Attachment 3 - Proposers Day Briefing and Q,A.pdf

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No Manning Required, Ship (NOMARS) Dr. Gregory Avicola

Program Manager, DARPA TTO

Briefing prepared for NOMARS Proposers Day 13 January 2020

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• Welcome Remarks

• Administrative Overview

• Security

• Contract Management Office

• Tactical Technology Office (TTO) Overview

• NOMARS Overview

• Submit Questions and Break

• PMS-406

• Answer Questions

• Lunch On Your Own

• Prearranged One-on-One Meetings

NOMARS Proposers Day Schedule

X-29 Grumman Forward-swept wing

Amber Leading Systems Tactical UAV

RQ-1

General Atomics Tactical UAV

1984 1988

1998 2003

NOTAR

Hughes No tail rotor

Tacit Blue NGC: Low RCS

X-45/46/47 Boeing/Northrop

UCAV

X-51 Hypersonic scramjet

Condor Boeing: HALE UAV

Global Hawk Teledyne Ryan

HALE UAV

ASTOVL/CALF

Boeing/Lockheed STOVL tech

X-31 Rockwell/MBB Maneuverability

X-50 Boeing Canard rotor wing

A-160 Frontier Systems Optimum speed rotor

HTV-2

Lockheed Hypersonic flight

1986 1988

1983-94

20111982

X-craft are technology demonstrations at convincing scale; they are not prototypes and do not always have X designation DARPA X-craft arise in response to promising technology insights, not requirements pull Why do experimental system demonstrations?

Rapidly demonstrate high-risk/high payoff ideas Prove new enabling technologies that lead to revolutionary system concepts Extend and integrate new research & technologies to achieve significant military advantage

1990 2000 2010

DarkStar Boeing/Lockheed

LO UAV

NOMARS is an ‘X-Ship’

HAWC

Hypersonic Cruise Missile

TBG

Hypersonic Cruise Missile

CRANE

Active Flow Control Aircraft

202?

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ACTUV, circa 2010 Autonomous Navigation

Evolution of Distributed Lethality

Pegasus, circa 1980 High Firepower / ton ratio

ACTUV, circa 2010 Autonomous Navigation

“Distributed lethality provides critical value in the Navy's contribution to the U.S. Joint Forces—enhanced deterrence.” - ADM Richardson, USN, Chief of Naval Operations

A successful NOMARS program would provide the last piece of the puzzle to allow U.S. forces to field large numbers of small combatants, enabling small vessels to operate without risk to crews, long endurance missions, and deep water operations.

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NOMARS

Enable long-term operations

Artist Concept

Replacing C2 Functions Is Not Sufficient:

Unmanning Ships Is Uniquely Challenging

Wright Model A 1909

80 Years of Evolution

Ground crews maintain both manned and unmanned aircraft between sorties

Persistent uncrewed ships necessitate a change in paradigm from traditional maintenance

Operator Removed

Operator Removed

200+ Years of U.S. Evolution

USS United States (1797)

NOMARS

The Key Questions Driving NOMARS

Clean-sheet Design: What should a NOMARS class ship look like, and how should it be configured, to maximize performance when human considerations are removed?

Maintenance-Free Operation: How do we achieve significant at-sea operational reliability without manned intervention to maintain the ship?

Maintenance and Logistics: How do we design the ship to enable new maintenance and logistics concepts for the unmanned ships that could scale to large fleets of NOMARS?

NOMARS Program Plan

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Phase 1A Conceptual Design

Q1

FY20

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

FY21

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

FY22

Q2 Q3 Q4

FY23

Q2 Q3 Q4Q1

Phase 2B (Priced Option) Extended Risk Reduction, Fabrication, and Demonstration

Phase 2 BAA update

CoDR

Q1

FY24

Q2 Q3 Q4

Phase 2A Risk Reduction & Detail Design

CDR

Phase 1B (Priced Options) Preliminary Design

TRR

Exercise Single Phase 2B Option

FY25

Q2 Q3 Q4Q1

PDR

Transition At Sea Demo

TIMs

RRD

Subsystem Level V&V

Integrated System Level V&V and Fabrication

RRD

RRD

Phase 1 BAA release BAA Schedule

Performance Assessment

Track B Sub-System Technologies

Track A Kickoff

Phase 2 SRO Selection

SRR

Exercise Initial Phase 1B Options

Post PDR Options

Track A Integrated Seaframe Design, Maintenance

Track B Enabling Sub-System

Technologies

Track A and B may team at BAA update for Phase 2A and 2BTrack B

Kickoff

Phase 1: Exploration Phase 2: Detailed Design and Demonstration

CoDR Concept Design Review PDR Preliminary Design Review TR Technical Review TRR Test Readiness Review CDR Critical Design Review RRD Risk Reduction Demo

NOMARS Program Plan

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Phase 1A Conceptual Design

Q1

FY20

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

FY21

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

FY22

Q2 Q3 Q4

FY23

Q2 Q3 Q4Q1

Phase 2B (Priced Option) Extended Risk Reduction, Fabrication, and Demonstration

Phase 2 BAA update

CoDR

Q1

FY24

Q2 Q3 Q4

Phase 2A Risk Reduction & Detail Design

CDR

Phase 1B (Priced Options) Preliminary Design

TRR

Exercise Single Phase 2B Option

FY25

Q2 Q3 Q4Q1

PDR

Transition At Sea Demo

TIMs

RRD

Subsystem Level V&V

Integrated System Level V&V and Fabrication

RRD

RRD

Phase 1 BAA release BAA Schedule

Performance Assessment

Track B Sub-System Technologies

Track A Kickoff

Phase 2 SRO Selection

SRR

Exercise Initial Phase 1B Options

Post PDR Options

Track A Integrated Seaframe Design, Maintenance

Track B Enabling Sub-System

Technologies

Track A and B may team at BAA update for Phase 2A and 2BTrack B

Kickoff

Phase 1: Exploration Phase 2: Detailed Design and Demonstration

CoDR Concept Design Review PDR Preliminary Design Review TR Technical Review TRR Test Readiness Review CDR Critical Design Review RRD Risk Reduction Demo

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NOMARS Design Space

• Performers are tasked with exploring trade space of medium unmanned surface vehicle (MUSV) ship design

• Trade space constraints are performance based metrics

• Exploration should seek to develop seaframe, maintenance and logistics concepts that maximize performance space: metrics should be considered minimum acceptable metrics but in all cases, exceeding those metrics is desired

• Performance metrics are based upon a notional ‘distributed lethality’ strike mission for a MUSV sized combatant

• Goals

• Maintain long at-sea presence,

• minimize logistics and maintenance footprint,

• provide sufficient performance capability to complicate countermeasures

• Evaluate ability to reduce overall costs of procurement and maintenance

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NOMARS Design Space

METRIC Key Performance Objective PAYLOAD CAPACITY Representative SWaP and Cooling

SPRINT SPEED 20 knots or greater, sustained for at least 2 hours

CRUISE SPEED 10 knots or greater, continuous operations

TRANSIT ENDURANCE At least 2000 nmi before refueling at cruise speed

STATION-KEEPING ENDURANCE Continuous station-keeping of 4 knots or less for > 30 days between refueling

SEA-KEEPING Routine operations in sea-state 5, survivable in sea-state 7

SURVIVABILITY Capable of recovering from hazards

PROFILE Resistant to tampering; low-observability in radar/IR/Visual spectra desired

REPLENISHMENT At-sea refueling without human intervention on the NOMARS vessel

REPAIR Depot-based (no dry-dock), economical, scalable maintenance between sorties

SORTIE ENDURANCE 12 months between major maintenance cycles with no humans

AVAILABILITY Operational availability of at least 3:1 ratio; vessel availability of ≥ 0.9

COST Ship design and maintenance architecture traceable to cost reduction

COMMUNICATIONS Minimize bandwidth, tolerant to loss of communications

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NOMARS – Re-imagining USVs

Hullform and Structures

Hull, Mechanical, Electrical

(HME)

Maintenance and Logistics

Performers Are Asked to Challenge All Aspects of Naval Architecture by Removing At-sea Human Constraints

Tesla

Artist Concept Artist Concept

Reimagining USVs // Hullform and Structures

Improved Hydrodynamic Shaping

Improved Payload/Fuel Capacity

Semi-submersible Hull Forms

Boarding Resistant Designs

Extreme Sea State Tolerance

Damage Resistant Design, Materials, and Structures

Reimagining USVs // HME Systems

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3D Printed Electrostatic Motors

Thermal Management

Distributed Power

Alternative Propulsive Energy

Duramax Keel Cooler

AtmoMotor

Rim-driven Thrusters

Reimagining USVs // Maintenance & Logistics

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Sling Maintenance

Unmanned Refueling

Liquid Hydrogen

Artist Concept

Fuel Cell Technologies

New ship maintenance philosophy

NOMARS Key Enabler – Maintaining High Reliability

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BESPOKE, HIGHLY

ENGINEERED SYSTEMS

Demonstrated long range endurance and Hands off operation but very expensive to design and build, and specific to single platforms

MASSIVE REDUNDANCY

Split load among many components allows graceful degradation but generally higher SWaP penalty and lower system efficiency

Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) spacecraft

F-35

NOMARS

Arleigh-Burke Class Destroyer

HEALTH MANAGEMENT AUTONOMY

Autonomy to monitor, predict, and adapt to failures will likely be critical to NOMARS. Versions of this exist in some application spaces, but usually end at alerting user of upcoming failure (prognostic)

Air Force Weather Satellite Server Farm

Society of Automotive Engineers Levels of Health Management (SAE JA6268)

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NOMARS Considerations

• Manned intervention with NOMARS in non-physical space (e.g. via data links) is allowed, subject to consideration of minimizing bandwidth.

• Logistics solutions can include manning on the refueling ship, but no physical manning of NOMARS is permitted (e.g. helo/small boat transfer of crew for refueling evolution).

• DARPA expects that, because of the sprint requirements, at-sea refueling will be required. However, techniques to minimize logistic requirements via energy harvesting are part of the trade space that can be explored.

• Nuclear power (including RTGs (Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators)) will not be considered.

• Depot based maintenance concepts are deliberately open ended, but DARPA excludes solutions that require dry-docks as part of the maintenance cycle of the ship.

• Fully undersea solutions (e.g. UUVs) will not be considered, as NOMARs intends to focus on improving surface vessel performance. However, semi-submersible and low-freeboard solutions are part of the trade-space to be considered.

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NOMARS Program Plan – Phase 1

Objective

• Develop and mature critical enabling technologies and subsystems, central to the operation of an unmanned ship and achieving NOMARS key performance objectives −Focus on maturing the ideas −Conduct trade studies on seaframe, mobility and endurance, hullform, reliability, and cost −Extensive laboratory and simulation work to prove feasibility

Entry Criteria

• Phase 1 Track A & B total anticipated budget is $41M including options, awards (contingent upon the quality of submissions and available funding)

• Tentative plan is to choose up to 4 performers for Track A and up to 5 performers for Track B

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• Track A is the primary program track to design, develop and demonstrate a NOMARS demonstration vessel. Track A performers/teams will need to demonstrate in their proposal capability such that, if selected, they would be able to successfully construct and test a NOMARS X-ship.

• Track A proposals comprise: a 9-month Base period (Phase 1A) culminating in a Conceptual Design Review (CoDR); a Phase 1B Option 1 9-month priced option culminating in a Preliminary Design Review (PDR); and a Phase 1B Option 2 3-month post-PDR priced option (options are collectively Phase 1B).

• Track A proposals should include Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) estimates for Phase 2A and Phase 2B and describe the proposer’s capabilities and approach to complete the entire program through the final at-sea demonstration.

• At the end of the Phase 1 period of performance, DARPA expects to release an updated BAA open to Track A awarded primes to compete for Phase 2. Additions and modifications to teaming arrangements will be possible at that time.

Expectation of Track A performers

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• Track B will mature component or subsystem technology areas relevant to the NOMARS vision.

• Track B proposals should consist of a single phase effort with a period of performance not to exceed 14 months, to enable potential integration of Track B solutions into Track A designs for Phase 2A.

• Track B proposals are encouraged to explore technologies relevant to the NOMARS vision, including but not limited to: self-adaptive health monitoring and failure mitigation techniques, hull materials and structures, mechanical systems, propulsion systems, power generation and management, and automated refueling techniques.

• Track B performers are expected to propose a research effort sufficient to develop and demonstrate their technical solution within the 14-month period of performance.

• Track B performers will be expected to brief results at scheduled quarterly Technical Interchange Meetings (TIMs) to DARPA and Track A teams.

• Track B exists in order to foster innovation for technologies that may not be initially included in a Track A team. DARPA intends track B to act as incubation capability to raise TRL and demonstrate technologies such that, when Phase 2 BAA is released, successful Track B technologies have an opportunity to be incorporated into Phase 2 proposals.

Expectation of Track B performers

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DARPA Program DARPA: Program Leadership Multiple government organizations and SMEs are involved

− NSWC

− PMS-406

− Surface Development Squadron − Office of Naval Research

Frequent Technical Interchange Meetings (TIMs) − Technical update (monthly) − Program management review (monthly)

NOMARS Program Management

Collaborative effort with primes, DARPA, ONR, and NAVSEA

DARPA is Interested in:

• Phase 1 Effort

• Track A: Diverse, multi-faceted teams, skilled in systems engineering that can explore full NOMARS innovative trade space

• Track B: Innovative technologies directly related to the NOMARS trade space that, if successful, could significantly improve the capability of USVs

• Government Purpose Rights (Intellectual Property)

• Teams with the breadth and experience to innovate across the design and then if selected, fabricate and demonstrate an experimental ship

• Realism of proposed cost and schedule

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Sea Train

• The Sea Train program aims to enable extended transoceanic transit and long range naval operations for Unmanned Surface Vessels by exploiting the wave making resistance reductions of a system of connected vessels

BAA HR001120S0010 – 6 Jan 2020 Proposals Due 20 February 2020 by 2 p.m. ET

NOMARS versus Sea Train

NOMARS

• The NOMARS program seeks to design a ship that can operate autonomously for long durations at sea, enabling a clean-sheet ship design process that eliminates design considerations associated with crew. NOMARS focuses on exploring novel approaches to the design of the seaframe (the ship without mission systems) while accommodating representative payload size, weight, and power.

Artist ConceptArtist Concept www.darpa.mil

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DARPA NOMARS

Reference: HR0011120S0017

Proposers Day Questions and Answers

Question 1: Will there be any underwater radiated noise requirements imposed?

Answer 1: No.

Question 2: What is the anticipated contract award value for Phase 1?

Answer 2: Per the BAA, the anticipated total budget for Track A Phase 1 awards is $31M including options, and $10M for Track B awards.

Question 3: Is it envisioned that the vessel could be deployed from a sea-based host platform as well as a land-based facility?

Answer 3: DARPA is not specifying a method of deployment. However, use of a sea-based host platform does not count toward fulfilling the performance metrics specified in the BAA.

Question 4: Will the Government further define ‘survivable in Sea State 7’ (e.g. maintain best heading and speed)?

Answer 4: The NOMARS vessel is intended to be operational (capable of accomplishing its mission) after Sea State 7 conditions subside to Sea State 5.

Question 5: Can an organization propose as a sub on multiple teams?

Answer 5: Yes.

Question 6: Is an organization prohibited from being a Track A and a Track B sub?

Answer 6: No.

Question 7: What are the reasons nuclear propulsion or power is not considered for this application?

Answer 7: This technology imposes significant programmatic risk, which would be counterproductive to the goals of the program.

Question 8: You mention on slide 18 that Track A performers should demonstrate that they would be able to successfully construct NOMARS. Does this mean that teams should include a shipyard for Phase 1A and/or 1B?

Answer 8: Proposers are encouraged to assemble well-rounded teams to holistically assess all aspects of ship design during Phase 1. Ship construction, manufacturability, and shore-based maintainability are considered part of the trade space and therefore, such expertise is relevant for a complete team. However, teaming with a shipyard is not required as the sole means for conducting that assessment.

Question 9: What’s the frequency of the sprint speed performance objective, i.e. 2 hours per day / week?

Answer 9: There is no defined frequency for sprinting, because DARPA is interested in understanding how sprint periods may be traded with cruise and loiter, and the resultant impact on endurance and refueling frequency. However, frequent sprint periods are more tactically advantageous.

Question 10: Should GPS enabled navigation be assumed?

Answer 10: Yes.

Question 11: Will a classification guide be provided, especially related to survivability and signatures?

Answer 11: No. The NOMARS program intends to develop an ‘X-ship’ demonstrator, not an operational vessel.

Question 12: From a strike mission perspective, will more information be provided on what’s required to appropriately design in weapons/launchers that can be certified?

Answer 12: The BAA defines parameters for a surrogate NOMARS mission payload. For the purpose of the NOMARS program, this ‘X-ship’ will not employ or integrate weapons or launchers.

Question 13: Can you delineate an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) vs. semi-submersible?

Answer 13: A semi-submersible is defined as ship that breaks the surface, and is not intended to operate at depth or operate in an air-independent mode.

Question 14: Can information from NSWC efforts (NOMARS seedling) be provided to potential proposers (e.g. reports, concepts, AoA, cast data, etc.)?

Answer 14: No.

Question 15: Are requirements for autonomous navigation hardware included in payload size, weight, and power (SWaP)?

Answer 15: No, these are not specified for Phase 1, but are anticipated to be included in the Phase 2 BAA update. Track A teams should consider nominal SWaP as part of the payload in the trade space analysis based upon their knowledge of ship design requirements.

Question 16: Depot based maintenance is on the table. How often do you envision this taking place?

Answer 16: After 12 months of at-sea operation.

Question 17: Do we need to propose a full team for Phase I Track A or can we wait for the updated BAA opportunity?

Answer 17: Track A proposers should demonstrate their ability to complete Phase 1.

Question 18: Is a maintenance facility concept part of trade study / preliminary design expectation?

Answer 18: Yes.

Question 19: Can Track A proposals include technologies that may otherwise be proposed under Track B?

Answer 19: Yes.

Question 20: Will Phase 2 result in full system prototype?

Answer 20: It is anticipated that Phase 2 will result in a demonstrator.

Question 21: Can a company propose tech in Track B and same tech as part of Track A team?

Answer 21: Yes. However, the same scope of work will not be awarded twice.

Question 22: Would you consider NOT asking for a ROM for Phase 2A and 2B? This will result in a better Phase 1A & 1B proposal as the same team will have to develop the basis for that ROM which is challenging given it is speculative and heavily based on Phase 1A & 1B results.

Answer 22: Yes. The request for a Phase 2 ROM has been removed. Instead, we are requesting a ROM be provided as part of the Conceptual Design Review (CoDR) deliverable.