NAVSEA-TECH-PUB-T9074-AS-GIB-010-271.pdf

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T9074-AS-G I B-O I 0127 I

NAVSEA Technical Publication

REQUIREMENTS FOR

NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING

METHODS

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T9074-AS-GlB-0101271

NOTICE 1

16 February 1999

NAVSEA Technical Publication

REQUIREMENTS FOR

NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING

METHODS

TO ALL HOLDERS OF NAVSEA TQû74-ASGIB-ûí01271

1. The fdlowlng attacfmd pages of T9074-~ I&01On71 have been revised and supersede the pages listed.

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1. SCOPE

1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5.1

1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.5.5 1.5.6 1.5.7 1.6 1.6.1 1.6.1.1 1.6.1.2 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.6.5 1.6.5.1 1.6.5.2 1.6.5.3 1.6.6 1.6.7 1.7 1.7.1 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.8 1.9 1.9.1

CONTENTS

Pase

General Test areas Calibration Classification Acceptance standards Time of inspection General definitions

Government inspector

Nondestructive test examiner

Examiner personnel testing requirements

Certification of personnel Recertification Re-examination General Vision correction Records NDT certification transfer Development and certification

Authorized representative of the Naval Sea Systems Command

Activity Nominal thickness

Nondestructive test operator Nondestructive test inspector Nondestructive test personnel certification

H o u r s of training and experience Other methods

(NAVSEA)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vision tests

Brightness discrimination

. . . . . . . . . . . . Procedure qualification and approval

Qualification Approval Transfer Alternative specifications and standards Inspection records Maintenance of inspection records

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. ApPLIcABLEDocuMENTs

2.1 Government documents

2.1.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks 4

2.1.2 Other Government documents, drawings and publications 5

Non-Government publications

2.2

2.3 Order of precedence 6

3. RADIOGRAPFW

3.1 Intended use

3.2 Definitions

3.2.1 Material thickness (T,)

3.2.2 Maximum effective radiation source dimension .

3.2.3 Multiple film technique

3.2.4 Specimen thickness (T,)

3.3 General requirements

3.3.1 Extent of radiographic inspection

3.3.1.1 Radiographic shooting sketch (RSS) for castings

3.3.1.2 Inspection of heat-treated items

3.3.1.3 Inspection of machined items

3.3.1.4 Inspection of weldments

3.3.2 Radiographic procedure

3.3.2.1 Minimum radiographic procedure requirements . .

3.3.2.2 Survey of radiographic facilities

3.4 Radiography requirements

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ParaUraDh

3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.3.1 3.4.3.2 3.4.3.3 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.4.6 3.4.6.1 3.4.6.2 3 -4.6.3 3.4.7 3.4.8 3.4.9 3.4.10 3.4.11 3.4.11.1 3.4.12

3.4.13 3.4.14 3.4.15 3.4.16 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.1.1 3.5.1.1.1 3.5.1.1.2 3.5.1.2 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.3.1 3.5.3.2 3.5.4 3.5.4.1 3.5.4.2 3.5.5 3.5.5.1 3.5.5.1.1 3.5.5.1.2 3.5.5.1.3 3.5.5.2 3.5.5.3 3.5.5.3.1 3.5.5.3.2 3.5.5.3.3 3.5.5.3.4

3.5.5.3 . 5 3.f.5.3.6 3 . s -5.4 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.7 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.8 3.8.1 3.8.2 3 -8.2.1

3.8 -2 -2 3.9

CONTENTS

Patze

8 Film 8 Film quality 9 Film density 9 Radiation sources 9 source-to-film distance

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Calculations 9 Film-specimen contact

Reduced source-to-film distance Radiographic location markers Film identification Maintenance of radiographic records . . . . . . . . . . . . . io Darkroom facilities Film viewing facilities Film viewing equipment surface preparation of components and welds prior to radiography Safety Interpretation of radiographs Radiographic records Availability of radiographs penetrameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II Penetrameter material Dissimilar metal welds Dissimilar metal welds of same group Dissimilar metal welds of different groups Other metals Penetrameter dimensions Penetrameter identification Lead number placement for circular penetrameters Identification for special quality levels Penetrameter selection Welds Castings and forgings Number. location. and placement of penetrameters Penetrameter location Film-side penetrameter technique (double-wall exposure) . . . 14 Film-side penetrameter techaique (single-wall exposure) . . . 14 Separate block penetrameter technique Requirement8 for casting and forgings Requirement8 for welds Penetrameter image position Penetrameter image location Penetrametcrs on weld Penetrameter orientation Obstructions Tapered and fillet welds Radiography of parts Shims Shims for backing ring welds Shims for consumable insert welds Radiographic quality levels x-ray radiography Radioisotope radiography Single-wall and double-wall radiography Single-wall radiography Double-wall radiography Double-wall exposurefsingle-wall viewing Double-wall exposure/double-wall viewing Radiography of repair welds

Direction of radiation Screens and filters

Multiple film techniques Filmless techniques

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CONTENTS

ea_se

3.10 Radiography of castings and forgings

3.11 Radiographic film ownership

4 . MAONETIC PARTICLETESTING 20

4.1 Intendeduse

4.2 Definitions

4.2.2 Indication

4.2.3 Non-relevant indications

4.3 Magnetic particle inspection requirements

4.3.1 General requirements

4.3.1.1 Method

4.3.1.1.1 Lighting in test area

4.3.1.2 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0

4.3.1.3 Inspection through coatings

4.3.1.4 Surface preparation

4.3.1.4.1 Cleaning and masking

4.3.1.4.2 cleaning solution

4.3.1.5 Direction of magnetization

4.3.1.6 Demagnetizing apparatus

4.3.1.6.1 Demagnetization

4.3.1.7 Equipment accuracy

4.3.1.7.1 22

4.3.1.7.2 Yoke equipment

4.3.1.8 Magnetizing current

4.3.1.9 Record requirements

4.3.2 Wetmethod

4.3.2.1 General requirements

4.3.2.1.1 Equipment

4.3.2.2 Vehicles

4.3.2.2.1 Cleaning and drying

4.3.2.3 Magnetic particles

4.3.2.4 Suspensions

4.3.2.5 Procedure

4.3.2.5.1 Continuous method

4.3.2.5.2 Residual method

4.3.2.5.3 Circular magnetization; central conductor (indirect method) . 23

4.3.2.5.4 Circular magnetization; item as conductor (direct method) . . 23

4.3.2.5.5 Circular magnetization; magnetizing current

4.3.2.5.6 Longitudinal magnetization

4.3.2.5.7 Longitudinal magnetizing current

4.3.2.6 Maintenance of suspension

4.3.2.6.1 concentration of suspension test

4.3.3 ~ r y powder method

4.3.3.1 General requirements for magnetic particles

4.3.3.2 Applying particles

4.3.3.2.1 Removal of excess particles

4.3.3.3 Magnetizing procedures

4.3.3.3.1 Circular magnetization

4.3.3.3.2 Longitudinal magnetization

4.3.3.3.3 Yoke magnetization

4.3.3.3.4 Magnetizing current (prod methods)

4.3.3.4 Magnetizing technique (yoke and prod)

4.3.3.4.1 Weld inspection

4.3.3.4.2 Base metal

4.3.3.4.3 Continuous magnetization

4.4 Evaluation of indications

4.5 Non-relevant indications

4.6 Finai cleaning

4.7 ~rcstrikes

4.7.1 ~ r c strikes in high hardenability materials

4.2.1 Relevant indications

DC portable prod and stationary magnetic particle equipment .

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CONTENTS

ParaqraDh

5 . LIQUID

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.2.1 5.4.3 5.5 5.5.1 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.3 5.6.4 5.6.4.1 5.6.5 5.6.5.1 5.6.5.2 5.6.5.3 5.6.5.4 5.6.6 5.6.6.1 5.6.6.2 5.6.7 5.6.7.1 5.6.7.2 5.6.7.3 5.6.8 5.6.9 5.6.10 5.7 5.7.1

P E ” T TESTfNG Intended use Definitions Inspection methods Liquid penetrant material General requirements Equipment requirements Procedure Change of penetrant materials Record requirements surface preparation Testprocedures Pre-test cleanliness Temperature Penetration time Application of emulsifier (Methods B and DI Removal of penetrant Method C materials surf ace flushing Method B and D materials Method A only Surface drying MethodC Application of developer Nonaqueous wet developer Dry developer Aqueous wet developer Lighting in test area Final cleaning Safety precautions Test results Determination of relevancy

Finished surfaces Orderoftesting

Methods A, B. and D

6 . üLTRW0MC TESTING

6.1 Intended use

6.2 Definitions

6.2.1 Acoustically similar materials

6.2.2 Amplitude rejection level (ARL)

6.2.3 As-welded condition

6.2.4 Calibration

6.2.5 Calibration reflectors

6.2.6 Calibration stanäard

6.2.7 Class of weld

6.2.8 Continuous scan

6.2.9 Disregard level (Da)

6.2.10 Ri11.screen height

6.2.11 IIW block

6.2.12 Instrumcat display

6.2.13 Peak indication

6.2.14 Reference calibration stanäard

6.2.15 Ultrasonic test sensitivity . .

6.2.16 Ultrasonically sound material .

6.3 Procedure and test methods . .

6.3.1 Test method selection

6.3.2 Surface finish

6.3.3 Testing speed

6.3.4 Couplant

6.3.5 Test symbols

6.3.6 Calibration

6.4 Equipment

Paqe

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6.5 General requirements

6.5.1 Equipment requirements

6.5.1.1 Basic instrument qualification - A-scan display instruments . 33

6.5.1.1.1 Vertical linearity

6.5.1.1.2 Horizontal linearity

6.5.1.1.3 Resolution

6.5.1.1.4 Attenuation

6.5.1.2 Shear wave transducer

6.5.1.3 Basic instrument qualification - thickness gauge

6.5.1.4 Frequency of basic instrument qualification

6.5.2 Inspection procedure

6.5.2.1 Procedure requalification

6.5.3 Discontinuity evaluation

6.5.4 Records

6.6 Test methods

6.6.1 Forged, wrought, and extruded material

6.6.1.1 Test calibration. longitudinal wave

6.6.1.2 Ring forgings

6.6.1.2.1 Test calibration, shear wave

6.6.1.2.2 Test

6.6.1.2.3 Longitudinal wave tests of ring forgings

6.6.1.2.3.1 Test calibration, longitudinal wave

6.6.1.2.3.2 Testing - longitudinal wave

6.6.1.3 Rectangular forgings

6.6.1.3.1 Test calibration, longitudinal wave

6.6.1.3.2 Testing - longitudinal wave

6.6.1.4 Round and multi-sided forged or wrought bars including disc or pancake forgings

6.6.1.4.1 Test calibration, longitudinal wave

6.6.1.4.2 Testing - longitudinal wave

6.6.2 Plate and sheet

6.6.2.1 Surface preparation

6.6.2.2 Shear wave testing technique

6.6.2.2.1 Test calibration

6.6.2.2.2 Grad test procedure

6.6.2.2.3 Continuous scanning procedure

6.6.2.3 Longitudinal wave testing technique

6.6.2.3.1 Testing calibration

6.6.2.3.2 Test procedures

6.6.2.3.2.1 Continuous method

6.6.2.3.2.2 Static method

6.6.3 Pipesandtubes

6.6.3.1 Scanning technique

6.6.3.2 Test calibration, radial defects detection

6.6.3.3 Test, radial defects

6.6.4 Ultrasonic inspection of weläments

6.6.4.1 scope

6.6.4.2 General requirements

6.6.4.2.1 Scanning

6.6.4.2.2 Surface finish

6.6.4.2.3 Limitations

6.6.4.2.4 Reference calibration Standards

6.6.4.2.4.1 Butt welds, corner welds. tee Welds for discontinuities into the through member. and tee weld volumetric inspection . . . 39

6.6.4.2.4.2 Detection of lack of penetration in full penetration teewelds

6.6.4.3 Specific requirements for butt and corner welds and the volumetric inspection of tee welds

6.6.4.3.1 Instrument

6.6.4.3.2 Transducers

6.6.4.3.3 Calibration

6.6.4.3.3.1 Class I welds

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ParasraDh

6 .6 .4 .3 .3 .2 Class II and III welds

6.6.4.3.4 Procedure

6.6 .4 .3 .4 .3 Longitudinal discontinuities

6.6.4.3.4.2 Transverse discontinuities

6.6 .4 .3 .4 .3 Compressional wave 6 .6 .4 .3 .4 .4 Discontinuity evaluation 6 .6 .4 .3 .5 Transverse discontinuities (special case) 6 .6 .4 .4 Specific requirements for welds of tee joints 6 .6 .4 .4 .1 Detection of lack of penetration in fu l l penetration teewelds 6 . 6 . 4 . 4 . 1 . 1 Search units

6.6 .4 .4 .1 .2 Calibration 6 .6 .4 .4 .1 .3 Procedure 6 .6 .4 .4 .2 Detection of discontinuities into the through member 6 .6 .4 .4 .2 .1 Inspection zone 6 .6 .4 .4 .2 .2 Search units

6.6 .4 .4 .2 .3 Calibration

6.6 .4 .4 .2 .4 Procedure

6.6 .4 .4 .3 volumetric inspection of full penetration tee welds

6.6 .4 .5 Record of inspection results

6.7 Thickness measurements

6 . 7 . 1 scope

6.7.2 Calibration

6.7.3 Method

6.8 Bond testing of weld deposited materials

6 .8 .1 .1 Method 6 . 8 . 2 Transducers 6 . 8 . 3 Calibration of test equipment 6 . 8 . 4 . 1 continuous scanning

6.8 .4 .2 Intermittent scanning 6.8;4.3 Calibration for ultrasonic testing of nonparallel surfaces .

6 .8 .4 .4 continuous scanning of nonparallel surfaces

6.8.5 Marking

6 . 8 . 1 scope

6.8 .4 scanning

6 .8 .6 Flawplotting

7 . EDDYCURRENTTESTING

7 . 1 Intended use

7.2 Definitions

7.3 Eddy current inspection requirements

7.3.1 General requirements

7.3.1.2 surf ace finish

7.3.2 Procedure

7.3.3 Records

7.4 Equipment requirements

7 .4 .1 Eddy -rent i n s t m a t 7 .5 Calibration

7.6 Test technique

7 . 6 . 1 Toc of weld scan

7.6 .2 Weldscan

7 .6 .4 Indexing

7.7 Evaluation of test results

7 .3 .1 .1 Method

7 .4 .2 Performance verification reference block

7.6.3 Inspection of surfaces other than welds

8 . VISUAL INSPECTION

8.3 Procedure requirements

8 . 1 Intendeduse

8.2 Referénce standard

a . 4 Records

Pase

4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1

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NAVSEA T9074-AS-GIB-DLO 1271 H 7022806 QOOOOLL 436

CONTENTS

Pase

8.5 Inspection techniques

8.6 Dimensional inspection accuracy

8.7 Lighting

9 . N O ~ S

9.1 Intendeduse

9.2 supersedure information

9.3 Issue of DûDISS

9.4 subject term (key word) listing

9.5 changes from previous issue

Fiaure

FIGURES

Pase used with various steel and similar alloys used with various copper-base and similar alloys used with various aluminum. magnesium and similar alloys

4 MaximumallowedUg 5 Penetrameter designs 6 Penetrameter identification notching 7 Examples of Tm. Ts. and penetrameter placement: single wall. no reinforcement. no back-up strip 8 Examples of Tm. Ts. and penetrameter placement: single wall. weld reinforcement. no back-up strip 9 Examples of Tm. Ts. and penetrameter placement: single wall. weld reinforcement. back-up strip 10 Examples of Tm. Ts. and penetrameter placement: single wall. integral backing ring. weld reinforcement 11 Examples of Tm. Ts. and penetrameter placement: single wall. weld reinforcement. cladding redeposited over weld in base metal 12 Examples of Tm. Ts. and penetrameter placement: double wall. double wall viewing. weld reinforcement and back-up strip 13 Examples of Tm. Ts. and penetrameter placement: double wall. single wallviewing 14 Examples of Tm. Ts. and penetrameter placement: full penetration weld. singlewall 15 Examples of Tm. Ts. and penetrameter placement: root connection weld.

single wall 16 Magnetic particle field indicator 17 Skip distance example 18 Accepted scanning techniques for butt welds

20 Typical viewing screen calibration (butt weläs) (with db control) . . 66 21 Typical viewing screen calibration (butt welds) (without äb control) 66 22 scanning procedures for welds 23 Scanning procedure for tee welds 24 Typical viewing screen calibration (tee welds) (with db control) . . 69 25 Typical viewing screen calibration (tee welds) (without db control) . 69

Recommended X-ray voltage settings and radioisotope sources to be

Recommended X-ray voltage settings and radioisotope sources to be

Recornended X-ray voltage settings and radioisotope sources to be

19 Typical reference calibration standard (sensitivity)

26 Surface opposite attachment member not accessible . . . . . . . . . . 7 0 27 Surface opposite attachment member accessible 2 8 Accepted scanning techniques for tee welds and scanning operations

29 Ultrasonic weld inspection record 30 Recommended probe-to-weld attitude for eddy current standardization

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NAVSEA T9074-AS-GIB-010 /271 H 9022806 O000012 372 H

- Table

TABLES

Pase

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

V I 1

Examples of penetrameter identification . . . . . , . . . . . . . . i3 Allowable film-side penetrameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i5 Minimum radiographic quality levels for Iridium-192 radiography of castings and welds in piping, machinery and pressure vessels . . . 1 5

Number of penetrameters and placement for welds Definition of radiographic quality levels Calibration hole s i z e for longitudinal test . . . -calibration reference notch dimensions of square and "U" bottom notch 36

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1. SCOPE

1.1 Generaì. This document covers the requirements for conducting nondestructive tests (NDT) used in determining the presence of surface and internal discontinuities in metals. It also contains the minimum requirements necessary to qualify nondestructive test and inspection personnel, procedures, and nondestructive test equipment.

criteria for nondestructive tests.

requirements for performing nondestructive tests in an underwater environment.

Nondestructive tests in an underwater environment shall be performed as specified in NAVSEA SO600-AA-PRO-070.

applicable drawings, specifications, contract or purchase order.

Nondestructive test markings incorporated in drawings shall be in accordance with AWS A2.4.

This document does not contain acceptance This document does not cover all of the

1.1.1 Test areas. Areas to be tested shall be specified in the

1.1.2 Calibration. Since calibration procedures are self-contained in this document, the test instruments and standards contained herein are not included in Calibration Programs defined by ANSI/NCL 2540-1 with the exception of linear measuring tools such as mechanical calipers and micrometers.

1.2 Classification. This document covers the following types of test methods :

(a) Radiography (RT)

(b) Magnetic particle (MT) ( c ) Liquid penetrant (PT)

(d) Ultrasonic (UT)

(e) Eddy current (ET)

(f) Visual inspection (VT)

1.3 AcceDtance standards. The standards for acceptance shall be as

1.4 Time of inspection.

specified in the applicable specification, contract, or order.

Acceptance inspection shall be performed on an item in the final surface condition and final heat-treated condition, except as specified in 3.3.1.2, 3.3.1.3, 3.3.1.4, or in the applicable specification.

1.5 General def initions. The standard terminology for nondestructive examinations as described in ASTM E 1316 shall apply to this document, except as noted below and in the individual sections of this document.

1.5.1 Authorized reDresentative of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEAL. Unless otherwise specified, the Conimander of a Naval Shipyard, the Supervisor of Shipbuilding, or their delegated representative.

the responsibility for assuring that the materials, processes, fabrication technique, and testing personnel meet specification and contractual requirements. In this regard, he or she may be as follows:

1.5.2 Go vernmeat insDector. Government official who is charged with

(a) For Government shipyards: The Shipyard Commander or his

(b)

(e) For other organizations: The cognizant Government inspector, delegated representative.

For commercial shipyards: The Supervisor of Shipbuilding or his delegated representative.

his representative or the representative of another Government agency designated by or through the cognizant Government inspector.

representative.

delegated representative.

(d) For Forces Afloat: The squadron conmiander or his delegated

(e) For Naval Repair Facilities: The commanding officer or his original I

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1.5.3 Activity. Al1 sites of an organization under the same quality assurance management and using the same quality assurance plan performing work to which this document is applicable.

1 . 5 . 4 Nominal thickness. That thickness specified on plans or drawings without application of any allowed tolerance.

1.5.5 Nondestructive test examiner. The examiner is the individual(s) to whom the activity assigns the responsibility and authority to examine and certify nondestructive test personnel to ensure that their personnel are competent and qualified to perform the applicable tests in conformance with contractual requirements. This is the individual to whom the activity assigns the responsibility-of approving nondestructive test procedures and workmanship standards. The examiner as equivalent to the Level III in ASNT SNT-Tc-1~.

1 . 5 . 6 Nondestructive test or>erator. The operator is equivalent to the Level I in ASNT SNT-TC-lA.

1.5.7 Nondestructive test inmector The inspector is equivalent to the Level II in ASNT SNT-TC-lA.

1.6 Nondestructive test Dersonnel certification. Personnel performing nondestructive testing shall be certified in accordance with the guidelines of

ASNT SNT-TC-1A.

by ASNT SNT-TC-U, identifying the requirements relative to the guidelines.

The written practice shall be made available to the Government inspector upon request.

requirements, except as modified herein. Alternatively, individuals certified as Level I, Level II, or Level III in accordance with MIL-CTD-410 shall be considered equivalently certified in accordance with this document. Naval (military) personnel only may be certified to the requirements of NAVSEA S9086-CH-STM-020, Chapter 074 Volume 2, as an alternative to the requirements herein.

Each activity shall develop a written practice, as required

The guidelines of ASNT SNT-TC-U shall be considered as minimum

1.6.1 Exa miner Dersonnel testinu reauirements. Nondestructive test examiner personnel shall be tested by examinations administered by the employing activity, American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), or other outside agency.

administered by the employing activity or an outside agency.

activity shall identify minamum passing grade requirements when the basic and method examinations are administered by ASNT, which issues grades on a pass/fail basis.

examination shall be assigned a numerical score of 80 percent.

The specific examination shall be prepared and The employing

In this ca~e, the passing grade for the basic and method

1.6.1.1 Hours of trainincr and emerience. The number of hours of training and experience for all nondestructive test personnel shall be in accordance with ASNT SNT-TC-U. However, the hours for personnel who perform only one operation of a nondestructive test method that consists of more than one operation, or perform nondestructive test examinations of limited scope, may be less than those specified in ASNT SNT-TC-lA, provided the time of training and experience is described in the written practice, and any limitation or restriction on the certification is described in the written practice and in certification records.

1.6.1.2 Other methode. For nondestructive test methods not covered by ACNT SNT-TC-lA, personnel shall be qualified to comparable levels of competency by the administration of comparable examinations on the particular method involved.

1.6.2 Certification of Dersonnel. The employing activity is

responsible for the adequacy of the program and is responsible for the certification of all levels of nondestructive test personnel.

1.6.3 Recertification. Nondestructive test personnel other than examiners shall be recertified by examination at intervals not greater than 3-years in accordance with the activity's written practice. Examiners (see ohginrit 2 Provided by IHS Licensee=Northrop Grumman Newport News Shipbuilding/6112333100

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10 Februny 19891ACN-1 TW7cAsCIB01oR71

1 - 5 . 5 ) ehall be recertified by examination at intervale not greater than 5-years. This re-examination shall be as conpirehenaive as that employtd in the initial certification. In addition, pereonnel who perform "r shall be recertified by examination if they have not performed teats in the method in which they are certified for a period of 9 monthe; thie re-examination need only consist of an approved operational examination administered by the octivity'e test examiner.

1.6.4. - The Qovernment inspector may request an operational o%%%%%nation be adminiatered if there i ta reason to believe that an individual ie unable to competently perform at the level that the individual in certified.

1.6. S. U t % ccrt ification. Personnel qualified to epecif ic inspection meth&/techniquee in accordance with MIL-STD-2132 or mVSEA 250-1500-1 (Limited Distribution) certification programe are considered qualified f a performance of inspection in accordance with the requiremento of thie document for the eame inspection methode/techniquse. The uee of pereonnel qualified to specific inspection methods/techniqueo of other certification programa shall require NAvSEA approval.

1.6.6

1.6.6.1. antral. All nondeotructivc teet peroonnel ehall be required to pane a vision test. The vision teat muat be current at the time of examination and vision teste ehall be conducted annually.

shall be conducted by a qualified technician, using mtandard teet methode for determining visual acuity. The standard of acceptance for vision teetir shall be:

Vieion teeting

(a) Natural or corrected near bistance acuity euch that the individual is capable of reaäing J1 letters on the Standard Jaeger's Test chart for near vieion, or equivalent type teet.

"hie requirement muet be met by one or both eye..

(b) Ability to dietinguieh b e t w e e n colors when required by the work (neeà only be performed for initial qualification).

1.6.6.2. Visioncorraction. The corrective aids ueed for vision tests muet be urred during certffication examination and all oubsequent inspections and tests performed.

1.6.7. m. Employing activitiee shall maintain individual nondestructive test pereonnel records including the following:

(a) Training and experience.

(b) Reiults of all current examinations which can be correlated to the examination adminiatered and a ataster copy of each axaadnation. Uhen ASNT ia Ueed for examiner certification, the ACNT letter may be used for the basic and method examinationa.

certification period unlees otherwiec etated.

(cl A record of vision teate noting corrective aids ueed.

(d) Records oh11 be maintained for the current and preceding

All of the above recorde shall be made available to the Government inspector upon request.

1.6.8. . Tranefer of NDT certifications to other activitiee ia prohibited except as authorized by NAVSñA.

1.7. Procedurr . Nondestructive testing

methods shall be performed in accordance with written procedurte.

1.7.1. 3 . Activitiee performing NDT ehall develop and maintain a written procedure for each method performed and certify

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T904dCGIB-OlMfl 16 Fsbniary lûWACU1 that each procedure is in accordance with the requirements of this document Thie ‘certification statement shall be part of each written procedure and oigned by the cognizant drier of the activity.

1.7.2. Oualif. Xach procedure shall have been qualified by

proving that known discontinuities, either natural or artificial, can be reliably detected and evaluated.

demonetration shall be pravided to the Oovernmcnt inspector upon requeet.

This requirement does not apply to procedures approved under revieions “E“ and earlier of MIL-STD-271, Requirements for Nondestructive Testing Methods (superseded by this document).

of the activity and provided to the Government inapector for review upon request. The ßovernmcnt inspector may request demonstration of the procedure during initial review of the procedure or at any time there ir reason t o believe it is unableTo provide adequate results.

Data documenting this procedure

1.7.3. -. Procedures shall be approved by the cognizant examiner

1.7.4. Tranefer. Procedures shall not be traneferred from one activity to another without the specific approval of ìüAVSIaA.

1.8. -recorde. P o r each method, inepection record8 shall include, as a minimum, the record requirements liuted in each inipection method aection of this document.

all of the required information, or, the record can contain part of the information with the remainder included in the inspection procedure (for those attributes that do not change).

ae specified in the applicable ship specifications, fabrication epecificatione, and other documcnts invoking this document.

Bach inspection record may either contain

1.8.1, e . Recorda shall ba maintained

2 APPLIcABLEDOaMKNTS

2.1.

2.1.1. rn . The following spcificrtione, ituidard8, and handbook. form a part of this document to the extent opecificd herein. Unlese otherwise specified, the issuee of these documente are those listed in the issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications u u i Standards (DODISS) and supplement thereto, cited in the söïicitation (see 9.3).

SPBCIFïCATIONS

PKDERAL

P-D-680 - D r y Cleaning and

MILITARY

ûegreasing Solvent.

MIL-1-25135 - Inspection Mater-ale, Penetrants.

DOD-P-87935 - Fluid, mgnetic Particle Inepcction, Suspension Wediun. (Metric)

STANDARDS

MILITARY

HIL-STD-278 Welding and Casting Standard

ACN-1 4

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NAVSEA T9074-AS-GIB-010 /271 W 9022806 OOOOOL7 95Y m

MIL-STD-410 - Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification

MIL-STD-792 - Identification Marking Requirements for Special

MIL-CTD-2132 - Nondestructive Examination Requirements for

MIL-STD-6866 - Inspection, Liquid Penetrant.

and Certification

Purpose Components.

Special Applications (Limited distribution).

2.1.2 other Government documents. drawinus and Dublications. The lowing other Government documents, drawings, and publications form a part this document to the extent specified herein.

' issues are those cited in the solicitation.

Unless otherwise specified, PUBLICATIONS

NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSEA)

SO600-AA-PRO-O70 - Underwater Ship Husbandry Manual, Chapter 7, Nondestructive Testing.

S9086-CH-STM-O20 - Chapter 074 Volume 2 Nondestructive Testing of Metals - Qualification and Certification Requirements for Naval Personnel.

250-1500-1 - welding Standard (limited distribution).

( M e s s otherwise indicated, copies of federal and military specifications, stanäartîs, and handbooks are available from the Standardization Documents Order Desk, BLDG. 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.)

2.2 Non-Government Dublications. The following document(s) form a part Unless otherwise specified, of this document to the extent specified herein.

the issues of the documents which are DoD adopted are those listed in the issue of the DODICC cited in the solicitation.

the issues of documents not listed in the DODISS are the issues of the documents cited in the solicitation (see 9.3).

Unless otherwise specified, AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING (ASNT)

SNT-TC-lA - Recommendeded Practice for Nondestructive Testing

Supplement A - Radiographic Testing Method.

supplement B - Magnetic Particle Testing Method.

Suppleanent C - Ultrasonic Testing Method.

Supplement 0 - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method.

Supplement E - Eddy Current Testing Method.

Personnel Qualification and Certification

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc., 1711 Arlingate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. )

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATgRfALs (ASTM) E 317 - Standard Practice for Praluating Performance Character-istics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Systems Without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments.

D 3699 - Standard Specification for Kerosine. (DoD adopted) E 1025 - Standard Practice for Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators

Used for Radiography E 1079 - Standard Practice for Calibration of Transmission

Densitometers E 1316 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations.

E 1444 - Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination.

(DoD adopted) (Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for

Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.)

AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS)

A2.4 - Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing and

Nondestructive Examination. (DoD adopted)

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(Application for copies should be addressed to the American Welding Society, Inc., 550 NW LeJeune Road, P.O. B o x 3f1040, Miami, FL 33135.)

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CTANDARûS LABOmTORIES (NCSL) ANCI/NCSL 2540-1 - Calibration Laboratories and Measuring and

Test Equipment - General Requirements (Application for copies should be addresses to the National Conference of

Standards Laboratories, 1800 30th St., Suite 30fB, Boulder, CO 80301)

SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS (CAE)

AMs 3040 - Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, Dry Method.

AMS 3041 - Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, Wet Method, Oil

Vehicle, Ready-to-use.

AMS 3042 - Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, Wet Method, Dry

Powder.

AMC 3043 - Magnetic Particles, Nonfluorescent, Wet Method, Oil vehicle, Aerosol Packaged.

AMS 3044 - Magnetic Particles, Fluorescent, Wet Method, Dry

Powder.

AMS 3045 - Magnetic Particles, Fluorescent, Wet Method, Oil

Vehicle, Ready-to-use.

AMS 3046 - Magnetic Particles, Fluorescent, Wet Method, Oil

Vehicle, Aerosol Packaged.

AMS 3161 - Inspection Oil, Odorless Heavy Solvent AMS 2641 - Vehicle, Magnetic Particle Inspection Petroleum Base.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrenàale, PA 15096.)

2.3 O r d e r e . In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.

3. RADIOGRAPHY

3.1 Intended use. The radiographic test method is primarily used for the detection of discontinuities through the volume of welds and castings in most types of material and in a variety of geometric configurations.

3.2 pefinitions. The standard terminology for radiographic nondestructive examination as described in ACTM E 1316 shall apply to this section, except as noted below.

3.2.1 Material thicknes s (T . The material thickness is the nominal thickness or actwl thickness, ifdartaswed, of the strength member, and does not include reinforcements, backing rings or strips. The strength member is defined as the thinner of the sections being joined (set 3.f.4) .

3.2.2 Maximum effect ive radiation source dimension. The maximum source or focal spot dimension projected on the center of the radiographic film.

example, a cylindrical isotope source whose length is greater than its diameter will have a greater effective radiation source dimension when oriented coaxially in the center of a pape for a panoramic exposure than when the axis of the source is positioned at right angles to the pipe.

For

3.2.3 Multilile film technime. A procedure in which two or more films of the same or different speed are used in the same film holder, and exposed simultaneously.

3.2.4 SDecimen thickness (T 1 . The total thickness to be radiographed including, if present, reinforcements, backing rings, or strips (see 3.5.4).

This is the thickness upon which the source-to-film distance is based.

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NAVSEA T 9 0 7 4 - A S - G I B - O B 0 /271 9022806 O000019 727

3.3 General reguirements. The radiographic method of testing is used for determining the presence of discontinuities in all ferrous and nonferrous metals. Radiographic inspection specified herein is intended to apply to all items requiring radiographic inspection in compliance with applicable specifications, drawings, contracts, or purchase orders, and one of the following shall be used:

(a) X-ray machine.

(b) Iridium-192.

(cl Cobalt-60.

(d) Cesium-137.

(e) approval.

The use of other radiation sources requires specific NAVSEA

3.3.1 Extent of radiosrarihic insDection. A l l acquisition documents, drawings, or both shall specify the extent of radiographic inspection, when it is required. This information shall include the number of areas and items to be radiographed, the point in fabrication when radiography shall be performed, the quality level of inspection, and the acceptance standard to be applied.

Drawings specifying radiographic coverage requirements shall employ radiographic symbols that are in accordance with AWS A2.4.

3.3.1.1 RadiosraDhic shootins sketch (RSS) for castinss. The casting designer shall select and identify, in accordance with AWS A2.4, areas requiring radiography on the engineering drawing.

performing the inspection shall prepare the RSS which shows film placements and radiation directions to assure adequate radiographic coverage as specified by the esqineering &awing. The RSS shall be validated by a signature of a certified radiographic inspector.

specific detailed requirements which shall be contained on the RSS.

be performed at the following times:

The contractor or activity

The requirements of 3.4.14 herein provide

3.3.1.2 InsDection of heat-treated items. Radiographic inspection may

(a) Before or after stress relief.

(b) Before or after heat treatment where the heat treatment does not require quenching of the item in a liquid medium.

3.3.1.3 Inspection of machined items. Castings or forgings may be radiographed in the as-cast, as-forged, or rough machined conditions, provided the requirements of 3.5.4.2 are met.

3.3.1.4 Jnsoection of weläments. Weldments that require contouring or machining may be radiographed in the as-welded condition provided the surface condition does not interfere with the interpretation of the radiographs and the penetrameter selection is based on the requirements of 3 .5 .4 .

3.3.2 Radiocrranhic Dr ocedure. Radiographic inspection procedures shall contain as a minimum, the following elements.

3.3.2.1 píinimum radiosraDhic Drocedure reauirements.

X-ray machine information.

(i) Model and type.

( 2) Manufacturer .

(3) Focal spot size.

(4 ) Voltage rating.

isotope source information.

(1) Type of isotope.

(2) Source dimensions (maximum).

Film processing methods.

Film type.

Viewing facilities.

Film density requirements including density measuring equipment used.

Method of providing film identification as specified in 3.4.8.

The requirements of this docilment that apply.

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3.3.2.2 survev of radiosraDhic facilities. The Government inspector will perform radiographic facilities and procedure surveys of activities to ensure that the organization is performing radiagraphic inspection in accordance with the requirements of this document.

conducted at l2-mnth intervals unless the quality of radiographic performance dictates a need for more frequent surveillance. The Government inspector will maintain a record of the results of each survey.

sufficient information to establish that the activity is performing radiographic inspection in accordance with its procedure and this document.

The surveys may be

The records will include

3.4 RadiocrraDhY reauirements.

3.4.1 Direction of radiation. Unless otherwise specified, the direction of the central beam of radiation shall be as nearly central to the area being examined and perpendicular to the surface of the film as possible.

3.4.2 Screens and filters. Ail radiographs produced with radioisotopes or a source of 150 kV or greater shall employ a front and back lead screen in contact with the film. Intensifying screens and filters shall be as follows:

(inclusive), either lead oxide or lead foil intensifying screens may be used. For energies above 300kv, only lead foil screens may be used. Intimate contact between the screens and the films should be maintained during exposure.

0.7 MeV or greater (including Cobalt-601, a lead filter with a thickness of not less than 0.010 inch shall be placed between the specimen and the film.

the film holder and may be combined with the intensifying screen, or may be located in front of the film holder.

if the filter is located in front of the film holder, the screens shall be placed in contact with the film, as in (a) above,

(c) Back filters: Lead filters shall be used behind the film holder to prevent scattered radiation from the floor, walls, air, or other surrounding objects from fogging the film. Each holder shall have a lead letter nBn not less than 1/2 inch high and not less than 1/16 inch thick positioned behind the film and within the area of film to be read.

exposures, one lead letter "Bn may be placed in each quadrant.

The lead letter "Bn is not required for radiography of circumferential welds w i t h an inside diameter less than 3/4 inch which are performed by the single wall exposure technique. If the image of the letter "Br shows a light image on a darker background, the radiograph shall be rejected. A darker image of the letter (IBa o11 a lighter backgrounä is not cause for rejection provided the darker image d a s not interfere with the film evaluation.

3.4.3 m. Radiographs shall be made on fine grain, extra-fine grain, or ultra-fine grain, safety base film. High-speed, medium or coarse grain films shall be used only when authorized by NAVSEA or its authorized representative.

free from blemishes or film artifacts which might mask or be confused with defects in the material being examined.

nature of an indication on the film, the radiograph shall be rejected.

Typical blemishes are as follows:

Fogging caused by light leaks in the processing room or

(a) Intensifying screens: For radiation energies up to 300kv

(b) Front filters: When using radiation sources with energies of

The filter may be located either in

However, When performing panoramic

3.4.3.1 Film quality. Radiographs presented for interpretation shall be

If doubt exists concerning the true

(a) cassettes, defective safelights, exposure marks caused by improper processing, or old film.

(b) Mechanical processing defects such as streaking, air bells, water marks, or chemical stains.

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T9074-AS-GIBQ1 W271

(cl

(d)

(e)

Blemishes caused by dirt in cassettes, particularly between

Pressure or lead marks, scratches, gouges, finger marks, crimp

Loss of detail caused by poor film-to-screen contact in intensifying screens and the film.

marks, or static electricity marks.

localized areas.

3.4.3.2 Film densitv. The density shall be 1.5 to 4.0 for single film viewing and 2.0 to 4.0 for superimposed film viewing in the area being examined for acceptance.

to 4.0 in the area being examined for acceptance for both the single and superimposed film viewing. When the thickness of the part varies considerably in the area under WRIiMtiOII, two or more films, either of equal or of different speeds may be exposed simultaneously in the same film holder and the resultant radiograph submitted for interpretation either as single or superimposed film, whichever is better suited for the interpretation of any small portion of the area covered by the exposure.

the area under immediate examination, the density of either the single or the superimposed film shall be in accordance with the aforementioned requirements.

3.4.3.3 MultiDle film techniaues. Film techniques with two or more films of the same or different speeds in the same film holder shall be permitted, provided the applicable radiographic quality level for a specific area is demonstrated.

3.4.4 Filmless techniaues. The use of filmless techniques shall be

For castings and forgings, the density shall be 1.5

For the small portion of limited to in-process inspection and shall not be permitted for final acceptance inspection unless specifically approved by NAVSEA.

gamma-ray sources to be used with various specimen thicknesses are shown on figure 1, figure 2, and figure 3. Other voltage settings or sources may be used provided the required quality levels are maintained. Cobalt 60 sources shall not be used on welds with a specimen thickness (T,) less than 2.5 inches or on any material with a nominal thickness less than 1 inch. Cobalt 60 may be used on casting repair welds where the specimen thickness is greater than or equal to 1 inch.

3 . 4 . 5 Radiation sources. Recommended X-ray machine voltage settings and

3.4.6 Source-to-film distancp.

3.4.6.1 Calculations. The source-to-film distance shall be such that the geometric unsharpness (0,) values of figure 4 are not exceeded.

to-film distance (SFD) shall be calculated as follows:

Source-

Ft s F D = t + -us Where :

U, F = Maximum effective radiation source dimension in inches (see t SFD = Distance, in inches, between…