversity earmarked funds have been designated for combatting wildlife trafficking (CWT) efforts under this contract. These funds must be used for activities that provide direct support to efforts that prevent or reduce poaching and/or illegal trade in wildlife, including terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species. CWT activities can include efforts that increase cooperation and capacity to conduct patrols; reduce demand for illegal wildlife products; strengthen law enforcement capacity (detections, arrests, prosecutions, and/or convictions) including policy reform;

conduct assessments and studies; monitor and detect movement of illegal wildlife products;

and expand commitment, including the implementation of international agreements, such as CITES or securing alliances with the private sector to combat wildlife trafficking.

Activities that provide economic, social, or other incentives for local people in a wildlife source area to discontinue poaching or report wildlife crime may count when activities are explicitly intended to reduce wildlife crime.

27 van Hoof, L., and M. Kraan. Mission Report Tanzania: Scoping mission marine fisheries of Tanzania. Wageningen: Wageningen Marine Research (University & Research Centre), 2017

C.3.2 Goal and Theory of Change

The goal of this activity is to address dynamics that threaten habitat connectivity and the long-term persistence of biodiversity in Tanzania. As noted above, USAID requires that all biodiversity funded activities develop an explicit TOC and that the TOC be tested, monitored, and refined by the Contractor throughout the program. The TOC for this award posits that if the Tanzania public sector and civil society have improved capacity across systems, institutions, and people; and if this is combined with improvements in the enabling environment and increased engagement in natural resource management (NRM) and conservation by the private sector, then, these institutions (both public and private) will be able to take actions to conserve biodiversity and ensure the sustainable use of natural resources. By focusing on areas important for habitat connectivity and reducing wildlife and forest crime, Tanzania’s biodiversity and natural resources will be better protected for future generations.

C.3.3 Geographic coverage

The focus of this award is national, and the Contractor must operate at the national level.

However, national-level policy work and capacity-building efforts must be tied directly to site-based interventions on the ground. For those site-based activities, the provisions of the Biodiversity Code apply (https://www.usaid.gov/biodiversity/impact/requirements).

USAID priorities for site-based interventions are listed below.

Primary Selection Criteria for Geographic Focus

● Areas important for connectivity. Given the rapid level of habitat loss and fragmentation occurring in Tanzania, the primary geographic focus of this award are areas important for connectivity, particularly those recognized as a priority by the GOT. This includes wildlife corridors, dispersal areas, and buffer zones. This focus is primarily on terrestrial habitat; however, this does not exclude coastal and offshore marine habitats. Within each target site, the Contractor must have target species appropriate to that corridor in order to monitor the species’ use.

At a minimum, the Contractor must include the Udzungwa-Selous28, Kwakuchinja29, and Tarangire-Simanjaro plains30 wildlife corridors. Descriptions of these areas can be found in the 2009 Wildlife Corridors in Tanzania report, available at http://www.tzwildlifecorridors.org/TzWildlifeCorridors.pdf . The Contractor must work in additional areas beyond these three, but final selection will be done in collaboration

28 Corridor number 23 in the 2009 Wildlife Corridor report 29 Corridor number 20 in the 2009 Wildlife Corridor report 30 Corridor number 19 in the 2009 Wildlife Corridor report https://www.usaid.gov/biodiversity/impact/requirements…