PDHS Gender Analysis Tool .xlsx
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- Attached to
- USAID Access Miahy
- Opportunity number
- 72068724RFA00008
About this file
This document is a federal grant opportunity announcement from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) in Madagascar. The opportunity is for a Cooperative Agreement or grant to implement the "USAID Access Miahy" program, which aims to improve human capacity and contribute to Madagascar's journey to self-reliance. The funding opportunity is open to all eligible applicants. USAID intends to make one or more awards based on the merit review criteria. Key details include:
The grant opportunity is funded under the USAID Foreign Assistance for Programs Overseas (CFDA 98.001) program. The objective is to support economic growth, global health, and democracy/conflict prevention in Madagascar. Applicants must comply with all registration and submission requirements. The deadline for questions is provided, and responses will be shared with all potential applicants. USAID will not reimburse applicants for any costs incurred in applying.
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Gender Questionairre
| Name of Activity or Project | ||||
| Guiding Context Questions | Answer | Guiding Activity Questions | Yes/No | If yes, how? If no, why not? |
| Legal Institutional Framework | ||||
| What are the legal and policy challenges that women and men face regarding legal rights? For example, property access, inheritage, acces to the judicial system. | ||||
| Is this activity/project intended to improve the legal framework regarding Gender Equality in Madagascar? | ||||
| If these challenges remain not addressed, then what would be their effects on the activity? | ||||
| Cultural Norms and Beliefs | ||||
| What are the cutural, normative, and belief challenges that women and men face regarding community engagement. For example, local consultations and decision making, religious and cultural activities, rights and responsibilities in their community …) | Does this activity/project contribute to reducing gender social stereotypes in the intervention zone(s)? (jobs, early forced marriage, household responsibilities and attribution, early school drop out) | |||
| If these challenges remain not addressed, then what would be their effects on the activity? | ||||
| Does this activity/project help to increase self-confidence of Women and or Men? (political leadership and participation, maternal health, education and professional training) | ||||
| Does this activity/project favoritize women participation in community engagement? (freedom of expression, freedom of vote, political representation, |
Gender Questionnaire
Gender Analysis Toolkit:
| Name of Activity / Project: | Primary Health Care and District Systems Strengthening |
| Design Lead: | Azzah |
| Office: | HPN |
ADS 205 mandates a project and/or activity level gender analysis to ensure interventions promote gender equality.
A project or activity gender analysis will inform the following:
- Activity-level/specific gender-based gaps
- Activity-level/specific gender based barriers that give rise to those gaps
- Activity-level/specific gender based needs
- Activity-level/specific gender equality recommendations
- Activity-level/specific analysis on how to increase/improve women/girls (or men/boys) leadership and meaningful engagement in the activity and/or the sector
- Activity-level/specific analysis that can direct the activity to ensure gender equitable benefit from the activity
- Activity-level/specific analysis that can direct the activity to ensure gender-based differential needs of women/girls or men/boys are met
- Activity-level/specific analysis that can direct the activity to ensure gender based approaches benefit the activity
- Activity-level/specific analysis that can direct the activity to ensure that the activity promotes gender equality
- Activity-level/specific analysis that can direct the activity to ensure the activity does no harm (aggravate/deepen gender inequalities or lead to GBV).
The Mission should analyze and discuss the gender aspects below. By using this tool the Mission will address gender inequality and enhance women empowerment in an effective, realistic, and measurable way:
1. Linkage to CDCS Gender Analysis and Integration Recommendations:
| Development Objectives (DOs) | Challenges | Recommendation |
| DO1 : Improved Human Capacity to Contribute to the Country's Journey to Self-Reliance | - National Policy on Equality Between Women and Men still not finalized (see related findings under Automated Directives System 205 Laws, Policies, Regulations, and Institutional Practices; |
- High prevalence of GBV with limited government of Madagascar (GOM) prevention and response capacities;
- The preference for traditional medicine and birth practices endangers the lives of pregnant rural women.
- Stigmas related to sexual activity outside of marriage and insufficient information on the availability of health services are barriers to adolescent girls’ use of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. This situation often leads to early pregnancies and other negative impacts on their SRH.
- Stigmas related to Menstrual Hygiene faced by women and girls
- Social and cultural norms defining male and female roles, responsibilities, time use, and access to resources in Madagascar cause challenges that disproportionately impact women and girls across the DOs.
- Market-based approaches that engage the private sector have made health commodities available on a sustainable basis to the population and women in particular.
- Limited access to services and facilities because of cost and distance
- Gender norms related to negative masculinity also obstruct men's health-related well being
- Limited participation of women at the highest levels of decision-making in the health sector - Support implementation of the National Policy on Equality between Women and Men as an overarching guide for gender-equality integration into all relevant USAID/Madagascar sectors, ensuring gender mainstreaming is coherent and consistent among the policy and strategic documents in Madagascar.
- Expand and integrate GBV-prevention and response across mission activities in all sectors. This outreach should include additional shelters for GBV survivors nationwide, support for income- generating activities that target survivors, awareness-raising on women’s rights and resources, and training for implicated entities in the justice system (such as the police and judges,).
- Integrate social and behavior-change–communication activities across DOs to tackle the foundational social and cultural norms that underpin challenges disproportionately impacting women and girls. Include a focus on positive masculinities, engagement of men, and promoting the transformation of norms towards more gender-equal relationships.
- Partner with community health workers to establish protocols on when and how to refer expectant mothers to formal health care services.
- Provide comprehensive sexual education for male and female adolescents and youth through youth-friendly health centers.
- Engage private-sector actors in activities that transcend providing health and WASH commodities and services to the market to expand market-based approaches in health.
- Include social and behavior-change activities in all HPN-supported projects that promote positive masculinitiies and more-equal power dynamics between couples using critical reflection dialogu approaches.
- Integrate GBV prevention and response into all health, nutrition, and wash Programming
- Support integrated programs that include health, WASH, and nutrition (VSLAs, SILCs or links to IGAs into all health-related activities
Please add rows as needed ^^ Please add rows as needed ^^ Please add rows as needed ^^
| 2. Identifying gender gaps and activity action/plan: |
| The gender analysis will help the Mission identify gender challenges and inequalities across four dimensions: legal, cultural, roles, and access to assets.. It requires a contextual analysis and an explanation of the consequences if these challenges are not addressed. The analysis tool also requires a preliminary response of how the activity or project anticipates it will address the identified gender challenges and what are the risks or threat assumptions. |
| Aspects of challenges where women and men are encoutering inequalities | Issues/Causes of Gender Inequality | Risks and assumption of consequences to the activity’s implementation |
| What are the challenges that women and men face? | If these challenges remain not addressed, then what would be their effects on the activity? | |
| Legal rights (eg. property access, inheritage, democracy and governance, …) | - Law on Family planning and sexual reproductive rights (2017) not sufficiently disseminated |
Persistence of customary laws;
- Lack of awareness of provisions in favor of equality and equity on the part of women but also on the side of decision-makers
| - Difficulty accessing information among women | Low participation of women and girls in programs. Men will benefit more from the program developed, women will be left out) | |
| Community engagement (eg. local consultations and decision making, religious and cultural activities, rights and responsibilities in their community …) | - “culture shock” between program designers and local communities/leaders; |
- persistence of patriarchal culture;
- Women have quite no right to say in serious/important decisions to be taken
- Early marriage is another issue in Malagasy society: young girls do not have decision on health issuesbut their husbands have to take all decisions without consulting their wives. - Non-engagement of decision-makers in the implementation of gender promotion activities;
- Persistence of barriers which will in turn negatively impact program performance
| Domestic/ household rights, duties and influences (revenue expenditures and financial management, non-paid work consideration and commitments, received level of education, HH consultation and decision making,) |
| - Persistence of “toxic” masculinity, lack of investment in engagement and dialogue with men |
| The program becomes “gender blind” and is not inclusive |
| non-legal (factual) challenges related to access and control to/over assets and resources (economy, finances, physical and mental healthcare, information, opportunities, education and training, natural resources,...) |
| - Lack of engagement and consultation with women's group within the health commodities supply chain |
- Education level too low to be able to understand and choose best method fit for women
- Households too poor to be able to afford health commodities
- Health centers are most of the time too far form where families live
- insufficient number of Service proviedrs
- Quality issues of Service offered at health centers
- Access to health commodities (remote areas, availability and cost, existence of low quality health commodities) are among challenges living in rural and hard to reach areas face
| 3. Programming for gender integration |
| the highlighted findings from the previous section indicates the scope of activity to be implemented to address challenges and risks related to gender inequalities/ inequities. |
| Question | Answer (Yes / No) | If yes or No, justify |
| Is this activity/project intended to improve the legal framework regarding Gender Equality in Madagascar/Comoros? | YES | Support to the MOPH and Ministry of Population in the development and dissemination of laws in favor of gender equality, health rights (including the law SR/PF 2017-043) and the fight against GBV |
| Does this activity/project contribute to achieving the Gender Policy and strategy of the USAID? | YES | - USAID gender indexes are monitored and reported periodically, the program respects USAID gender frameworks |
- Indicators are sex disagregatted and reporting intersectionnality (YOUTH indicators)
- The activity will report on GEWE secondary key issues as well as GBV key issues
- The activity will conduct a detailed and comprehensive Gender Analysis in the begining of the implementation of the award
- The IP will engage a full time GESI Advisor to insure a transformative GESI integration throughout the activity implementation and MEL as well as in the reporting
| Does this activity/project contribute to reducing gender social stereotypes in the intervention zone(s)? (jobs, early forced marriage, household responsibilities and attribution, early school drop out) | YES | The activity places primary importance on SBC (social behavior change) activities for the reduction of these stereotypes and negative social norms |
| Does this activity/project help to increase self-confidence of Women and or Men? (political leadership and participation, maternal health, education and professional training) | YES | The activity will use mainstreamed approach to promote women's leadership within the workplace, the sector. |
| Does this activity/project favoritize women participation in community engagement? (freedom of expression, freedom of vote, political representation, | YES | The activity will use an intersectionnal approach to promote women's empowerment and equity in all aspects of its activities, including activities carried out at the community level. |
| Does this activity/project enhance gender equity in decision making and family representation? (time use in housework, child care, revenue, ) | YES | The activity will integrate Gender Equality in decision making and family representation into the program's SBC activities |
| Does this activity/project encourage women participation in informal economy development? (small business support such as grants or material contribution, entrepreneurship capacity building, informal saving and loans, connection to credit and microfinance) | YES | The activity has a major component dedicated to reducing economic barriers to health promotion: the SILC (Savings Internal Landing Communities). |
| Does this activity/project encourage an equitable access to quality and affordable health services including WASH? (eg: availability, proximity, fitting the need and comfort of girls and women, cost effective) | YES | Activities try to build the capacity of service providers through trainings, continuing training,..) improve vailability and accessibility of health commodities even to very hard to reach areas. Propose various methods fo contraceptive to women and men. |
| Does this activity/project promote an opportunity for marginalized and vulnerable groups to be included among the beneficiaries (eg: single mothers, youth, ethnic minorities, religious minorities) | YES | - The activity will intentionally take in consideration enabling environment for marginalized and vulnerable groups among beneficiaries through SBC activities; |
- Making Family Planning Health Commodities available in the market helps young women and women to choose the methods they want to adopt and at any time they want to do it
| Does this activity/project encourage capacity building for vulnerable groups? | YES | Through its SBC component, the activity will encourage capacity building for vulnerable groups |
| Does this activity/project contribute to economic growth of women and girls? | YES | - The activity has a major component dedicated to reducing economic barriers to health promotion: the SILC (Savings Internal Landing Communities). |
- The activity will support implementation of GESI beste practices in the commercial sector through partnership with financial institutions
- When girls and women are able to choose the number of children they want to have, it will contribute to the improvement of the economy by participating in the increase of the household's income, thus improve the production and consumption
| 4. Methodology of approach: |
| - Documentation: referring to existing studies, policies, strategic documents, findings |
- Conducting a survey: in case of existing materials are not enough to show evidence of gender analysis, a survey is useful to collect specific data and proceed to a further analysis
- Interview and focus group: brainstorming, one to one discussion with beneficiaries, implementing partners and stakeholders could also be another way to get engagement from marginalized entities.
| 5. Useful definitions: |
| - Women empowerment: when women and girls acquire the power to act freely, exercise their rights, and fulfill their potential as full and equal members of society |
- Gender integration : involves identifying, and then addressing, gender inequalities during strategy and project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Since the roles and power relations between men and women affect how an activity is implemented, it is essential that project managers address these issues on an ongoing basis.
- Gender analysis: subset of socio-economic analysis used to identify, understand and explain gaps between males and females that exist in households, communities, and countries.
6. Resources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EIfAmHoubj6rezA8OxqnuWF4CroB5ywVDg687wjTvqs/edit Gender Analysis
| YES | HPN | ||
| Name of Activity or Project: | Primary Health Care and District Systems Strengthening | NO | IDEA |
| Design Lead: | Azzah | OAA | |
| Office: | HPN | OFM |
| Guiding Context Questions | Answer | Guiding Activity Questions | Yes/No | If yes, how? If no, why not? | PO | |
| Legal Institutional Framework | SEED | |||||
| What are the legal and policy challenges that women and men face regarding legal rights? For example, property access, inheritage, acces to the judicial system. | ||||||
| - Law on Family planning and sexual reproductive rights (2017) not sufficiently disseminated |
Persistence of customary laws;
- Lack of awareness of provisions in favor of equality and equity on the part of women but also on the side of decision-makers
| - Difficulty accessing information among women | Is this activity/project intended to improve the legal framework regarding Gender Equality in Madagascar / Comoros? | YES | Support to the MOPH and Ministry of Population in the development and dissemination of laws in favor of gender equality, health rights (including the law SR/PF 2017-043) and the fight against GBV | ||
| If these challenges remain not addressed, then what would be their effects on the activity? | Low participation of women and girls in programs. Men will benefit more from the program developed, women will be left out) | YES | - USAID gender indexes are monitored and reported periodically, the program respects USAID gender frameworks |
- Indicators are sex disagregatted and reporting intersectionnality (YOUTH indicators)
- The activity will report on GEWE secondary key issues as well as GBV key issues
- The activity will conduct a detailed and comprehensive Gender Analysis in the begining of the implementation of the award
- The IP will engage a full time GESI Advisor to insure a transformative GESI integration throughout the activity implementation and MEL as well as in the reporting
| Cultural Norms and Beliefs | |
| What are the cutural, normative, and belief challenges that women and men face regarding community engagement. For example, local consultations and decision making, religious and cultural activities, rights and responsibilities in their community …) | - “culture shock” between program designers and local communities/leaders; |
- persistence of patriarchal culture;
- Women have quite no right to say in serious/important decisions to be taken
| - Early marriage is another issue in Malagasy society: young girls do not have decision on health issuesbut their husbands have to take all decisions without consulting their wives. | Does this activity/project contribute to reducing gender social stereotypes in the intervention zone(s)? (jobs, early forced marriage, household responsibilities and attribution, early school drop out) | YES | The activity places primary importance on SBC (social behavior change) activities for the reduction of these stereotypes and negative social norms | |||
| If these challenges remain not addressed, then what would be their effects on the activity? | ||||||
| - Non-engagement of decision-makers in the implementation of gender promotion activities; | ||||||
| - Persistence of barriers which will in turn negatively impact program performance | Does this activity/project help to increase self-confidence of Women and or Men? (political leadership and participation, maternal health, education and professional training) | YES | The activity will use mainstreamed approach to promote women's leadership within the workplace, the sector. | |||
| Does this activity/project favoritize women participation in community engagement? (freedom of expression, freedom of vote, political representation, | YES | The activity will use an intersectionnal approach to promote women's empowerment and equity in all aspects of its activities, including activities carried out at the community level. | ||||
| Gender roles, responsibilities, and time use, Power and Decision-making | ||||||
| What are the challenges that women and men face regarding to domestic/ household rights, duties and influences (revenue expenditures and financial management, non-paid work consideration and commitments, received level of education, HH consultation and decision making,) | - Persistence of “toxic” masculinity, lack of investment in engagement and dialogue with men | |||||
| Does this activity/project enhance gender equity in decision making and family representation? (time use in housework, child care, revenue, ) | YES | The activity will integrate Gender Equality in decision making and family representation into the program's SBC activities | ||||
| If these challenges remain not addressed, then what would be their effects on the activity? | The program becomes “gender blind” and is not inclusive | Does this activity/project encourage women participation in informal economy development? (small business support such as grants or material contribution, entrepreneurship capacity building, informal saving and loans, connection to credit and microfinance) | YES | The activity has a major component dedicated to reducing economic barriers to health promotion: the SILC (Savings Internal Landing Communities). | ||
| Access to and control over assets, resources/services and opportunities | ||||||
| What are the non-legal (factual) challenges that women and men face regarding access and control to/over assets and resources (economy, finances, physical and mental healthcare, information, opportunities, education and training, natural resources,...) | - Lack of engagement and consultation with women's group within the health commodities supply chain |
- Education level too low to be able to understand and choose best method fit for women
- Households too poor to be able to afford health commodities
- Health centers are most of the time too far form where families live
- insufficient number of Service proviedrs
- Quality issues of Service offered at health centers
| - Access to health commodities (remote areas, availability and cost, existence of low quality health commodities) are among challenges living in rural and hard to reach areas face | Does this activity/project encourage an equitable access to quality and affordable health services including WASH? (eg: availability, proximity, fitting the need and comfort of girls and women, cost effective) | YES | Activities try to build the capacity of service providers through trainings, continuing training,..) improve vailability and accessibility of health commodities even to very hard to reach areas. Propose various methods fo contraceptive to women and men. | |
| If these challenges remain not addressed, then what would be their effects on the activity? | Does this activity/project promote an opportunity for marginalized and vulnerable groups to be included among the beneficiaries (eg: single mothers, youth, ethnic minorities, religious minorities) | |||
| YES | - The activity will intentionally take in consideration enabling environment for marginalized and vulnerable groups among beneficiaries through SBC activities; |
- Making Family Planning Health Commodities available in the market helps young women and women to choose the methods they want to adopt and at any time they want to do it
| Does this activity/project encourage capacity building for vulnerable groups? | YES | Through its SBC component, the activity will encourage capacity building for vulnerable groups |
| Does this activity/project contribute to economic growth of women and girls? | YES | - The activity has a major component dedicated to reducing economic barriers to health promotion: the SILC (Savings Internal Landing Communities). |
- The activity will support implementation of GESI beste practices in the commercial sector through partnership with financial institutions
- When girls and women are able to choose the number of children they want to have, it will contribute to the improvement of the economy by participating in the increase of the household's income, thus improve the production and consumption
Linkage to CDCS Gender Analysis and Integration Recommendations:
| Development Objectives (DOs) | Challenges | Recommendation |
| DO1 : Improved Human Capacity to Contribute to the Country's Journey to Self-Reliance | - National Policy on Equality Between Women and Men still not finalized (see related findings under Automated Directives System 205 Laws, Policies, Regulations, and Institutional Practices; |
- High prevalence of GBV with limited government of Madagascar (GOM) prevention and response capacities;
- The preference for traditional medicine and birth practices endangers the lives of pregnant rural women.
- Stigmas related to sexual activity outside of marriage and insufficient information on the availability of health services are barriers to adolescent girls’ use of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. This situation often leads to early pregnancies and other negative impacts on their SRH.
- Stigmas related to Menstrual Hygiene faced by women and girls
- Social and cultural norms defining male and female roles, responsibilities, time use, and access to resources in Madagascar cause challenges that disproportionately impact women and girls across the DOs.
- Market-based approaches that engage the private sector have made health commodities available on a sustainable basis to the population and women in particular.
- Limited access to services and facilities because of cost and distance
- Gender norms related to negative masculinity also obstruct men's health-related well being
- Limited participation of women at the highest levels of decision-making in the health sector - Support implementation of the National Policy on Equality between Women and Men as an overarching guide for gender-equality integration into all relevant USAID/Madagascar sectors, ensuring gender mainstreaming is coherent and consistent among the policy and strategic documents in Madagascar.
- Expand and integrate GBV-prevention and response across mission activities in all sectors. This outreach should include additional shelters for GBV survivors nationwide, support for income- generating activities that target survivors, awareness-raising on women’s rights and resources, and training for implicated entities in the justice system (such as the police and judges,).
- Integrate social and behavior-change–communication activities across DOs to tackle the foundational social and cultural norms that underpin challenges disproportionately impacting women and girls. Include a focus on positive masculinities, engagement of men, and promoting the transformation of norms towards more gender-equal relationships.
- Partner with community health workers to establish protocols on when and how to refer expectant mothers to formal health care services.
- Provide comprehensive sexual education for male and female adolescents and youth through youth-friendly health centers.
- Engage private-sector actors in activities that transcend providing health and WASH commodities and services to the market to expand market-based approaches in health.
- Include social and behavior-change activities in all HPN-supported projects that promote positive masculinitiies and more-equal power dynamics between couples using critical reflection dialogu approaches.
- Integrate GBV prevention and response into all health, nutrition, and wash Programming
- Support integrated programs that include health, WASH, and nutrition (VSLAs, SILCs or links to IGAs into all health-related activities https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EIfAmHoubj6rezA8OxqnuWF4CroB5ywVDg687wjTvqs/edit
File details come from the government source that posted it. Updated .