PRIF-Statistical-Definitions-Document (1).pdf

PDF 5 MB Posted Jul 7, 2023

Attached to: 2023 Notification of Funding Opportunity - Formative Research on Child Trafficking in Nepal
Opportunity number: SFOP0009867
Issued by: Department of State Bureau of Democracy Human Rights and Labor

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Written by GovTribe AI · Dec 20, 2023

This document provides statistical definitions to guide researchers in measuring the prevalence of human trafficking. It defines key terms like sex trafficking, forced labor, and stock and flow estimates. Statistical definitions are provided for sex trafficking and forced labor of both children and adults. Definitions cover elements like acts, means, and purpose as defined in the Palermo Protocol. An indicator table outlines factors researchers should examine to identify instances of various acts and means of trafficking. The document was created by the U.S. Department of State with input from researchers. It aims to standardize measurement and validate different estimation methods being used in prevalence research projects funded by the State Department in several countries.

The related federal grant opportunity is a 2023 Notice of Funding from the Department of State seeking applications for formative research on child trafficking in Nepal. The solicitation number is SFOP0009867. Funding is provided through the International Programs to Combat Human Trafficking program (CFDA #19.019), which is overseen by the Department of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. The notice involves collection of qualitative data to inform future prevalence research on child trafficking in Nepal.

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Human Trafficking Statistical Definitions 1

Human Trafficking STaTiSTical DefiniTionS

Prevalence Reduction Innovation Forum July 2020

A Gift of the United States Government

The

Prevalence

Reduction

Innovation

Forum

human

trafficking

project

would

not

have

been

possible

without

the

gen-

erous

financial

support

the

Department

State

Office

Monitor

and

Combat

Trafficking

Persons

(TIP

Office),

Program

End

Modern

Slavery.

The

Prevalence

Forum

funded

under

Department

State

grant

SSJTIP18CA0032.

The

Prevalence

Forum

evolved

from

the

need

move

the

conversation

human

trafficking

prevalence

research

reliable

science.

The

first

forum

was

held

May

20-22,

2020

and

brought

together

1,000

participants

from

across

the

world

interrogating

the

current

human

trafficking

prevalence

estimation

methods.

The

specific

aims

the

Prevalence

Forum

are

to:

• Identify

and

build

the

capacity

human

trafficking

research

teams

the

design,

testing,

and

dissemination

human

trafficking

prevalence

data

• Document the robustness of various methodological approaches in human trafficking prevalence research

The

creation

this

Statistical

Definitions

document

was

designed

guide

the

work

researchers

the

Prevalence

Forum

project.

The

TIP

Office

and

the

African

Programming

and

Research

Initiative

End

Slavery

the

University

Georgia

with

valuable

input

from

lawyers

the

Department

State

well

Prevalence

Forum

researchers

and

partners

conceptualized

the

Statistical

Definitions

Toolkit.

The

TIP

Office,

David

Okech

(University

Georgia),

and

Lydia

Aletraris

(University

Georgia)

jointly

developed

this

Statistical

Definitions

document.

Special

thanks

Lisa

Johnston,

Katherine

McLaughlin,

and

Ian

Fellows

the

Hard-to-Reach-Populations

Research

Methods

Group

for

consulting

some

the

definitions

and

Macartan

Humphreys

Columbia

University

and

WBZ

Social

Science

Center

Berlin,

Ger-

many.

Elyssa

Schroeder

was

instrumental

formatting

the

document

and

including

the

graphics.

The

development

this

Toolkit

also

would

not

have

been

possible

without

the

participation

these

Prevalence

Reduc-

tion

principal

investigators

(in

alphabetical

order):

Meredith

Dank,

Kareem

Kysia,

Yuki

Lo,

Grant

Miller,

Courtland

Robin-

son,

Sheldon

Zhang,

and

Clifford

Zinnes.

Their

dedication

this

project

was

evidenced

their

generous

contributions

and

their

thoughtful

commentary

and

feedback.

them,

the

Prevalence

Forum

offers

its

appreciation

and

gratitude

and

looks

forward

wonderful

partnership

validate

the

various

prevalence

estimation

methods

Brazil,

Costa

Rica,

Morocco,

Pakistan,

Tanzania,

and

Tunisia.

Other

Prevalence

Forum

activities

will

include

field-testing

least

two

methods

trafficking

hot-spot

within

these

countries,

the

second

innovation

forum

present

and

assess

results

from

the

field,

and

the

production

and

dissemination

book,

special

issue

journal

edition,

and

meta-analysis

that

includes

cost-benefit

analysis

the

various

estimation

methods.

Prevalence Reduction Innovation Forum Grantees and Projects acknowleDgemenTS

cite

this

document:

Department

State

Office

Monitor

and

Combat

Trafficking

Persons,

Okech,

D.,

Aletraris,

L.,

Schroeder,

(2020).

Human trafficking statistical definitions: Prevalence Reduction Innovation Forum.

University

Georgia

African

Programming

and

Research

Initiative

End

Slavery

The

Department

State

Office

Monitor

and

Combat

Trafficking

Persons.

The Freedom Fund - Child Sex Trafficking in Brazil Dr. Ana Brito (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation) and Yuki Lo

Stanford University - Forced Labor in Brazil Dr. Grant Miller

NORC	at	the	University	of	Chicago	-	Domestic
Servitude	in	Morocco

Dr. Clifford Zinnes and Kareem Kysia

John Hopkins University - Forced Labor in Pakistan Dr. Courtland Robinson

University of Massachusetts Lowell - Domestic Servitude in Tunisia Dr. Sheldon Zhang

John	Jay	College	of	Criminal	Justice	-	Forced	Labor	in	Costa
Rica	and	Domestic	Servitude	in	Tanzania

Dr. Meredith Dank

Human Trafficking Statistical Definitions 3

Table of conTenTS

Introduction

Statistical Definitions Sex Trafficking, Child, Flow Sex Trafficking, Child, Stock Sex Trafficking or Forced Labor, Adult, Flow Sex Trafficking or Forced Labor, Adult, Stock Forced Labor, Child, Flow Forced Labor, Child, Stock Indicator Table

Human Trafficking Statistical Definitions 4

i. inTroDucTion

This

guidance

presents

statistical

definitions

human

trafficking

that

are

intended

guide

researchers

and

organizations

that

seek

measure

the

prevalence

human

trafficking

for

research

programmatic

eval-

uation.

can

used

with

variety

estimation

techniques

but

chiefly

targeted

towards

probabilistic

non-probabilistic

survey-based

measurements.

Researchers

and

organizations

may

adapt

other

method-

ologies,

needed

and

appropriate.

“Human

trafficking,”

“trafficking

persons,”

and

“modern

slavery”

are

umbrella

terms

used

refer

both

sex

trafficking

and

forced

“compelled”

labor.

This

guidance

defines

sex

trafficking

and

forced

labor

and

explains

how

operationalize

them

for

quantitative

research

purposes.

will

also

describe

how

frame

prevalence

estimates

and

other

useful

sources

information.

Human

trafficking

occurs

when

trafficker

compels

someone

provide

labor

services

engage

com-

mercial

sex,

prostitution,

through

the

use

force,

fraud,

coercion,

abduction,

deception,

the

abuse

power

position

vulnerability,

when

trafficker

causes

child

engage

commercial

sex

(wheth-

not

force,

fraud,

coercion

are

used).

The

coercion

can

subtle

overt,

physical

psychological.

Human

trafficking

can

include,

but

does

not

require,

movement.

People

may

considered

trafficking

victims

regardless

whether

they

were

born

into

state

servitude,

experienced

exploitation

their

home

town,

traveled

the

exploitative

situation,

previously

consented

work

for

trafficker,

participated

crime

direct

result

being

trafficked.

This

definition

based

the

Protocol

Prevent,

Suppress

and

Punish

Trafficking

Persons

Especially

Wom-

and

Children,

supplementing

the

United

Nations

Convention

against

Transnational

Organized

Crime,

also

known

the

Palermo

Protocol,

which

was

adopted

the

United

Nations

General

Assembly

November

2000.

also

based

the

United

States

Trafficking

Victims

Protection

Act

2000,

amended.

intend-

adapted

broad

variety

contexts

that

may

implicate

different

laws

human

trafficking.

important

note

that

this

statistical

definition

does

not

include

organ

trafficking

but

does

include

forced

mar-

riage

only

for

the

purpose

forced

labor

commercial

sex.

However,

estimates

forced

marriage

and

organ

trafficking

are

welcome

used

alongside

this

estimate.

This

definition

targeted

the

measure-

ment

victims,

not

perpetrators.

uses

the

general

framework

from

the

Palermo

Protocol

whereby

human

trafficking

comprises

three

elements:

Acts,

Means,

and

Purpose:

• Acts:

recruitment,

transportation,

transfer,

harboring,

receipt,

patronizing,

soliciting1

• Means: force

other

forms

coercion,

abduction,

fraud,

deception,

the

abuse

power

position

vulnerability

• Purpose:

exploitation

the

prostitution

others

other

forms

sexual

exploitation,

forced

labor

services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude.

The

prevalence

human

trafficking

will

reported

percent

the

general

reference

population

the

specified

geographic

area,

sector,

and/or

industry.

should

also

reported

terms

the

number

per-

sons

human

trafficking

the

given

point

time

per

one

thousand

persons.

Human

trafficking

not

only

the

acts

but

also

the

coercive

means

and

the

exploitation,

and

any

part

the

trafficking

scheme

current,

then

current,

and

does

not

depend

just

when

the

acts

happened.

Stock

current

estimate

the

number

victims

trafficking.

Flow

the

number

victims

trafficking

during

specific

period

time.

While

all

teams

are

expected

capture

and

provide

prevalence

estimates,

where

inappropriate,

there

requirement

for

teams

measure

flow

and

stock.

1 The Acts of “patronizing” and “soliciting” only apply to the crime of sex trafficking.

Human Trafficking Statistical Definitions 5

For

the

purposes

this

statistical

definition,

and

sex

trafficking

particular,

sex

includes

genital

anal

con-

tact

penetration

person,

regardless

whether

such

contact

penetration

genital,

oral,

manual.

Sex

trafficking

can

include

virtual

situations,

such

when

trafficker

pays

watch

trafficking

victim

engag-

ing

sex

act,

including

self-masturbation.

Sex

trafficking

not

limited

situations

involving

third-party

who

profits

from

the

act

(such

pimp

madam),

but

can

also

occur

when

the

victim

interacts

only

with

customer/buyer.

Commercial

sex

occurs

when

anything

value

given

received

any

person

for

sex.

addition

paying

directly

for

sex,

other

examples

commercial

sex

may

include

paying

for

overpriced

items

exchange

for

sex,

paying

for

waiving

school

fees

exchange

for

sex.

Prostitution

activity

that

inherently

commercial

and

captured

this

statistical

definition

the

terms

commercial

sex.

Compelled

erotic

performances

that

not

involve

sex

acts

would

excluded

from

sex

trafficking

estimates,

but

may

included

under

forced

labor

estimates.

addition,

many

cases

domestic

servitude

involve

sexual

abuse,

but

would

typically

classified

forced

labor

and

not

sex

trafficking.

For

both

forced

labor

and

sex

trafficking,

the

trafficker

can

someone

who

unknown

the

victim

with

whom

they

have

intimate

personal

relationship.

The

type

relationship

between

the

trafficker

and

the

victim,

even

familial,

not

relevant

establish

instance

trafficking

persons.

Familial

relationships,

including

involving

biological

parents,

adopted

parents,

siblings,

family

members,

should

not

prohibit

instance

trafficking

from

being

counted.

The

U.S.

Agency

for

International

Development

(USAID)

Demographic

Health

Survey

age

categories

for

children

are

broken

down

into

these

categories:

0-9,

10-14,

15-17.

When

researching

children,

recommend

the

fol-

lowing

age

categories

wherever

applicable:

5-9,

10-14,

15-17.

Whenever

possible,

the

uncertainty

associated

with

estimate

should

quantified

and

reported,

for

exam-

ple

providing

confidence

interval

(CI),

credible

interval,

range

plausible

values.

Standard

values

are

95%

and

margin

error.

This

definition

also

informed

the

USAID

Demographic

and

Health

Surveys

format

and

the

“Hard

See,

Harder

Count”

guidelines

published

the

International

Labor

Organization

2012.

Human Trafficking Statistical Definitions 6

STaTiSTical DefiniTionS

II. Sex Trafficking, Child, Flow

Coverage:

• Population base:	Total	population	size	of	children	during	the	specified	reference	time	period.
• Time period: In	the	last	year	or	two	years.

Handling of Missing Values: Our

goal

make

powered

well

correct

inferences

from

the

survey.

threat

this

goal

missing

data.

Survey

items

with

missing

information

should

assessed

determine,

the

best

the

researchers’

ability,

the

missingness

completely

random

depends

some

way

the

characteristics

the

persons.

the

missingness

completely

random,

persons

with

missing

informa-

tion

are

excluded

from

both

the

numerator

and

the

denominator.

Otherwise,

context-appropriate

procedure

adjust

for

missingness,

such

multiple

imputation,

should

used.

cases

where

the

percent

missing

deemed

substantial,

researchers

should

present

both

unadjusted

and

adjusted

estimates.

all

cases,

the

per-

cent

missing

well

the

pattern

missingness

should

reported.

person

does

not

need

excluded

from

calculation

when

their

missing

survey

item(s)

not

impact

their

categorization.

For

example,

utilizing

the

"Indicator

Table”

from

section

VIII,

person

has

DD2=1

but

has

missing

items

for

all

categories,

they

would

already

counted

the

numerator

and

their

responses

the

categories

not

change

that.

This

person

does

not

need

excluded

even

though

they

have

some

missing

items.

Definition: Percentage

children

who

were

recruited,

transported,

transferred,

harbored,

re-

ceived,

patronized,

solicited

for

commercial

sex

some

point

during

the

specified

reference

period

either

one

year

two

years.

Commercial

sex

occurs

when

anything

value

given

received

any

person

for

sex.

child

defined

any

person

under

the

age

18.

Numerator:

The

total

number

children

who

identified

having

engaged

commercial

sex

some

point

the

last

year

two

years.

Denominator: The total number of children in the same reference time frame as the numerator.

Calculation: Numerator divided by denominator multiplied by 100.

III. Sex Trafficking, Child, Stock

Definition:

Percentage

children

who

were

recruited,

transported,

transferred,

harbored,

received,

patronized,

solicited

for

the

current

provision

commercial

sex

given

point

time.

child

defined

any

person

under

the

age

18.“

Coverage:

• Population base:	Total	population	size	of	children.
• Time period: Current	status	at	time	of	survey.

Human Trafficking Statistical Definitions 7

Numerator: The total number of children who identified as having engaged in commercial sex.

Denominator: The total number of children in the research geographic target area.

Calculation: Numerator divided by denominator multiplied by 100.

Handling of Missing Values: Our

goal

make

powered

well

correct

inferences

from

the

survey.

threat

this

goal

missing

data.

Survey

items

with

missing

information

should

assessed

determine,

the

best

the

researchers’

ability,

the

missingness

completely

random

depends

some

way

the

characteristics

the

persons.

the

missingness

completely

random,

persons

with

missing

informa-

tion

are

excluded

from

both

the

numerator

and

the

denominator.

Otherwise,

context-appropriate

procedure

adjust

for

missingness,

such

multiple

imputation,

should

used.

cases

where

the

percent

missing

deemed

substantial,

researchers

should

present

both

unadjusted

and

adjusted

estimates.

all

cases,

the

per-

cent

missing

well

the

pattern

missingness

should

reported.

person

does

not

need

excluded

from

calculation

when

their

missing

survey

item(s)

not

impact

their

categorization.

For

example,

utilizing

the

"Indicator

Table”

from

section

VIII,

person

has

DD2=1

but

has

missing

items

for

all

categories,

they

would

already

counted

the

numerator

and

their

responses

the

categories

not

change

that.

This

person

does

not

need

excluded

even

though

they

have

some

missing

items.

IV. Sex Trafficking or Forced Labor, Adult, Flow

Definition: Percentage

adults

who

were

recruited,

transported,

transferred,

harbored,

re-

ceived,

patronized,

solicited2

for

forced

labor

commercial

sex

through

the

use

force,

fraud,

coercion

some

point

during

the

specified

reference

period

either

one

year

two

years.

2 The Acts of “patronizing” and “soliciting” only apply to the crime of sex trafficking.

Human Trafficking Statistical Definitions 8

V. Sex Trafficking or Forced Labor, Adult, Stock

Definition: Percentage

adults

were

recruited,

transported,

transferred,

harbored,

received,

patronized,

solicited3

for

forced

labor

commercial

sex

through

the

use

force,

fraud,

coercion

given

point

time.“

Coverage:

• Population base:	Total	population	size	of	persons	18	years	of	age	or	over.
• Time period: Current	status	at	time	of	survey.

3 The Acts of “patronizing” and “soliciting” only apply to the crime of sex trafficking.

Handling of Missing Values: Our

goal

make

powered

well

correct

inferences

from

the

survey.

threat

this

goal

missing

data.

Survey

items

with

missing

information

should

assessed

determine,

the

best

the

researchers’

ability,

the

missingness

completely

random

depends

some

way

the

characteristics

the

persons.

the

missingness

completely

random,

persons

with

missing

informa-

tion

are

excluded

from

both

the

numerator

and

the

denominator.

Otherwise,

context-appropriate

procedure

adjust

for

missingness,

such

multiple

imputation,

should

used.

cases

where

the

percent

missing

deemed

substantial,

researchers

should

present

both

unadjusted

and

adjusted

estimates.

all

cases,

the

per-

cent

missing

well

the

pattern

missingness

should

reported.

person

does

not

need

excluded

from

calculation

when

their

missing

survey

item(s)

not

impact

their

categorization.

For

example,

utilizing

the

"Indicator

Table”

from

section

VIII,

person

has

DD2=1

but

has

missing

items

for

all

categories,

they

would

already

counted

the

numerator

and

their

responses

the

categories

not

change

that.

This

person

does

not

need

excluded

even

though

they

have

some

missing

items.

Numerator:

The

total

number

persons

years

age

over

identified

having

experienced

some

point

the

last

year,

two

years:

• DD2/V2/FM3

or;

• 2

Strong

R/EP/PL/DC/FM/DD/V=1

from

different

categories

or;

• Strong

R/EP/PL/DC/FM/DD/V

and

medium

R/EP/PL/DC/FM/DD/V

=1;

and

• Engaged

commercial

sex

labor

services

some

point

during

the

specified

reference

period.

Denominator: The total number of adults in the same reference time frame as the numerator.

Calculation: Numerator divided by denominator multiplied by 100.

Coverage:

• Population base: Total population size of persons 18 years of age or over during the specified refer-

ence	period.
• Time period: In	the	last	year	or	two	years.

Human Trafficking Statistical Definitions 9

VI. Forced Labor, Child, Flow

Definition:Percentage

children

who

were

recruited,

transported,

transferred,

harbored,

received

for

forced

labor

through

the

use

force,

fraud,

coercion

some

point

during

the

specified

reference

period

either

one

year

two

years.

child

defined

any

person

under

the

age

18.

expect

researchers

distinguish

child

work

from

child

labor

and

the

worst

forms

child

labor.

For

example,

many

non-Western

cultures,

school-going

children

are

expected

work

long

hours

the

home,

farm,

family

business.

Coverage:

• Population base: Total population size of persons under the age of 18 during the specified reference period.

• Time period: In the last year or two years.

Handling of Missing Values: Our

goal

make

powered

well

correct

inferences

from

the

survey.

threat

this

goal

missing

data.

Survey

items

with

missing

information

should

assessed

determine,

the

best

the

researchers’

ability,

the

missingness

completely

random

depends

some

way

the

characteris-

tics

the

persons.

the

missingness

completely

random,

persons

with

missing

information

are

excluded

from

both

the

numerator

and

the

denominator.

Otherwise,

context-appropriate

procedure

adjust

for

miss-

ingness,

such

multiple

imputation,

should

used.

cases

where

the

percent

missing

deemed

substan-

tial,

researchers

should

present

both

unadjusted

and

adjusted

estimates.

all

cases,

the

percent

missing

well

the

pattern

missingness

should

reported.

person

does

not

need

excluded

from

calculation

when

their

missing

survey

item(s)

not

impact

their

categorization.

For

example,

utilizing

the

"Indicator

Table”

from

section

VIII,

person

has

DD2=1

but

has

missing

items

for

all

categories,

they

would

already

counted

the

numerator

and

their

responses

the

categories

not

change

that.

This

person

does

not

need

excluded

even

though

they

have

some

missing

items.

Numerator:	Number	of	persons	18	years	of	age	or
over	identified	as	currently	experiencing:

• DD2/V2/FM3	=	1	or;
• 2	or	more	Strong	R/EP/PL/DC/FM/DD/V=1

from	different	categories	or;
• Strong	R/EP/PL/DC/FM/DD/V	=1	and	3	or

more	medium	R/EP/PL/DC/FM/DD/V	=1;	and
• Currently	engaged	in	commercial	sex	or

labor services.

Denominator: The	total	number	of	adults	in	the
research	geographic	target	area.

Calculation: Numerator	divided	by	denominator	multiplied
by	100.

Human Trafficking Statistical Definitions 10

Coverage:

• Population base:	Total	population	size	of	persons	under	the	age	of	18.
• Time period: Current	status	at	time	of	survey.

Calculation: Numerator divided by denominator multiplied by 100.

Numerator:

Number

persons

under

the

age

identified

currently

experiencing:

• DD2/V2/FM3

or;

• 2

Strong

R/EP/PL/DC/FM/DD/V=1

from

different

categories

or;

• Strong

R/EP/PL/DC/FM/DD/V

and

medium

R/EP/PL/DC/FM/DD/V

=1;

and

• Currently

engaged

labor

services.

Denominator: The total number of children in a research geographic target area.

VII. Forced Labor, Child, Stock

Definition:Percentage

children

who

were

recruited,

transported,

transferred,

harbored,

re-

ceived

for

forced

labor

using

force,

fraud,

coercion

given

point

time.

child

defined

any

person

under

the

age

18.

“

Handling of Missing Values: Our

goal

make

powered

well

correct

inferences

from

the

survey.

threat

this

goal

missing

data.

Survey

items

with

missing

information

should

assessed

determine,

the

best

the

researchers’

ability,

the

missingness

completely

random

depends

some

way

the

characteristics

the

persons.

the

missingness

completely

random,

persons

with

missing

informa-

tion

are

excluded

from

both

the

numerator

and

the

denominator.

Otherwise,

context-appropriate

procedure

adjust

for

missingness,

such

multiple

imputation,

should

used.

cases

where

the

percent

missing

deemed

substantial,

researchers

should

present

both

unadjusted

and

adjusted

estimates.

all

cases,

the

per-

cent

missing

well

the

pattern

missingness

should

reported.

person

does

not

need

excluded

from

calculation

when

their

missing

survey

item(s)

not

impact

their

categorization.

For

example,

utilizing

the

"Indicator

Table”

from

section

VIII,

person

has

DD2=1

but

has

missing

items

for

all

categories,

they

would

already

counted

the

numerator

and

their

responses

the

categories

not

change

that.

This

person

does

not

need

excluded

even

though

they

have

some

missing

items.

Calculation: Numerator divided by denominator multiplied by 100.

Numerator:

Number

persons

under

the

age

identified

having

experiencing

some

point

over

the

past

year

two

years:

• DD2/V2/FM3	=	1	or;
• 2	or	more	Strong	R/EP/PL/DC/FM/DD/V=1	from	different	categories	or;
• Strong	R/EP/PL/DC/FM/DD/V	=1	and	3	or	more	medium	R/EP/PL/DC/FM/DD/V	=1;	and
• Engaged	in	labor	services	at	some	point	during	the	specified	reference	period.

Denominator: The total number of children in the same reference time frame as the numerator.

Human Trafficking Statistical Definitions 11

VIII. Indicator Table

The

“Purpose”

from

the

Palermo

Protocol

should

gathered

researchers

via

questionnaires.

When

there

not

explicit

reference

labor

commercial

sex

within

the

indicator,

researchers

should

tie

that

indicator

the

purpose.

For

instance,

individual

made

engage

illicit

activities

(Indicator

DC3

below),

will

incumbent

the

researcher

ensure

through

other

survey

questions

research

design

mechanisms

that

the

illicit

activities

have

economic

purpose.

there

economic

purpose,

labor

commercial

sex,

then

this

indicator

cannot

apply

towards

situation

trafficking.

Resulting

information

will

included

the

prevalence

calculation.

The

indicators

listed

below

describe

the

“Acts”

and

“Means”

required

the

Palermo

Protocol;

often

the

Acts

and

Means

may

both

present

the

same

fact

patterns.

This

list

not

intended

exhaustive.

For

each

trafficking

situation

listed

above

the

definition,

researchers

will

create

questions

that

reflect

the

below

indicators

based

the

given

trafficking

circumstance

they

are

trying

measure.

Researchers

not

need

include

questions

for

all

indicators

their

surveys,

and

should

select

indicators

and

relevant

thresholds

from

indicators

appropriate

based

formative

research.

Please

note

that

the

below

indicators

are

not

part

the

numerator

for

instances

children

engaged

commercial

sex,

and

questions

for

such

children

should

not

focus

force,

fraud,

coercion.

Handling of Missing Values:

Our

goal

make

powered

well

correct

inferences

from

the

survey.

threat

this

goal

missing

data.

Survey

items

with

missing

information

should

assessed

determine,

the

best

the

researchers’

ability,

the

missingness

completely

random

depends

some

way

the

characteristics

the

persons.

the

missingness

completely

random,

persons

with

missing

information

are

excluded

from

both

the

numerator

and

the

denominator.

Otherwise,

context-appropriate

procedure

adjust

for

missingness,

such

multiple

imputation,

should

used.

cases

where

the

percent

missing

deemed

substantial,

researchers

should

present

both

unadjusted

and

adjusted

estimates.

all

cas-

es,

the

percent

missing

well

the

pattern

missingness

should

reported.

person

does

not

need

excluded

from

calculation

when

their

missing

survey

item(s)

not

impact

their

categorization.

For

example,

utilizing

the

"Indicator

Table”

from

section

VIII,

person

has

DD2=1

but

has

missing

items

for

all

categories,

they

would

already

counted

the

numerator

and

their

responses

the

categories

not

change

that.

This

person

does

not

need

excluded

even

though

they

have

some

missing

items.

Human Trafficking Statistical Definitions 12

Categories Code Type Indicator Recruitment R1 Strong Coercive recruitment (abduction, confinement during the

recruitment	process)
R2 Strong Deceptive	recruitment	(nature	of	services	or	responsibilities

required) R3 Medium Deceptive recruitment (regarding working conditions, con-

tent	or	legality	of	relevant	contract,	housing	and	living	con-
ditions,	legal	documentation	or	acquisition	of	legal	status,
location	or	employer,	compensation/benefits,	promise	of

marriage/love)

R4 Medium Paid recruitment fees

Employment Practices and

Penalties

EP1 Strong Had	your	pay,	other	promised	compensation	and/or	benefits
withheld	and	if	you	leave	you	will	not	get	them

EP2 Strong High	or	increasing	debt	related	to	an	employer	or	other
person	who	controls	earnings	(by	falsification	of	accounts,
inflated	prices	for	goods/services	purchased,	reduced	value
of	goods/services	produced,	excessive	interest	rate	on	loans,

etc.)

EP3 Medium High	or	increasing	debt	related	to	a	recruiter,	intermediary	or
other	individual	(by	falsification	of	accounts,	inflated	prices
for	goods/services	purchased,	reduced	value	of	goods/ser-
vices	produced,	excessive	interest	rate	on	loans,	etc.)

EP4 Medium Made to work overtime beyond legal limits

EP5 Medium Made	to	perform	additional	services	or	responsibilities	(be-
yond	what	was	agreed)	without	due	compensation

EP6 Medium Ever	not	received	or	had	withheld	promised	wages,	benefits,
or	other	compensation.

EP7 Medium Recruitment linked to debt (advance or loan)

EP8 Medium Absence of a formal contract

Personal Life and Properties

PL1 Strong Another	individual	has	control	over	any	meaningful	part	of
your	personal	life	(i.e.	blackmail,	religious	retribution,	or
exclusion	from	future	employment,	community,	personal	or
social	life,	etc.)

PL2 Strong Another	individual	has	transferred	control	over	any	meaning-
ful	part	of	your	personal	life.

PL3 Strong Made	to	work	or	engage	in	commercial	sex	for	in	order	to
repay	outstanding	debt	or	wage	advance

PL4 Medium Made	to	work	or	engage	in	commercial	sex	for	employer’s
private	home	or	family

PL5 Medium Confiscation	of	mobile	phones	or	other	communication
methods	as	a	way	to	have	control	over	you.

Human Trafficking Statistical Definitions 13

Degrading Conditions

DC1 Strong Made	to	be	available	day	and	night	without	adequate	com-
pensation	outside	of	the	scope	of	the	contract

DC2 Medium Made	to	complete	hazardous	and/or	arduous	services	with-
out	proper	protective	gear

DC3 Strong Made to engage in illicit activities

DC4 Medium Made	to	live	in	degrading	conditions	e.g.	housing	or	shelter
is	unclean,	provides	no	privacy,	or	is	otherwise	insufficient	in
a	way	that	harms	your	health

Freedom of Movement

FM1 Strong Confiscation of or loss of access to identity papers or travel documents

FM2 Strong Constant	surveillance	of	personal	spaces	by	employer,	re-
cruiter,	or	other	individuals

FM3 Strong No freedom of movement and communication

FM4 Medium Limited	freedom	of	movement	and	communication	i.e.	su-
pervised	communication,	movement	restricted	or	surveilled
during	off-hours.

FM5 Medium Constant surveillance of place of work

Debt or Dependency

DD1 Strong Had a debt imposed on you without your consent

DD2 Strong Tradition, birth/descent into hereditary slavery or bonded status

DD3 Medium Pre-existence	of	an	intimate	or	dependent	relationship	such
as	romantic	or	familial	relationship

DD4 Medium Unable to refuse to provide services

Violence and Threats of Violence

V1 Strong Physical violence inflicted in front of you on other individuals

V2 Strong Ever	been	sold	or	witness	ownership	of	another	person	in
your	situation	being	sold	for	labor	or	for	sex

V3 Strong Physical violence against you or someone you care deeply about

V4 Strong Sexual violence against you or someone you care deeply about

V5 Medium Threat	of	denunciation	to	authorities	against	you	or	some-
one	you	care	deeply	about

V6 Medium Emotional/psychological	abuse	against	you	or	someone	you
care	deeply	about

V7 Medium Threat of harm to your personal or professional reputation

V8 Medium Threats of violence against you or someone you care deeply about

Human Trafficking Statistical Definitions 14

File details come from the government source that posted it. Updated Jul 8, 2023.