FY27-Statewide_Snow_Removal_RFP_Re-Bid~1.pdf
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- Solicitation number
- BD-27-1107-TCFAC-TCFAC-134227
- Issued by
- Massachusetts
About this file
This is a Request for Proposals (RFP) issued by the Massachusetts Trial Court, Office of Court Management, Facilities Management & Capital Planning for statewide snow and ice removal services. The solicitation seeks qualified contractors to provide comprehensive snow and ice management at Trial Court facilities organized into geographic service clusters across five regions. Services include pretreatment, plowing, deicing, shoveling, snow relocation, and hauling at multiple courthouse and administrative facilities statewide. Proposers may bid on one or more clusters, with each cluster constituting a separate bid and potential award unit. The RFP was issued on October 6, 2026, with proposals due October 14, 2026 at 12:00 PM. The anticipated contract start date is November 1, 2026, with an initial term of 32 months through June 30, 2029, followed by two optional one-year renewal periods exercisable solely at the Trial Court's discretion. Site visits may be conducted on a cluster basis; whether mandatory or optional will be stated in the final posting.
Pricing is based on hourly rates for specific equipment types with operators included, plus separate hourly pretreatment and parking-lot treatment rates, per-yard rates for sand/salt materials, and minimum authorized trip charges, all submitted by cluster. Awards will be made to the lowest responsive and responsible bidder for each cluster based on an Evaluated Storm Cost formula applying standardized quantities uniformly across all bidders. Contractors must demonstrate at least three years of relevant snow and ice management experience, adequate staffing and equipment capacity for simultaneous statewide events, and maintain specified insurance coverage including Commercial General Liability of $1,000,000 per occurrence, Automobile Liability of $1,000,000 combined single limit, and Umbrella/Excess Liability of $2,000,000 per occurrence. All equipment time is billable only while actively performing authorized work at assigned facilities, with detailed documentation and event reporting required within 24 to 48 hours of completion. The Trial Court reserves the right to make no award for any cluster, award clusters separately or to multiple contractors, and may evaluate whether to conduct a comparison of contracted versus in-house snow removal costs.
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MASSACHUSETTS TRIAL COURT | STATEWIDE SNOW REMOVAL SERVICES
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
MASSACHUSETTS TRIAL COURT
OFFICE OF COURT MANAGEMENT
FACILITIES MANAGEMENT & CAPITAL PLANNING
REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS
STATEWIDE SNOW AND ICE REMOVAL SERVICES
Cluster-Based Multi-Facility Contract
COMMBUYS Bid No. BD-27-1107-TCFAC-TCFAC-134227 RFP Issue Date October 6, 2026
Proposals Due October 14, 2026 at 12:00PM
Anticipated Contract Start November 1, 2026
Solicitation Overview The Massachusetts Trial Court, through the Office of Court Management, Facilities Management & Capital Planning (FMCP), invites proposals from qualified contractors to provide complete snow and ice management services at Trial Court facilities statewide. The contract is organized into geographic service clusters within each Trial Court region. Each cluster contains multiple facilities and constitutes a separate bid and potential award unit.
A Proposer may submit a proposal for one or more clusters. The Trial Court may award clusters separately, award multiple clusters to one Contractor, make no award for a cluster, or combine awards when determined to be in the Trial Court’s best interest. A Proposer must demonstrate adequate staffing, equipment, supervision, and contingency capacity for every cluster on which it bids.
Key Procurement Information
Item Requirement
Contract structure Statewide solicitation; separate cluster-based awards
Initial term 32 Months: November 1, 2026, through June 30, 2029
Renewal options Two optional one-year renewals, exercisable solely by the Trial Court
Proposal scope One or more complete clusters; no partial-facility bids within a cluster unless expressly authorized
Pricing Hourly equipment rates plus separate parking-lot salting/treatment prices, by cluster and facility
Award basis Award to the lowest responsible and eligible bidder for each cluster
Submission Through COMMBUYS in accordance with Section 5
Procurement Contact Information Awarding Authority Massachusetts Trial Court, Office of Court Management Designated Procurement Contact Odair D. Brandao
Title Contracts Manager Telephone 617-725-3176 Email odair.brandao@jud.state.ma.us
Mailing Address Three Pemberton Square, Boston MA 02108
The designated Procurement Contact is the sole point of contact for this solicitation. All questions, requests for clarification, and communications concerning the procurement must be submitted in the manner and by the deadline stated in this RFP or the COMMBUYS posting. Proposers shall not contact facility personnel regarding the solicitation except during an authorized site visit or when expressly directed by the Procurement Contact. Unauthorized communications may be referred to the Procurement Contact and handled in accordance with applicable procurement requirements.
Definitions Cluster: A group of Trial Court facilities identified in Attachment A and treated as a separate bid and award unit.
mailto:odair.brandao@jud.state.ma.us
Contractor: A Proposer awarded one or more clusters under this RFP.
Deicing: Application of approved materials to prevent or remove bonded snow or ice.
Event: Any weather condition requiring pretreatment, plowing, shoveling, deicing, snow relocation, or related response.
Facility: A courthouse, administrative building, parking area, leased location, or other Trial Court property listed in Attachment A.
FMCP: Facilities Management & Capital Planning within the Office of Court Management.
Priority Area: An entrance, accessible route, fire lane, emergency access point, loading area, sally port, stair, ramp, sidewalk, or other area requiring expedited clearing.
Proposer: An entity submitting a proposal in response to this RFP.
Region: A Trial Court operational geography containing one or more clusters.
Snow Season: The annual period from November 1 through April 30, unless otherwise directed.
1. Contract Organization and Award Structure
1.1 Statewide Cluster Model
Facilities are grouped into clusters based on geography, operational requirements, travel time, site complexity, and anticipated workload. Each Trial Court region may contain multiple clusters. Attachment A will identify the region, cluster number, courthouse name, address, approximate service areas, operational notes, and required service level for each facility.
1.2 Bidding Rules
• Proposers may bid on any number of clusters.
• A proposal must cover every facility and all required services within the selected cluster.
• Alternative cluster groupings may be offered only as a clearly identified optional proposal; the required cluster pricing must still be submitted.
• Pricing and technical information must be separately identifiable for each cluster.
• A Proposer bidding on multiple clusters must identify dedicated and shared resources and explain how simultaneous statewide events will be staffed.
• The Trial Court may reject a proposal that relies on the same personnel or equipment for overlapping cluster commitments without a credible deployment plan.
1.3 Multiple Awards
The Trial Court anticipates making multiple awards. Awards may be made by individual cluster based on the evaluation criteria in this RFP. The Trial Court reserves the right to award adjacent clusters to the same Proposer when operationally and economically advantageous, provided the Proposer has demonstrated adequate capacity.
2. Scope of Services
2.1 General Responsibility
The Contractor shall furnish all management, supervision, labor, vehicles, equipment, tools, fuel, approved deicing materials, communications, transportation, and incidentals necessary to maintain safe, accessible, and operational facilities before, during, and after winter weather events. Services shall be performed continuously as conditions require, including nights, weekends, holidays, and court closures.
2.2 Weather Monitoring and Mobilization
• Continuously monitor reliable local weather forecasts and conditions affecting each awarded cluster.
• Maintain a written event-response plan and initiate mobilization without waiting for a separate request when contract trigger conditions are met, unless a facility-specific instruction states otherwise.
• Notify the designated FMCP representative of anticipated mobilization, staffing, equipment deployment, and any material risk to service.
• Maintain sufficient reserve capacity for changing forecasts, prolonged events, refreezing, equipment failure, and simultaneous activity across awarded clusters.
2.3 Pretreatment and Deicing
When conditions warrant and when authorized by the Trial Court’s designated representative, the Contractor shall pretreat roadways, parking areas, sidewalks, stairs, ramps, accessible routes, loading areas, and other designated surfaces using Trial Court-approved materials and application rates.
Materials must be appropriate for the surface, effective at forecast temperatures, and applied to minimize tracking, corrosion, environmental impact, and property damage.
2.4 Snow Plowing and Clearing
• Begin operations at the accumulation trigger stated in Attachment A or when directed by FMCP.
• Keep primary entrances, accessible routes, emergency access routes, fire lanes, sally ports, loading docks, and designated employee/public parking areas open throughout the event to the extent practicable.
• Plow snow to designated on-site storage areas without obstructing drainage, hydrants, fire department connections, dumpsters, generators, mechanical equipment, signs, sight lines, or accessible parking.
• Do not pile snow against buildings, curbs, fencing, landscaping, parked vehicles, or equipment.
• Return after precipitation ends for final clearing, widening, scraping, cleanup, and treatment of residual snow and ice.
2.5 Sidewalks, Stairs, Ramps, and Entrances
At locations where manual snow removal or shoveling is required on an as-needed basis, the Contractor shall clear and treat designated pedestrian areas, including public sidewalks, internal walkways, steps, ramps, landings, accessible paths, emergency exits, staff entrances, and building approaches.
Services shall be performed only in those areas identified by the Trial Court or its designated representative as requiring snow removal or treatment. Clearing shall extend to the full practical width of the surface. Snow shall not be deposited in locations where melting and refreezing may create a slip, trip, or other safety hazard.
2.6 Operating Priorities and Completion Standards
Priority Areas Minimum Operational Objective
Priority 1 Emergency access, fire lanes, sally ports, accessible entrances/routes, main public entrances
Open and safely passable before the facility’s required opening time and maintained during the event
Priority 2 Primary roadways, staff/public parking, loading/service areas Cleared and treated to support normal facility operations
Priority Areas Minimum Operational Objective
Priority 3 Secondary parking, perimeter walks, designated ancillary areas Completed promptly after Priority 1 and 2 areas
Final cleanup All contracted surfaces
Bare pavement or safely passable condition, subject to temperature and surface limitations; residual hazards treated
2.7 Snow Relocation and Off-Site Hauling
The Contractor shall relocate snow within a facility or haul snow off-site when directed or when storage conditions interfere with safety, visibility, parking capacity, drainage, or operations. Off-site disposal must comply with all applicable requirements. Hauling shall be priced separately unless expressly included in the cluster’s seasonal price.
2.8 Ice, Freezing Rain, and Refreezing
The Contractor shall respond to freezing rain, black ice, thaw/refreeze cycles, drifting, and runoff conditions even when measurable snowfall has not occurred. Follow-up inspections and treatments shall continue until contracted areas are reasonably safe and stable.
2.9 Site-Specific Requirements
Attachment A and this general scope. If a site-specific requirement is more stringent, it controls for that facility. The Contractor must verify site access, equipment limitations, snow storage areas, pedestrian priorities, and operational restrictions before service begins.
3. Performance Requirements
3.1 Staffing and Supervision
• Designate one statewide contract manager and one on-call cluster supervisor for each awarded cluster.
• Provide current 24-hour contact information and an escalation chain.
• Use trained, properly licensed personnel familiar with the assigned facilities.
• Maintain staffing sufficient for continuous operations and relief during extended events.
• Comply with all applicable wage, hour, safety, and employment requirements.
3.2 Equipment
Equipment must be safe, properly registered and insured, suited to each facility, equipped with functional lighting and backup alarms, and maintained in reliable operating condition. The Contractor shall maintain backup equipment and shall not depend on equipment committed to incompatible obligations.
Equipment Information Required by Cluster Proposer Response
Primary plow trucks (quantity, size, ownership/lease)
Sidewalk machines/snow blowers
Loaders/skid steers
Material spreaders
Hauling trucks
Equipment Information Required by Cluster Proposer Response
Backup equipment and replacement response time
GPS/event documentation capability
3.3 Communications and Event Reporting
• Provide mobilization and completion notices to the designated FMCP contact.
• Maintain time-stamped service logs by facility showing arrival/departure, personnel, equipment, weather, services performed, material type and quantity, and conditions observed.
• Report access problems, unsafe conditions, damage, incidents, or inability to meet a service deadline immediately.
• Submit event reports and supporting documentation electronically to
FMCPReports@jud.state.ma.us, or another address designated by FMCP, within [24/48] hours after each event.
• Provide photographs or GPS/time-stamped records when requested.
3.4 Damage and Protection of Property
The Contractor is responsible for preventing damage and for promptly reporting and repairing damage caused by its operations, including damage to pavement, curbs, stairs, railings, doors, signs, landscaping, drainage structures, utilities, vehicles, and building components. Before the first Snow Season, the Contractor and FMCP may conduct a joint condition survey of each facility.
3.5 Safety and Security
• Comply with applicable OSHA and workplace-safety requirements.
• Observe facility security, access, identification, and restricted-area procedures.
• Keep emergency exits and fire protection features unobstructed.
• Use cones, barricades, spotters, and warning devices as conditions require.
• Immediately report injuries, vehicle incidents, spills, property damage, or security concerns.
3.6 Performance Monitoring and Remedies
FMCP may inspect services, require corrective work, issue deficiency notices, obtain substitute services when necessary to protect operations, and pursue contractual remedies. Repeated missed deadlines, inadequate staffing, unsafe conditions, unsupported invoices, or failure to correct deficiencies may constitute default.
4. Contractor Qualifications Each Proposer must demonstrate:
• At least three years of relevant snow and ice management experience for multi-facility institutional, governmental, commercial, campus, or comparable properties.
• Successful performance of contracts comparable in geographic scope and operational complexity.
• Adequate financial, managerial, staffing, equipment, and subcontractor capacity.
• A credible simultaneous-event deployment plan for all clusters proposed.
• Required licenses, registrations, insurance, and good standing.
• At least three relevant client references.
• No unresolved performance history that would materially impair responsibility or reliability.
4.1 Subcontractors
Proposers must identify all proposed subcontractors, their assigned clusters/facilities, qualifications, equipment, and responsibilities. The awarded Contractor remains fully responsible for all work.
Substitution or addition of subcontractors requires prior written approval.
5. Proposal Submission Requirements Proposers shall complete and submit Attachment B — Bidder Response Package as one file. The package consolidates the technical response, cluster selection, qualifications, references, staffing and equipment schedules, subcontractor disclosures, pricing, exceptions, certifications, and signature page.
1. Completed Attachment B — Bidder Response Package, signed by an authorized representative.
2. Only official Commonwealth forms or other documents expressly identified in the COMMBUYS posting as separate required attachments.
The apparent successful Proposer must, within the time stated in the notice of award, execute and return all contract documents required by the Trial Court. Failure to provide the required documents, insurance evidence, or certifications may result in withdrawal of the award and consideration of another responsive and responsible Proposer.
All proposal information and pricing shall be entered in Attachment B and uploaded as one completed file. Proposers may add rows or duplicate pricing schedules within Attachment B when needed, but shall not submit separate narrative or pricing attachments unless expressly requested. Proposers are responsible for confirming successful electronic submission before the deadline.
5.1 Questions and Addenda
Questions must be submitted in writing through the method stated in the COMMBUYS posting by the deadline in the Procurement Calendar. Oral interpretations are not binding. Material clarifications or changes will be issued by addendum. Proposers must acknowledge all addenda.
5.2 Site Visits
The Trial Court may conduct cluster-based site visits. Whether mandatory or optional will be stated in the final posting. Proposers are responsible for understanding site constraints and may not rely solely on approximate quantities or maps.
6. Pricing Pricing shall be based on the equipment actually deployed and the salting or treatment services actually performed. For every proposed cluster, the Proposer shall provide an hourly rate for each piece and type of equipment it may use. Equipment rates must include the operator, fuel, maintenance, transportation, mobilization, overhead, and all other operating costs unless a cost is expressly identified as separately payable in the Pricing Form.
The Bidder Response Package requires pricing for each piece or type of equipment, pretreatment and parking-lot treatment services, each yard of sand/salt, and any minimum authorized trip charge.
6.1 Required Price Components
• Hourly rate for each individual piece and type of equipment proposed, including the operator and fuel.
• Equipment identification, capacity, attachment, and the cluster or facilities where the equipment will be assigned.
• Hourly pretreatment and parking-lot treatment service rate.
Anna M Morrisson @Odair D Brandao has anyone or can anyone do a comparison on the contracted snow removal costs verses in house costs? Or, are we not looking at that?
Odair D Brandao We have not conducted a comparison of the contracted snow removal costs versus in-house costs. It is something we can look at if there is interest in evaluating the two options.
James Millins It would be good to have a comparison
• Price for each yard of sand/salt or approved equivalent material.
• Minimum charge per authorized trip, if any.
• Hourly rates for snow relocation and off-site hauling equipment.
• Hourly rate for manual sidewalk and entrance-clearing labor, if separately billable.
• Rates for mechanical sweeping or spring cleanup, if requested.
• Renewal-year equipment and treatment rates for each option year.
6.2 Equipment Billing Requirements
Equipment time shall be billed only while the equipment is actively performing authorized work at an assigned Trial Court facility, unless the accepted Pricing Form expressly provides otherwise. Each invoice must identify the equipment, operator, facility, arrival and departure times, total billable hours, and work performed. The same equipment may not be billed simultaneously to more than one facility or contract.
6.3 Parking-Lot Treatment Billing
Each salting or treatment charge must identify the facility, parking lot, date and time of application, weather and surface conditions, equipment used, treatment hours, material used, quantity applied, and application rate. Repeat applications must be supported by conditions and event documentation. The Contractor may not invoice both an equipment rate and another service rate for the same equipment and time unless the Pricing Form expressly permits both charges.
6.4 No Unapproved Charges
No mobilization, fuel surcharge, travel, administrative, delivery, standby, overtime, or similar charge may be invoiced unless expressly included in the accepted pricing form or authorized in writing. The Contractor shall not perform billable extra work without prior written authorization except when immediate action is necessary to protect life or property and the designated Trial Court contact cannot be reached.
7. Evaluation and Award Award will be made to the lowest responsive, responsible, and eligible bidder for each cluster, based upon the Evaluated Storm Cost calculated in accordance with the methodology established below.
For evaluation purposes, the Trial Court will apply the following standardized quantities to the applicable unit rates submitted by each bidder:
• Pretreatment: 1 hour
• 8-Foot Plow Truck with Rubber Edge: 8 hours
• Standard 8-Foot Plow Truck: 8 hours
• Truck Sander: 6 hours
• Front-End Loader: 4 hours
• Bobcat/Power Broom: 6 hours
• Sand/Salt Material: 1 cubic yard
The Evaluated Storm Cost for each cluster will be calculated as follows:
Evaluated Storm Cost =
• (Pretreatment Hourly Rate × 1)
• (8-Foot Plow Truck with Rubber Edge Hourly Rate × 8)
• (Standard 8-Foot Plow Truck Hourly Rate × 8)
• (Truck Sander Hourly Rate × 6)
• (Front-End Loader Hourly Rate × 4)
• (Bobcat/Power Broom Hourly Rate × 6)
• (Sand/Salt Material Rate per Cubic Yard × 1)
The same evaluation formula and standardized quantities will be applied uniformly to all bidders for each cluster.
The bidder with the lowest Evaluated Storm Cost for a cluster, following confirmation that the bid is responsive and the bidder is responsible and otherwise eligible for award, will be considered the apparent lowest evaluated bidder for that cluster.
Awards may be made on a cluster-by-cluster basis. A bidder may therefore be awarded one cluster, multiple clusters, or no clusters based upon the results of the evaluation.
The quantities identified above are being used solely for purposes of evaluating and comparing bids.
These quantities do not represent guaranteed minimum or maximum quantities, hours of operation, anticipated storm duration, number of storms, or guaranteed usage under any resulting contract.
Actual payments under any resulting contract will be based upon the unit rates contained in the awarded bidder's pricing schedule and the actual services, equipment, labor, and materials authorized and provided in accordance with the contract.
7.1 Award Determination
• Each cluster will be evaluated and awarded independently to the lowest responsible and eligible bidder for that cluster.
• A bidder must submit a complete and responsive bid for the cluster, satisfy all eligibility requirements, and demonstrate the experience, staffing, equipment, supervision, financial capacity, and backup resources necessary to perform the work.
• A bidder submitting bids for multiple clusters must demonstrate sufficient resources to perform all clusters for which it is the apparent low bidder simultaneously. If the bidder cannot demonstrate that capacity, the Trial Court may determine the bidder not responsible for one or more of those clusters and proceed to the next lowest responsible and eligible bidder for the affected cluster or clusters.
• The Trial Court may reject any bid that is nonresponsive or submitted by a bidder determined not responsible or not eligible, in accordance with applicable procurement requirements.
• An award is not final until all required approvals have been obtained and all required contract documents have been completed.
8. Contract Terms and Administrative Requirements
8.1 Contract Term
The anticipated initial term is 32 months, from November 1, 2026 through June 30, 2029. The Trial Court may exercise up to two additional one-year renewal options by written notice, subject to satisfactory performance, funding, agreement on authorized pricing, and required approvals. Renewal is solely at the Trial Court’s discretion.
8.2 Invoicing
Invoices must be submitted in the format and frequency established by FMCP and must identify the contract, cluster, facility, event/date, services, approved rates, equipment/labor/material quantities, and any authorization for extra work. Each building should be invoiced separately. Event reports and supporting documentation must accompany or precede invoices. Unsupported charges may be rejected.
8.3 Insurance and Bonds
Before execution of the contract and throughout its term, including all renewals, the Contractor shall maintain, at its own expense, insurance issued by companies authorized to do business in Massachusetts and reasonably acceptable to the Trial Court. Coverage shall apply to the Contractor, its employees, vehicles, equipment, operations, and subcontractors used in performing snow and ice removal services.
• Commercial General Liability: not less than $1,000,000 per occurrence and $2,000,000 general aggregate, including bodily injury, property damage, personal and advertising injury, products-completed operations, contractual liability, and independent-contractor coverage.
• Automobile Liability: not less than $1,000,000 combined single limit per accident for owned, hired, and non-owned automobiles used in contract performance.
• Workers’ Compensation and Employers’ Liability: workers’ compensation at statutory Massachusetts limits and employers’ liability of not less than $500,000 each accident, $500,000 disease—each employee, and $500,000 disease—policy limit.
• Umbrella/Excess Liability: not less than $2,000,000 per occurrence and aggregate, following form over the commercial general liability, automobile liability, and employers’ liability coverage.
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Massachusetts Trial Court, the Office of Court Management, shall be named as additional insureds on the commercial general liability, automobile liability, and umbrella/excess liability policies for ongoing and completed operations, where applicable. Such coverage shall be primary and noncontributory to insurance maintained by the Commonwealth or Trial Court. A waiver of subrogation in favor of those entities shall be provided where commercially available.
Before commencing work, the Contractor shall provide certificates of insurance and, upon request, copies of applicable endorsements or policies. Certificates must identify the solicitation or contract and awarded cluster(s), and list “Massachusetts Trial Court – Office of Court Management” as certificate holder and additional insured where applicable. The Contractor shall provide notice of cancellation, nonrenewal, or material reduction in coverage to the extent required by the policy or applicable law.
Certificates do not amend, limit, or replace the Contractor’s obligations under the contract.
The Contractor shall require every subcontractor to maintain coverage appropriate to its work and shall provide evidence of such coverage upon request. The Contractor remains fully responsible for subcontractor acts, omissions, and compliance. Any deductible or self-insured retention is the Contractor’s responsibility. The Trial Court may require higher limits or additional coverage when warranted by a particular cluster, facility, vehicle, operation, or risk.
8.4 Required Contract Documents
An award does not create a binding contract. The apparent successful Proposer shall execute and return the documents required by the Trial Court in the form provided and without unauthorized alteration.
Required documents may include, as applicable:
• Commonwealth of Massachusetts Standard Contract Form;
• Commonwealth Terms and Conditions;
• Contractor Authorized Signatory Listing and supporting authorization, if requested;
• Commonwealth Substitute W-9 Form and electronic funds transfer documentation;
• Certificates of insurance and required endorsements meeting Section 8.3;
• Any required bonds, security, subcontractor disclosures, supplier-diversity documents, prevailing-wage acknowledgments, or other forms identified in the RFP, COMMBUYS posting, notice of award, or contract package.
The Contractor shall comply with the Standard Contract Form, Commonwealth Terms and Conditions, this RFP, all attachments and addenda, the accepted proposal, and any negotiated or approved contract documents. In the event of a conflict, the order of precedence stated in the executed contract shall govern. The Trial Court may require updated forms or certifications before execution, renewal, amendment, or payment.
8.5 Prevailing Wage and Legal Compliance
The Contractor shall comply with all applicable federal and Massachusetts laws, regulations, orders, and policies. If prevailing wage requirements apply to any portion of the work, the applicable wage schedule and compliance obligations will be incorporated into the contract. Proposers must not rely on this draft as a legal determination regarding wage coverage.
8.6 Records and Audit
The Contractor shall maintain complete records supporting performance and invoices for the period required by law and contract and shall make such records available to authorized Commonwealth and Trial Court representatives.
8.7 Changes in Facilities or Clusters
The Trial Court may add, remove, temporarily close, or modify facilities or service areas through a written amendment or other authorized contract action. Any equitable pricing adjustment must be documented and approved before implementation. The Trial Court may procure emergency or supplemental services from another source when necessary.
8.8 Reservation of Rights
• Cancel or amend the solicitation at any time before award.
• Reject any or all proposals, waive minor informalities when lawful, or request clarifications.
• Verify information and contact references.
• Make no award for any cluster.
• Negotiate permitted contract details without materially changing the solicitation.
• Use other contractors or resources for emergency, supplemental, or excluded work.
Attachment A — Statewide Cluster Schedule The schedule below is carried forward from the prior contract documents as a working baseline. Facility names, addresses, cluster assignments, required services, and operational notes must be verified and updated before posting. Each cluster should be operationally manageable during a single statewide event. Site maps and detailed service-area quantities should be cross-referenced by facility.
Region Cluster Facility Address / Town Required Services Prior Scope Notes
1 R1-C1 Chicopee District Court 30 Church Street, Chicopee Snow hauling Snow hauling services only to be provided on an as-needed basis upon request by Facilities.
1 R1-C2 Palmer District Court 234 Sykes Street, Palmer Plowing, Ice treatment, Shoveling
Plow and treat lot plus sidewalk -blow/shovel+ stairs
1 R1-C3 Franklin County Justice Center 425 Main Street, Greenfield Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lot
1 R1-C4 Berkshire Probate Court 44 Bank Row, Pittsfield Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lot
1 R1-C4 Berkshire Superior Court 76 East Street, Pittsfield Plowing, Ice treatment
Plow and treat lot- church lot & driveway across the street
1 R1-C5 Hampshire County Court 99 Main Street, Northampton Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lot
2 R2-C7 Framingham District Court 600 Concord Street, Framingham Plowing, Ice treatment
Plow and treat parking lots, shovel when requested
2 R2-C7 Clinton District Court 300 Boylston Street, Clinton MA Plowing, Ice Treatment Plow and treat parking lots, shovel when requested
2 R2-C7 Marlborough District Court Williams Street, Marlborough Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lot
2 R2-C7 Westborough District Court 186 Oak Street, Westborough Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lot
2 R2-C8 Fitchburg District Court 100 Elm Street Fitchburg, Fitchburg
Plowing, Ice treatment, Shoveling Plow and treat lot
2 R2-C8 Fitchburg Registry of Deeds 84 Elm Street, Fitchburg Plowing, Ice treatment, Shoveling Plow and treat lot
2 R2-C8 Ayer District Court 25 East Main Street, Ayer Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lot
2 R2-C8 Gardner District Court 108 Mathews Street, Gardner Plowing, Ice treatment, Shoveling Plow and treat lot
2 R2-C9 Milford District Court 161 West Street, Milford Plowing, Ice treatment, Shoveling
Plow and treat lots, walks and stairs
2 R2-C9 Uxbridge District Court South Main Street, Uxbridge Plowing, Ice treatment, Shoveling Plow and treat lots, walks and stairs
2 R2-C10 Concord District Court 305 Walden Street, Concord Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lot
2 R2-C10 Newton District Court 1309 Washington Street, West Newton
Plowing, Ice treatment, Shoveling Plow and treat lot, walks and stairs
5 R5-C10 Waltham District Court 38 Linden Street, Waltham Plowing, Ice treatment, Shoveling
Plow and treat parking lots, shovel when requested
2 R2-C11 Dudley District Court West Main Street, Dudley Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lot
2 R2-C12 Western Worcester District Court
544 East Main Street, Route 9, East Brookfield
Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lot
3 R3-C13 Haverhill District Court James P. Ginty Blvd., P.O. Box 1389, Haverhill [Verify] [Verify]
3 R3-C13 Newburyport District Court 188 High Street, Route 1 Traffic Circle, Newburyport
Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lots
Region Cluster Facility Address / Town Required Services Prior Scope Notes
3 R3-C13 Newburyport Superior Court 45 High Street, Newburport Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lots
3 R3-C14 Fenton Judicial Center Two Appleton Street, Lawrence Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lots
3 R3-C14 Lawrence Superior Court 40 Appleton Way, Lawrence Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lots
3 R3-C14 Lowell Justice Center 370 Jackson Street, Lowell Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lots
3 R3-C15 Lynn District Court 580 Essex Street, Lynn Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lots
3 R3-C15 Peabody District Court One Lowell Street, Peabody Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lots
3 R3-C15 Michael J Ruane Judicial Center 56 Federal Street, Salem Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lots
3 R3-C15 Thaddus Buczko Building 36 Federal Street, Salem Plowing, Ice treatment Plow and treat lots
4 R4-C16 Fall River Judicial Center 186 South Main Street, Fall River Plowing, Ice treatment
Two lots sallyport area and upper judge's lot
4 R4-C16 Fall River Trial Court 289 Rock Street, Fall River Plowing, Ice treatment
One front and one rear of the building parking lot
4 R4-C16 Taunton Trial Court 40 Broadway, Taunton Plowing, Ice treatment
One lot the rear, side and judges of the building
4 R4-C16 New Bedford Probate and Family Court
505 Pleasant Street, New Bedford
Plowing, Ice treatment No Plowing needed
4 R4-C17 Falmouth Trial Court 161 Jones Street, Falmouth Plowing, Ice treatment
One lot including the rear and side of the building
4 R4-C18 Brockton Trial Court P.O. Box 7520, 215 Main St., Brockton
Plowing, Ice treatment
Two separate lots - one at District and one at Superior
4 R4-C19 Plymouth Trial Court 50 Obery Street, Plymouth Plowing, Ice treatment
Two large parking lots with 300 spaces each side
5 R5-C19 East Cambridge District Court
121 Third Street, East Cambridge
Plowing, Ice treatment, Shoveling
Plow and treat parking lots, shovel when requested
5 R5-C19 Somerville District Court 175 Fellsway, Somerville Plowing, Ice treatment, Shoveling
Plow and treat parking lots, shovel when requested
5 R5-C21 Woburn District Court 30 Pleasant Street, Woburn Plowing, Ice treatment, Shoveling
Plow and treat parking lots, shovel when requested
Attachment A.1 — Facility Contact Information Unless otherwise directed, the Contractor shall use the listed primary or alternate facility contact for site access, event coordination, service verification, and urgent operational issues. Contract notices, pricing matters, change requests, and invoice questions shall be directed to the FMCP contract contacts identified elsewhere in the solicitation.
Region / Cluster Facility Primary
Contact / Title 24-Hour Phone Email Alternate Contact / Phone
1 / R1-C1 Chicopee District Court Kevin Byrne 413-207-2577 kevin.byrne1@jud.state.ma.us
Brian Leibiinger: 413-302-4136
1 / R1-C2 Palmer District Court Kevin Byrne 413-207-2577 kevin.byrne1@jud.state.ma.us
1 / R1-C3 Franklin County Justice Center Bill Ryan 413-265-0549 william.ryan@jud.state.ma.us Brian Leibiinger: 413-302-4136
1 / R1-C4 Berkshire Probate Court Marc Latimer 413-372-2364 marc.latimer@jud.state.ma.us Brian Leibiinger: 413-302-4136
1 / R1-C4 Berkshire Superior Court Marc Latimer 413-372-2364 marc.latimer@jud.state.ma.us Brian Leibiinger: 413-302-4136
1 / R1-C5 Hampshire County Court Kevin Byrne 413-207-2577 kevin.byrne1@jud.state.ma.us
2 / R2-C7 Framingham District Court Daniel Morreal 774823-5196 Daniel.morreale@jud.state.ma.us Dan Morreale 774-823-5196 2 / R2-C7 Marlborough District Court Jeffrey O’Brien 508-340-1412 Jeffrey.obrien@jud.state.ma.us Jeffrey O’Brien 508-340-1412 Westborough District Court Jay Gilbert 978-855-0641 Jay.gilbert@jud.state.ma.us Jay Gilbert 978-855-0641
2 / R2-C8 Fitchburg District Court Jay Gilbert 978-855-0641 Jay.gilberet@jud.state.ma.us Jay Gilbert 978-855-064
2 / R2-C8 Clinton District Court Jay Gilbert 978-855-0641 Jay.gilbert@jud.state.ma.us Jay Gilbert 978-855-064
2 / R2-C8 Ayer District Court Robert Coughlin 774-267-9545 Robert.coughlin@jud.state.ma.us Robert Coughlin 774-267-9545
2 / R2-C8 Gardner District Court Paul Kelley 781-400-9454 Paul.kelley@jud.state.ma.us Paul Kelley 781-400-9454
2 / R2-C9 Milford District Court Ron Perron 774-482-0593 Ronald.perron@jud.state.ma.us Ron Perron 774-482-0593
2 / R2-C9 Uxbridge District Court Thomas Pedro 508-662-4824 Thomas.pedro@jud.state.ma.us Thomas Pedro 508-662-4824
2 / R2-C10 Concord District Court Frank Rothfuchs 781-433-3539 Frank.rothfuchs@jud.state.ma.us Frankk Rothfuchs 781-433-3539
2 / R2-C10 Newton District Court James Marifiote 781-400-9292 James.marifiote@jud.state.ma.us James Marifiote 781-400-9292
5 / R5-C10 Waltham District Court Joao Lopes 617-455-8517 joao.lopes@jud.state.ma.us Silvio Valera-781-375-5712
2 / R2-C11 Dudley District Court Jason Stone 774-418-5553 Jason.stone@jud.state.ma.us Jason Stone 774-418-5553 2 / R2-C12 Western Worcester District
Court Blaise Lee 774-2003165 Blaise.lee@jud.state.ma.us Blaise Lee 774-200-3165 3 / R3-C13 Haverhill District Court Jeff Southworth 978-955-8505 Jeffrey.southworth@jud.state.ma.u s Mike Angluin 978-494-2601
3 / R3-C13 Newburyport District Court Dawn Tape 978-989-2001 Dawn.tape@jud.stae.ma.us Jose Ramos 617-721-4018
3 / R3-C13 Newburyport Superior Court Dawn Tape 978-989-2001 Dawn.tape@jud.stae.ma.us Jose Ramos 617-721-4018
3 / R3-C14 Fenton Judicial Center Andrew Bent 781-266-6813 Andrew.bent@jud.state.ma.us Jose Ramos 617-721-4018 3 / R3-C14 Lawrence Superior Court Andrew Bent 781-266-6813 Andrew.bent@jud.state.ma.us Jose Ramos 617-721-4018
3 / R3-C14 Lowell Justice Center Jeff Southworth 978-955-8505 Jeffrey.southworth@jud.state.ma.u s Mike Angluin 978-494-2601
3 / R3-C15 Lynn District Court Marianela Almeida 978-609-4334 Marianele.almeida@jud.state.ma.u s
Pat Reardon 781-525-4121
3 / R3-C15 Peabody District Court Dawn tape 978-989-2001 Dawn.tape@jud.stae.ma.us Pat Reardon 781-525-4121
3 / R3-C15 Michael J Ruane Judicial Center Marianela Almeida 978-609-4334
3 / R3-C15 Thaddus Buczko Building Marianela Almedia 978-609-4334
4 / R4-C16 Fall River Judicial Center Timothy Sampaio 774 – 810 – 5224 Timothy.sampaio@jud.state.ma.us Patrick Sweeney 774 – 503 - 0122
4 / R4-C16 Fall River Trial Court Timothy Sampaio 774 – 810 – 5224 Timothy.sampaio@jud.state.ma.us Patrick Sweeney 774 – 503 - 012
4 / R4-C16 Taunton Trial Court Douglas Loud 617 – 594 – 1683 douglas.loud@jud.state.ma.us April Figueiredo 508 – 269 - 3351
4 / R4-C16 New Bedford Probate and Family Court Timothy Sampaio 774 – 810 – 5224 Timothy.sampaio@jud.state.ma.us
Patrick Sweeney 774 – 503 - 012
4 / R4-C17 Falmouth Trial Court Anthony Arruda 617 – 835 - 8349 anthony.arruda@jud.state.ma.us Anthony Arruda 617 – 835 - 8349
4 / R4-C18 Brockton Trial Court Richard Connaughton
774 – 264 –
Richard.connaughton@jud.state.ma.
us
Michael Thompson 781 – 351 -mailto:kevin.byrne1@jud.state.ma.us mailto:kevin.byrne1@jud.state.ma.us mailto:kevin.byrne1@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Joao.lopes@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Jeffrey.southworth@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Jeffrey.southworth@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Dawn.tape@jud.stae.ma.us mailto:Dawn.tape@jud.stae.ma.us mailto:Andrew.bent@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Andrew.bent@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Jeffrey.southworth@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Jeffrey.southworth@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Marianele.almeida@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Marianele.almeida@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Dawn.tape@jud.stae.ma.us mailto:Marianele.almeida@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Marianele.almeida@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Marianele.almeida@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Marianele.almeida@jud.state.ma.us mailto:anthony.arruda@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Richard.connaughton@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Richard.connaughton@jud.state.ma.us
Region / Cluster Facility Primary
Contact / Title 24-Hour Phone Email Alternate Contact / Phone
4 / R4-C19 Plymouth Trial Court Mark Ronan 617 – 780 –
Mark.ronan@jud.state.ma.us
George Marshall 508 – 649 -
5 / R5-C19 East Cambridge District Court Joao Lopes 617-455-8517 joao.lopes@jud.state.ma.us
Carlos Navarro – 1-857-283-1389
5 / R5-C19 Somerville District Court Joao Lopes 617-455-8517 joao.lopes@jud.state.ma.us
Alekson Monteiro – 1-781-223-
5 / R5-C21 Woburn District Court Joao Lopes 617-455-8517 joao.lopes@jud.state.ma.us
Joseph Ruggiero – 1-978-447-
Attachment B — Bidder Response Package Proposers must complete, sign, and return the following package as one file. Add rows or duplicate pricing schedules within the package when additional space is needed.
mailto:Mark.ronan@jud.state.ma.us mailto:Joao.lopes@jud.state.ma.us
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
MASSACHUSETTS TRIAL COURT
OFFICE OF COURT MANAGEMENT
FACILITIES MANAGEMENT & CAPITAL PLANNING
BIDDER RESPONSE PACKAGE
Statewide Snow and Ice Removal Services
COMMBUYS Bid No. BD-27-1107-TCFAC-TCFAC-134227 Proposer Legal Name
Primary Contact
Clusters Included
Submission Date
COMPLETE AND RETURN THIS PACKAGE AS ONE FILE
Do not delete section headings. Add rows or duplicate a pricing schedule within this same document when additional space is needed. Do not submit separate narrative attachments unless expressly requested by the Trial Court.
Instructions to Proposers
3. Complete every section that applies to the clusters being proposed.
4. Enter N/A when a question does not apply; do not leave required fields blank.
5. Select every cluster included in the proposal.
6. Complete one pricing schedule for each group of clusters receiving identical rates. If rates differ, duplicate the pricing schedule within this document and identify the applicable clusters.
7. Identify all dedicated and shared equipment. Resources may not be double-committed during overlapping events.
8. Sign the certification page. An unsigned response may be deemed nonresponsive.
9. Upload this completed package as one file through COMMBUYS by the proposal deadline.
Package Contents
Section Required Response
1 Proposer information
2 Cluster selection
3 Experience and qualifications
4 Technical approach and event-response plan
5 Staffing, equipment, and backup resources
6 Subcontractors
7 References
8 Equipment and treatment pricing
9 Exceptions and assumptions
10 Certifications, signature, and submission checklist
Official Commonwealth forms that must remain in their prescribed format, if required by the final solicitation, may be requested separately. Do not recreate or alter such forms inside this package.
1. Proposer Information
Legal business name
Doing business as (if applicable)
Business address
City, State, ZIP
Vendor code / VC number
Federal tax ID (last four digits only)
Business telephone
Website
Primary proposal contact
Contact title
Mobile telephone
Emergency/24-hour contact
Emergency telephone
Years in business
Business structure
2. Cluster Selection Place an X in the box for every cluster included in this proposal. Cluster designations must be reconciled with the final Facility and Cluster Schedule before the RFP is posted.
Cluster Selection
☐ R1-C1
☐ R1-C2
☐ R1-C3
☐ R1-C4
☐ R1-C5
☐ R2-C6
☐ R2-C7
☐ R2-C8
☐ R2-C9
☐ R2-C10
☐ R2-C11
☐ R2-C12
☐ R3-C13
☐ R3-C14
☐ R3-C15
☐ R4-C16
☐ R4-C17
☐ R4-C18
☐ R4-C19
☐ R5-C20
Cluster Selection
☐ R5-C21
☐ R5-C22
Total number of clusters proposed: ____________________
3. Experience and Qualifications
3.1 Relevant Experience
Years providing commercial/institutional snow and ice services:
Largest number of facilities serviced during one event:
Largest geographic service area managed:
Describe experience with governmental, institutional, campus, judicial, healthcare, or comparable multi-facility contracts.
3.2 Capacity for Simultaneous Events
Explain how the Proposer will staff every proposed cluster during a statewide event, including reserve personnel, backup equipment, dispatch, communications, fuel/material supply, and extended-event relief.
3.3 Performance History
Question Yes/No Explanation (required for Yes) Has the Proposer had a snow-removal contract terminated for default within the past five years?
Has the Proposer been assessed material back-charges, service credits, or damages within the past five years?
Is the Proposer presently debarred, suspended, or otherwise ineligible for public contracting?
Are there pending claims or circumstances that may materially affect performance?
4. Staffing, Equipment, and Backup Resources
4.1 Key Personnel
Name Role Cluster(s) 24-Hour Phone Years of Experience
4.2 Equipment Assignment
List each individual piece of equipment proposed. Add rows as needed.
Equipment ID Type / Size / Attachment Cluster(s) Assigned Facility(ies) Owned/Leased/Su
b. Backup
5. Subcontractors Identify every proposed subcontractor. Enter None if the Proposer will self-perform all work.
Subcontractor Address / Contact Cluster(s) / Facilities Work / Equipment Years Used
6. References Provide at least three references for comparable multi-facility snow and ice service contracts.
Reference 1
Client/agency
Contact and title
Telephone and email
Contract dates and value
Facilities/locations served
Services performed
Reference 2
Client/agency
Contact and title
Telephone and email
Contract dates and value
Facilities/locations served
Services performed
Reference 3
Client/agency
Contact and title
Telephone and email
Contract dates and value
Facilities/locations served
Services performed
7. Equipment and Treatment Pricing Identify the cluster(s) to which this pricing applies. If rates differ, duplicate Sections 8.1 through 8.3 within this document and complete a separate schedule for each rate group.
Pricing applies to cluster(s):
Contract dates represented:
7.1 Equipment and Service Rates
Equipment / Service Description Unit Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Option 1 Option 2
Pretreatment / parking-lot treatment service Per hour Truck with 8-foot minimum plow with rubber edge and driver Per hour
Truck with 8-foot minimum plow and driver Per hour
Truck sander with driver Per hour
Front-end loader with driver Per hour
Bobcat/power broom or equivalent with driver Per hour Motorized sidewalk ice-treatment equipment with operator Per hour
Sidewalk plow/snow-blowing equipment with operator Per hour
Hand shoveling Per labor hour
Snow pusher with driver Per hour
10-wheeler with driver - hauling only Per hour
Tri-axle with driver - hauling only Per hour
Each yard of sand/salt Per yard
Minimum charge per authorized trip Per trip
8. Exceptions and Assumptions List every exception, qualification, assumption, alternative, or requested change. Enter None if there are no exceptions. Silence constitutes acceptance of the final RFP requirements, subject to the executed contract.
RFP Section Exception / Assumption Proposed Alternative Cost / Operational Effect
9. Proposer Certifications and Signature By signing below, the Proposer certifies that:
• The information in this response package is true, complete, and accurate to the best of the signer’s knowledge.
• The signer is authorized to bind the Proposer.
• The Proposer has reviewed the RFP, attachments, site information, and all acknowledged addenda.
• The proposed prices remain valid for the period stated in the final RFP.
• The Proposer can provide the staffing, equipment, materials, supervision, and backup resources represented in this response.
• The Proposer will disclose material changes occurring before award or contract execution.
• Except as expressly listed in Section 9, the Proposer accepts the requirements of the final RFP and resulting contract.
• If selected for award, the Proposer will timely execute the Commonwealth Standard Contract
Form, Commonwealth Terms and Conditions, and all other required contract documents and certifications.
• The Proposer can obtain and maintain the insurance coverage required by Section 8.3 and will provide acceptable certificates and endorsements before contract execution.
Proposer legal name
Authorized representative
Title
Signature
Date
Submission Checklist
☐ Proposer information completed ☐ All proposed clusters selected ☐ Qualifications and technical approach completed ☐ Staffing, equipment, and backup resources identified ☐ Subcontractors disclosed or None entered ☐ Three references provided ☐ Pricing schedule completed for every proposed rate group ☐ Parking-lot treatment information completed ☐ Exceptions listed or None entered ☐ Addenda acknowledged below ☐ Package signed by an authorized representative ☐ Ability to execute required Commonwealth contract documents confirmed
☐ Ability to provide required insurance certificates and endorsements confirmed
Addenda acknowledged: _____________________
END OF BIDDER RESPONSE PACKAGE
| BD-27-1107-TCFAC-TCFAC-134227 |
| Solicitation Overview |
| Key Procurement Information |
| Procurement Contact Information |
| Definitions |
| 1. Contract Organization and Award Structure |
| 1.1 Statewide Cluster Model |
| 1.2 Bidding Rules |
| 1.3 Multiple Awards |
| 2. Scope of Services |
| 2.1 General Responsibility |
| 2.2 Weather Monitoring and Mobilization |
| 2.3 Pretreatment and Deicing |
| 2.4 Snow Plowing and Clearing |
| 2.5 Sidewalks, Stairs, Ramps, and Entrances |
| 2.6 Operating Priorities and Completion Standards |
| 2.7 Snow Relocation and Off-Site Hauling |
| 2.8 Ice, Freezing Rain, and Refreezing |
| 2.9 Site-Specific Requirements |
| 3. Performance Requirements |
| 3.1 Staffing and Supervision |
| 3.2 Equipment |
| 3.3 Communications and Event Reporting |
| 3.4 Damage and Protection of Property |
| 3.5 Safety and Security |
| 3.6 Performance Monitoring and Remedies |
| 4. Contractor Qualifications |
| 4.1 Subcontractors |
| 5. Proposal Submission Requirements |
| 5.1 Questions and Addenda |
| 5.2 Site Visits |
| 6. Pricing |
| 6.1 Required Price Components |
| 6.2 Equipment Billing Requirements |
| 6.3 Parking-Lot Treatment Billing |
| 6.4 No Unapproved Charges |
| 7. Evaluation and Award |
| 7.1 Award Determination |
| 8. Contract Terms and Administrative Requirements |
| 8.1 Contract Term |
| 8.2 Invoicing |
| 8.3 Insurance and Bonds |
| 8.4 Required Contract Documents |
| 8.5 Prevailing Wage and Legal Compliance |
| 8.6 Records and Audit |
| 8.7 Changes in Facilities or Clusters |
| 8.8 Reservation of Rights |
| Attachment A — Statewide Cluster Schedule |
| Attachment A.1 — Facility Contact Information |
| Attachment B — Bidder Response Package |
| BD-27-1107-TCFAC-TCFAC-134227 |
| Instructions to Proposers |
| Package Contents |
| 1. Proposer Information |
| 2. Cluster Selection |
| 3. Experience and Qualifications |
| 3.1 Relevant Experience |
| 3.2 Capacity for Simultaneous Events |
| 3.3 Performance History |
| 4. Staffing, Equipment, and Backup Resources |
| 4.1 Key Personnel |
| 4.2 Equipment Assignment |
| 5. Subcontractors |
| 6. References |
| Reference 1 |
| Reference 2 |
| Reference 3 |
| 7. Equipment and Treatment Pricing |
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