JPL_attachment_1_table_1_and_table_2.pdf

Attachment 1 – Table 1 and Table 2

RFI #: WH-2671-060419 for Science Biology and Geology Designated Observable Study

Table 1. SBG SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS OBJECTIVES

The driving objectives for the study are based on the Most Important and Very Important science objectives defined in the ESAS 2017 (Table 1). Important objectives, referenced in this table, can be found in the Decadal Survey. A primary goal of the architecture study is to determine the extent to which any given architecture meets all, most, or some of the objectives derived from these priorities within the budget and schedule constraints recommended in the Decadal Survey.

Priority

ID

Panel Description

Most Important Objectives

E1c Ecosystems Quantify the physiological dynamics of terrestrial and aquatic primary producers.

E2a Quantify the fluxes of CO2 and CH4 globally at spatial scales of 100 to 500 km and monthly temporal resolution with uncertainty <25% between land ecosystems and atmosphere and between ocean ecosystems and atmosphere.

E3a Quantify the flows of energy, carbon, water, nutrients, etc. sustaining the life cycle of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and partitioning into functional types.

H1c Hydrology Quantify rates of snow accumulation, snowmelt, ice melt, and sublimation from snow and ice worldwide at scales driven by topographic variability.

S1a Solid Earth Measure the pre-, syn-, and post-eruption surface deformation and products of Earth’s entire active land volcano inventory at a time scale of days to weeks.

Very Important Objectives

E1a Ecosystems Quantify the distribution of the functional traits, functional types, and composition of vegetation and marine biomass, spatially and over time.

H2a Hydrology

Quantify how changes in land use, water use, and water storage affect evapotranspiration rates, and how these in turn affect local and regional precipitation systems, groundwater recharge, temperature extremes, and carbon cycling.

H4a Monitor and understand hazard response in rugged terrain and land margins to heavy rainfall, temperature and evaporation extremes, and strong winds at multiple temporal and spatial scales. This socioeconomic priority depends on success of addressing H-1b and H-1c, H-2a, and H-2c.

S1c Solid Earth

Forecast and monitor landslides, especially those near population centers.

S2b Assess surface deformation (<10 mm), extent of surface change (<100 m spatial resolution) and atmospheric contamination, and the composition and temperature of volcanic products following a volcanic eruption (hourly to daily temporal sampling).

C3a Climate Quantify CO2 fluxes at spatial scales of 100-500 km and monthly temporal resolution with uncertainty <25% to enable regional-scale process attribution explaining year-to-year variability by net uptake of carbon by terrestrial ecosystems (i.e., determine how much carbon uptake results from processes such as CO2 and nitrogen fertilization, forest regrowth, and changing ecosystem demography.)

W3a Weather Determine how spatial variability in surface characteristics modifies regional cycles of energy, water and momentum (stress) to an accuracy of 10 W/m2 in the enthalpy flux, and 0.1 N/m2 in stress, and observe total precipitation to an average accuracy of 15% over oceans and/or 25% over land and ice surfaces averaged over a 100 × 100 km region and 2- to 3-day time period.

Table 2. DESIRED SBG MEAUREMENT CAPABILITIES

The Science and Applications Traceability Matrix (SATM) follows the Decadal Survey directions for desired capabilities and will be reviewed during the upcoming SBG Community Workshop.

Performance parameter ranges in (Table 2) have been taken from the SATM.

Performan ce

Parameter s

Spectral Range Spectral GSD Revisit

Covera ge

Local Time for

Acquisition

VSWIR

0.35 or 0.4 to 2.5µm

Resolution : 10nm or better Coverage:

Continuou s

SNR:

VNIR:

>400

SWIR

>250

30- 45m

2-16 days Global

10:30am to 1:30pm

TIR

8 to 12µm 3 to 5µm

Bands: >5 desired

NEdT

<0.2 K

40- 60m

1-7 days Global

Can vary across the diurnal cycle

Observing System Concepts:

All observational architecture concepts and measurement capabilities achieving performance parameters within the ranges in Table 2 are considered. An observational system can include any combination of a program of record, space and/or airborne systems.

System concepts and innovative approaches, including a range of solutions for large and small dedicated spacecraft, formation flying, hosted instruments, and integration of other earth surface imaging data sets are welcome. The study team is also seeking information regarding opportunities for international and private sector collaborations with NASA. RFI responses should recognize that implementing a system that stays within the allocated budget is an essential programmatic requirement for the U.S. Government. Concepts that may address portions of those parameters and their performance capabilities will be considered. Space observational architecture concepts should include a brief description of the operations concept, spacecraft design, launch vehicle, instrument design and performance, measurement data, and calibration/validation approach. Respondents may describe architecture enhancements, e.g.

spectral coverage and sampling, temporal revisit times, spatial resolution, along with justification for their adoption, for evaluation.

Further information on architecture concepts and/or measurement capabilities may be requested by the SBG Study Team during the Architecture Design phase of the study. The SBG Study team will evaluate observing architectures using a value framework, with criteria developed by the study team. Value criteria will include science return/performance, cost, technology readiness and risk with the emphasis on global coverage, quality of the measurements, and achieving full spectrum coverage. Instrument technology to support observing systems must achieve a technology readiness level (TRL) of 6 or greater by late 2022. (see https://esto.nasa.gov/technologists_trl.html)

The SBG Study team seeks expertise and information from across the spectrum of Earth Science research, applications, technology, mission formulation and implementation, as well as across the major stakeholder organizations in government (NASA and non-NASA), academia, industry and the international community. International (i.e. non-US) and commercial (i.e. non-government) responses are especially encouraged.

https://esto.nasa.gov/technologists_trl.html