Section 32 14 13 PRECAST UNIT PAVING.pdf

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SECTION 32 14 13

PRECAST CONCRETE UNIT PAVING

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Precast concrete unit paving including the following:

1. Non-permeable concrete pavers.

2. Permeable concrete pavers.

3. Joint sand.

4. Setting bed sand.

5. Base aggregate.

1.2 RELATED SECTIONS

A. Section 31 20 00 - Earth Moving.

B. Section 03 30 00 - Cast-in-Place Concrete.

1.3 REFERENCES

A. ASTM International (ASTM):

1. ASTM C29 - Bulk Density and Voids in Aggregate Materials.

2. ASTM C33 - Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates.

3. ASTM C67 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural

Clay Tile, Section 8, Freezing and Thawing.

4. ASTM C136 - Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse

Aggregates.

5. ASTM C140 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry

Units and Related Units.

6. ASTM C144 - Standard Specifications for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar.

7. ASTM D448 - Standard Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge

Construction.

8. ASTM C936 - Standard Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units.

9. ASTM C979 - Standard Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete.

10. ASTM C1645 - Standard Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of

Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units.

11. ASTM D698 - Test Methods for Moisture Density Relations of Soil and Soil Aggregate

Mixtures Using a 5.5 lb (24.4 N) Rammer and 12 in. (305 mm) drop.

12. ASTM D1557 - Test Methods for Moisture Density Relations of Soil and Soil

Aggregate Mixtures Using a 10-lb (44.5 N) Rammer and 18 in. (457 mm) drop.

13. ASTM D1883 - Test Method for California Bearing Ratio of Laboratory-Compacted

Soils.

14. ASTM D2940 - Graded Aggregate Material for Bases or Subbases for Highways or

Airports.

15. ASTM D4254 - Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of

Soils and Calculation of Relative Density.

16. ASTM D4354 - Standard Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing.

17. ASTM D4491 - Standard Test Method for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by

Permittivity.

18. ASTM D4533 - Standard Test Method for Index Trapezoidal Tearing Strength of

Geotextiles.

19. ASTM D4632 - Standard Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of

Geotextiles.

20. ASTM D4751 - Standard Test Method for Determining Apparent Opening Size of a

Geotextile.

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21. ASTM D4759 - Standard Practice for Determining the Specifications Conformance of Geosynthetics.

22. ASTM D4833 - Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geotextiles, Geomembranes and Related Products.

23. ASTM D5261 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles.

B. U.S. Green Building Council, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED):

1. LEED Building Design and Construction.

1.4 SUBMITTALS

A. Submit under provisions of Section 01 30 00 - Administrative Requirements.

B. Product Data:

1. Manufacturer's data sheets on each product to be used.

2. Preparation instructions and recommendations.

3. Storage and handling requirements and recommendations.

4. Typical installation methods.

C. Selection Samples: For each finish product specified, two complete sets of color chips representing manufacturer's full range of available colors and patterns.

D. Verification Samples: For each finish product specified, two samples, minimum size 6 inches (150 mm) square representing actual product, color, and patterns.

E. Shop Drawings: Include details of materials, construction and finish. Include relationship with adjacent construction.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Manufacturer Qualifications: Company specializing in manufacturing products specified in this section with a minimum five years documented experience.

B. Installer Qualifications: Company specializing in performing Work of this section with minimum two years documented experience with projects of similar scope and complexity.

C. Source Limitations: Provide each type of product from a single manufacturing source to ensure uniformity.

1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Store and handle in strict compliance with manufacturer's written instructions and recommendations.

B. Protect from damage due to weather, excessive temperature, and construction operations.

1.7 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Maintain environmental conditions within limits recommended by manufacturer for optimum results. Do not install products under environmental conditions outside manufacturer's recommended limits.

1.8 EXTRA MATERIALS

A. Provide 100 square feet of each product and size used to owner for maintenance and repair.

Furnish Pavers from the same production run as installed materials.

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PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 SOURCE

A. Locate a manufacturer that can match the existing blocks in color, size, and general appearance.

B. Sand should be sourced to meet essential standards.

2.2 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

A. Standards Compliance:

1. Provide pavers meeting the minimum material and physical properties set forth in

ASTM C936. Efflorescence is not a cause for rejection.

2. Pigments conforming to ASTM C979.

B. Compressive Strength: 8,000 psi (55 MPa) average, with no individual unit under 7,200 psi (50 MPa).

C. Absorption (ASTM C140): 5 percent average with no unit greater than 7 percent.

D. Resistance to Freeze-Thaw (ASTM C1645): No breakage greater than 1.0 percent loss in dry weight of individual unit after 50 cycles.

E. Maximum allowable breakage of product is 5 percent.

2.3 JOINT SAND

A. Natural Joint Sand.

1. Washed, clean, non-plastic, free from deleterious or foreign matter, symmetrically shaped, natural or manufactured from crushed rock.

2. Do not use limestone screenings, stone dust, or sand for the Joint Sand material that does not conform to conform to the grading requirements of ASTM C33.

3. Utilize sands that are as hard as practically available where concrete pavers are subject to vehicular traffic.

4. Gradation Requirements per ASTM C144. Percent Passing Sieve Size:

a. No. 4 (4.75 mm): 100 percent.

b. No. 8 (2.36 mm): 95 to 100 percent.

c. No. 16 (1.18 mm): 70 to 100 percent.

d. No. 30 (0.600 mm): 40 to 75 percent.

e. No. 50 (0.300 mm): 10 to 30 percent.

f. No. 100 (0.150 mm): 2 to 15 percent.

g. No. 200 (0.075 mm): 0 to 1 percent.

2.4 SETTING BED SAND

A. Setting Bed Sand.

1. Washed, clean, non-plastic, free from deleterious or foreign matter, symmetrically shaped, natural, or manufactured from crushed rock.

2. Do not use limestone screenings, stone dust, or sand for the Joint Sand material that does not conform to conform to the grading requirements of ASTM C33.

3. Do not use mason sand or sand conforming to ASTM C144.

4. Utilize sands that are as hard as practically available where concrete pavers are subject to vehicular traffic.

5. Gradation Requirements per ASTM C33. Percent Passing Sieve Size:

a. 3/8 inch (9.5 mm): 100 percent.

b. No. 4 (4.75 mm): 95 to 100 percent.

c. No. 8 (2.36 mm): 85 to 100 percent.

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d. No. 16 (1.18 mm): 50 to 85 percent.

e. No. 30 (0.600 mm): 25 to 60 percent.

f. No. 50 (0.300 mm): 10 to 30 percent.

g. No. 100 (0.150 mm): 2 to 10 percent.

h. No. 200 (0.075 mm): 0 to 1 percent.

2.5 BASE AGGREGATE

A. As specified in Section 31 20 00 - Earth Moving.

B. As specified in Section 03 30 00 - Cast-in-Place Concrete.

C. Provide Base Aggregate conforming to ASTM D2940. Passing Sieve Size:

1. 2 inch (50 mm): 100 percent.

2. 1-1/2 inch (37.5 mm): 95 to 100 percent.

3. 3/4 inch (19 mm): 70 to 92 percent.

4. 3/8 inch (9.5 mm): 50 to 70 percent.

5. No. 4 (4.75 mm): 35 to 55 percent.

6. No. 30 (0.600 mm): 12 to 25 percent.

7. No. 200 (0.075 mm): 0 to 8 percent.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Do not begin installation until substrates have been properly constructed and prepared.

B. If substrate preparation is the responsibility of another installer, notify Architect in writing of unsatisfactory preparation before proceeding.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Prepare surfaces using the methods recommended by the manufacturer for achieving the best result for the substrate under the project conditions.

B. Prevent damage to underdrain pipes, overflow pipes, observation wells, or inlets and other drainage appurtenances during installation.

3.3 INSTALLATION

A. Install in accordance with manufacturer's instructions, approved submittals and in proper relationship with adjacent construction.

1. Provide base and subbase indicated. Compact to 95%.

2. Provide and spread setting bed.

3. Mix concrete pavers from a minimum of three bundles to produce uniform blend of colors and textures.

4. Lay concrete pavers to pattern indicated.

5. Vibrate pavers to leveling course.

6. Spread joint material and vibrate until joints are completely filled.

3.4 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Verify final elevations for conformance to the Drawings.

1. Prevent finished grade elevations from deviating more than 3/8 inch (10 mm) under a

10 foot (3 m) straightedge or indicated slope.

2. Lippage, Paver-to-Paver: No greater than 1/8 inch (3 mm) difference in height between adjacent pavers.

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3.5 CLEANING AND PROTECTION

A. Prevent traffic on pavers until joint material is vibrated into joints.

B. Clean products in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.

C. Touch-up, repair or replace damaged products before Substantial Completion.

3.6 MAINTENANCE

A. Remove all debris from joint and provide additional sand material after 120 days and before 150 days after date of Substantial Completion.

B. Fill sand to the lip of the paver.

C. Annual Maintenance:

1. Annually inspect for areas clogged with debris.

2. Vacuum or sweep as necessary to restore surface infiltration.

3. Replenish removed sand material with clean aggregate material flush to paver lip.

4. Sweep excess material from paver surface.

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