MassDOT_2026_Standard_Specifications_for_Highways_and_Bridges,_Division_II,_Construction_Details.pdf

COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS

for Highways and Bridges

2026 Edition

DIVISION II

Massachusetts Department of Transportation – Highway Division Standard Specifications for Highways and Bridges i 2026 Edition

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 100: Earthwork, Grading, Demolition, Rodent Control and Borings

Subsection 101: Clearing and Grubbing Subsection 112: Demolition of Buildings, Structures and Bridges Subsection 119: Control of Rodents Subsection 120: Excavation Subsection 140: Excavation for Structures Subsection 148: Dredging Subsection 150: Embankment Subsection 160: Controlled Low-Strength Material Subsection 170: Grading Subsection 190: Borings

Section 200: Drainage Subsection 201: Basins, Manholes and Inlets Subsection 220: Adjustment, Rebuilding and Remodeling of Drainage Structures Subsection 227: Drainage System Sediment Subsection 230: Culverts, Storm Drains, and SewEr Pipes Subsection 258: Stone for Pipe Ends Subsection 259: Crushed Stone for Bleeders Subsection 260: Subdrains Subsection 270: Pipes Removed and Relaid or Stacked Subsection 280: Waterways

Section 300: Water Systems Subsection 301: Water Systems

Section 400: Sub-Base, Base Courses, Shoulders, Pavements and Berms Subsection 401: Gravel Sub-Base Subsection 402: Dense Graded Crushed Stone for Sub-Base Subsection 403: Reclaimed Pavement for Base Course and/or Sub-Base Subsection 404: Reclaimed Pavement Borrow Material Subsection 415: Pavement Milling Subsection 430: Cement Concrete Base Course Subsection 440: Roadway Dust Control Subsection 445: Shoulders Subsection 450: Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement Subsection 460: Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement for Local Streets Subsection 466: Stress Absorbing Membrane & Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayer Subsection 470: Hot Mix Asphalt Berm Subsection 472: Temporary Asphalt Patching Subsection 476: Cement Concrete Pavement Subsection 477: Milled Rumble Strips Subsection 480: Pavement Crack Sealing Subsection 482: Sawcutting ii 2026 Edition

Subsection 485: Granite Rubble Block Pavement Subsection 486: Ultrathin Bonded Overlay

Section 500: Curb and Edging Subsection 501: Curb, Curb Inlets, Curb Corners and Edging Subsection 580: Curb or Edging Removed and Reset; Removed and Stacked or

Removed and Discarded

Section 600: Highway Guard, Fences and Walls Subsection 601: Guardrail Subsection 628: Impact Attenuators Subsection 629: Concrete Barrier Subsection 630: Maintenance of Highway Guard Subsection 644: Chain Link Fences and Gates Subsection 660: Metal Pipe Rail Subsection 665: Fences and Gates Removed and Reset, and Removed and Stacked Subsection 670: Sedimentation Fence Subsection 685: Stone Masonry Wall Subsection 690: Walls Removed and Rebuilt

Section 700: Incidental Work Subsection 701: Cement Concrete Sidewalks, Pedestrian Curb Ramps and Driveways Subsection 702: Hot Mix Asphalt Sidewalks and Driveways Subsection 710: Bounds Subsection 715: Rural MailBoxes Removed and Reset Subsection 722: Construction Scheduling Subsection 740: Engineer’s Field Office Subsection 746: Transportation Vehicle Subsection 748: Mobilization Subsection 751: Loam Subsection 760: Impervious Soil Borrow Subsection 765: Seeding Subsection 766: Refertilization Subsection 767: Mulching and Erosion Control Subsection 769: Pavement Milling Mulch Under Guardrail Subsection 770: Sodding Subsection 771: Planting Trees, Shrubs and Groundcover

Section 800: Traffic Control Devices Subsection 801: Conduit, Manholes, Handholes, Pull Boxes and Foundations Subsection 813: Wiring, Grounding and Service Connections Subsection 815: Traffic Control Signals Subsection 820: Highway Lighting Subsection 824: Flashing Beacons, Illuminated Warning Signs, and Lighted Barrier

Arrows Subsection 825: Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons Subsection 828: Traffic Signs iii 2026 Edition

Subsection 840: Sign Supports Subsection 850: Traffic Controls for Construction and Maintenance Operations Subsection 853: Temporary Barrier Subsection 860: Reflectorized Pavement Markings Subsection 871: Non-Motorized Traffic Data Collection

Section 900: Structures Subsection 901: Cement Concrete Subsection 902: Ultra-High Performance Concrete Subsection 922: Elastomeric Bearing Pads Subsection 940: Driven Piles Subsection 945: Drilled Shafts Subsection 950: Sheeting Subsection 955: Treated Timber Subsection 960: Structural Steel and Miscellaneous Metal Products Subsection 961: Maintenance Painting of Steel Bridges Subsection 965: Membrane Waterproofing for New Bridge Decks Subsection 966: Membrane Waterproofing for Bridge Deck Repairs Subsection 970: Damp-Proofing Subsection 971: Asphaltic Bridge Joint System Subsection 972: Strip Seal Bridge Joint System Subsection 975: Metal Bridge Railings, Protective Screens and Snow Fences Subsection 983: Revetment Subsection 995: Bridge Structure Subsection 996: Noise Barrier Structure

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

Section 100: Earthwork, Grading, Demolition, Rodent Control and Borings

Section 200: Drainage

Section 300: Water Systems

Section 400: Sub-Base, Base Courses, Shoulders, Pavements and Berms

Section 500: Curb and Edging

Section 600: Highway Guard, Fences and Walls

Section 700: Incidental Work

Section 800: Traffic Control Devices

Section 900: Structures

II.1 2026 Edition

SECTION 100: EARTHWORK, GRADING, DEMOLITION, RODENT

CONTROL AND BORINGS

SUBSECTION 101: CLEARING AND GRUBBING

DESCRIPTION

101.20: General

This work shall consist of clearing, grubbing, cutting, removal and disposal of all vegetation and debris from areas as shown on the plans or designated by the Engineer. The work shall also include the preservation from injury or defacement of all vegetation and objects designated by the Engineer to remain.

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

101.60: General

The burning of trees, brush, stumps, etcetera, will not be permitted. The Contractor shall provide other satisfactory methods of disposal without additional compensation.

The Contractor shall obtain written permission of the Engineer before storing debris within the Right-of-Way. Any clearing operations beyond the limits set by the Engineer shall be done with the approval of the Engineer and at the Contractor’s expense. All such areas shall be restored to a condition acceptable to the Engineer including necessary mulching, seeding, and planting without additional compensation.

The Engineer shall be provided with notarized copies of agreements between the Contractor and owners of land used as disposal or storage areas.

When fencing is installed outside normal clearing areas, every reasonable effort shall be made to preserve trees or shrubs whose removal is not essential to the installation of the fencing.

Acceptable material obtained on the project may be used to produce wood chip mulch. The Contractor shall use an approved chipper and ¼-in. knife setting as described under M6.04.3: Wood Chip Mulch. Material obtained from Elm trees shall not be accepted for use.

Wood chips produced on the project shall be stockpiled within the location and used where and as directed.

Except for materials used for making wood chip mulch, the Contractor shall make all arrangements and negotiations necessary for the satisfactory disposal of trees, shrubs, stumps, roots, dead wood and other litter, in areas outside the Right-of-Way and in such manner that no condition or accumulation of material shall be permitted to disfigure or mar the finished landscape.

101.61: Clearing and Grubbing

The stumps of all trees, brush and major roots shall be grubbed and removed in all excavation areas and under all embankments where the original ground level is within 3 ft of the subgrade or slope of embankments.

II.2 2026 Edition

All trees, stumps, and brush shall be cut off within 6 in. of the ground in embankment areas where the original ground level is more than 3 ft below the subgrade or slope of embankments.

Trees and shrubs that are specifically designated by the Engineer not to be cut, removed, destroyed or trimmed shall be saved from harm and injury.

All damage done to trees by the Contractor’s operation and all branches of trees extending within the roadway shall be trimmed as directed to provide the minimum vertical clearance including selective trimming of such trees as directed.

101.62: Tree Trimming and Selective Clearing and Thinning

101.62.A: General

The work under this item shall consist of the removal of hazardous growth and dead, dying or diseased plant material; the removal of groups and individual plants which interfere with the growth of more desirable types of trees and the clearing away of lesser growth that may obscure outstanding trees, tree groups, or scenic views. Any part of tree trunks or base of plant material located on the Location Lines shall be considered within the State Highway Limits.

Densely wooded areas shall be thinned to provide space for healthy growth by eliminating thinner, weaker trees and the reduction of number of varieties.

The desired appearance to be attained in certain areas of heavy growth may require three or more operations. First, the obvious dead, dying and diseased trees and undergrowth shall be cut and cleared out of the area. This work includes removal of any previously fallen trees, branches, uprooted stumps and other debris as directed. Next, the area is to be thinned out, as directed, by removing the less desirable trees and brush which interfere with the growth of the better plant material. Finally, clear out lesser growth which may obscure outstanding trees, tree groups or scenic views.

Tree up-branching and shaping under this item will be restricted to trees which have limbs and branches restricting sight distance, extending over roadways, shoulders, turn outs, etc. Up-branching or trimming will be required to produce the minimum vertical clearance directed by the Engineer.

101.62.B: Prosecution of Work

(Supplementing Subsection 8.03: Prosecution of Work)

All trimming and pruning shall conform to ANSI A300 For Tree Care Operations - Tree, Shrub, and Other Woody Plant Management - Standard Practices.

Recognized tree surgery practices include among many others, the fact that all limbs and branches which require removal and all stubs regardless of age must be cut flush either to a union with the next larger sound limb or branch or flush to the trunk of the tree.

The cutting shall be performed by arborists with the ISA Tree Worker Climber Specialist certification. Care shall be exercised by the Contractor to prevent injury to trees and shrubs designed to be preserved. Any injury to limbs, bark or roots of such plants shall be repaired by the Contractor, as directed, or the plants replaced without additional compensation for such repair or replacement. Injury to limbs, bark or roots of such plants shall be repaired or the plants replaced by

II.3 2026 Edition the Contractor, at the discretion of the Engineer, without additional compensation for such repair or replacement.

101.62.C: Cutting and Treatment of Stumps and Stubble

Standing trees, undesirable brush and existing stumps to be removed shall be cut flush with the ground and a 2-in. tolerance permitted and the resulting stumps or stubble.

The Contractor shall use all necessary precautions to prevent injury to crops or damage to other desirable growth on private abutting property, as well as to those within the Right-of-Way, and shall assume full responsibility for any damage.

101.62.D: Disposal of Cuttings

The Contractor may dispose of cut material by processing into a wood chip mulch as described in M6.04.3: Wood Chip Mulch and spreading uniformly throughout the cleared and thinned areas as directed by the Engineer.

101.63: Disposition of Trees, Stumps and Brush All trees, tree stumps, including trunk base, root flare and attached root mass and brush to be cleared shall be subject to the regulations and requirements of state and local authorities governing the disposal of such materials. Trees, stumps and brush shall be chipped to 1-in. maximum chip dimension and spread to a depth not to exceed 4 in., in a location approved by the Engineer, at no additional compensation.

The trees, stumps and brush including cuttings, shall not be stored on site for more than 24 hours unless chipped.

If the existing ground in the area is disturbed by any of the work or equipment, the Contractor shall rough-grade and loam and seed if necessary the disturbed areas without additional compensation.

The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that any and all plant pests on site shall not be carried off site and shall be either destroyed or otherwise contained on site. Plant pests shall include invasive plants, noxious weeds, insect pests, and plant diseases (including infected plant tissue). Method of destruction or containment shall be approved by the Engineer. If invasive or contaminated material cannot be either destroyed or contained on site, contractor shall submit plans for disposal for approval by the Engineer. For current list of plant pests and applicable management procedures see the following on-line references:

Invasive Plants: https://massnrc.org/mipag/speciesreviewed_alpha.htm

Plant Pests: http://www.massnrc.org/pests/factsheets.htm#commodity

COMPENSATION

101.80: Method of Measurement Both Clearing and Clearing and Grubbing shall be measured by the horizontal plane area and will be the number of acres within the limiting stations of the project and/or as designated by the Engineer and the outside limits of measurement shall extend to a point 5 ft beyond the top or bottom of slopes, excluding existing roadway and shoulder surfaces, streams or bodies of water.

https://massnrc.org/mipag/speciesreviewed_alpha.htm http://www.massnrc.org/pests/factsheets.htm#commodity

II.4 2026 Edition

Areas outside of the limits specified above, when cleared and grubbed in connection with the construction of fences and noise barriers shall be computed on the basis of a 10-ft width multiplied by the total length installed, and when done in connection with excavating ditches or trenches the width shall be limited to 5 ft beyond the outer edges of the excavation.

Measurement of selective clearing and thinning will be based on the actual number of acres which receive the required attention. Approximate locations will be shown on the plans or detail sheets and as designated in the field by the Engineer.

Trees and stumps, regardless of size, that fall within an area to be cleared and grubbed or selectively cleared and thinned shall not be measured separately for payment.

Only trees that have a shortest diameter of at least 9 in. and less than 2 ft shall be included in Item

103. Trees Removed (Diameter Under 2 feet). Only trees that have a shortest diameter of 2 ft or more shall be included in the Item 104. Trees Removed (Diameter 2 feet and Over).

Tree trimming shall be measured along the length of the tree trimming operation. Sections along the length of the tree trimming operation where no trees are required to be trimmed for a length of 30 ft or more shall be subtracted from the total length of the tree trimming operation.

The item of Stumps Removed shall include the removal and satisfactory disposal of all tree stumps which remain in their original position and measure 9 in. or more in shortest diameter at the cutoff point, where the trees have been previously removed by others. A stump shall not be construed as a tree under these specifications unless the trunk extends over 6 ft above the average ground.

Trees or stumps to be removed which have the shortest diameter specified for payment will be measured in place by the following procedure:

Where the tree consists of a single trunk extending more than a 3 ft vertical height above the average natural ground line, the shortest diameter shall be measured at the 3-ft level above the average elevation of the original ground.

Any tree whose main trunk separates into multiple trunks or which has limbs or branches growing out from the main trunk below the 3-ft level defined hereinbefore shall have its shortest diameter measured at the lowest point on the main trunk where multiple growth or branching out begins.

The shortest diameter of a stump shall be measured at the cutoff except that where multiple growth begins below cutoff, the shortest diameter shall be measured at the main trunk where multiple growth begins.

Measurement for payment under the respective items shall be such that any individual growth to be classed as a tree stump shall be measured in a manner to limit payment to one single tree or stump at each particular location of the individual growth. When multiple trunks with a common root system are separated at ground level each separate trunk shall be considered as an individual growth under these specifications.

The quantity of trees or stumps to be paid for will be the number actually removed by the Contractor in the completed and accepted work as determined by count.

II.5 2026 Edition

101.81: Basis of Payment Clearing and Grubbing will be paid at the contract unit price per acre and shall include the removal of all brush, trees, stumps and roots within the designated area. No separate payment will be made for any individual trees or stumps removed within the area.

Clearing will be paid at the contract unit price per acre and shall include the removal of all brush undergrowth and trees, within the designated area. No separate payment will be made for any individual trees removed within the area.

Selective Clearing and Thinning will be paid at the contract unit price per acre and shall include the removal of all trees as directed, brush, dead, dying and diseased trees, previously fallen trees, branches, uprooted stumps and other debris within the designated area. No separate payment will be made for any individual trees or stumps removed within the area.

When clearing or clearing and grubbing work is not included in the proposal as a payment item, payment for any such work will be included in the excavation or borrow items.

Individual trees to be removed will be paid for at the contract unit price per each and shall include the stump and major root systems. Only trees having a shortest diameter of 9 in. and over as defined in 101.80: Method of Measurement shall be measured for payment.

Tree Trimming will be paid for at the contract unit price per foot.

Stumps to be removed, as defined in 101.80: Method of Measurement, will be paid at the contract unit price per each and shall include the major root system.

The contract unit price shall include the cost of all arrangements and methods required to protect from harm all existing overhead or underground installations.

No payment shall be allowed for preparation and spreading of wood chips.

101.82: Payment Items

Item number Description Unit

101. Clearing and Grubbing Acre

101.1 Clearing Acre

102. Selective Clearing and Thinning Acre

102.1 Tree Trimming Foot

103. Tree Removed (Diameter Under 2 feet) Each

104. Tree Removed (Diameter 2 feet and Over) Each

105. Stump Removed Each

II.6 2026 Edition

SUBSECTION 112: DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND BRIDGES

DESCRIPTION

112.20: General The work to be done consists of demolishing completely such buildings and structures as are listed in the Proposal.

Said demolishing of the buildings shall be done on the site. Buildings as such shall not be removed intact from the site by the Contractor nor shall they be sold to others for such removal.

“Buildings” or “Structures” shall be considered interchangeable terms within the scope of these Specifications.

The Contractor shall not proceed with the demolition of any building or structure until they receive written approval.

Structures which must be removed, and which are not listed in the Proposal will be removed by others at the direction of the Department. The Contractor's attention is directed to the relevant provisions of Subsection 8.04: Removal or Demolition of Buildings and Land Takings, Subsection 8.08: Preservation of Roadside Growth, and Subsection 9.05: Final Acceptance and Final Payment, wherein it is stipulated that the Contractor shall have no claim for damages for any delay in the prosecution of the work under any of these items, or for the omission of any one or more of the items scheduled in the Proposal.

The Department may withdraw from the Contract any or all of the structures which are scheduled for demolishing and for which items are included in the Proposal, and the Contractor shall, in this case, have no redress against the Department for any loss in anticipated profits. The Contractor's attention is further directed to the probability that delay may be encountered in the prosecution of demolition or removal work and that as stipulated in said Subsection 8.04: Removal or Demolition of Buildings and Land Takings and Subsection 8.05: Claim for Delay or Suspension of the Work, the Contractor shall have no claim for damages for any delay in the prosecution of work hereunder, except as provided.

The Contractor shall be solely responsible for making all necessary arrangements and for performing any necessary work to the satisfaction of the Utility Companies and Municipal Departments involved in connection with the discontinuance or interruption of all public utilities or services, such as gas, water, sewer, electricity, and telephone, which will be affected by the work to be done under the Removal items specified in the Proposal.

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

112.60: Demolition of Buildings and Structures Each item for demolition includes the demolition of the building or buildings as identified and described under the particular item listed in the Proposal, and the satisfactory disposal of the buildings and all contents therein. Basements shall be completely cleaned of all unsuitable materials and debris, all partition walls, and supports for the appurtenances to the buildings.

II.7 2026 Edition

The foundation walls of the structures shall be broken down to a depth of not less than 1 ft below the existing ground level.

Cellar floors shall be broken into pieces having an area not more than 4 ft² with well-defined cracks through the full depth of the floor.

Holes having an area of not less than 1 ft² shall be made through the floor at intervals of not more than 10 ft lengthwise and crosswise, to provide vertical drainage.

Buildings without basements or cellars having concrete or masonry floors or slabs at ground level, when demolished, shall be removed to the ground floor grade. The floor or slab shall be removed and the area graded as directed.

All fences, debris, etc., on the parcel on which the building that is demolished is located shall be removed and the parcel left in a reasonably neat and safe condition

In case the building to be removed is served by a septic tank or cesspool, or underground fuel tanks, such structure or structures and appurtenant pipes shall be broken down or removed and all resulting cavities satisfactorily filled with selected excavated material placed in 1-ft layers and thoroughly compacted. If directed, the Contractor shall remove the contents of said structures prior to disturbing them, and the disposal thereof shall conform to the requirements of the local Board of Health. Underground fuel tanks and contents shall become the property of the Contractor and shall be carefully handled and removed and immediately disposed of in compliance with applicable safety and pollution control regulations.

The Department assumes no responsibility for any changes in the condition of the buildings, or for loss of fixtures, or equipment at any time.

All materials resulting from the demolition of the buildings shall become the property of the Contractor and they shall dispose the same outside and away from the site, except all acceptable solid fill shall be used in filling cellar holes before borrow is used. Solid fill shall consist of noncombustible material, such as brick, stone and plaster (but not wood lath) and shall contain no piece larger than ½ yd³ in volume, or greater than 3 ft in dimension. All materials which consist of hazardous substances such as lead paint, asbestos, petroleum products, etcetera, shall be disposed of in accordance with state and federal environmental regulations. Acceptable materials from removal may be placed no higher than 1 ft below existing grade. All pipes and other conduits encountered and to be abandoned on account of the demolition shall be plugged with brick and mortar. Drainage structures shall be removed completely and the cavity completely filled with selected excavated material or borrow in 18-in. layers and thoroughly compacted.

A minimum depth of at least 1 ft of ordinary borrow shall be used as a cover and shall be reasonably leveled. The areas adjacent to the site of the removal shall be left in a neat and safe condition satisfactory to the Engineer. Upon completion of the work, all cellar holes shall be filled to the grade of adjacent ground in the manner specified hereinabove.

The Contractor shall protect all buildings which adjoin a structure to be demolished and shall leave the same in a permanently safe and satisfactory condition.

In accordance with the provisions of Subsection 7.10: Barricades and Warning Signs, Contractor shall erect suitable fences around unfilled basements and other dangerous locations created by

II.8 2026 Edition their work, during demolition and prior to filling of cellar holes or cavities. All costs in connection with such fences shall be included in the contract price for the appropriate demolition item.

112.61: Demolition of Bridges The Contractor shall not disturb any utility or property carrying water, gas. telephone, electric or similar service across the bridge unless they are permitted to do so by the Engineer.

If the Contractor is directed to make any repairs or to do any maintenance work on the present superstructure or bridge supports during the period it is open for public travel, the Contractor shall do the directed work in accordance with the provisions of Subsection 4.03: Extra Work.

The Contractor shall assume responsibility for the maintenance and safety of the present superstructure or bridge immediately on notice to them that the Engineer has closed the bridge to the public.

Where the bridge to be removed is over a railroad all work of removing the bridge superstructure and bridge supports shall be done at such times and in such manner as will cause the least possible interference with the operation, management, business or traffic of the railroad.

Demolition of Present Superstructure

All materials in or on the superstructure of the present bridge, its supporting beams and braces, shall be satisfactorily removed. Such material as the present owner desires which are specified in the Special Provisions shall be stacked near the site as directed and convenient for removal by owner. The material that the present owner does not specify shall become the property of the Contractor.

Demolition of Present Bridge

The work under this item shall include the removal and satisfactory disposal of the entire superstructure, as specified above, and the removal and satisfactory disposal of the substructure to the extent that the slopes in the abutment area will match the slopes of the adjacent embankment.

Materials resulting from removal may be used as embankment materials on the project, if approved by the Engineer, without any additional compensation to the Contractor.

Stone, concrete masonry or other support shall be removed so that none of it will come within 2 ft of the finished slopes or within 3 ft of the roadway surface, and the remaining space shall then be backfilled.

When the bridge to be removed is over water, all parts of piers or other supports in the water shall be removed to the elevation of the bed of the stream or other body of water or as indicated on the plans or in the Special Provisions.

COMPENSATION

112.80: Method of Measurement Ordinary borrow shall be measured as described under 150.80: Method of Measurement.

II.9 2026 Edition

112.81: Basis of Payment The work will be paid for at the contract lump sum price under the respective item for the particular building, structure or bridge designated to be demolished as set forth in the Proposal, which price shall include full compensation for all the work prescribed herein, except furnishing and placing ordinary borrow for cover where required.

112.82: Payment Items

Item number Description Unit

112.1 Demolition of Building No. Lump Sum

114.1 Demolition of Superstructure of Bridge No. Lump Sum

115.1 Demolition of Bridge No. Lump Sum

SUBSECTION 119: CONTROL OF RODENTS

DESCRIPTION

119.20: General

The work to be done consists of the control (extermination) of rodents, prior to the demolition of buildings, in dump areas, landfills or other areas so designated by the Engineer.

119.60: Control (Extermination)

This work shall consist of two phases as follows:

119.6.A: Initial Treatment

This phase shall start immediately after execution of the Contract and shall be applied in all buildings to be razed and to all other buildings and areas within the limits of construction where, in the Engineer's judgement, rodents have gathered or may gather during the construction period. A toxic material consisting of zinc phosphide pre-packaged acute toxicants or another acute anti-coagulant which has been approved by the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources, Pesticide Board, with a suitable bait shall be used. The treated bait shall be placed in all structures to be demolished so as to attract the greatest possible number of rodents; and in accordance with best practice.

119.6.B Maintenance

One week (more or less, as directed) after the “Initial Treatment,” the Contractor shall start a program of maintenance to rid the structures and adjacent areas within the limits of this Contract of any remaining rodents, their carcasses, and to prevent their migration to other adjacent areas. The toxicant should be an acute anticoagulant pre-mixed bait and used in accordance with the labeled and regulatory laws.

All visible carcasses of rodents shall be removed and disposed satisfactorily.

The toxic bait shall be renewed semi-monthly or as directed, throughout said maintenance period until the structures have been demolished and the cellar holes have been filled to the extent required.

II.10 2026 Edition

All extermination operations shall be in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Municipality and State Health Departments.

COMPENSATION

119.80: Method of Measurement

The work will be paid for at the contract lump sum price.

119.81: Basis of Payment

The work will be paid for at the contract lump sum price.

119.82: Payment Items

Item number Description Unit

119. Rodent Control Lump Sum

SUBSECTION 120: EXCAVATION

DESCRIPTION

120.20: General

This work shall consist of excavation or disposal of all materials not being removed under some other item which is encountered within the limits of the Contract in accordance with the specifications and in close conformity with the lines, grades, thicknesses and cross sections shown on the plans or established by the Engineer. All excavation will be classified as “Earth Excavation,” “Class A Rock Excavation,” “Muck Excavation,” and “Unclassified Excavation,” as hereafter described.

Materials from all classes of excavation which are unsuitable, and any surplus of suitable materials remaining after completing the formation of embankments, shoulders, approaches, widening of roadway or embankment slopes as directed or backfilling, will be known as waste and shall be disposed of by the Contractor outside the Right-of-Way at their responsibility and expense. Waste material shall not be disposed of in the flood channel areas of any stream.

Existing concrete foundations, if not interfering with the proposed construction, may be abandoned in place with approval of the Engineer. Foundations under the roadway surface shall be removed to a depth of 3 ft below finished grade. Foundations outside of the roadway surface shall be removed to a depth of 1 ft below the proposed finished grade.

120.21: Earth Excavation

Earth Excavation shall consist of all excavation not included as Class A Rock Excavation or excavation which is otherwise classified and paid for.

Earth Excavation shall also include as incidental to the general work the removal and disposal of abandoned junk cars, trash, signs, fences, guardrail, guide posts, hot mix asphalt berms and debris of every nature.

II.11 2026 Edition

120.22: Class A Rock Excavation

When encountered within the limits of roadway or channel excavation. Class A Rock Excavation shall consist of:

• Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock which cannot be excavated without blasting or the use of rippers.

• All rock, stone, parts of stone, brick or cement concrete pavement, parts of cemented stone walls or masonry structures measuring 1 yd³ or more that require blasting for removal.

120.23: Muck Excavation

Muck excavation shall consist of the removal and disposal of saturated or unsaturated mixtures of soils and organic matter not suitable for foundation material regardless of moisture content.

120.26: Unclassified Excavation

This work shall consist of all earth excavation as specified in 120.21: Earth Excavation, rock excavation as specified in 120.22: Class A Rock Excavation, and all other excavation not provided elsewhere in the contract.

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

120.60: General

120.60.A: Sequence of Operations

When required, the Contractor shall so prosecute their work that traffic will be maintained over and through the work with a maximum of safety and convenience in accordance with the provisions of Subsection 7.09: Public Safety and Convenience.

The sequence of all excavation operations, earth or rock, shall be such as to ensure the most efficient utilization of excavated materials into embankments (as specified in Subsection 150:

Embankment) and the use of a minimum amount of borrow. When the plans require excavation in areas in close proximity to existing roads, structures and utilities it shall be the responsibility of the Contractor at their expense to construct suitable drainage ditches or use other satisfactory means and methods to protect and maintain the stability of such roads, and structures located immediately adjacent to but outside the limits of excavation.

The Contractor's attention is directed to the requirements of the provisions for the prevention of water pollution and erosion control. The Contractor shall prosecute the work as to prevent the ponding of water. Each lift of excavation shall be visibly crowned to allow drainage of surface and rainwater.

120.60.B: Disposal of Excavated Materials

All suitable materials obtained from the excavation or from the removal of present structures shall be used either in the formation of embankments, shoulders, slopes, loam or clay hardening, etc., or for backfill under, over, or around structures, pipe culverts or drains and at such other places as directed and the material shall be placed and compacted in a manner conforming to the specifications for the particular type of work required without additional compensation. It shall be

II.12 2026 Edition the Contractor's responsibility to obtain from the Engineer approval for the use and placing of various materials encountered in excavation.

It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to dispose of material designated as unsuitable and any excavated material which is not required, except as noted in 120.60.C: Grading Outside of the Location, outside of the Right-of-Way in such a manner as not to impact mature trees or wetlands, obstruct streams or otherwise impair the drainage, appearance, safety or efficiency of any structure or any other part of the road.

No materials from the excavation, nor from construction, shall be deposited in flood plains nor within 100 ft of any body of water without compliance under provisions of Chapter 131, Section 40 of the Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act. Notification to the Engineer, in writing, will be required wherein such filling has been authorized by the local Conservation Commission.

No excavated material shall be placed outside of and adjacent to the Right-of-Way without the written approval of the Engineer. The Contractor shall certify that they have proper releases from property owners within 500 ft of Right-of-Way which is used as disposal areas for unsuitable material.

The Contractor shall construct adequate retaining banks around perimeters of the disposal areas outside the project to protect existing roads, stream channels, and adjoining properties (including underground water supplies) against the spread of, or contamination by, the excavated material.

Stream channels and ditches within and adjacent to the project shall be maintained as at present or as specifically altered by the design of the project.

All waste areas shall be thoroughly stabilized by means of drains, proper grading, mulching, loaming and seeding as required to promote vegetation and to ensure the areas will not be subject to erosion.

120.60.C: Grading Outside of the Location

Where directed, earth, loam, or borrow of the kind required shall be used for grading outside of the Right-Of-Way and the surface shall be raked, smoothed and rolled. Excavation shall be made as directed on slopes or surfaces outside of and adjoining the location.

When temporary or existing roads are abandoned within the limits of highway work and beyond the limits of the main roadway slopes, their surfaces shall be removed and graded and loamed for a neat and natural appearance for proper drainage of surface water, as directed.

120.61: Earth Excavation

This work shall be performed in the manner specified in 120.60: General and 170.60: General.

120.62: Class A Rock Excavation

Class A Rock Excavation shall be performed in accordance with the requirements specified in 120.60: General, with the following additional requirements:

The Contractor shall prosecute their work so that all rock available for disposal in embankments shall be removed previous to the final embankment formation. Rock shall be partially or completely stripped of overburden, as directed, before removal operations are begun. Loose or shattered fragments of rock which may be a hazard to traffic shall be removed from the slopes.

II.13 2026 Edition

120.63: Presplitting Rock

Presplitting shall be required in rock cuts 10 ft or more in vertical height where designed slope is 1 horizontal to 4 vertical or steeper. Rock cuts more than 25 ft in vertical height may be presplit in stages (lifts) at the option of the Contractor, provided that no stage shall be less than 10 ft in depth and further provided that no payment will be made for additional excavated quantities caused by offsetting presplitting holes beyond the specified face in the top on successive stages. Presplitting holes in successive stages shall be offset not more than 2 ft inside of the previously presplit face.

Prior to the blasting of any rock for removal, the Contractor shall presplit the rock along the designated cut face by the method hereinafter described to produce a uniform plane of rupture, so that the resulting face will not be affected by subsequent fragmentation blasting and excavation operations.

The Contractor shall adjust their blasting operations according to the characteristics and structure of the rock formation to obtain the required slope without fracturing the rock beyond the presplit face.

The sequence of operations shall be as follows:

1. Remove all overburden soil within the areas of proposed fragmentation blasting to expose the rock surface.

2. Drill 2.5- or 3-in. nominal diameter holes not more than 3 ft on centers along the top of the proposed slope line and at the required inclination, to the full depth of the cut or to a predetermined stage (lift) elevation. Presplit holes shall deviate not more than 0.5-ft at any point from the plane of specified slope, nor more than 1 ft at any point from a vertical plane through the top of the hole and normal to the plane of slope.

3. Fragmentation blast holes shall be positioned so that no portion of any blast hole shall be within 4 ft of the designated presplit face.

The plane of presplitting slope as originally drilled shall not be penetrated by subsequent fragmentation blast holes.

4. The Contractor shall inspect and test each hole to determine the possible presence of any obstruction before placing the charge. No loading shall be permitted until the hole is clear of all obstructions. Precautions shall be used in placing the charge to prevent caving-in of material from the wall of the hole.

5. Cartridge explosives prepared and packaged by explosive manufacturing firms and approved by the Engineer shall be used in presplitting holes except, with prior permission of the Engineer, either of the following charges may be used as an alternative provided the results are satisfactory:

(a) Continuous column commercial explosives manufactured especially for presplitting.

(b) Multiple strands of high-strength (175-200 grains of explosive per foot) detonating fuse taped together at 4- to 6-ft intervals.

6. The spacing of the dynamite charge in each hole shall be accomplished by securely taping (or attaching by other approved means) each piece of dynamite to the detonating fuse at the selected intervals or by deck loading. If the latter method is used, the dynamite must be in intimate contact with the detonating fuse to assure detonation of all charges.

II.14 2026 Edition

7. All space in each hole not occupied with the explosive charge shall be filled with ⅜-in.

crushed stone meeting the requirements of M2.01.6. No other material or type of stemming will be permitted.

8. The detonation of presplit charges shall precede the detonation of adjacent fragmentation charges within the section by a minimum of 25-miliseconds.

120.64: Muck Excavation

The work of muck excavation shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of 120.60:

General with the following additional requirements:

Muck shall be excavated to the estimated widths and depths shown on the plans and/or so as to completely remove the muck. Where a proposed bridge or other structure comes within the limits of muck excavation, that portion of the excavation within the limits of the proposed structure will be paid for as Muck Excavation.

120.65: Topsoil

When topsoil is excavated or stripped for reuse it shall remain on site and be stacked neatly outside the limits of the proposed slopes within the Right-of-way or such material may be temporarily stacked by the Contractor outside the Right-of-Way for their own convenience, with the approval of the Engineer, in which case the Contractor shall be responsible for all arrangements and negotiations. If the material stacked outside the Right-of-Way is not available when needed for use on the project, the Contractor will furnish at their expense an equal volume of equal material.

If the temporary storage areas outside the Right-of-Way require clearing and grubbing, the Contractor shall do such work without additional compensation.

Storage areas shall be cleared, grubbed and rough graded so that maximum amount of stacked material will be available for reuse.

The Contractor shall take care to avoid leaving any unsightly condition and to avoid unnecessary damage or injury to natural surroundings and roadside growth. The landscape shall be left in a neat and trim condition to the satisfaction of the Engineer upon completion of the work.

120.67: Unclassified Excavation

This work shall consist of the excavation, removal and satisfactory disposal, in accordance with the relevant provisions of 120.60: General of all materials listed under Subsection 120: Excavation necessary for the construction of the proposed work as shown on the Plans or as directed, except those materials for which payment is specified under other items of the Contract.

COMPENSATION

120.80: Method of Measurement

All classes of excavation will be measured in their original position by the cross-section method except where such measurement is impracticable the volume shall be measured by such other methods as the Engineer may determine.

In any case, payments will be made only for excavation to lines and grades as indicated on the plans or as directed.

II.15 2026 Edition

Pay limits for rock excavation actually removed will be as follows:

• For side slopes:

o In excavation for side slopes up to a limit of 24 in. beyond and parallel to slope lines either shown on the plans or ordered in writing by the Engineer.

o No allowance will be made for rock excavation beyond these specified lines in side slopes except that if ordinary borrow is required for the work and excess rock excavation is used in embankments such rock will be paid for as ordinary borrow.

• Rock Excavation in curb and edging trenches not already paid for in previous rock excavation will be paid up to a width of 18 in., providing rock extends to that width.

• For area between side slopes:

o In excavation to subgrade an allowance of a depth of 6 in. below subgrade lines.

o In any other rock excavation an allowance of a depth of 6 in. below lines of proposed excavation.

Boulders which are to be included in the item for rock excavation will be measured at the point of removal.

Presplitting of rock will be measured by the square yard of exposed rock face, measured from the top of exposed rock to the bottom of the Class A Rock Excavation at the presplit face, as directed.

120.81: Basis of Payment

All classes of excavation will be paid for at the contract unit price per yard of the particular type of excavation as defined hereinbefore.

In Contracts where ordinary borrow is required, excavated material taken by the Contractor with the prior written permission of the Engineer, and used on the project for purposes other than for forming embankments will be paid for at the contract price for the purpose of which it is used, in addition to the payment to be made for excavation, provided that any additional filling material made necessary by such use shall be replaced.

The amount of borrow to be replaced shall be as follows:

• If Class A Rock Excavation is used in revetment, the revetment shall be measured in its final position, and this computed quantity shall be divided by 1.20 and the resulting quantity shall be the amount of borrow to be replaced.

• If Earth Excavation is used for gravel borrow, special borrow, etc., the amount of gravel borrow, special borrow, etc., as computed (including any percentage added to in place measurement) shall be the amount of borrow to be replaced.

Payment shall be made only for the purpose the borrow was used until such time as replacement borrow is supplied, at which time an equal volume of excavation will be paid for.

In Contracts where excavated materials are used as described in the paragraph above and no additional filling material is required, the following will govern:

• Material such as gravel, sand, special borrow, or impervious soil borrow obtained in excavation and used as gravel, sand borrow, special borrow or impervious soil borrow will be paid for only at the contract price for the purpose used.

II.16 2026 Edition

• Topsoil obtained in excavation and stacked for future use on the project will be paid for at the contract unit price for the item of Topsoil Excavated and Stacked (which price will include excavating for test pits required), but if such future use necessitates rehandling and spreading, payment will also be made at the contract unit price for Topsoil Rehandled and Spread.

• No deduction from the item of Class A Rock Excavation will be made on account of the use of boulders or rock fragments in masonry or in revetment.

Presplitting of rock will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard of exposed presplit rock face.

120.82: Payment Items

Item number Description Unit

120. Earth Excavation Cubic Yard

120.1 Unclassified Excavation Cubic Yard

121. Class A Rock Excavation Cubic Yard

122. Presplitting Rock Square Yard

123. Muck Excavation Cubic Yard

SUBSECTION 140: EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES

DESCRIPTION

140.20: General

Excavation for foundations of bridges, culverts, pipe drains, masonry walls, other structures and test pit excavation to determine the location of underground utilities shall be made to the depth and lines indicated on the plans or established by the Engineer.

140.21: Bridge Excavation

Bridge excavation shall include excavation required for construction of bridges, culverts having a clear square span of 8 ft or more, end walls and wingwalls that are a part of these structures and major wall structures as designated in the Contract Documents.

The excavation shall include the removal and satisfactory disposal of materials including piles, sheeting and timbers encountered in these constructions.

In areas where unsuitable material is removed and backfilled under Item 123. Muck Excavation, the excavation of the backfill shall be included under bridge excavation.

All other material encountered in the above noted construction, except that classified as Class B Rock Excavation and Muck Excavation as defined in these specifications, will be classified as Earth Excavation.

140.22: Class A Trench Excavation

Class A Trench Excavation shall include the removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials, except Class B Rock Excavation that are encountered in the construction or demolition of masonry

II.17 2026 Edition culverts and other structures having a clear square span of less than 8 ft, masonry inlets, culvert ends, masonry walls, revetment, test pits, paved waterways, construction of drains for slope or subgrade stabilization and in the construction, widening, straightening or deepening of drainage ditches and water courses in connection with pipes or structures having a clear span of less than 8 ft.

Test pits to locate underground services shall be excavated where directed and will be classed as Class A Trench Excavation. The Contractor shall take special care during this excavation to avoid damage to any underground structures or utilities.