N0010419RK112_Amend_0004.pdf

N3598A19NA048

AMENDMENT OF SOLICITATION/MODIFICATION OF CONTRACT

Except as provided herein, all terms and conditions of the document referenced in Item 9A or 10A, as heretofore changed, remains unchanged and in full force and effect.

15A. NAME AND TITLE OF SIGNER (Type or print)

30-105-04EXCEPTION TO SF 30

APPROVED BY OIRM 11-84

STANDARD FORM 30 (Rev. 10-83)

Prescribed by GSA

FAR (48 CFR) 53.243

1) Per FAR 15.206(a), the hour and date specif ied for receipt of offers is extended to 01 NOV 19.

2) Section I, GFM data updated

3) Section B notes updated to answ er questions submitted in response to this solicitation

4) All other terms and conditions remain unchanged.

1. CONTRACT ID CODE PAGE OF PAGES

1 10

16A. NAME AND TITLE OF CONTRACTING OFFICER (Type or print)

16C. DATE SIGNED

BY 07-Oct-2019

16B. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA15C. DATE SIGNED15B. CONTRACTOR/OFFEROR

(Signature of Contracting Officer)(Signature of person authorized to sign)

8. NAME AND ADDRESS OF CONTRACTOR (No., Street, County, State and Zip Code) X N0010419RK112

X 9B. DATED (SEE ITEM 11)

24-Jul-2019

10B. DATED (SEE ITEM 13)

9A. AMENDMENT OF SOLICITATION NO.

11. THIS ITEM ONLY APPLIES TO AMENDMENTS OF SOLICITATIONS

X The above numbered solicitation is amended as set forth in Item 14. The hour and date specified for receipt of Offer X is extended, is not extended.

Offer must acknowledge receipt of this amendment prior to the hour and date specified in the solicitation or as amended by one of the following methods:

(a) By completing Items 8 and 15, and returning copies of the amendment; (b) By acknowledging receipt of this amendment on each copy of the offer submitted;

or (c) By separate letter or telegram which includes a reference to the solicitation and amendment numbers. FAILURE OF YOUR ACKNOWLEDGMENT TO BE

RECEIVED AT THE PLACE DESIGNATED FOR THE RECEIPT OF OFFERS PRIOR TO THE HOUR AND DATE SPECIFIED MAY RESULT IN

REJECTION OF YOUR OFFER. If by virtue of this amendment you desire to change an offer already submitted, such change may be made by telegram or letter, provided each telegram or letter makes reference to the solicitation and this amendment, and is received prior to the opening hour and date specified.

12. ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION DATA (If required)

13. THIS ITEM APPLIES ONLY TO MODIFICATIONS OF CONTRACTS/ORDERS.

IT MODIFIES THE CONTRACT/ORDER NO. AS DESCRIBED IN ITEM 14.

A. THIS CHANGE ORDER IS ISSUED PURSUANT TO: (Specify authority) THE CHANGES SET FORTH IN ITEM 14 ARE MADE IN THE

CONTRACT ORDER NO. IN ITEM 10A.

B. THE ABOVE NUMBERED CONTRACT/ORDER IS MODIFIED TO REFLECT THE ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES (such as changes in paying office, appropriation date, etc.) SET FORTH IN ITEM 14, PURSUANT TO THE AUTHORITY OF FAR 43.103(B).

C. THIS SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT IS ENTERED INTO PURSUANT TO AUTHORITY OF:

D. OTHER (Specify type of modification and authority)

E. IMPORTANT: Contractor is not, is required to sign this document and return copies to the issuing office.

14. DESCRIPTION OF AMENDMENT/MODIFICATION (Organized by UCF section headings, including solicitation/contract subject matter where feasible.)

10A. MOD. OF CONTRACT/ORDER NO.

2. AMENDMENT/MODIFICATION NO. 5. PROJECT NO.(If applicable)

6. ISSUED BY

3. EFFECTIVE DATE

07-Oct-2019

CODE

NAVSUP WEAPON SYSTEMS SUPPORT

AARON HEIT, CODE N772.08

5450 CARLISLE PIKE SUITE 410

MECHANICSBURG PA 17050-2411

N00104 7. ADMINISTERED BY (If other than item 6)

4. REQUISITION/PURCHASE REQ. NO.

CODE

See Item 6

FACILITY CODECODE

EMAIL:TEL:

N0010419RK112

SECTION SF 30 BLOCK 14 CONTINUATION PAGE

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

SECTION A - SOLICITATION/CONTRACT FORM

The required response date/time has changed from 18-Oct-2019 02:00 PM to 01-Nov-2019 02:00 PM.

SECTION B - SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICES

The following have been modified:

SECTION B NOTES

SOLICITATION NOTES:

1. Faxed offers will NOT be accepted.

2. Since the Government intends to award without discussion, any exceptions to the requirements of this solicitation should be raised prior to submission of an offer.

3. FAT Samples are to be shipped to NUWC Newport (see SECTION F). These FAT Samples will be retained.

4. Serial Numbers Required. Submit to NUWC- NEWPORT as per Request Form instructions in

Section D.

5. Questions and Answers:

A. "The RFQ says in Section E page 15 that the PLT is contractor testing yet the test spec 6990510 section 3.4.2 says the PLT units after being selected at random by the GOV shall than be submitted to an activity designated by the procuring agency.

Answer: the designated activity is the Vendor, or whomever the vendor sub-contracts out the testing to. The Vendor is responsible for all acceptance testing and certifying all components meet all drawing requirements and specifications.

B. "Is this RFQ saying that the contractor is to do all the PLT testing rather than the USG?"

Answer: Yes, see above.

C. With regards to the 8667525 “igloo” mate to the Mk48 A cable called the connector assy, Ethernet torpedo receptacle:

The RFQ does not call out the USG providing the MATING connector to this 65 pin hermetic end of the assembly. the RFQ only lists the A cable 6894510 and the mate to the showerhead end

(2865875). In order to do hydro testing of the 8667525, we need to mate up to the hermetic end.

What is this Navy p/n? Wouldn’t the Navy need to provide 2 of these mates (1 for electrical testing of the assembly and 1 for hydro testing in the mated condition?)

Answer: The mate to the hermetic header in the igloo is Navy p/n 758023 which is a 65 pin rectangular header (w/o the contacts). The navy contacts that go inside are drawing 757994.

These should be provide as GFE for the Contract so that electrical testing can be performed during the Hydro.

758023 65 PIN Header QTY 6

757994 PIN QTY 260

6. Electronic submission of an offer may be accomplished by attaching your offer to an email directed to aaron.heit@navy.mil. The size limitation of an email through the NAVSUP WSS mail server is 10 MB. All files designated as .zip files will be stripped from any email sent. Files larger than the server limitation may be segregated and sent via several emails as long as they are clearly identified as such. It is highly recommended that the Offeror request email delivery confirmation or other form of acknowledgement to verify that the proposal submission was received.

SECTION E - INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

SECTION E

INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

1. Supplies/services will be inspected/accepted at:

CLIN INSPECT AT INSPECT BY ACCEPT AT ACCEPT BY

0001AA Technical Data See DD1423 See DD1423 See DD1423 See DD1423 0001AB First Article Testing Contractor Government Contractor Government 0001AC Lot Acceptance Testing Contractor Government Contractor Government 0001AD – 0001AF Production Units Contractor Government Contractor Government

If supplies will be packaged at a location different from the offeror address indicated on the solicitation, the offeror shall provide the name and street address of the packaging location:

Packaging House

Address mailto:x.x@navy.mil

PRODUCTION LOT TEST SAMPLES (CONTRACTOR TESTING)

1. Test samples are required from each production lot and are to be tested in accordance with the approved test plan. A production lot shall consist of net deliverable quantity, LOT test sample units, and any retained sample units for investigative purposes as may be required by Section B.

2. The production lot(s) must be manufactured and presented to the Government Quality Assurance Representative (QAR) with all documentation required by section B. The documentation (WAWF-RRs and Ammunition Data Card printed from WARP) accompanying the production lot test samples shall contain the contract number, item, lot number identification, DODIC, NSN, and serial numbers. The presentation of the lot shall be made to the QAR 180 calendar days after date of contract to select the production test samples. If FAT is required, then presentation of lot samples shall be made IAW timetable in Section F. The samples shall be selected, at random, from each production lot, by the QAR within 48 hours for resident QARs, or 7 calendar days for non-resident QARs after presentation of the lot.

3. Sample units removed for testing from different lots shall not be commingled.

4. Production lot testing shall be performed by the Contractor within 30 calendar days of production lot sample selection. Production lot testing shall be witnessed by a representative of the engineering activity and/or the cognizant QAR. The Contractor shall provide written notification to the Contracting Officer, with concurrent notification to the engineering activity, and the QAR, at least 20 calendar days prior to the planned testing date.

NOTE: If a failure occurs during testing and an engineering activity representative is not present, all testing shall be halted and the engineering activity and contracting officer shall be notified within 24 hours. A government representative shall be allowed to participate in the failure investigation in accordance with applicable CDRLs. Contractor testing shall resume upon notification by the Contracting Officer.

5. Disposition of Production Lot Test Samples – Production Lot Testing Samples are subject to destructive testing.

These units cannot be used to meet the total contract quantity.

6. Retained samples, if applicable, shall be sent to the address shown in Section F after lot release.

7. A production lot test report is required and shall be forwarded in accordance with the DD 1423 sequence number A002 requirements to the address shown in Block 14. The test report shall include all results of testing conducted in accordance with the approved test plan.

8. Acceptance, shipment, and payment shall not be accomplished until the production lot test samples have been tested, the required report approved, and the lot has been released for service use. The retained samples, if applicable, shall be shipped to the address provided in Section F of the contract after the lot has been released for service use.

9. The only valid and contractually binding notification of production lot approval, conditional approval, or disapproval shall be in writing and issued by the Contracting Officer. This notification may be made to the Contractor within 60 calendar days after the Contracting Officer receives the production lot test report(s) and all applicable CDRL requirements. Upon receipt of the written approval accepting a production lot(s), the Contractor shall ship the production lot(s) as soon as possible and no later than 15 calendar days after receipt of such notice.

Final acceptance of the production lot(s) shall be the responsibility of the cognizant DCMA QAR, but shall not occur unless and until the production lot approval has been issued in writing by the Contracting Officer.

a) Any notice of approval or conditional approval shall not relieve the Contractor from complying with all requirements of the specifications and all other terms and conditions of this contract.

b) A notice of conditional approval shall state any further action required of the Contractor. In the event the test sample fails to meet the requirements of the specification or drawing, the Contractor shall submit a Failure Analysis and Corrective Action Report (DD Form 1423, sequence number, A003) with all associated costs and expenses to be borne solely by the Contractor.

c) A notice of disapproval may cite reasons for such. If the production lot test report(s) is disapproved by the Contracting Officer, the QAR may be required to select an additional production lot test sample(s) for testing.

This direction may be given by the Contracting Officer in the notice of disapproval. The Contractor shall furnish such additional test sample(s) under the terms and conditions and within the time specified in the notification.

The cost of each additional approval test, and all costs related to such test(s), shall be borne by the Contractor.

Upon approval of the production lot test sample(s) and report(s), the Contracting Officer may equitably adjust the delivery schedule of the contract for only the lot represented by such sample(s). The Government reserves the right to require an equitable decrease of the contract price for any extension of the delivery schedule necessitated by additional test(s) or for any additional costs incurred by the Government due to the need for additional approval test(s).

10. If the Contractor fails to deliver any production lot test sample(s) within the time or times specified, or if the Contracting Officer disapproves any production lot test report(s), the contract may be deemed to have failed to make delivery within the meaning of the "Default" clause of this contract, and this contract may be subject to termination for default. In such an event, failure of the Government to terminate this contract for default shall not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility to meet the delivery schedule for production quantities.

INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE OF TEST PLANS / PROCEDURES

1. The Contractor shall submit a test plan/procedure for Government approval/disapproval as specified in the Contract Data Requirements List (DD Form 1423, sequence number, A001). The test plan shall be submitted within 60 calendar days after contract award date. The Acceptance Test Plan shall identify that test fixtures are available for use at the Contractor’s Facility.

2. Notification of test plan approval, conditional approval, or disapproval shall be in writing and issued by the Contracting Officer. This notification may be made to the Contractor within 30 calendar days after receipt of the production plan/procedure.

3. The notice of approval or conditional approval shall not relieve the Contractor from complying with all requirements of the specifications and all other terms and conditions of this contract.

4. A notice of conditional approval shall state any further action required of the Contractor.

5. A notice of disapproval shall cite the reasons for such. If the plan or procedure is disapproved by the Government, the Contractor may be required, at the option of the Government, to submit a revised plan or procedure for evaluation. After each notification by the Government to submit a revised plan or procedure, the Contractor shall, at no additional cost to the Government, make any necessary revisions or modifications to the plan or procedure. Such revisions shall be furnished in accordance with terms and conditions and within the time specified in the notification. The Government may take action on the resubmitted plan or procedure within the time specified above. The Government reserves the right to require an equitable adjustment of the contract price for any extension of the delivery schedule necessitated by resubmission of the plan or procedure.

6. If the Contractor fails to deliver the plan or procedure within the time specified, or if the Contracting Officer disapproves any plan or procedure, the Contractor shall be deemed to have failed to make delivery within the meaning of the "Default" clause of this contract, and this contract shall be subject to termination for default.

However, failure of the Government in such an event to terminate the contract shall not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility to meet all requirements of the contract including delivery of any first article sample(s), data requirements, and/or production quantities.

7. There is hereby created an option for the Government to waive the requirement for submission of a plan or procedure. If the offeror has had its plan previously approved by the Government, the following information shall be furnished:

Approved by__________________________ Date of approval___________________

Contract number and contractor under which plan/procedure was approved__________________.

Test Plan number, revision date and NSN for which the item was previously approved_____________.

8. If the submission of the plan or procedure is waived, the previously approved plan or procedure shall apply to the contract.

INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

Production Quality Assurance of all items to be furnished hereunder shall be made by the cognizant Government Inspector at the contractor's or sub-contractor's plant. Quality Assurance Inspection System to be in accordance with ISO-9001 and ASQ-Q9000 Series.

NOTE: Acceptance or rejection shall be accomplished by the cognizant GQAR based upon his own inspection(s) and the results of the First Articles or Periodic Production and/or Acceptance Samples from the testing activity to the GQAR via Procurement Contracting Officer (PCO).

QUALITY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS

An inspection lot shall consist of items manufactured under essentially the same conditions and at essentially the same time. Prior to submittal of each inspection lot to the Government Representative, the contractor shall provide inspection/or test records that assure the units presented have passed all inspections and tests required by the applicable drawings, specifications and quality assurance documentation. Unless specified otherwise, as a minimum this inspection and testing shall be in accordance with MIL-STD-105 (MIL-STD-1916), latest revision at issue date of solicitation, inspection Level II, with 100% inspection for critical characteristics, 1.0 AQL (Acceptance Quality Level), for major characteristics and 2.5 AQL for all other characteristics. All defects of the same class will be considered collectively when determined compliance with applicable AQL.

AMMUNITION DATA CARDS AND MATERIAL INSPECTION AND RECEIVING REPORT

1. Under the direction of MIL-STD-1168 (current version), the Contractor shall furnish Ammunition Data Cards (ADC) for each shipment (test and production) as generated using the Worldwide Ammunition-data Repository Program (WARP). Preparation instructions are found in DI-MISC-80043B and on the WARP website in the WARP User's Manual.

All components and subassemblies shall be listed on the ADC per DI-MISC-80043B, paragraph 3, in accordance with DD 1423 sequence number A004. A printed copy of the ADC from WARP shall be included with each Shipment.

NOTE: The WARP system for Ammo Data Cards requires contractors to hold a certificate to access the system and communicate with the secure DoD server.

The site to obtain ECA Access Certificate is: http://www.identrust.com/warp/index.html http://www.identrust.com/warp/index.html

The WARP login website is: https://mhpwarp.redstone.army.mil

2. Lot numbers for all explosive components and explosive subassemblies shall be in accordance with MIL-STD- 1168 (Ammunition Lot Numbering and Ammunition Data Card), and shall be included in the components section of the Ammunition Data Card.

3. In accordance with the DFAR clause at 252.246-7000, Material Inspection and Receiving Report, the Contractor shall prepare and furnish to the Government a WAWF Receiving Report (WAWF-RR) at the time of each delivery (test and production). Preparation instructions are found in the DFAR Supplement Appendix F.

If the date cited in WAWF-RR is an estimated "ship date", the Contractor shall make distribution of a corrected WAWF-RR indicating the "actual ship date" within 24 hours after actual shipment. The following additional data shall be furnished on the WAWF-RR:

a. Complete lot number

b. Total lot size (consists of net, test, and investigative).

c. Serial numbers of units shipped to consignee.

d. Net quantity shipped to destination.

1) Item quantity shipped to consignee

2) Total item quantity shipped to consignee

3) Item quantity due consignee

4. The contractor shall make distribution of the ADC and WAWF-RR in accordance with the information provided in Section H no later than 24 hours after shipment. When Item 0001, 0002, etc. is indicated under the designator, the Contractor shall furnish all shipping documents for all SUBCLINs under that line item.

SECTION I - CONTRACT CLAUSES

SECTION I

FAR 52.242-2 PRODUCTION PROGRESS REPORTS DD Form 375 OR EQUIVALENT

(a) The contractor shall prepare and submit a Production Progress Report (DD Form 1423, sequence number, A005) for the following contract items: "ALL CONTRACT LINE ITEMS"

(b) The report shall be submitted via mailed or emailed on or before the 5th day of each month. The report shall be distributed as set forth in paragraph (c).

https://mhpwarp.redstone.army.mil/

(c) The Production Progress Report shall be distributed as follows:

Addressee No. of Copies Commanding Officer NAVSUP Weapon Systems Support (WSS) 1 N772.13; Aaron Heit 5450 Carlisle Pike, suite 410 Mechanicsburg, PA 17050-2411 aaron.heit@navy.mil

Administrative Contracting Officer 1 Block 6 of Standard Form 26

Commanding Officer NAVSUP Ammunition Logistics Center (ALC) 1 A112; Chris Capasso 5450 Carlisle Pike, suite 407N, B3 Mechanicsburg, Pa 17050-2411 chris.capasso@navy.mil

(d) The report shall contain the following information:

(1) The problem, actual or potential and its cause;

(2) Items and quantities affected;

(3) When the delinquency started or will start;

(4) Action taken to overcome the delinquency;

(5) Estimated recovery date; and/or

(6) Proposed schedule revision.

FAR 52.209-3 FIRST ARTICLE APPROVAL - CONTRACTOR TESTING (Sep 1989)

(a) The Contractor shall test 4 EA unit(s) of Lot/Item 0001AB as specified in this contract. At least 30 calendar days before the beginning of first article tests, the Contractor shall notify the Contracting Officer, in writing, of the time and location of the testing so that the Government may witness the tests.

(b) The Contractor shall submit the first article test report within 180 calendar days from the date of this contract to NAVSUP WSS Code N742.12 marked “First Article Test Report: Contract No. _______, Lot/Item No. _______” Within 60 calendar days after the Government receives the test report, the Contracting Officer shall notify the Contractor, in writing, of the conditional approval, approval, or disapproval of the first article. The notice of conditional approval or approval shall not relieve the Contractor from complying with all requirements of the specifications and all other terms and conditions of this contract. A notice of conditional approval shall state any further action required of the Contractor. A notice of disapproval shall cite reasons for the disapproval.

(c) If the first article is disapproved, the Contractor, upon Government request, shall repeat any or all first article tests. After each request for additional tests, the Contractor shall make any necessary changes, modifications, or repairs to the first article or select another first article for testing. All costs related to these tests are to be borne by the Contractor, including any and all costs for additional tests following disapproval. The Contractor shall then conduct the tests and deliver another report to the Government under the terms and conditions and within the mailto:aaron.heit@navy.mil mailto:chris.capasso@navy.mil time specified by the Government. The Government shall take action on this report within the time specified in paragraph (b) of this subsection. The Government reserves the right to require an equitable adjustment of the contract price for any extension of the delivery schedule, or for any additional costs to the Government related to these tests.

(d) If the Contractor fails to deliver any first article report on time, or the Contracting Officer disapproves any first article, the Contractor shall be deemed to have failed to make delivery within the meaning of the Default clause of this contract.

(e) Unless otherwise provided in the contract, and if the approved first article is not consumed or destroyed in testing, the Contractor may deliver the approved first article as part of the contract quantity if it meets all contract requirements for acceptance.

(f) If the Government does not act within the time specified in paragraph (b) or (c) of this subsection, the Contracting Officer shall, upon timely written request from the Contractor, equitably adjust under the changes clause of this contract the delivery or performance dates and/or the contract price, and any other contractual term affected by the delay.

(g) Before first article approval, the acquisition of materials or components for, or the commencement of production of, the balance of the contract quantity is at the sole risk of the Contractor. Before first article approval, the costs thereof shall not be allocable to this contract for (1) progress payments, or (2) termination settlements if the contract is terminated for the convenience of the Government.

(h) The Government may waive the requirement for first article approval test where supplies identical or similar to those called for in the schedule have been previously furnished by the offeror/contractor and have been accepted by the Government. The offeror/contractor may request a waiver.

Alternate I (Jan 1997). As prescribed in 9.308-1(a)(2) and (b)(2), add the following paragraph (i) to the basic clause:

(i) The Contractor shall produce both the first article and the production quantity at the same facility.

GOVERNMENT FURNISHED PROPERTY (APR 2017)

1. The Government will furnish the following property to the Contractor for use in performance of this contract:

2. Attachment 1, Consolidated Listing of Government Furnished Property, shall be completed by the Contracting Officer and uploaded to Electronic Document Access (EDA) as an attachment. Additional information can be found at DFARS PGI (245.103 & 245.201-70).

Property Quantity Specification or Drawing

Umbilical Cable 4 6894510

Torpedo Receptacle 4 8667525

Torpedo Tube Cable Connector 1 2865875

65 PIN Header 4 758023

Pin 260 757994

Delivery of such property will be made by NUWC Newport

3. The property will be delivered, at the Government's expense, at or near:

https://acquisition.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%209_3.html#wp1078466

POC:

Address:

4. The Contractor shall notify the Contracting Officer, in writing, with a concurrent copy to the cognizant DCMA office at least ninety (90) days prior to the need for the Government Furnished Property (GFP).

The GFP request shall clearly indicate the following information:

a. Contract Number

b. End Item Nomenclature and DODIC

c. Quantity of GFP required

d. Complete address to which GFP is to be delivered

e. Date GFP is required

5. Only the property listed above, in the quantity shown, will be furnished by the Government. The total quantity of GFP provided will include First Article/Preproduction Testing, if required, lot acceptance, and normal attrition.

6. The Government reserves the right to initially forward only the appropriate amount of GFP applicable to the First Article quantity (as described in Section B Supplies/Services) within 90 days of the Contractor's request. The GFP applicable to the Production units and the Lot Acceptance Test Samples (as described in Section B Supplies/Services) will be forwarded within 60 days after the approval of the First Article Test requirement and subsequent release to production by the Contracting Officer, per program plan of section H of this contract.

7. The Contractor shall notify the Contracting Officer, in writing, within thirty (30) days after GFP is determined to be lost, damaged, destroyed, no longer usable, or no longer needed for the performance of the contract.

8. If the Contractor determines that additional GFP is needed prior to contract award or during contract performance, the Contractor shall submit a written request to the Contracting Officer. In order for the request to be considered, the Contractor must provide justification for the need for additional GFP. If additional GFP is requested by the Contractor and issued by NSWC Newport during contract performance, the contract price will be reduced to compensate for the additional GFP.

9. All other property required for performance of this contract shall be furnished by the Contractor.

10. The contractor shall use a DD Form 1149, Requisition and Invoice Shipping Document for transfer of GFP.

11. DISPOSITIONING - The Contractor shall request disposition instructions from the Contracting Officer for any residual GFP. Any residual GFP must be in a container clearly marked with the NSN and lot number. It must also be free from any hazardous waste. Contents and marking shall be verified by the Government QAR.

Residual GFP shall be dispositioned within thirty (30) days after acceptance of the final production lot.

Additionally, the Contractor shall notify the receiving activity, in writing, at least thirty (30) days prior to shipment.

A detailed list of material being returned shall be provided. Failure to comply may result in rejection of the material at the destination. Any costs associated with return of unauthorized shipments shall be borne by the Contractor.

(End of Summary of Changes)