p385_64 (1).pdf

Department of the Army Pamphlet 385–64

Safety

Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards

Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 24 May 2011

Rapid Action Revision (RAR) Issue Date: 10 October 2013

UNCLASSIFIED

SUMMARY of CHANGE

DA PAM 385–64

Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards

This rapid action, dated 10 October 2013--o Updates mandatory and suggested Army explosive safety courses for military and civilian personnel (fig 1-1).

o Makes administrative changes (throughout).

Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 24 May 2011

Safety

Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards

*Department of the Army Pamphlet 385–64

History. This publication is a rapid action r e v i s i o n . T h i s r a p i d a c t i o n r e v i s i o n i s effected (10 October 2013). The portions affected by this rapid action revision are listed in the summary of change.

S u m m a r y . T h i s p a m p h l e t p r e s c r i b e s Army policy on ammunition and explo-sives (also referred to as military muni-tions) safety standards. It implements the s a f e t y r e q u i r e m e n t s o f D O D M 6 0 5 5 .

09–M.

Applicability. This pamphlet applies to t h e a c t i v e A r m y , t h e A r m y N a t i o n a l

Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and the U.S. Army Reserve, unless o t h e r w i s e s t a t e d . I t a l s o a p p l i e s t o a l l Army civilian personnel in a duty status, on or off a DOD installation; and to all persons at any time on an Army installa-tion. DOD military munitions under U.S.

title, even though stored in a host country, r e m a i n t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f t h e U . S .

Commander. Storage will conform with Army standards for explosives safety un-less the use of more stringent criteria has been agreed to or is mandatory. This pam-p h l e t i s a p p l i c a b l e d u r i n g f u l l mobilization.

Proponent and exception authority.

The proponent of this pamphlet is the Di-rector, Army Staff. The proponent has the a u t h o r i t y t o a p p r o v e e x c e p t i o n s t o t h i s pamphlet that are consistent with applica-ble controlling laws and regulations. The proponent has delegated approval author-ity to a division chief within the propo-nent agency or its direct reporting unit or field operating agency, in the grade of colonel or the civilian equivalent. Activi-ties may request a waiver to this pamphlet by providing justification that includes a full analysis of the expected benefits and must include formal review by the activi-ty’s senior legal officer. All waiver re-quests will be endorsed by the command or senior leader of the requesting activity and forwarded through their higher head-quarters to the policy proponent. Refer to AR 25–30 for specific guidance.

S u g g e s t e d i m p r o v e m e n t s . U s e r s o f this regulation are invited to send com-m e n t s a n d s u g g e s t e d i m p r o v e m e n t s o n DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) directly to Office of the Director, Army Safety

(DACS–SF).

Distribution. This publication is availa-ble in electronic media only and is in-tended for command levels A, B, C, D, and E for the active Army, the Army Na-tional Guard/Army National Guard of the U n i t e d S t a t e s , a n d t h e U . S . A r m y Reserve.

Contents (Listed by paragraph and page number)

Chapter 1 Explosives Safety Program Management, page 1 Purpose • 1–1, page 1 References • 1–2, page 1 Explanation of abbreviations and terms • 1–3, page 1 Provisions • 1–4, page 1 Explosives safety management programs • 1–5, page 1 Functions of safety managers • 1–6, page 2 Explosives safety support • 1–7, page 3 Explosives safety training • 1–8, page 4 Explosives safety inspections • 1–9, page 6 Ammunition and explosive transportation surveys • 1–10, page 7 Garrison or installation ammunition and explosive location maps • 1–11, page 7

*This pamphlet supersedes DA Pam 385–64, dated 15 December 1999. This edition publishes a rapid action revision of DA Pam 385–64.

DA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011/RAR 10 October 2013 i

UNCLASSIFIED

Contents—Continued

Operational range safety • 1–12, page 7 Certificates of risk acceptance • 1–13, page 7

Chapter 2 General Safety, page 12 Imminent danger • 2–1, page 12 Hazard analysis and risk assessment • 2–2, page 12 Personnel qualifications • 2–3, page 13 Use of written procedures • 2–4, page 13 Personnel and explosives limits • 2–5, page 13 Handling and movement precautions • 2–6, page 14 Housekeeping • 2–7, page 14 Testing, disassembly, and modification of ammunition and explosive • 2–8, page 15 Explosive ordnance disposal training aids • 2–9, page 16 Field safety • 2–10, page 16 Rod and gun clubs • 2–11, page 16 Public demonstrations, exhibitions, and celebrations • 2–12, page 17 Static or public display • 2–13, page 17 Explosives training aids for military working dogs • 2–14, page 18 Outdoor recreational and cultural activities • 2–15, page 18 Unexploded ordnance safety education • 2–16, page 18 Material handling equipment • 2–17, page 18 Amnesty • 2–18, page 20

Chapter 3 Principles of Ammunition and Explosive Storage, page 21 General requirements • 3–1, page 21 Magazine storage of ammunition and explosive • 3–2, page 22 Outdoor storage • 3–3, page 25 Storage of specific types of ammunition and explosive • 3–4, page 25 Inert or dummy ammunition and explosive • 3–5, page 27 Modifications of ammunition and explosive and ammunition and explosive-related equipment for reuse • 3–6, Unserviceable ammunition and explosive • 3–7, page 28 Storage of captured enemy ammunition • 3–8, page 28 Chemical munitions (ammunition and explosive) • 3–9, page 29 Chemical Group B chemical agents • 3–10, page 30 Storage of Chemical Group B chemical munitions • 3–11, page 30 First aid for Chemical Group B chemical agents • 3–12, page 31 Leaking Chemical Group B munitions and containers • 3–13, page 31 Removal of spilled Chemical Group B agent • 3–14, page 31 Fire in magazines containing Chemical Group B agent munitions • 3–15, page 31 Chemical Group C fills • 3–16, page 31 Storage for Chemical Group C munitions • 3–17, page 31 Leaking Chemical Group C munitions • 3–18, page 32 Removal of Chemical Group C chemical contamination • 3–19, page 32 Fire in a magazine containing Chemical Group C munitions • 3–20, page 32 Chemical Group D chemical fills • 3–21, page 33 Storage of Chemical Group D munitions • 3–22, page 33 Special protective equipment for Chemical Group D munitions • 3–23, page 33 First aid for Chemical Group D chemicals • 3–24, page 33 Leaking Chemical Group D munitions • 3–25, page 33 Fire in magazine containing Chemical Group D munitions • 3–26, page 33 Termination of use of facilities storing ammunition and explosives • 3–27, page 33 ii DA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011

Chapter 4 Safety Site Planning, page 34 Explosives and toxic chemical safety site plans • 4–1, page 34 Explosives safety site plan contents • 4–2, page 36

Chapter 5 Explosives Licensing, page 36 Explosives licenses • 5–1, page 36 Procedures • 5–2, page 36 Required information • 5–3, page 37

Chapter 6 Fire Prevention, Protection, and Suppression, page 37 Fire prevention management • 6–1, page 37 Instructions for fighting fires involving ammunition or explosives • 6–2, page 37 Smoking • 6–3, page 38 Training • 6–4, page 38 Fire drills • 6–5, page 38 Fire exit drills • 6–6, page 38 Alarms • 6–7, page 39 Fire prevention requirements • 6–8, page 39 Firebreaks • 6–9, page 41 Auxiliary firefighting equipment - fire extinguishers • 6–10, page 41 Storage of water for firefighting • 6–11, page 41 Public withdrawal distances • 6–12, page 41 Firefighting guidance symbols • 6–13, page 42 Posting fire symbols • 6–14, page 47 Exceptions on posting fire symbols • 6–15, page 47 Posting chemical hazard symbols • 6–16, page 47 Procedures for chemical agents and other toxic substances • 6–17, page 47 Automatic sprinkler systems • 6–18, page 47 Deluge systems for explosives operations • 6–19, page 48 Emergency planning • 6–20, page 50

Chapter 7 Hazard Classification and Compatibility Groups, page 52 Explosives hazard classification procedures • 7–1, page 52 Storage principles • 7–2, page 53 Mixed storage • 7–3, page 53 Compatibility groups • 7–4, page 54 Extremely insensitive detonating substance and ammunition • 7–5, page 55 Class 1 or 6 chemical agent hazards or combined chemical agent and explosives hazards • 7–6, page 55 Underground storage • 7–7, page 55

Chapter 8 Explosives safety Separation Distance (Quantity-Distance), page 57 Explosives quantity-distance • 8–1, page 57 Quantity-distance exceptions • 8–2, page 58 Arms room storage • 8–3, page 59 Structural response to blast • 8–4, page 59 Substantial dividing walls • 8–5, page 64 Calculation of explosives quantity • 8–6, page 64 Net explosive weight for mixed hazard class/division • 8–7, page 64 Calculating quantity distance for two or more potential explosion sites • 8–8, page 65 Quantity distance relationships of DOD components • 8–9, page 66 iiiDA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011

Criteria for Non-DOD Explosives Activities (AE Operations and Storage) on U.S. Army Garrisons or installations

• 8–10, page 66

Subdivision of explosives quantities • 8–11, page 67 Interpolation and extrapolation • 8–12, page 67 Measuring distance • 8–13, page 67 Ammunition and explosives risk • 8–14, page 68 Blast considerations • 8–15, page 68 Magazine requirements and orientation • 8–16, page 69 Exposed site • 8–17, page 75 Blast tables for HD 1.1 ammunition and explosives • 8–18, page 81 Fragments • 8–19, page 81 Hazard division 1.1 fragments • 8–20, page 81 Firebrands • 8–21, page 99 Moderate fire producing • 8–22, page 101 Extremely insensitive ammunition and explosives • 8–23, page 101 Propulsive units • 8–24, page 103 The same Multiple operations in single building • 8–25, page 103 Public traffic routes • 8–26, page 103 Transportation mode change locations • 8–27, page 104 Remote operations (see glossary) • 8–28, page 104 Range operations • 8–29, page 114 Explosive ordnance disposal operations • 8–30, page 119 Demilitarization processing equipment and operations for expended .50–caliber and smaller cartridge casings • 8–31, Airfields, heliports, and seadromes • 8–32, page 120 Pier and wharf facilities • 8–33, page 123

Chapter 9 Explosives Safety in Military Contingency Operations, page 129 Applicability of provisions outside the United States • 9–1, page 129 Site plan and licensing process • 9–2, page 130 Asset preservation distances • 9–3, page 130 Basic load ammunition holding areas • 9–4, page 130 Combat load storage in other than BLAHAs • 9–5, page 134 Vehicle and equipment maintenance • 9–6, page 135 Fire prevention • 9–7, page 135 Surveillance • 9–8, page 135 Storage • 9–9, page 135 Combat load storage ammunition holding areas in the United States • 9–10, page 135 General requirements for training operations • 9–11, page 136 Upload exercises • 9–12, page 136 Combat configured loads • 9–13, page 136 Aviation operations at basic load ammunition holding areas • 9–14, page 137 Forward area rearm and refuel points • 9–15, page 137 Airfield operations • 9–16, page 137 Static missile battery separation • 9–17, page 141 Separation from fuel • 9–18, page 142

Chapter 10 Wartime Operations, page 142 General requirements • 10–1, page 142 Theater and corps ammunition storage areas • 10–2, page 143 Storage at the ammunition supply points and ammunition transfer points • 10–3, page 143 Short-term ammunition transfer points storage • 10–4, page 144 Field storage and handling areas • 10–5, page 144 iv DA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011

Transportation within the theater of operations • 10–6, page 144 Modular storage • 10–7, page 145 Policy for captured enemy ammunition and explosives • 10–8, page 145 Standards and procedures for safe handling, transportation, storage, and disposal of captured enemy ammunition

• 10–9, page 145 Ammunition turn-in at the cessation of hostilities • 10–10, page 147 Emergency destruction of ammunition • 10–11, page 148

Chapter 11 Underground Storage, page 150 Underground storage • 11–1, page 150 Design of underground storage facilities • 11–2, page 151 Explosion effects in underground storage sites • 11–3, page 152 Protection provided • 11–4, page 152 Chamber separation requirements • 11–5, page 152 Chamber cover thickness • 11–6, page 153 External quantity-distance determinations • 11–7, page 153

Chapter 12 Energetic Liquids, page 168 Energetic liquids • 12–1, page 168 Determination of energetic liquids quantity • 12–2, page 168 Measurement of separation distances • 12–3, page 168 Hazard classification of energetic liquids • 12–4, page 168 Specific hazardous locations • 12–5, page 169 Contaminated energetic liquids • 12–6, page 171

Chapter 13 Military Working Dog Explosives Search Training, page 178 General • 13–1, page 178 Safety precautions • 13–2, page 178

Chapter 14 Maintenance of Ammunition and explosives, page 179 General information • 14–1, page 179 Safety requirements • 14–2, page 179 Operational shields • 14–3, page 180 Equipment for shielded operations • 14–4, page 182 Tools, equipment, and supplies • 14–5, page 182 Protection of primers • 14–6, page 182 Cleaning ammunition • 14–7, page 182 Spray painting • 14–8, page 182 Electrostatic paint spraying and detearing of inert items in nonhazardous locations • 14–9, page 183 Infrared ray drying • 14–10, page 183 Drying freshly painted loaded ammunition • 14–11, page 184 Heat sealing equipment • 14–12, page 184 Soldering containers • 14–13, page 184 Thread cleaning • 14–14, page 184 Inert scrap components and packaging materials • 14–15, page 184 Sand or shot blasting operations • 14–16, page 185 Location of sand or shot blasting operations in explosives storage areas • 14–17, page 185 Sand or shot blasting operations within a building in an operating line • 14–18, page 186 Electrical testing of ammunition and ammunition components • 14–19, page 186 Profile and alignment gaging operations • 14–20, page 186 Collection of explosives dusts • 14–21, page 186 vDA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011

Location of collection chambers • 14–22, page 187 Design and operation of collection systems • 14–23, page 187 Solid propellant collection • 14–24, page 188 Destruction of solid wastes • 14–25, page 189 Assembly and crimping of complete rounds • 14–26, page 189 Rotational speeds for equipment used in field ammunition operations • 14–27, page 189 Machining of explosives • 14–28, page 189 Operational shields for munitions loading • 14–29, page 190

Chapter 15 Demilitarization, page 190 Demilitarization • 15–1, page 190 Methods • 15–2, page 191 Safety precautions • 15–3, page 191 Site selection for burning or demolition grounds • 15–4, page 191 Burning sites • 15–5, page 191

Chapter 16 Construction, page 192 Construction considerations • 16–1, page 192 Buildings • 16–2, page 192 Interior finishes and floors • 16–3, page 193 Firewalls • 16–4, page 193 Building exits • 16–5, page 193 Safety chutes • 16–6, page 193 Emergency exits and fire escapes • 16–7, page 193 Stairways • 16–8, page 193 Fixed ladders • 16–9, page 193 Platforms, runways, and railings • 16–10, page 193 Passageways • 16–11, page 193 Roads, walks, and gates • 16–12, page 193 Windows and skylights • 16–13, page 194 Drains and sumps • 16–14, page 195 Hardware • 16–15, page 195 Tunnels • 16–16, page 195 Powerhouse equipment • 16–17, page 195 Refrigeration • 16–18, page 195 Laundries • 16–19, page 195 Steam for processing and heating • 16–20, page 195 Ventilation • 16–21, page 196 Electrical equipment • 16–22, page 196 Collection of explosives dusts • 16–23, page 196 Automatic sprinkler systems • 16–24, page 197 Barricades and earth cover for magazines • 16–25, page 197 Policy on protective construction • 16–26, page 201 Strengthening (hardening of buildings) • 16–27, page 202 Substantial dividing walls • 16–28, page 202

Chapter 17 Electrical Hazards and Protection, page 204

Section I Electrical Service and Equipment, page 204 Overview • 17–1, page 204 Hazardous locations • 17–2, page 204 vi DA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011

Approved equipment • 17–3, page 206 Maintenance of electrical equipment • 17–4, page 206 Electrical service lines in explosives areas • 17–5, page 206 Electrical motors for hazardous locations • 17–6, page 207 Portable lighting systems • 17–7, page 207 Permanent lighting for storage magazines • 17–8, page 207 Flexible cords • 17–9, page 207

Section II Static electricity, page 207 Static electricity charge dissipation subsystem • 17–10, page 207 Ordnance grounds (static grounds) • 17–11, page 211 Instrument grounds • 17–12, page 211

Section III Grounding, page 211 Explosives facility grounding • 17–13, page 211 Earth electrode subsystem • 17–14, page 212 Hazards of electromagnetic radiation to electroexplosive devices • 17–15, page 218

Section IV Lightning Protection, page 222 Fundamental principles of lightning protection • 17–16, page 222 Locations requiring an lightning protection system • 17–17, page 222 Locations not requiring lightning protection • 17–18, page 223 Requirements for lightning protection systems • 17–19, page 223 Types of lightning protection systems • 17–20, page 224 General prohibitions • 17–21, page 225 Bonding • 17–22, page 225 Lightning warning systems • 17–23, page 226 Structural grounds • 17–24, page 226 Grounding • 17–25, page 226 Surge protection • 17–26, page 226 Visual inspection requirements • 17–27, page 227 Electrical testing requirements • 17–28, page 227 Records • 17–29, page 227 Truck holding areas • 17–30, page 227 Lightning protection for empty facilities • 17–31, page 227

Chapter 18 Special storage procedures for waste military munitions, page 229 Scope and applicability • 18–1, page 229 Certificates of risk, acceptance, waivers, and exemptions • 18–2, page 229 Requirements for storage of waste military munitions under conditional exemption • 18–3, page 229 Other storage standards • 18–4, page 230 Reporting • 18–5, page 230 Closure of facilities storing waste munitions under CE • 18–6, page 231 Closure of facilities storing waste military munitions under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act • 18–7, Chapter 19 Real Property Known or Suspected to Contain Munitions and Explosives of Concern, page 231 General • 19–1, page 231 Purpose and scope • 19–2, page 231 Identification and control of areas known or suspected to contain munitions and explosives of concern • 19–3, viiDA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011

Identification and control of munitions response site known or suspected to contain munitions and explosives of concern at formerly used defense sites • 19–4, page 233

General explosives safety principles for munitions responses to munitions and explosives of concern • 19–5, Special considerations • 19–6, page 234 Real property (buildings and installed equipment) • 19–7, page 236 Submunitions with an high explosive fill • 19–8, page 247 Unexploded ordnance • 19–9, page 248 Firefighting in areas known or suspected to contain munitions and explosives of concern • 19–10, page 249 Controlled burns in areas known or suspected to contain munitions and explosives of concern • 19–11, page 249 Quantity-distance criteria for munitions response actions • 19–12, page 250 DOD required safety submissions • 19–13, page 252 DOD required safety submissions for munitions responses to munitions and explosives of concern • 19–14, page 253 “No DOD action indicated” or “no further action” MRESS • 19–15, page 253 TCRA MRESS • 19–16, page 253 Explosives safety site plan for surface or intrusive investigation in support of a munitions response to MEC • 19–17, Construction support munitions response explosives safety submission • 19–18, page 254 Selected munitions response munitions response explosives safety submission • 19–19, page 254 Amendments and corrections to munitions response explosives safety submission and site plans • 19–20, page 256 After action reports • 19–21, page 257 Transfer or lease of real property • 19–22, page 257 Change of use of real property • 19–23, page 258

Chapter 20 Transportation of Ammunition and Explosives, page 258

Section I General Requirements, page 258 General information • 20–1, page 258 Certification of personnel involved with transportation • 20–2, page 258 Hazard classification • 20–3, page 258 Preparation for shipment • 20–4, page 258 Compatibility of explosives in transportation • 20–5, page 259 Vehicle general safety requirements • 20–6, page 259 Inbound motor shipment of ammunition and explosives • 20–7, page 259 Outbound motor shipment of ammunition and explosives • 20–8, page 260 Secure holding area for explosive shipments • 20–9, page 260 On-post explosives movements • 20–10, page 260 Passengers in or on Government vehicles transporting explosives • 20–11, page 261

Section II Rail, Air, and Water Transport, page 261 Railroad transportation • 20–12, page 261 Air transportation • 20–13, page 262 Water transportation • 20–14, page 263

Chapter 21 Storage and handling of commercial explosives, page 263 Background • 21–1, page 263 Use • 21–2, page 264 Procedures • 21–3, page 264 Commercial dynamite • 21–4, page 264

Appendixes

A. References, page 266 viii DA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011

B. Earth Electrode Subsystem Test and Inspection, page 272

C. Inspection and Test of Static Electricity Charge Dissipation Subsystem, page 278

D. Inspection and Test of Lightning Protection Subsystems, page 280

E. Field Expedient Grounding Techniques, page 281

F. Safe Conveyor Separation for Ammunition/Explosives, page 282

G. Standard designs for explosives facilities, page 288

H. The 100–Foot Zone of Protection, page 290

Table List

Table 1–1: List of explosives safety standard tables and locations, page 8 Table 2–2: Probabilities for common ammunition and explosive activities and environments, page 12 Table 3–1: Quantity distance for captured enemy ammunition field storage and handling areas, page 29 Table 6–1: Extinguishing agents for fires, page 50 Table 6–2: Fire symbol hazards and actions, page 51 Table 6–3: Emergency withdrawal distances for nonessential personnel, page 51 Table 6–4: Fire divisions and associated hazards, page 52 Table 6–5: Fire division symbols, page 52 Table 6–6: Chemical agents and fillers contained in ammunition and the chemical hazard symbols required in storage, page 52 Table 7–1: Storage compatibility groups, page 54 Table 7–2: Storage compatibility mixing chart, page 55 Table 7–3: Extremely insensitive detonating substance ammunition hazard divisions, page 56 Table 7–4: Quantity-distance criteria for configuration of hazard division 1.6 components and assemblies with other hazard division components, page 57 Table 8–1: Safe separation distances and expected severities (HD 1.1), page 60 Table 8–2: Mixing of hazard divisions for quantity-distance computations, page 64 Table 8–3: Criteria for Non-DOD explosives activities on U.S. Army garrisons or installations, page 67 Table 8–4: Measuring distance from exposed site, page 67 Table 8–5: Type of exposed sites and safe separation distance required, page 76 Table 8–6: QD for unprotected aboveground service tanks supporting explosives storage or operating complexes, Table 8–7: HD 1.1 IBD and PTRD, page 82 Table 8–8: HD 1.1 ILD from PESs other than earth-covered magazines, page 84 Table 8–9: HD 1.1 ILD from earth-covered magazines to the ES, page 85 Table 8–10: HD 1.1 intermagazine hazard factors and distances, page 88 Table 8–11: Intermagazine separation for barricaded storage modules for mass detonating explosives, page 90 Table 8–12: HD 1.1 Hazardous Fragment Distances, page 90 Table 8–13: Examples of where minimum fragment distance or firebrand distance is required, page 91 Table 8–14: Examples when minimum fragment and firebrand distances need not be applied, page 91 Table 8–15: Hazardous fragment distances for open stacks of selected hazard division 1.1 items, page 92 Table 8–16: Unknown Fragment Distance for HD 1.1, page 93 Table 8–17: HD 1.2.1, 1.2.2, and 1.2.3 Mixing Rules, page 95 Table 8–18: Summary of HD 1.2.1, 1.2.2 and 1.2.3 Quantity-Distance Requirements, page 95 Table 8–19: HD 1.2.1 IBD, PTRD, and ILD QD, page 97 Table 8–20: Minimum fragment distances for HD 1.2.1 items stored in structures, which can contribute to the debris hazard, page 98 Table 8–21: HD 1.2.2 IBD, PTRD, and ILD QD, page 99 Table 8–22: Firebrand distances for HD 1.3 QD, page 100 Table 8–23: Mass Fire Producing - HD 1.4 Ammunition and Explosives, page 102 Table 8–24: QD distances for HD 1.6 ammunition, page 102 ixDA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011

Table 8–25: Thermal flux calculations, page 106 Table 8–26: Impulse noise protection decision table, page 106 Table 8–27: Impulse noise zones measured in feet from intentional detonations, page 108 Table 8–28: Impulse noise B-duration (estimated for various NEWs and distances) (See notes 1 thru 5 below), Table 8–29: Impulse noise zones and required protections with maximum permissible number of detonations per day, Table 8–30: Default maximum case maximum fragment distances versus diameter for international detonations (see notes 1 - 6 below), page 115 Table 8–31: Maximum case fragment ranges for selected single item detonations (see notes 1 thru 3 below), Table 8–32: Required blast overpressure protection distance in feet for nonessential personnel at ranges used for detonating ammunition for demilitarization, demonstration, or explosives ordnance disposal, page 119 Table 8–33: Quantity-distance application for airfields, page 121 Table 8–34: HD 1.1 QD for military aircraft parking areas, page 122 Table 8–35: Measurement of separation distances for ships, piers, and anchorages, page 124 Table 8–36: Quantity-distance for maritime prepositioning ships, page 125 Table 8–37: Application of port facilities quantity-distance, page 127 Table 8–38: Quantity-distance separation of ships, page 128 Table 8–39: Variation of MPS quantity-distance factors with loadout, page 128 Table 8–40: Quantity-distance separations for pier and wharf facilities (NEW in million pound increments), page 128 Table 9–1: Quantity-distance for armored vehicles, page 134 Table 9–2: Minimum hazard factor for hardened aircraft shelters for propagation prevention, page 138 Table 9–3: Minimum hazard factor for hardened aircraft shelters for asset prevention, page 139 Table 9–4: Quantity-distance from a U.S. third-generation hardened aircraft shelter potential explosion site to an unhardened exposed site, page 140 Table 9–5: Quantity-distance for asset preservation at airfields, page 140 Table 10–1: Wartime compatibility chart, page 148 Table 10–2: Quantity distance for field storage and handling areas, page 149 Table 10–3: HD 1.1 quantity distance requirements using minimum separation and asset preservation criteria, Table 11–1: External quantity-distance determinations for HD 1.1 and 1.3 materials, page 157 Table 11–2: Chamber separation, page 158 Table 11–3: Distance to protect against ground shock, page 159 Table 11–4: Distance to protect against hard rock debris, page 161 Table 11–5: Distance to protect against soft rock debris, page 162 Table 11–6: Functions of loading density, page 163 Table 11–7: Values for Ratio DHYD/VE1/2.8, page 164 Table 11–8: Scaled inhabited building distance for airblast without mitigating, page 165 Table 11–9: Distance versus overpressure along the centerline, page 166 Table 11–10: Inhabited building distance distances to protect against airblast, page 167 Table 12–1: Energetic liquid compatibility group, page 169 Table 12–2: Hazard classification and minimum quantity distance for energetic liquids, page 171 Table 12–3: Factors to use when converting gallons of energetic liquids into pounds, page 172 Table 12–4: Energetic liquid explosive equivalents |5, page 173 Table 12–5: Quantity-distance criteria for Occupational Safety and Health Administration/National Fire and

Protection Association Class I - III flammable and combustible energetic liquids storage in detached buildings or tanks, page 174

Table 12–6: Quantity-distance criteria for energetic liquid oxidizer (excluding liquid oxygen) storage in detached buildings or tanks, page 174

Table 12–7: Quantity-distance criteria for liquid oxygen, page 175 Table 17–1: Grounding system inspection and test requirements, page 220 Table 17–2: Ground rod quantity requirements, page 221 Table 17–3: Minimum safe distance from transmitter antennas, page 221 Table 17–4: Lightning protection systems, page 228 x DA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011

Table 19–1: Absorption of explosives as a function of type of material and phase of explosive, page 244 Table 19–2: DOD required safety submissions, page 253 Table 21–1: Turning of commercial dynamite, page 265 Table B–1: Test probe C and P distances, page 277 Table F–1: Safe conveyor spacing, page 282

Figure List

Figure 1–1: Army explosives safety courses (applicable to military and civilian personnel), page 5 Figure 1–1: Army explosives safety courses (applicable to military and civilian personnel) 1, 2, 3, 4—continued, Figure 2–1: Severity Chart: Blast and fragmentation effects to exposed sites/personnel, page 13 Figure 6–1: Fire symbols, page 43 Figure 6–2: Chemical hazard symbols, page 45 Figure 6–3: Chemical hazards symbols and actions, page 46 Figure 8–1: Classification of ammunition and explosives, page 58 Figure 8–2: Typical Eight-Cell Open Storage Module, page 63 Figure 8–3: Example of Multiple Potential Explosion Sites, page 66 Figure 8–4: Magazine Orientation - Explanation of sectors, page 70 Figure 8–4: Magazine Orientation - Public traffic rout exposure–Continued, page 71 Figure 8–4: Magazine Orientation - Alternating side-to-side exposure–Continued, page 71 Figure 8–4: Magazine Orientation - Multi-magazine exposure–Continued, page 72 Figure 8–4: Magazine Orientation - Angle side-to-side exposure–Continued, page 72 Figure 8–4: Magazine Orientation - Front to side exposure–Continued, page 73 Figure 8–4: Magazine Orientation - Front-to-front exposure–Continued, page 74 Figure 8–4: Magazine Orientation - Multifaceted ECM exposures–Continued, page 75 Figure 8–5: HQ 1.1 guide for intermagazine distance, page 87 Figure 8–6: Example of sparsely populated locations, page 105 Figure 8–7: Impulse noise zones from intentional detonations, page 107 Figure 8–8: Explosives anchorage circle, page 125 Figure 8–9: Hazard factors affecting explosives ship and barge QD, page 126 Figure 9–1: Quantity-distance table for basic load ammunition holding areas, page 133 Figure 9–1: Quantity-distance table for basic load ammunition holding areas–Continued, page 134 Figure 9–2: Hardened aircraft shelter as an exposed site, page 141 Figure 9–3: Hardened aircraft shelter as a potential explosion site, page 141 Figure 11–1: Typical underground facilities, page 151 Figure 11–2: Constant pressure contour, page 154 Figure 11–3: Debris dispersal functions, page 155 Figure 11–4: Effective overpressure at the opening, page 166 Figure 11–5: Allowable overpressure at inhabited building distance, page 166 Figure 12–1: Quantity-distance criteria for liquid hydrogen and bulk quantities of hydrazines, page 176 Figure 12–1: Quantity-distance criteria for liquid hydrogen and bulk quantities of hydrazines 1-continued, page 177 Figure 12–1: Quantity-distance criteria for liquid hydrogen and bulk quantities of hydrazines 1-continued, page 178 Figure 16–1: Determination of barricade height, page 198 Figure 16–2: Determination of barricade length, page 199 Figure 16–3: Barricade locations, page 200 Figure 16–4: Sensitivity groups, page 203 Figure 17–1: Typical ground rod installation, page 213 Figure 17–2: Typical multiple ground rod installation, page 214 Figure 17–3: Typical ground loop installation, page 214 Figure 17–4: U.S. Navy designed earth electrode subsystem, page 215 Figure 17–5: Typical grid installation, page 216 Figure 17–6: Typical radial installation, page 217 Figure 17–7: Typical buried plates or cones installation, page 218 Figure 17–8: Safe separation distance equations, page 222 xiDA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011

Figure 17–9: Alternate grounding methods for overhead ground wire protection, page 225 Figure 19–1: Phase and extent of explosives residues, page 238 Figure 19–1: Phase and extent of explosives residues—continued, page 239 Figure 19–1: Phase and extent of explosives residues—continued, page 240 Figure 19–1: Phase and extent of explosives residues—continued, page 241 Figure 19–1: Phase and extent of explosives residues—continued, page 242 Figure 19–1: Phase and extent of explosives residues—continued, page 243 Figure B–1: Measurement of soil resistance, page 274 Figure B–2: Resistance determination of a small site, page 275 Figure B–3: Fall of potential method for measuring the resistance of earth electrodes, page 276 Figure B–4: Fall of potential resistance to earth test, page 277 Figure D–1: Testing lightning protection systems, page 281 Figure H–1: Zone of Protection Test, page 291 Figure H–2: Zone of protection for integral systems, page 291 Figure H–3: Illustrated zone of protection, page 292 Figure H–4: Zone of protection geometric concept, page 293 Figure H–5: Adequate protection not penetrating earth cover, page 294 Figure H–6: Adequate protection penetrating earth cover, page 294 Figure H–7: Inadequate protection penetrating earth cover, page 295

Glossary xii DA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011

Chapter 1 Explosives Safety Program Management

1–1. Purpose This pamphlet explains the Army’s safety criteria and standards for operations involving ammunition and explosives (AE) (also referred to as Military Munitions) prescribed by AR 385–10, DOD Directive (DODD) 6055.9E, and DODM 6055.09–M for the U.S. Army, and Government-owned, contractor-operated facilities and property.

1–2. References Required and related publications and prescribed and referenced forms are listed in appendix A. DA Form 7632 (Certificate of Risk Acceptance), will be referred to as acronym “CORA” throughout this publication.

1–3. Explanation of abbreviations and terms Abbreviations and special terms used in this pamphlet are explained in the glossary.

1–4. Provisions T h i s p a m p h l e t i n c l u d e s m a n d a t o r y p r o c e d u r e s a n d g u i d a n c e a s w e l l a s p r e f e r r e d a n d a c c e p t a b l e m e t h o d s o f accomplishment.

a. The words “shall,” “will,” and “must” are used to state mandatory requirements. Deviation from these provisions requires a DA Form 7632 per provisions of AR 385–10 and DA Pamphlet (DA Pam) 385–30.

b. The word “should” indicates an optional or preferred method of accomplishment. Deviation from these provisions requires written authorization from the local commander/senior manager or designee.

c. The word “may” indicates an acceptable or suggested means of accomplishment.

1–5. Explosives safety management programs

a. Per AR 385–10, Army commands (ACOMs), Army service component commands (ASCCs), direct reporting units (DRUs) will develop, implement, and manage a written explosives safety management program (ESMP) as an element of their overall safety and occupational health program. In addition, units at and above the battalion level whose mission and functions involve AE will develop, implement, and manage a written ESMP as an element of their overall safety and occupational health program. The ESMPs will address the safety of AE during production, transportation, storage, handling, use, inspection, testing, maintenance, munition response actions, demilitarization, and disposal.

b. Commanders, at all levels, will establish and implement a written ESMP that, at a minimum, shall address the following:

(1) Appointment of an occupational safety and health manager per AR 385–10, qualified under the Office of Personnel Management standards, as the point of contact for all aspects of the Army Safety Program, including management of the ESMP.

(2) Compliance with DODD 6055.9E, DODI 6055.16, DODM 6055.09–M, AR 385–10, and this pamphlet.

(3) Assurance that subordinate organizations maintain an effective ESMP.

(4) Designation, in writing, of subordinate officials authorized to exercise CORA approval authority per AR 385–10 and DA Pam 385–30.

(5) Review of and concurrence on memorandums of agreement (MOAs) concerning the storage or disposal of non-

DOD hazardous materials on Army real estate, consistent with the requirements of Section 2692, Title 10, United States Code (10 USC 2692) and with any delegation of authority necessary under 10 USC 2692.

(6) Integration of explosives safety into policy, procedures, and activities.

(7) Notification, as required by applicable laws, regulations or international agreements to which the United States is party, of affected local U.S. and host nation government officials to ensure communication of the risk of operations involving AE. Communications with host nation government officials shall be made in coordination with the U.S.

Embassy.

c. Commanders of garrisons, installations and colonel-level (06) and above commands and agencies with an ammunition or explosives mission will—

(1) Establish written explosives safety policy to implement AR 385–10 and this pamphlet that outlines the responsi-bilities of all organizations, including installation and tenant activities with an explosives missions. As part of the ESMP, an MOA or policy that outlines the ESMP requirements and responsibilities of both the garrison or installation commander and tenants will be created.

(2) Appoint an occupational safety and health manager per AR 385–10 who is qualified under Office of Personnel Management standards as the point of contact for all aspects of the ESMP.

(3) Ensure competent and qualified personnel initiate and review site plans, safety submissions, and AE facility designs and that garrison or installation master plans take into account ESMP requirements.

(4) Ensure personnel who initiate and review explosives safety certificates of risk acceptance for AE-related

1DA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011 operations, facilities or equipment are qualified to provide the commander with the information needed to make an informed decision regarding the risk being accepted.

(5) Ensure operating, training, and construction plans and budgets provide adequate resources to comply with ESMP requirements and to mitigate to the extent possible any explosives safety hazards per AR 385–10.

d. The ESMP shall prescribe requirements, responsibilities, and procedures for complying with AR 385–10, DA Pam 385–30, DA Pam 385–65, and this pamphlet. As applicable, the ESMP will address the following:

(1) Oversight, management, coordination, and evaluation.

(2) Technical support requirements (such as, from quality assurance specialist (ammunition surveillance) (QASAS) personnel).

(3) Explosives safety training.

(4) Explosives safety surveys and inspections to determine compliance with AR 385–10 and this DA Pam.

(5) The development and approval of—

(a) Explosives safety policy, directives, and standing operating procedures (SOPs).

(b) The DDESB- or Army-required explosives safety submissions and licenses (per ACOM, ASCC, or DRU policy).

(c) Procedures for completing 1 certificates of risk acceptance.

(d) Certificates of compelling reason (CCRs).

(6) Investigating and reporting accidents, incidents and mishaps involving AE, including submission of serious incident reports (SIR) and chemical event reports (CER) and documentation and dissemination of explosives safety lessons learned.

(7) Contractor explosives safety requirements and oversight per their contract.

(8) Fire prevention and protection.

e. Garrison or installation safety offices will, when applicable, develop and administer the ESMP for all tenant units and activities.

1–6. Functions of safety managers

a. The ACOM, ASCC, and DRU safety directors shall—

(1) Conduct periodic evaluations to ensure the effectiveness of their and subordinate commands’ ESMPs.

(2) Keep their leadership and staff informed of ESMP requirements and issues, and the status of the commander’s

ESMP.

b. Garrison, installation, and unit safety managers will—

(1) Serve as the point of contact for all ESMP-related actions.

(2) Identify requirement for explosives licenses, explosives safety site plans, safety submissions, and explosives safety certificates of risk acceptance, existing waivers and exemptions, and CCRs, and coordinate, as appropriate, with staff (for example, J–3/G–3/S–3, J–4/G–4/S–4, engineering, and logistics elements) and garrison, installation, and/or unit support personnel.

(3) Ensure all potential explosion sites (PESs) and exposed sites (ES), both military and civilian, are indicated on approved explosives safety site plans and submissions.

(4) Ensure that plans and protective construction designs for explosive manufacture, testing, storage, surveillance, maintenance, response actions, demilitarization, and disposal facilities are reviewed for compliance with safety stand-ards, by appropriately trained personnel.

(5) Ensure a safety inspection is conducted at least annually for all areas where AE-related activities (for example, production, handling, storage, use, maintenance, munition response, demilitarization, and disposal) routinely occur.

Maintain a list of all such areas and records of inspections.

(6) Monitor AE uploads and other activities that involve the transportation and storage of AE to ensure that pertinent requirements are met.

(7) Serve as the focal point for and coordinate ESMP requirements with tenant unit commanders; and provide concurrence on tenant unit ESMPs.

(8) Review the garrison or installation master plan and quantity-distance (QD) compliance for planned facilities on existing AE sites both prior to and after construction.

(9) Review policies, SOPs, and directives for compliance with explosives safety requirements.

(10) Review certificates of risk acceptance and certificates of compelling reason for completeness and accuracy prior to forwarding for approval.

(11) Maintain a list of approved certificates of risk acceptance, waivers, exemptions, and/or deviations; and advise incoming commanders of such and plans for correction of such situations.

(12) Actively participate in the garrison or installation master planning process and annually review the installation master plan to ensure construction is not planned inside explosives safety quantity distance (ESQD) arcs. When construction that is not related to AE operations is required within ESQD, ensure explosives safety site plans, submissions and explosives licenses are updated and approved at the appropriate level.

2 DA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011

(13) Ensure procedures are developed and in place for—

(a) Maintaining fire symbols and chemical hazard symbols current with actual AE stored at a particular location.

(b) Ensuring that personnel responsible for managing AE keep current information on the type and location of AE storage and provide this information to safety and fire fighting personnel.

(c) Training of personnel responsible for AE-related operations, operational personnel including security personnel, and firefighters in fire symbols and chemical hazard symbols and in precautions and procedures for fighting fires when AE is involved.

(d) Existence of adequate communications between safety, fire fighting, security, emergency response, and ammuni-tion surveillance and storage personnel.

(e) Maintenance of current maps, showing all explosives locations with fire and chemical hazard symbols, and current facility response cards and notebooks for AE storage by fire station communication centers.

(14) Annually review (and document the review) the garrison’s or installation’s explosives location map to monitor encroachment within ESQD and ensure required explosives safety site plans, submissions and explosives licenses are accomplished.

(15) Monitor selected AE operations conducted on Army garrisons or installations to ensure all DOD, Federal, State, local, and contractor participants understand and comply with applicable explosives safety standards.

(16) Monitor, on a periodic basis, selected AE-related activities to evaluate explosives safety and the integration of risk management. Activities that should be monitored include, but may not be limited to the following:

(a) AE storage, handling, and operating sites.

(b) AE transportation activities.

(c) AE disposal and demilitarization activities.

(d) Munitions response actions and access to MRS.

(e) Weapon systems modifications, special exercises, and test programs, particularly those that involve AE.

(f) Planning for contingencies.

(g) Combat load and reload operations.

(h) Explosives safety training records for unit personnel.

(i) Public demonstrations to include “Boss lift,” “Organization day,” “Open house,” and “4th of July” type activities.

(17) Assist commanders and staffs with resolving explosives safety concerns associated with real property known or suspected to contain munitions and explosives of concern (MEC).

(18) Investigate and report AE accidents, incidents and mishaps, per DODM 6055.09–M, AR 385–10, and DA Pam

385–40, and document and disseminate explosives safety lessons learned.

(19) Brief their command and staff, as necessary, to keep the leadership informed of explosives safety requirements and issues and the status of the commander’s ESMP.

1–7. Explosives safety support The QASAS personnel must be adequately trained and qualified in ammunition/explosives safety, as well as ammuni-tion surveillance to support ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, garrisons, installations, and shall be utilized to provide technical assistance to commanders and safety directors in the areas listed below. Safety directors and managers remain responsible for management of the Explosives Safety Program.

a. Developing explosives safety site plans, submissions, and explosives licenses.

b. Preparing explosives safety certificates of risk acceptance and CCRs.

c. Reviewing protective construction designs for AE operational facilities (for example, production, manufacture, testing, storage, surveillance, maintenance, demilitarization, and disposal facilities) for compliance with explosives safety standards.

d. Conducting safety inspections of AE handling, storage, use, maintenance, and disposal areas at least annually.

e. Monitoring AE uploads and other activities that involve the transportation, storage or conduct of other AE-related operations for which a certificate of risk acceptance or CCR has been approved or is awaiting approval to ensure that pertinent requirements are met.

f . R e v i e w i n g q u a n t i t y - d i s t a n c e ( Q D ) c o m p l i a n c e o f e x i s t i n g a n d p l a n n e d f a c i l i t i e s , b o t h p r i o r t o a n d a f t e r construction.

g. Reviewing SOPs and directives for compliance with explosives safety requirements.

h. Assisting in the garrison or installation master planning process and reviewing, annually, the garrison or installation master plan to ensure construction is not planned within ESQD.

i . M o n i t o r i n g A E - r e l a t e d o p e r a t i o n s t o a s s i s t A r m y u n i t s w i t h u n d e r s t a n d i n g a n d c o m p l y i n g w i t h E S M P requirements.

j. Monitoring and evaluating AE-related activities, including the following:

(1) Production, storage, handling, maintenance, operating, demilitarization, and disposal.

(2) Transportation.

3DA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011

(3) Weapon systems modifications, special exercises, and test programs.

(4) Contingency planning.

(5) Combat load and reload operations.

(6) Explosives safety training.

k. Assisting in AE accident, incident and mishap investigations.

l. Ensuring ESMP policies and procedures are followed for operational and tactical AE-related activities, such as—

(1) Siting and operation of ammunition holding areas (AHA) and ammunition transfer points (ATHP).

(2) Siting of uploaded tactical vehicles.

(3) Relief in place and transfer of authority (RIP/TOA) AE operations.

(4) Storage and processing of captured AE.

(5) AE retrograde, reconstitution, and reset activities in a tactical area of operation.

1–8. Explosives safety training

a. All personnel (supervisory and non-supervisory) who conduct AE-related activities shall complete explosives safety training appropriate for the activities that they perform. Such personnel shall receive periodic refresher training to help ensure the requisite level of knowledge of and competency in explosives safety.

b. In addition to any explosives safety training specified for career programs in AR 690–950 and related publica-tions and training mandated by local, state, or federal requirements, explosives safety training shall be accomplished by ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, garrison, or installation and unit level as indicated in figure 1–1.

4 DA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011

Figure 1–1. Army explosives safety courses (applicable to military and civilian personnel) 1, 2, 3, 4

5DA PAM 385–64 • 24 May 2011/RAR 10 October 2013

Figure 1–1. Army explosives safety courses (applicable to military and civilian personnel) 1, 2, 3, 4—continued

c. ACOM, ASCC, and DRU safety directors may—

(1) Approve alternative courses that are tailored to the organization’s missions and functions provided the courses provide the same degree and level of training as those listed in figure 1–1.

(2) Allow substitution of equivalent experience for the courses listed.

d. Initial training, as specified in figure 1–1, should be provided as soon as practical based on mission, funding, and resource constraints.

e. Garrison, installation and unit safety managers shall, as appropriate, develop, and provide to training officers, the training programs required to ensure garrison, installation and unit personnel are trained to conduct AE operations in a safe manner. (See para 2–3 for personnel certification requirements.)

1–9. Explosives safety inspections Periodic (at least annual) inspections shall be conducted to evaluate the safety of explosives storage, packing, handling, surveillance, maintenance, demilitarization, and disposal activities.