SLSDC Dredging Spoils SWPPP_Final Draft_20200630.pdf

STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN

EISENHOWER LOCK SPARE GATE ASSEMBLY AREA &

MARINE BASE MOORING AREA DREDGING SPOIL DISPOSAL AREA

ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY - MASSENA, NY

PREPARED FOR:

Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation

180 Andrew Street Massena, NY 13662

PREPARED BY:

50 Lakefront Boulevard

Suite 111 Buffalo, NY 14202

JUNE 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Background Information

3.0 Site Features

3.1 Soils

3.2 Water table

3.3 Bedrock

3.4 Slope

3.5 Surrounding Natural Resources

4.0 Existing Site Conditions

5.0 Green Infrastructure Planning Practices

6.0 Proposed Developed Conditions

7.0 Water Quality Analysis

7.1 Discussion of Impervious Areas

7.2 Discussion of Infeasible Green Infrastructure Techniques

8.0 Comparison of Pre- and Post-Development Run-off

8.1 Method of Analysis

9.0 Stormwater Management Facility

9.1 Stormwater Management Description

9.2 Flood Control Analysis

9.3 Snow Management

10.0 Erosion Control Measures

10.1 Construction Sequence

10.2 Other Pollution Prevention Controls

11.0 Maintenance

APPENDICES

Appendix A – Project Location Map Appendix B – Proposed Design Drawings Appendix C – NRCS Soils Report Appendix D – NYSDEC Rainfall Distribution Data

· NYSSWMDM Figure 4.1 – 90% Rainfall Data

· NYSSWMDM Figure 4.2 – One-Year Design Storm

· NYSSWMDM Figure 4.3 – Ten-Year Design Storm

· NYSSWMDM Figure 4.4 – One Hundred-Year Design Storm

Appendix E – Existing Drainage Area Mapping Appendix F – Existing Stormwater Modeling Appendix G – Proposed Drainage Area Mapping Appendix H – Proposed Stormwater Modeling Appendix I – Notice of Intent for Stormwater Construction Activities Appendix J – Notice of Termination Appendix K – SWPPP Preparer Certification Form Appendix L – Owner/Operator Certification Form Appendix M – Contractor and Subcontractor Certification Forms Appendix N – Construction Stormwater Inspection Manual Appendix O – SPDES General Permit GP-0-20-001 Appendix P – NYSDEC Erosion Control Details

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1.0 Introduction

The following Stormwater Management and Pollution Prevention Plan addresses the proposed stormwater mitigation measures and pollution prevention devices associated with the spoils disposal for the Eisenhower Lock Spare Gate Assembly Area and Marine Base Mooring Area Dredging in Massena, New York. A project location map is provided in Appendix A.

Owner/Operator Information

Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation David Sanford 180 Andrews Street Massena, NY 13662 Phone: (315) 764-3240

The project requires a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) to be in compliance with the Phase II requirements of the New York State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) General Permit GP-0-20-001 for stormwater discharges associated with construction activity. The SWPPP includes, but is not limited to this document with appendices, the Erosion & Sediment Control Plan and Erosion & Sediment Control Details included in the Construction Drawings, the Notice of Intent, General Permit, Notice of Termination, all records of inspections and activities which are created during the course of the project, and other documents as may be included by reference to this SWPPP. Changes, modifications, revisions, additions, or deletions shall become part of the SWPPP as they occur.

This plan was created with the guidance of the New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual (NYSSWMDM) and documents the ability of the stormwater mitigation measures and pollution prevention devices to comply with the Phase II SPDES requirements. The SWPPP and associated erosion control measures must be implemented prior to the start of construction. The SWPPP will terminate when disturbed areas are stabilized, permanent erosion and sedimentation controls installed, temporary erosion and sedimentation controls removed, construction activities have ceased, and a completed Notice of Termination has been filed.

The owner/operator and general contractor, along with all sub-contractors involved in construction activity that disturbs soil or implements pollution prevention controls must sign the SWPPP Certification Forms. The certification forms for the owner/operator and contractors are included in Appendix L and Appendix M.

2.0 Background Information

The Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation has obtained permission and permitting from the United States Army Corp of Engineers and NYSDEC to perform dredging operations in the Wiley-Dondero Canal, part of the St. Lawrence River System. In compliance with the permit, material will be removed from the Eisenhower Lock spare gate area and the Marine Base area adjacent to the Snell Lock. Spoils from the dredging areas will be placed in the same location utilized by past dredging operations.

A location map which indicates the spoils area for the project is located in Appendix A.

As noted, a separate permit has been obtained for dredging operations in the channel. The scope of coverage under the NYSDEC SPDES GP-0-20-001 will include the placement of the dredging spoils in the current spoils area. New coverage is being obtained; the previous dredging operations were completed and closed in 2011.

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3.0 Site Features

3.1 Soils

The National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Web Soil Survey provided the soils information utilized for design. NRCS soil map units are described by a Hydrologic Soil Group (HSG), noted by letters A through D, which describes each soil group’s runoff potential:

· HSG Group A soils have low runoff potential when thoroughly wet, as water is transmitted freely through the soil. Group A soils typically have less than 10 percent clay and more than 90 percent sand or gravel and have gravel or sand textures.

· HSG Group B soils have moderately low runoff potential when thoroughly wet and water transmission through the soil is unimpeded. Group B soils typically have between 10 percent and 20 percent clay and 50 percent to 90 percent sand and have loamy sand or sandy loam textures.

· HSG Group C soils have moderately high runoff potential when thoroughly wet and water transmission through the soil is somewhat restricted. Group C soils typically have between 20 percent and 40 percent clay and less than 50 percent sand and have loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, and silty clay loam textures.

· HSG Group D soils have high runoff potential when thoroughly wet, as water movement through the soil is restricted or very restricted. Group D soils typically have greater than 40 percent clay, less than 50 percent sand, and have clayey textures.

The NRCS soil map units are shown in the survey provided in Appendix C where each work area has an individual report. The HSG units are summarized in Table 3.1:

Table 3.1 - Summary of On-site Soils Soil Name Rating Area (Ac.) Percentage (%)

Udorthents Loamy C 2.90 16.1 Udorthents, Clayey C 14.90 83.9

Totals: 17.8 100

3.2 Water table

Information provided by the NRCS Soils Report indicates the water table could be located at depths of 24” to 72” below existing ground surface. Disturbance of existing soils proposed at shallow grades in relation to existing grade and will not encroach on the ground water table.

3.3 Bedrock

Bedrock is estimated by the NRCS Soils Report to be at depths greater than 80”. Disturbance of existing soils is proposed as shallow depths in relation to existing grade and will not encroach on the existing bedrock layer.

3.4 Slope

Slopes vary throughout the project, but are primarily flat ranging from 1% to 3% in most areas.

Slopes increase over a short distance where the previous filling operation ties into the ground surface. The new fill material will be placed against this slope.

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3.5 Surrounding Natural Resources

Erosion, flooding, and water quality concerns are the three main ways that stormwater from any project could potentially impact natural resources. The stormwater management facilities and erosion control measures proposed for the site will mitigate potential issues by installing best management practices, where applicable, to improve water quality, decrease runoff volume and decrease peak discharge from the site to protect areas downstream.

4.0 Existing Site Conditions

The existing disposal site contains spoils from previous dredging operations which have been placed in three separate areas as shown in Figure 4.1.A:

Figure 4.1.A_Exising Spoils Placement Figure 4.1.B Existing Aerial Image

The spoils areas have been re-established with vegetative growth which includes cover seeding and native vegetation. Adjacent to the spoils area is a non-jurisdictional wetland where no work is proposed within 100-feet of the wetland.

5.0 Green Infrastructure Planning Practices

The design of the proposed development utilized green infrastructure planning methods in an effort to indirectly reduce the stormwater runoff throughout the project. A description of these practices is provided in Chapter 5 of the NYSDEC Stormwater Management Design Manual. The following is a discussion of the green practices implemented in the design of this site:

· Preservation of Undisturbed Areas: At the completion of spoils placement, the new material will be established with new and native vegetation to restore the existing ground cover. No additional clearing will be required prior to fill placement.

· Preservation of Buffers: The proposed spoils area is bound on all sides by natural buffers which will remain during and after construction. They extend for acres in all directions providing filtering and abstraction of runoff.

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· Reduction of Clearing and Grading: The proposed fill area is currently open meadow that will not require clearing high quality vegetation. Fill materials will be placed against the existing spoils and covered with new vegetative seeding.

· Locating Development in Less Sensitive Area: The proposed area is on land that is adjacent to the lock and does not contain any wetlands or sensitive natural features.

· Open Space Design: There are no roads or land parcels that apply to open space design.

· Soil Restoration: All disturbed areas will be restored in accordance with the soil restoration requirements in Table 5.3 of the NYSSWMDM.

6.0 Proposed Developed Conditions

At completion, the site cover conditions will remain the same with spoils placed and vegetated at the north end of the existing spoils area. No changes to hydrology, peak rates or volume of runoff will result from the filling operations as discussed in Section 8 of this report. Spoils will be placed and graded to tie in with the top of slope at the existing berm and tie into existing grade.

Refer to Appendix B for drawings showing developed conditions.

7.0 Water Quality Analysis

7.1 Discussion of Impervious Areas

The project will not disturb or create new impervious areas and will not require post construction practices related to water quality or runoff reduction. The haul trail extension will be abandoned at the end of the project and the area will be restored, no impervious surfaces will be utilized to establish the haul trail.

7.2 Discussion of Infeasible Green Infrastructure Techniques

The runoff reduction practices listed in Table 3.2 of the NYSSWMDM that can or cannot be implemented in the storm drainage design of this project are discussed below:

· Conservation of Natural Areas: Existing trees and vegetation adjacent to the project will be protected during construction and remain after final stabilization has been achieved.

· Sheetflow to Riparian Buffers: Riparian buffers will remain and filter runoff through sheet flow.

· Vegetated Open Swale: No swales are proposed in the project. It is preferred to maintain sheet flow and not concentrate the runoff in any manner.

· Tree Planting: Tree planting is not proposed in this project where canopy limits encroach on proposed pavement areas.

· Stream Daylighting: No existing drainage pipes are present in the project limits.

· Rain Garden: Rain gardens are not accepted in the NYSSWMDM for non-residential use and no impervious surfaces are proposed.

· Green Roof: No new buildings are proposed in this project.

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· Stormwater Planter: No impervious surfaces are proposed in the project.

· Cistern: No new roof areas are proposed for potential runoff collection.

· Porous Pavement: No pavement is proposed in the project.

8.0 Comparison of Pre- and Post-Development Run-off

8.1 Method of Analysis

The pre- and post-development runoff was calculated by using the NRCS TR-55 methodology via the “HydroCAD” stormwater modeling program. This program uses intricate computations to model, or recreate, different rainfall scenarios. This analysis is performed in order to determine data for the projected outcome of rainfall events. The information obtained during these calculations is then manipulated in order to determine the sizing criteria for the proposed stormwater management facilities.

HydroCAD was utilized to determine the pre- and post-development runoff volumes at peak discharge rates for the proposed site. The 1-yr 24-hour, 10-yr 24-hour and 100-yr 24-hour recurrences were the design storms utilized in the analysis, as described in the New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual. The rainfall depths for the required storm events were compiled by the storm data for St. Lawrence County. Rainfall data is included in Appendix D.

A series of hydrograph models were developed to determine pre-developed and post-developed peak discharge rates. The proposed site is designed to reduce the peak discharge rates during the 1-year, 10-year and 100-year 24-hour design storms. Peak discharge rates for the site are summarized in the following table:

Table 8.1 Comparison of Peak Site Discharge Rates

Discharge Point

1-Year Storm 10-Year Storm 100-Year Storm

Existing Proposed Existing Proposed Existing Proposed

(cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs) (cfs)

DP-1 1.48 1.48 9.29 9.29 26.93 26.93

Peak discharge rates will remain constant during all modeled storm events. Refer to Appendix E through Appendix H for drainage area mapping and HydroCAD model output.

9.0 Stormwater Management Facility

9.1 Stormwater Management Description

As shown in Table 8.1, the peak discharge rates do not change during modeled storm frequencies.

Hydrology is maintained in the spoils area with no change in cover conditions.

9.2 Flood Control Analysis

Peak discharge maintenance during all storm events including the 100-year storm will mitigate flood risks for downstream facilities.

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9.3 Snow Management

The run-off associated with snowmelt occurs throughout the winter in small, low flow events, which have high concentrations of pollutants, which does not affect the sizing criteria for the stormwater management facilities.

10.0 Erosion Control Measures

The primary goal of pollution prevention efforts during project construction is to control soil and pollutants that originate on the site and prevent them from flowing to surface waters. The purpose of this SWPPP is to provide guidelines for achieving that goal. A successful pollution prevention program also relies upon careful inspection and adjustments during the construction process in order to enhance its effectiveness.

Prior to the commencement of construction, a Notice of Intent (NOI) shall be filed with the NYSDEC to obtain coverage under SPDES General Permit GP-0-20-001 for stormwater discharges from construction activity. The NOI shall be signed by the owner/operator and engineer of record and submitted to the NYSDEC. The proposed stormwater mitigation measures and erosion and sediment control devices meet the design guidelines of the New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual and the New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control. Therefore, the NYSDEC review of the NOI will be ten (10) business days from their receipt of the NOI. Unless otherwise informed by the NYSDEC, construction may commence after the expiration of the review period. Refer to Appendix I for the Notice of Intent (NOI). Refer to Appendix O for the SPDES General Permit GP-0-20-001. The areas of disturbance are to be minimized as much as practical and limited to the areas depicted on the project drawings.

10.1 Construction Sequence

A summary of the construction sequencing for erosion control features is as follows:

1. Evaluate, mark, and protect, with appropriate erosion control measures, important trees, associated rooting zones, and other existing site features designated to remain.

2. Construct stabilized construction entrance from the existing site drive to capture mud and debris from construction vehicles before they enter the public highway.

a. Stabilize bare areas (entrances, construction routes, equipment areas) immediately as work takes place. Top these areas with gravel or maintain vegetative cover.

b. Sediment tracked onto public streets should be removed or cleaned daily.

3. Construct temporary and permanent erosion and sediment control measures (basins, swales, silt fencing, etc.).

a. Silt fence material and installation must comply with the standard drawing and specifications.

b. Install silt fences based on appropriate spacing intervals. Decrease this interval as the slope increases. The area below the silt fence should be undisturbed ground.

4. Remove and stockpile topsoil and vegetation from areas to be impacted by the construction activities. If applicable, no trees shall be buried on site. The topsoil stockpile should be stabilized by seed, mulch, or other appropriate measures as soon as possible.

5. Rough grade.

6. Construction.

7. Stabilize all disturbed areas as soon as practicable in portions of the site where construction activities have temporarily or permanently ceased, but in no case more than 14 days after the construction activity in that portion of the site has temporarily or permanently ceased.

8. All erosion and sediment control features shall be maintained until establishment of a substantial stand, 90%, of grass on all green areas, in accordance with the maintenance procedure. On acceptance of restoration by the owner, remove all temporary features.

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10.2 Other Pollution Prevention Controls

Control of sediments has been described previously. Other aspects of this SWPPP are listed below:

1. Dust Control - Construction traffic must enter and exit the site at the stabilized construction entrance. The purpose is to trap dust and mud that would otherwise be carried off-site by construction traffic. Water trucks or other dust control agents may be used as needed during construction to reduce dust generated on the site. After construction, the site will be stabilized (as described elsewhere), which will reduce the potential for dust generation.

2. Solid Waste Disposal - No solid materials, including building materials, can be discharged from the site with stormwater. All solid waste, including disposable materials incidental to the major construction activities, must be collected and placed in containers. The containers will be emptied as necessary by a contract trash disposal service and hauled away from the site. The General Contractor shall denote the location of solid waste receptacles on the Erosion Control Plan. Substances that have the potential for polluting surface and/or groundwater must be controlled by whatever means necessary in order to ensure that they do not discharge from the site.

3. Sanitary Facilities - All personnel involved with construction activities must comply with state and local sanitary or septic system regulations. Temporary sanitary facilities shall be provided at the site throughout the construction phase. They must be utilized by all construction personnel and will be serviced by a commercial operator. The General Contractor shall denote the location of sanitary facilities on the Erosion Control Plan.

4. Water Source - Non-stormwater components of site discharge must be clean water. Water used for construction which discharges from the site must originate from a public water supply or private well approved by the State Health Department. Water used for construction that does not originate from an approved public supply must not discharge from the site.

5. Fuel Tanks – Temporary on-site fuel tanks for construction vehicles shall meet all state and federal regulations. Tanks shall have approved spill containment with the capacity required by the applicable regulations. The tank shall be in sound condition free of rust or other damage, which might compromise containment. Hoses, valves, fittings, caps, filler nozzles, and associated hardware shall be maintained in proper working condition at all times. The General Contractor shall denote the location of fuel tanks on the Erosion Control Plan.

6. Hazardous Waste Management and Spill Reporting – Any hazardous or potentially hazardous waste that is brought onto the construction site will be handled properly in order to reduce the potential for stormwater pollution. All materials used on this construction site will be properly stored, handled and dispensed following any applicable label directions.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) information will be kept on site for any and all applicable materials.

Should an accidental spill occur, immediate action will be taken by the General Contractor to contain and remove the spilled material. All hazardous materials will be disposed of by the Contractor in the manner specified by local, state, and federal regulations and by the manufacturer of such products. As soon as possible, the spill will be reported to the appropriate state and local agencies. As required under the provisions of the Clean Water Act, any spill or discharge entering the waters of the United States will be properly reported.

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Any spills of hazardous materials in quantities in excess of Reportable Quantities as defined by EPA or the State Agency regulations, shall be immediately reported to the EPA National Response Center (1-800-424-8802) and the NYSDEC Division of Environmental Remediation (NYS Spill Hotline – 1-800-457-7362). Refer to Exhibit 1.1-1 of the NYSDEC Division of Environmental Remediation Technical Field Guidance Spill Reporting and Initial Notification Requirements for hazardous materials spill reportable quantities and procedures.

In order to minimize the potential for a spill of hazardous materials to come in contact with stormwater, the following steps will be implemented:

a. All materials with hazardous properties (such as pesticides, petroleum products, fertilizers, detergents, construction chemicals, acids, paints, paint solvents, cleaning solvents, additives for soil stabilization, concrete, curing compounds and additives, etc.) will be stored in a secure location, under cover, when not in use.

b. The minimum practical quantity of all such materials will be kept on the job site and scheduled for delivery as close to time of use as practical.

c. A spill control and containment kit shall be provided at the storage site.

d. All products will be stored in and used from the original container with label.

e. All products will be used in strict compliance with instructions on the product label.

f. The disposal of excess or used products will be in strict compliance with instructions on the product label.

11.0 Maintenance

Maintenance and inspection of the stormwater management and pollution prevention devices must occur on a regular basis throughout construction to determine the effectiveness of the SWPPP.

The operator is responsible for designating an individual(s) familiar with the site and proposed construction activities and is knowledgeable in stormwater pollution prevention devices to perform the inspections. The individual(s) responsible for inspecting the devices shall be a licensed professional engineer or a certified professional in stormwater quality or a subordinate of either acting under their supervision. The designated individual(s) shall also be capable of implementing the maintenance requirements or be in a position to have the maintenance requirements performed. The SWPPP shall be modified as necessary to keep pollutants from leaving the site. A copy of this report and construction drawings must be kept on site and accessible to jurisdictional agencies, if they should visit the site and request this material. The maintenance and inspection procedures shall conform to Part IV of SPDES GP-0-20-001 located in Appendix O. During each inspection, the qualified professional shall record the following information:

1. On a site map, indicate the extent of all disturbed site areas and drainage pathways.

Indicate site areas that are expected to undergo initial disturbance or significant site work within the next 14-day period.

2. On a site map, indicate all areas of the site that have undergone temporary or permanent stabilization.

3. Indicate all disturbed site areas that have not undergone active site work during the previous 14-day period.

4. Inspect all sediment control practices and record the approximate degree of sediment accumulation as a percentage of the sediment storage volume.

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5. Inspect all erosion and sediment control practices and record all maintenance requirements such as verifying the integrity of barrier or diversion systems (earthen berms or silt fencing) and containment systems (sediment basins and sediment traps). Identify any evidence of rill or gully erosion occurring on slopes and any loss of stabilizing vegetation or seeding/mulching. Document any excessive deposition of sediment or ponding water along barrier or diversion systems.

6. All deficiencies that are identified with the implementation of the SWPPP.

Erosion and Sediment control measures will be maintained per the guidance in the New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control and the following:

1. All measures will be maintained in good working order; if any repair is necessary, it will be initiated within 24 hours of report.

2. Built-up sediment will be removed from silt fence when it has reached one-third the height of the fence.

3. Silt fence will be inspected for depth of sediment, tears, to see if fabric is securely fastened to the posts, and to see that the fence posts are firmly in the ground.

4. Sediment shall be removed from any temporary sediment traps or sediment ponds whenever their capacity has been reduced by ten (10) percent from the design capacity or at the end of the job.

5. Temporary and permanent seeding and planting will be inspected for bare spots, washouts, and healthy growth.

6. Stabilization measures shall be initiated as soon as practical in portions of the site where construction activities have temporarily or permanently ceased, but in no case more than fourteen (14) days after construction activity in that portion of the site has temporarily or permanently ceased, except where construction activities on that portion of the site will be resumed within twenty-one (21) days or stabilization is precluded by snow cover or frozen ground conditions.

7. Prior to filing the Notice of Termination or the end of permit term, the qualified professional shall perform a final site inspection. The qualified professional shall certify that the site has undergone final stabilization using either vegetative or structural stabilization methods and that all temporary erosion and sediment controls (such as silt fencing) not needed for long-term erosion control have been removed. Refer to Appendix J for the Notice of Termination (NOT) form.

8. The owner/operator shall retain copies of SWPPP’s and any reports submitted in conjunction with SPDES General Permit GP-0-20-001 Part IV.A. and records of all data used to complete the NOI to be covered by the permit, for a period of at least five (5) years from the date that the site is finally stabilized. This period may be extended by the NYSDEC, in its sole discretion, at any time upon written notification.

APPENDIX A

PROJECT LOCATION MAP

APPENDIX A - PROJECT LOCATION MAP

COORDINATES

UTM 18

N: 4982065 E: 517169

LATITUDE/LONGITUDE

LAT: 44.9918

LONG: -74.7822

LEGEND

APPROXIMATE PROJECT LIMITS

SPARE

GATE AREA

EISENHOWER

LOCK

SNELL LOCK

MARINE

BASE AREA

DREDGING

DISPOSAL AREA

ST LAWRENCE RIVER

GRASS RIVER

RAQUETTE RIVER

APPENDIX B

PROJECT DESIGN DRAWINGS

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ABCDE

EISENHOWER LOCK SPARE GATE

ASSEMBLY AREA & MARINE BASE MOORING

AREA DREDGING SPOILS DISPOSAL AREA

SAINT LAWRENCE SEAWAY

DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

180 ANDREWS STREET, SUITE 1

MASSENA, NY 13662-1766

E I S

E N

H O

W E R

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DATEDESCRIPTION

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EROSION AND SEDIMENT

CONTROL DETAILS

C R

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P R O

H I B I T E D

W A R N

I N

G

ABCDE

EISENHOWER LOCK SPARE GATE

ASSEMBLY AREA & MARINE BASE MOORING

AREA DREDGING SPOILS DISPOSAL AREA

SAINT LAWRENCE SEAWAY

DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

180 ANDREWS STREET, SUITE 1

MASSENA, NY 13662-1766

E I S

E N

H O

W E R

A N

D

S

N E L L

L O

C K

M A

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E N

A

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N

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J F

H

S C

A L

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DATEDESCRIPTION

REVISIONS

APPENDIX C

NRCS SOILS REPORTS

United States Department of Agriculture

A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants

Custom Soil Resource Report for

St. Lawrence County, New York

Natural Resources Conservation Service

June 24, 2020

Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.

They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.

Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.

The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?

cid=nrcs142p2_053951).

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/ http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/ https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?cid=nrcs142p2_053951 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?cid=nrcs142p2_053951 alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Contents Preface How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil Map

Soil Map Legend Map Unit Legend Map Unit Descriptions

St. Lawrence County, New York Ue—Udorthents, loamy Uf—Udorthents, clayey

Soil Information for All Uses Soil Properties and Qualities

Soil Qualities and Features Hydrologic Soil Group

References

How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.

Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).

Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research.

The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.

The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.

These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.

Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.

Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and

Custom Soil Resource Report identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.

Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.

Soil Map

0516970 517030 517090 517150 517210 517270 517330

516970 517030 517090 517150 517210 517270 517330

44° 59' 37'' N

7'

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6'

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44° 59' 20'' N

7'

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44° 59' 20'' N

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Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 18N WGS84 0 100 200 400 600

Feet 0 35 70 140 210

Meters Map Scale: 1:2,690 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.

Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.

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Map Unit Legend

Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI

Ue Udorthents, loamy 2.9 16.1%

Uf Udorthents, clayey 14.9 83.9%

Totals for Area of Interest 17.8 100.0%

Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil…