FP24_Eng.pdf

STANDARD

SPECIFICATIONS

FOR CONSTRUCTION OF

ROADS AND BRIDGES

ON FEDERAL HIGHWAY

PROJECTS

FP-24

Standard Specifications for Construction of

Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects

FP-24

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT

OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Highway Administration i

PREFACE

These Standard Specifications for the Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects are issued primarily for constructing roads and bridges on Federal Highway projects under the direct administration of the Federal Highway Administration. These specifications are cited as "FP-24" indicating "Federal Project" Standard Specifications issued in 2024.

When designated in a contract, the FP-24 becomes part of the contract and binding upon all parties to the contract. Construction contracts of the Federal Highway Administration are also governed by the following regulations:

• Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), Title 48, Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 1; and

• Transportation Acquisition Regulation (TAR), Title 48, Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 12.

The FAR and TAR regulations are not included in the FP-24. A complete copy of the FAR is available from the Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, U.S. Government Publishing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

U.S. Customary units of measure are used in the FP-24. The references to Metric or Metric units apply only where standardized testing requires Metric units of measure.

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METRIC TO U.S. CUSTOMARY CONVERSION FACTORS (approximate) Symbol When You Know Multiply By To Find Symbol

LENGTH

µm micrometers 3.9 × 10-5 inches in mm millimeters 0.039 inches in m meters 3.28 feet ft m meters 1.09 yards yd km kilometers 0.621 miles mi

AREA

mm2 square millimeters 0.0016 square inches in2 m2 square meters 10.764 square feet ft2 m2 square meters 1.195 square yards yd2 ha hectares 2.47 acres ac km2 square kilometers 0.386 square miles mi2

VOLUME

mL milliliters 0.034 fluid ounces fl oz L liters 0.264 gallons gal m3 cubic meters 35.31 cubic feet ft3 m3 cubic meters 1.308 cubic yards yd3

MASS

g grams 0.035 ounces oz kg kilograms 2.2046 pounds lb Mg megagrams 1.1023 short tons T

(or "t") (or "metric ton") (2000 lb) TEMPERATURE (exact)

°C Celsius temperature

1.8C +32 Fahrenheit temperature

°F

ILLUMINATION

lx lux 0.0929 foot-candles fc cd/m2 candela/m2 0.2919 foot-Lamberts fl

MISCELLANEOUS

J joule 0.7376 foot·poundforce ft·lbf N newtons 0.225 poundforce lbf kPa kilopascals 0.145 Poundforce per square inch lbf/in2 iii

Table of Contents

DIVISION 100 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 101. — TERMS, FORMAT, AND DEFINITIONS

Section 102. — BID, AWARD, AND EXECUTION OF CONTRACT

Section 103. — SCOPE OF WORK

Section 104. — CONTROL OF WORK

Section 105. — CONTROL OF MATERIAL

Section 106. — ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

Section 107. — LEGAL RELATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITY TO THE PUBLIC

Section 108. — PROSECUTION AND PROGRESS

Section 109. — MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

DIVISION 150 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

Section 151. — MOBILIZATION

Section 152. — CONSTRUCTION SURVEY AND STAKING

Section 153. — CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL

Section 154. — CONTRACTOR SAMPLING AND TESTING

Section 155. — SCHEDULES FOR CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS

Section 156. — PUBLIC TRAFFIC

Section 157. — SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

Section 158. — WATERING FOR DUST CONTROL

DIVISION 200 EARTHWORK

Section 201. — CLEARING AND GRUBBING

Section 202. — ADDITIONAL CLEARING AND GRUBBING

Section 203. — REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS

Section 204. — EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT

Section 205. — ROCK BLASTING

Section 206. — RESERVED

Section 207. — EARTHWORK GEOSYNTHETICS

Section 208. — STRUCTURE EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL FOR SELECTED MAJOR

STRUCTURES

Section 209. — STRUCTURE EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL

Section 210. — RESERVED

Section 211. — ROADWAY OBLITERATION iv

Section 212. — LINEAR AND SITE GRADING

Section 213. — SUBGRADE STABILIZATION

DIVISION 250 EARTH RETAINING SYSTEMS AND SLOPES

Section 251. — RIPRAP

Section 252. — ROCKERY, SPECIAL ROCK EMBANKMENT, AND ROCK BUTTRESS

Section 253. — GABIONS AND REVET MATTRESSES

Section 254. — SOLDIER PILE RETAINING WALLS

Section 255. — MECHANICALLY-STABILIZED EARTH WALLS

Section 256. — PERMANENT GROUND ANCHORS

Section 257. — CONTRACTOR-DESIGNED RETAINING STRUCTURES

Section 258. — REINFORCED CONCRETE RETAINING WALLS

Section 259. — SOIL NAIL RETAINING WALLS

Section 260. — ROCK BOLTS AND DOWELS

Section 261. — REINFORCED SOIL SLOPES

Section 262. — SLOPE SCALING

Section 263. — DRAPED ROCKFALL PROTECTION

Section 264. — MIDSLOPE ROCKFALL ATTENUATOR

Section 265. — ROADSIDE ROCKFALL PROTECTION

Section 266. — ANCHORED WIRE MESH SYSTEM

Section 267. — DRAIN HOLES IN ROCK

Section 268. — HORIZONTAL DRAINS

DIVISION 300 AGGREGATE AND BASE COURSES

Section 301. — UNTREATED AGGREGATE COURSES

Section 302. — CRUSHED AGGREGATE

Section 303. — ROAD RECONDITIONING

Section 304. — FULL DEPTH RECLAMATION

Section 305. — FULL DEPTH RECLAMATION WITH CEMENT

Section 306. — FULL DEPTH RECLAMATION WITH ASPHALT

Section 307. — RESERVED

Section 308. — EMULSIFIED ASPHALT-TREATED BASE COURSE

Section 309. — COLD CENTRAL PLANT RECYCLED ASPHALT BASE COURSE

Section 310. — COLD IN-PLACE RECYCLED ASPHALT BASE COURSE

Section 311. — STABILIZED AGGREGATE SURFACE COURSE

Section 312. — DUST PALLIATIVE v

Section 313. — AGGREGATE-TOPSOIL COURSE

Section 314. — STOCKPILED AGGREGATES

Section 315. — RECYCLED AGGREGATE

DIVISION 400 ASPHALT PAVEMENTS AND SURFACE TREATMENTS

Section 401. — ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT BY GYRATORY MIX DESIGN

METHOD

Section 402. — ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT BY HVEEM OR MARSHALL MIX

DESIGN METHOD

Section 403. — ASPHALT CONCRETE

Section 404. — THIN LIFT ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT

Section 405. — OPEN-GRADED ASPHALT FRICTION COURSE

Section 406. — FOG SEAL

Section 407. — CHIP SEAL

Section 408. — ULTRATHIN BONDED WEARING COURSE

Section 409. — MICRO SURFACING

Section 410. — SLURRY SEAL

Section 411. — ASPHALT PRIME COAT

Section 412. — ASPHALT TACK COAT

Section 413. — ASPHALT PAVEMENT MILLING

Section 414. — ASPHALT PAVEMENT CRACK AND JOINT SEALING AND FILLING

Section 415. — PAVING GEOTEXTILES

Section 416. — RESERVED

Section 417. — RESERVED

Section 418. — ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT PATCHING

DIVISION 500 RIGID PAVEMENTS

Section 501. — MINOR CONCRETE PAVEMENT

Section 502. — CONCRETE PAVEMENT RESTORATION

DIVISION 550 BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

Section 551. — DRIVEN PILES

Section 552. — STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

Section 553. — PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

Section 554. — REINFORCING STEEL

Section 555. — STEEL STRUCTURES

Section 556. — BRIDGE RAILING

Section 557. — TIMBER STRUCTURES vi

Section 558. — DAMPPROOFING

Section 559. — WATERPROOFING AND SEALING

Section 560. — REMOVAL OF CONCRETE BY HYDRODEMOLITION

Section 561. — CONCRETE CRACK REPAIR BY EPOXY INJECTION

Section 562. — TEMPORARY WORKS

Section 563. — COATING

Section 564. — BEARING DEVICES

Section 565. — DRILLED SHAFTS

Section 566. — SHOTCRETE

Section 567. — MICROPILES

Section 568. — SERVICE LIFE DESIGN CONCRETE

Section 569. — CONCRETE OVERLAYS FOR BRIDGE DECKS

Section 570. — POLYESTER POLYMER CONCRETE OVERLAYS FOR BRIDGE DECKS

Section 571. — ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

Section 572. — CONCRETE REPAIR

Section 573. — HELICAL PILES

Section 574. — GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED SOIL-INTEGRATED BRIDGE SYSTEM

Section 575. — TEMPORARY BRIDGES

Section 576. — RESERVED

Section 577. — FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER STRUCTURES

Section 578. — PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS

DIVISION 600 INCIDENTAL CONSTRUCTION

Section 601. — MINOR CONCRETE

Section 602. — CULVERTS AND DRAINS

Section 603. — STRUCTURAL PLATE STRUCTURES

Section 604. — MANHOLES, INLETS, AND CATCH BASINS

Section 605. — UNDERDRAINS, SHEET DRAINS, AND PAVEMENT EDGE DRAINS

Section 606. — CORRUGATED METAL SPILLWAYS

Section 607. — CLEANING, RELAYING, AND REPAIRING EXISTING DRAINAGE

STRUCTURES

Section 608. — PAVED WATERWAYS

Section 609. — CURB AND GUTTER

Section 610. — SIDEWALKS, PADS, AND MEDIANS vii

Section 611. — WATER SYSTEMS

Section 612. — SANITARY SEWER SYSTEMS

Section 613. — SIMULATED STONE MASONRY SURFACE

Section 614. — FLOWABLE BACKFILL

Section 615. — RESERVED

Section 616. — SLOPE PAVING

Section 617. — GUARDRAIL

Section 618. — CONCRETE BARRIERS

Section 619. — FENCES, GATES, CATTLE GUARDS, AND BOLLARDS

Section 620. — STONE MASONRY

Section 621. — MONUMENTS AND MARKERS

Section 622. — RENTAL EQUIPMENT

Section 623. — GENERAL LABOR

Section 624. — TOPSOIL

Section 625. — TURF ESTABLISHMENT

Section 626. — PLANTS, TREES, SHRUBS, VINES, AND GROUND COVERS

Section 627. — SOD

Section 628. — TEMPORARY STREAM DIVERSIONS

Section 629. — ROLLED EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS AND CELLULAR

CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS

Section 630. — RESERVED

Section 631. — RESERVED

Section 632. — LOCATING UTILITIES

Section 633. — PERMANENT TRAFFIC CONTROL

Section 634. — PERMANENT PAVEMENT MARKINGS

Section 635. — TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL

Section 636. — TRAFFIC SIGNAL, TRAFFIC COUNTER, LIGHTING, AND ELECTRICAL

SYSTEMS

Section 637. — FACILITIES AND SERVICES

DIVISION 700 MATERIAL

Section 701. — CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL

701.01 Hydraulic Cement

701.02 Reserved

701.03 Pozzolans

701.04 Grout

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701.05 Mortar

Section 702. — ASPHALT MATERIAL AND ADDITIVES

702.01 Asphalt Binder

702.02 Emulsified Asphalt

702.03 Hot-Applied Asphalt Aggregate-Filled Mastic

702.04 Asphalt Mastic

702.05 Antistrip Additive

Section 703. — AGGREGATE

703.01 Fine Aggregate for Concrete

703.02 Coarse Aggregate for Concrete

703.03 Underdrain Backfill

703.04 Reserved

703.05 Subbase, Base, and Surface Course Aggregate

703.06 Crushed Aggregate

703.07 Asphalt Concrete Aggregate

703.08 Open-Graded Asphalt Friction Course Aggregate

703.09 Chip Seal Aggregate

703.10 Slurry Seal and Micro Surfacing Aggregate

703.11 Reserved

703.12 Blotter

703.13 Aggregate for Aggregate-Topsoil Course

703.14 Sand

703.15 Flowable Backfill Aggregate

703.16 Shotcrete Aggregate

703.17 Granular Rock Backdrain

703.18 Ultrathin Bonded Wearing Aggregate

703.19 Polyester Polymer Concrete Aggregate

703.20 Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Open-graded Backfill

Section 704. — SOIL

704.01 Soil and soil-aggregate materials

704.02 Select Borrow

704.03 Select Granular Backfill

Section 705. — ROCK

705.01 Gabion and Revet Mattress Rock

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705.02 Rock for Riprap

705.03 Rock for Masonry Structures

705.04 Rock for Special Rock Embankments

705.05 Rock for Buttresses

705.06 Rock for Rockeries

705.07 Rock Mulch

705.08 Filter Rock

705.09 Wall Facing Fill

Section 706. — CONCRETE PIPE

706.01 Non-Reinforced Concrete Pipe

706.02 Reinforced Concrete Pipe

706.03 Perforated Concrete Pipe

706.04 Reinforced Arch-Shaped Concrete Pipe

706.05 Reinforced Elliptically-Shaped Concrete Pipe

706.06 Reinforced D-Load Concrete Pipe

706.07 Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Sections

706.08 Gaskets for Concrete Pipe

706.09 Supplemental Concrete Pipe Ties

Section 707. — METAL PIPE

707.01 Ductile Iron Culvert Pipe

707.02 Metallic-Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe

707.03 Aluminum-Alloy Corrugated Pipe

707.04 Asphalt-Coated Pipe

707.05 Steel Structural Plate Structures

707.06 Aluminum-Alloy Structural Plate Structures

707.07 Asphalt-Coated Structural Plate Structures

707.08 Polymer-Coated Steel Pipe

707.09 Corrugated Metal Units

707.10 Metallic-Coated Slotted Drain Pipe

707.11 Metallic-Coated Spiral Rib Pipe

707.12 Aluminum-Alloy Spiral Rib Pipe

707.13 Concrete-Lined Corrugated Steel Pipe

707.14 Invert-Paved Corrugated Steel Pipe

707.15 Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings

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707.16 Seamless Copper Water Tube and Fittings

707.17 Gaskets for Metal Pipe

707.18 Gaskets for Ductile Iron Pipe

Section 708. — PLASTIC PIPE

708.01 Smooth Wall Polyethylene Pipe

708.02 Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe

708.03 Profile Wall (Ribbed) Polyethylene Pipe

708.04 Corrugated Polyethylene Drainage Tubing

708.05 Corrugated Polypropylene Pipe

708.06 Smooth Wall Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe

708.07 Profile Wall (Ribbed) Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe

708.08 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Pipe

708.09 Gaskets for Plastic Pipe

Section 709. — REINFORCING STEEL AND WIRE ROPE

709.01 Reinforcing Steel

709.02 Prestressing Steel

709.03 Wire Rope

Section 710. — FENCING AND MESH FABRICS

710.01 Barbed Wire

710.02 Smooth Wire

710.03 Woven Wire

710.04 Chain Link Fence

710.05 Fence Posts and Bollards

710.06 Split Rail

710.07 Fence Gates

710.08 Temporary Plastic Fence

710.09 Draped Rockfall Protection Fabric

710.10 Midslope Rockfall Attenuator Materials

Section 711. — CONCRETE CURING MATERIAL AND ADDITIVES

711.01 Curing Material

711.02 Air-Entraining Admixtures

711.03 Chemical Admixtures

711.04 Latex Emulsion

711.05 Concrete Coloring Agents

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711.06 Reinforcing Fibers

Section 712. — JOINT MATERIAL

712.01 Sealants, Fillers, and Seals

Section 713. — ROADSIDE IMPROVEMENT MATERIAL

713.01 Topsoil

713.02 Agricultural Limestone

713.03 Fertilizer

713.04 Seed

713.05 Mulch

713.06 Plant Material

713.07 Cellular Confinement Systems

713.08 Miscellaneous Planting Material

713.09 Sod

713.10 Pegs for Sod

713.11 Tackifiers

713.12 Fiber Rolls

713.13 Gravel Bags

713.14 Sandbags

713.15 Temporary Culvert Pipe

713.16 Silt Fence

713.17 Rolled Erosion Control Products

713.18 Turf Reinforcement Mats

713.19 Sediment Filter Bags

713.20 Prefabricated Filter Insert

713.21 Floating Turbidity Curtains

713.22 Plastic Lining

Section 714. — GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIAL

714.01 Geotextile

714.02 Geocomposite Drain

714.03 Stabilization Geogrid

714.04 Reinforcement Geotextile and Geogrid

714.05 Geomembrane

714.06 Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Reinforcement Geosynthetic

Section 715. — PILING xii

715.01 Untreated Timber Piles

715.02 Treated Timber Piles

715.03 Steel Pipes

715.04 Steel H-Piles

715.05 Sheet Piles

715.06 Pile Shoes

715.07 Splices

715.08 Helical Piles

Section 716. — MATERIAL FOR TIMBER STRUCTURES

716.01 Untreated Structural Timber and Lumber

716.02 Treated Structural Timber and Lumber

716.03 Structural Glued Laminated Timber

716.04 Wood-Plastic Composite

716.05 Hardware

Section 717. — STRUCTURAL METAL

717.01 Structural Steel

717.02 Steel Forgings

717.03 Pins and Rollers

717.04 Castings

717.05 Welded Stud Shear Connectors

717.06 Steel Pipe

717.07 Galvanized Coatings

717.08 Steel Grid Floors

717.09 Bearings

717.10 Aluminum Alloy for Bridge Rail

717.11 Aluminum Bolt Heads and Nuts

717.12 Aluminum Welding Wire

Section 718. — TRAFFIC SIGNING AND MARKING MATERIAL

718.01 Retroreflective Sheeting

718.02 Legends and Borders

718.03 Panels

718.04 Sign Posts

718.05 Delineator and Object Marker Posts

718.06 Hardware

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718.07 Delineator and Object Marker Retroreflectors

718.08 Solventborne Pavement Markings

718.09 Waterborne Pavement Markings

718.10 High-Build Waterborne Pavement Markings

718.11 Epoxy Pavement Markings

718.12 Thermoplastic Pavement Markings

718.13 Preformed Pavement Marking Tape

718.14 Glass Beads

718.15 Pavement Markers

718.16 Temporary Pavement Markings

718.17 Epoxy Resin Adhesives

718.18 Methyl Methacrylate Pavement Markings

Section 719. — COATING MATERIAL

719.01 General

719.02 Coating for Iron and Steel Structures

719.03 Coating for Aluminum Structures

719.04 Coating for Other Structural Material

719.05 Penetrating Stain for Concrete

Section 720. — STRUCTURAL WALL AND STABILIZED EMBANKMENT MATERIAL

720.01 Mechanically-Stabilized Earth Wall Material

720.02 Gabion and Revet Mattress Material

Section 721. — ELECTRICAL AND ILLUMINATION MATERIAL

721.01 Electrical Material

721.02 Lighting Material

Section 722. — ANCHOR MATERIAL

722.01 Anchorage Devices

722.02 Anchor Tendons

722.03 Rock Bolts and Rock Dowels

722.04 Soil Nails

722.05 Anchor Nails

722.06 Micropile Materials

722.07 Rockfall Protection Anchor Materials

Section 723. — DAMPPROOFING AND WATERPROOFING MATERIAL

723.01 Dampproofing Material

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723.02 Waterproofing Material

Section 724. — GUARDRAIL

724.01 Rail Elements

724.02 Guardrail Posts

724.03 Guardrail Blockouts

724.04 Guardrail Hardware

Section 725. — MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL

725.01 Water

725.02 Calcium Chloride, Magnesium Chloride, and Lignosulfonate

725.03 Lime

725.04 Reserved

725.05 Mineral Filler

725.06 Concrete Building Brick

725.07 Concrete Masonry Units

725.08 Paving Brick

725.09 Precast Concrete Units and Accessories

725.10 Frames, Grates, Covers, and Ladder Rungs

725.11 Detectable Warning Tape

725.12 Epoxy Resin Adhesives

725.13 Slurry (Drilling Fluids)

725.14 Polymer Concrete and Mortar

725.15 Color Coating

725.16 Galvanic Anodes

725.17 Polyester Resin Binder

725.18 High Molecular Weight Methacrylate

725.19 Fiber-Reinforced Polymer

725.20 Penetrating Sealant

DIVISION 100

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 101

Section 101. — TERMS, FORMAT, AND DEFINITIONS

101.01 Meaning of Terms. These specifications are generally written in the imperative mood. In sentences using the imperative mood, the subject, "the Contractor", is implied. Also implied in this language are "shall", "shall be", or similar words and phrases. In material specifications, the subject may also be the supplier, fabricator, or manufacturer supplying material, products, or equipment for use on the project. Wherever "directed", "required", "prescribed", "requested", or "ordered" are used, the "direction", "requirement", "prescription", or "order" of the Contracting Officer is intended. Wherever something is to be "submitted" or "submitting to", the Contracting Officer is intended. Similarly, wherever "approved", "acceptable", "suitable", "satisfactory", or similar words are used, the words mean "approved by", "acceptable to", or "satisfactory to" the Contracting Officer.

The word "will" generally pertains to decisions or actions of the Contracting Officer.

101.02 Specifications Format. These specifications are divided into 10 Divisions. Division 100 consists of general contract requirements for which no direct payment is made. The requirements contained in Division 100 apply to all contracts.

Division 150 consists of project contract requirements that apply to all contracts. Work under Division 150 is paid for directly or indirectly according to Subsection 109.05. If there is no pay item in the bid schedule, no direct payment is made.

Divisions 200 through 600 consist of construction contract requirements for specific items of work. Work under these Divisions is paid for directly or indirectly according to Subsection 109.05. If there is no pay item in the bid schedule, no direct payment is made.

Division 700 contains the material requirements for Divisions 150 through 600. No direct payment is made in Division 700. Payment for material is included as part of the work required in Divisions 150 through 600.

The first three digits of the pay item number in the bid schedule identify the Section under which the work is performed.

101.03 Abbreviations.When these abbreviations are used, they represent the following:

(a) Acronyms.

3D — Three-Dimensional

AASHTO — American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ACI — American Concrete Institute

AISC — American Institute of Steel Construction

AITC — American Institute of Timber Construction

AMG — Automated Machine Guidance

ANSI — American National Standards Institute

ASR — Alkali-Silica Reactivity

ASTM — American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International)

ATSSA — American Traffic Safety Services Association

AWG — American Wire Gauge

AWPA — American Wood Protection Association

AWS — American Welding Society

AWWA — American Water Works Association

BMP — Best Management Practice

CFR — Code of Federal Regulations

CO — Contracting Officer and authorized representatives

CPM — Critical Path Method

CRSI — Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute

CTSM — Contingent Sum

EPA — Environmental Protection Agency

FAR — Federal Acquisition Regulations (48 CFR Chapter 1)

FHWA — Federal Highway Administration

FLH — Federal Lands Highway

FRP — Fiber-Reinforced Polymer

GPS — Global Positioning System

GRS — Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil

GSA — General Services Administration

HDPE — High Density Polyethylene

HPC — High-Performance Concrete

HPS — High-Performance Steel

HMA — Hot Mix Asphalt

HMWM — High Molecular Weight Methacrylate

IMSA — International Municipal Signal Association

ISO — International Organization for Standardization

ISSA — International Slurry Surfacing Association

IWRC — Independent Wire Rope Core

JMF — Job-Mix Formula

LPSM — Lump Sum

LRFD — Load and Resistance Factor Design

MASH — Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware

MPI — Master Painters Institute

MSE — Mechanically-Stabilized Earth

MTV — Material Transfer Vehicle

MUTCD — Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways

NACE — National Association of Corrosion Engineers

NCHRP — National Cooperative Highway Research Program

NEMA — National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NIST — National Institute of Standards and Technology

NMSA — Nominal Maximum Size Aggregate

NPCA — National Precast Concrete Association

NTP — Notice to Proceed

OSHA — Occupational Safety and Health Administration

PCI — Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute

PPC — Polyester Polymer Concrete

PTFE — Polytetrafluoroethylene

PTI — Post-Tensioning Institute

PVC — Polyvinyl Chloride

QA — Quality Assurance

QC — Quality Control

QCM — Quality Control Manager

QCP — Quality Control Plan

RAP — Recycled Asphalt Pavement

RECP — Rolled Erosion Control Product

RSS — Reinforced Soil Slope

SDS — Safety Data Sheet

SF — Standard Form

SRWU — Segmental Retaining Wall Unit

SSPC — The Society for Protective Coatings

SWPPP — Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan

S4S — Surfaced four sides (lumber)

TAR — Transportation Acquisition Regulations (48 CFR Chapter 12)

TSR — Tensile Strength Ratio

UL — Underwriter’s Laboratory

U.S. — United States

U.S.C. — United States Code

UV — Ultraviolet

VFA — Voids Filled with Asphalt

VMA — Voids in Mineral Aggregate

VOC — Volatile Organic Compounds

WMA — Warm Mix Asphalt

(b) Unit abbreviations and symbols.

°F — degree Fahrenheit temperature ft — feet length ft2 — square feet area ft3 — cubic feet volume gal — gallon volume in — inches length in2 — square inches area in3 — cubic inches volume kip — 1000 pounds mass ksi — kilopound per square inch pressure lb — pound mass lbf — pound-force force mi — mile length min — minute time oz — ounces mass ppm — parts per million concentration psi — pounds per square inch pressure sec — second time

V — volt electric potential yd — yards length yd2 — square yards area yd3 — cubic yards volume

(c) Slope notation. Slopes are expressed as the ratio of vertical to horizontal (V:H).

101.04 Definitions. Unless otherwise specified, the following terms are defined as follows:

Automated Machine Guidance — An application that can be applied to highway construction projects to provide construction efficiencies through enhanced location referencing. AMG involves using construction equipment mounted with onboard computers. Using a combination of 3D modeling data along with GPS technology, AMG provides horizontal and vertical guidance in real time to construction equipment operators.

Award — The written acceptance of a bid by the CO.

Backfill — Material used to replace or the act of replacing material removed during construction. Material placed or the act of placing material adjacent to structures.

Base — The lift or lifts of material placed on a subbase or subgrade to support a surface course.

Bid — A written offer by a bidder to perform work at a quoted price.

Bidder — An individual or legal entity submitting a bid.

Bid Guarantee — A form of security assuring that the bidder will not withdraw a bid within the period specified for acceptance and will execute a written contract and provide required bonds.

Bid Schedule — The prepared schedule included with the bid forms, containing the estimated quantities of pay items for which unit bid prices are invited.

Bridge — A structure including supports erected over a depression or an obstruction (such as water, highway, or railway), having a track or passageway for carrying traffic or other moving loads, and having an opening measured along the center of the roadway of more than 20 feet between undercopings of abutments or spring lines of arches, or extreme ends of openings for multiple boxes. It may also include multiple pipes, where the clear distance between openings is less than half of the smaller contiguous opening.

Clear Zone — The portion of the roadside, including the shoulder, available for the safe use by an errant vehicle.

Commercial Certification — See Subsection 106.03.

Completion Date — The date by which all contract work is to be complete.

Construction Limits — The limits that establish the area disturbed by construction operations and beyond which no disturbance is allowed.

Contract — The written agreement between the Government and the Contractor setting forth the obligations of the parties for the performance of and payment for the prescribed work.

Contracting Officer — An official of the Government with the authority to execute, administer, and terminate contracts, and make related determinations and findings. The term includes authorized representatives of the CO acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the CO.

Contract Modification — A written change in the terms of the contract. Contract modifications are of the following forms:

(a) Administrative change. A unilateral contract change, in writing, that does not affect the substantive rights of the parties (such as a change in the paying office or the appropriation data).

(b) Change order. A written order, signed by the CO, directing the Contractor to make a change that FAR Clause 52.243-4 Changes authorizes the CO to order without the Contractor’s consent.

(c) Supplemental agreement. A contract modification that is accomplished by the signature of the CO (unilateral contract modification) or by the signature of the CO and the Contractor (bilateral contract modification).

Contractor — The individual or legal entity contracting with the Government for performance of prescribed work.

Contract Time — The specified time allowed for completion of the contract work.

Crashworthy — A highway feature that has been successfully crash tested under applicable standards defined in MASH, the NCHRP Report 350, Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features, or approved through analysis by FHWA based on similarity to other crashworthy features.

Cross-Section — A vertical section of the ground or structure at right angles to the centerline or baseline of the roadway or other work.

Culvert — A structure, not classified as a bridge, that provides an opening under the roadway.

Day — A calendar day starting and ending at midnight.

Density — Mass per unit volume of material. Specific gravity multiplied by the density of water.

Detour — A temporary rerouting of public traffic onto alternate existing roadways to avoid the work or part of the work.

Dewatering — Lowering and controlling water levels to allow excavation and construction to be performed.

Drawings — Design sheets or fabrication, erection, shop drawing, or construction details submitted to the CO by the Contractor according to FAR Clause 52.236-21 Specifications and Drawings for Construction. Also refers to submissions and submittals.

Federal Land Management Agencies — Federal agencies including, but not limited to, the National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Land Management, and Bureau of Reclamation.

Final Acceptance — The point at which the Government formally accepts the work and relieves the Contractor of further responsibility for the maintenance of the project. This excludes warranties, which remain in effect until they expire. See FAR Clause 52.246-21 Warranty of Construction.

Government — The Government of the United States of America.

Highway, Street, or Road — A general term denoting a public way primarily designed for purposes of multimodal travel.

Lane Mile — An area of pavement 1 mile long and 1 lane wide; not including turn lanes, turnouts, parking area lanes, or other auxiliary lanes.

Lift — When placing and compacting soils, aggregates, or pavement; a lift is a single, continuous layer of material that is uniformly compacted.

Material — Substances specified or necessary to complete the contract work.

Measurement — The process of identifying the dimensions, quantity, or capacity of a pay item. See Section 109 for measurement methods, terms, and definitions.

Neat Line — A line defining the proposed or specified limits of excavation or structure element for purposes of calculating quantities.

Notice to Proceed — Written notice to the Contractor to start the contract work.

Offeror — An individual or legal entity submitting a bid.

Pavement Structure — The combination of subbase, base, paving geotextiles, and surface courses placed on a subgrade to support and distribute the traffic load to the roadbed.

Pay Item — A specific item of work consisting of a unit, quantity, and method of measurement furnished by the Government and a price established by the contract.

Payment Bond — The security executed by the Contractor and surety or sureties and provided to the CO to ensure payments as required by law to persons supplying labor or material according to the contract.

Performance Bond — The security executed by the Contractor and surety or sureties and provided to the CO to guarantee completion of the contract work.

Plans — The contract plans furnished by the Government showing the location, type, dimensions, and details of the work.

Production Certification — See Subsection 106.03.

Professional Engineer — Engineers holding valid state licenses permitting them to offer engineering services directly to the public. Engineers that are experienced in the work for which they are responsible, take legal responsibility for their engineering designs, and are bound by a code of ethics to protect the public health.

Profile Grade — The trace of a vertical plane intersecting a particular surface of the proposed road construction located according to the plans, usually along the longitudinal centerline of the roadbed.

Profile grade means either elevation or gradient of the trace according to the context.

Project — The specific section of the highway or other property on which construction is to be performed under the contract.

Right-of-Way — Real property necessary for the project, including roadway, buffer areas, access, and drainage areas.

Roadbed — The graded portion of a highway prepared as a foundation for the pavement structure and shoulders.

Roadside — The area between the outside shoulder edge and the right-of-way limits. The area between roadways of a divided highway may also be considered roadside.

Roadway — In general, the portion of a highway, including shoulders, primarily for vehicular use. A divided highway has two or more roadways. In construction specifications, the portion of a highway within the construction limits.

Roadway Prism — The area between the original and the final design cross-section.

Roller Pass — One trip of a roller in one direction over one spot.

Shop Drawings — See "Drawings"

Shoulder — A portion of the roadway contiguous with the traveled way that accommodates pedestrians, bicycles, stopped vehicles, and emergency use; and is used for lateral support of the subbase, base, and surface courses.

Sieve — See AASHTO M 92.

Solicitation — The complete assembly of documents (whether attached or incorporated by reference) furnished to prospective bidders.

Special Contract Requirement — An addition or revision to the Standard Specifications applicable to an individual project.

Specifications — The written requirements for performing work.

Standard Form — Numbered form issued by the GSA for use as contract documents.

Standard Specifications — Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects approved for general application and repetitive use. Also referred to as the FP.

Station — A precise location along a survey line.

Structures — Bridges, culverts, catch basins, drop inlets, retaining walls, cribbing, manholes, endwalls, buildings, sewers, service pipes, underdrains, foundation drains, and other constructed features that may be encountered in the work.

Subbase — The lift or lifts of material placed on a subgrade to support a base.

Subcontract — The written agreement between the Contractor and an individual or legal entity setting forth the obligations of the parties for the performance of and payment for a specific portion of the work to be performed by the subcontractor.

Subcontractor — An individual or legal entity with which the Contractor sublets part of the work. This includes subcontractors and material suppliers in all tiers.

Subgrade — The top surface of a roadbed upon which the pavement structure, shoulders, and curbs are constructed.

Substantial Completion — The point at which the project is complete and can be safely and effectively used by the public without further delays, disruption, or other impediments. For conventional bridge and highway work, the point at which bridge deck, parapet, pavement structure, shoulder, drainage, sidewalk, major demolition, roadway obliteration, permanent signing and markings, traffic barrier, safety appurtenance, utility, and lighting work is complete.

Substructure — Components of a bridge below the bearings of simple and continuous spans, skewbacks of arches, and tops of footings of rigid frames including backwalls, wingwalls, and wing protection railings.

Suitable Material — Rock or earth material that will provide stable foundations, embankments, or roadbeds, and is without organic matter, muck, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or other deleterious material.

Suitable material may require drying or adding water, and other methods of manipulation before use.

Suitable material includes the classifications of material for which the project was designed.

Superintendent — The Contractor’s on-site representative who has authority to act for the Contractor and is responsible for directing and supervising construction operations on behalf of the Contractor.

Superstructure — The entire bridge, except the substructure.

Surety — An individual or corporation legally liable for the debt, default, or failure of a Contractor to satisfy a contract obligation.

Surface Course — The top lift or lifts of a pavement structure designed to accommodate the traffic load and resist skidding, traffic abrasion, and weathering.

Target Value — A number established as a center for operating a given process. Once established, adjustments should be made in the process as necessary to maintain a central tendency about the target value. Test results obtained from a well-controlled process should cluster closely around the established target value and the mean of the test results should be equal to, or nearly equal to, the established target value.

Temporary Stormwater Diversion — A temporary rerouting of stormwater runoff in a controlled, non-erosive manner.

Temporary Stream Diversion — A temporary rerouting of water into a temporary channel or through a system of structures within the construction limits to maintain water flow through or around the project.

Temporary Traffic Diversion — A temporary rerouting of public traffic onto a temporary alignment within the construction limits to bypass the work or part of the work.

Traveled Way — The portion of the roadway designated for the movement of vehicles, not including the shoulders.

Unsuitable Material — Material that cannot create stable foundations, embankments, or roadbeds.

Unsuitable material includes muck, sod, and soils with high organic contents.

Well-graded — Graded from coarse to fine with a wide range of particle sizes and substantial amounts of the intermediate particle sizes.

Work — The providing of labor, material, equipment, and other incidentals necessary to complete the project according to the contract.

Section 102

Section 102. — BID, AWARD, AND EXECUTION OF CONTRACT

102.01 Acquisition Regulations. Bid, award, and execution of the contract is governed by the FAR and

TAR.

102.02 Preparation of Bids. Follow the requirements of FAR Provision 52.214-18 Preparation of Bids-Construction.

Insert a numeric unit bid price for each pay item for which a quantity appears in the bid schedule. Multiply the unit bid price by the quantity for each pay item and show the amount bid. If mathematical checks made by the Government show a mistake in the amount bid, the corrected unit price extension governs.

If "LPSM" appears as a unit of measure in the bid schedule, insert an amount bid for each lump sum pay item.

If "CTSM" appears as a unit of measure in the bid schedule, include the Government inserted amount for the pay item in the total bid amount.

Total the amounts bid for each pay item and show the total bid amount.

The quantities listed in the bid schedule are approximate, unless designated as a contract quantity, and are used for the comparison of bids. Payment will be made for the actual quantities of work performed and accepted or material provided according to the contract. The scheduled quantities may be increased, decreased, or deleted. Bid schedule quantities are considered the original contract quantities.

102.03 Bid Guarantee. Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.228-1 Bid Guarantee.

102.04 Individual Surety. Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.228-11 Individual Surety-Pledge of Assets.

Complete and date the SF 28, Affidavit of Individual Surety after the solicitation date. The individual surety shall personally sign the SF 28. Bidders cannot serve as their own surety. See FAR 28.203 Individual Sureties.

After reviewing the SF 28, the CO may request the surety to submit further documentation with respect to its assets, debts, or encumbrances. The information may be required to be provided under oath. Failure of the surety to respond with the requested documentation within 7 days of receipt of the request is cause for rejection of the surety.

Any material misstatement by the surety, overstatement of assets (either as to ownership or value), or understatement of liabilities is cause for rejection of the surety. Substitution of individual sureties to support a bid bond after the bid opening will not be allowed.

Provide documentary evidence as to the ownership and value of the assets pledged in support of the bond and details of the security interest in the assets by the individual sureties for the apparent low bidder within 14 days after the opening of bids. Failure to submit evidence within the time required will be grounds for declaring the surety unacceptable.

Section 102

After reviewing the SF 28 and documentary information on the security interest and the assets pledged, the CO may request the surety to submit further information and documents with respect to the documents submitted. The information may be required to be provided under oath. Failure of the surety to respond with the requested information or documents within 7 days of receipt of the request is cause for rejection of the surety.

102.05 Public Opening of Bids. Bids will be publicly opened at the time specified in the SF 1442, Solicitation, Offer, and Award. All bid openings will be conducted according to FAR Part 14 – Sealed Bidding.

102.06 Performance and Payment Bonds. Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.228-15 Performance and Payment Bonds – Construction.

Use SF 25, Performance Bond and SF 25A, Payment Bond for submitting the bonds.

Follow the requirements of Subsections 102.03 and 102.04.

Submit the documentary evidence for individual sureties at the same time as the Affidavit of Individual Surety and security interest in assets pledged. A Contractor submitting an unacceptable individual surety in satisfaction of a performance or payment bond before the issuance of the NTP will be allowed one opportunity to substitute an acceptable surety or sureties within 7 days of receipt of notification that the surety is unacceptable.

The Government’s right to direct the substitution of sureties to ensure the continuing acceptability of the bonds during the performance of the contract according to FAR Clause 52.228-2 Additional Bond Security is not restricted.

The requirements of this Subsection are in addition to the requirements in FAR 28.203, except where in conflict with the requirements in the FAR, in which case the FAR supersedes the requirements of this Subsection.

Section 103

Section 103. — SCOPE OF WORK

103.01 Intent of Contract. The intent of the contract is to provide for the construction and completion of the work described in the contract documents. The precise details of performing the work are not described, except as considered essential for the successful completion of the work. Provide labor, material, equipment, tools, transportation, and supplies necessary to complete the work according to the contract.

103.02 Disputes. Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.233-1 Disputes (Alternate I).

103.03 Value Engineering. Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.248-3 Value Engineering - Construction.

Before undertaking significant expenditures, submit a written description of the value engineering change proposal (VECP) concept. Within 14 days, the CO will inform the Contractor as to whether the concept appears to be viable or if the concept is unacceptable. If the CO indicates that the concept appears to be viable, then the Contractor can prepare and submit the formal VECP.

103.04 Contractor Records. Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.222-8 Payrolls and Basic Records.

Upon request, provide records related to the contract to the Government for up to 3 years after final payment or for longer periods as provided by law.

Include a provision in subcontracts at all tiers giving the Government the same rights as provided above with respect to the subcontractor’s records.

103.05 Partnering. To facilitate the contract, the CO offers to participate in a partnership with the Contractor. This partnership draws on the strengths of each organization to identify and achieve reciprocal goals. Partnering strives to resolve problems in a timely, professional, and non-adversarial manner. If problems result in disputes, partnering encourages, but does not require, alternative dispute resolution instead of the formal claim process. The objective is effective and efficient contract performance to achieve a quality project within budget and on schedule.

Acceptance of this partnering offer by the Contractor is optional, and the partnership is bilateral.

If the partnering offer is accepted by the Contractor, mutually agree with the CO on the level of organizational involvement and the need for a professional to facilitate the partnering process. Engage the facilitator and other resources for key Contractor representatives and the CO to attend a partnership development and team-building workshop. Hold additional progress meetings upon mutual agreement.

The direct cost of partnering facilities, professional facilitation, copying fees, and other miscellaneous costs directly related to partnering meetings will be shared by the Contractor and Government. Secure and pay for facilities, professional fees, and miscellaneous requirements. Submit invoices to the CO. The Government will reimburse the Contractor for 50 percent of the agreed costs incurred for the partnering process. The Government’s share will not exceed $5,000.

Section 103

Each party is responsible for making and paying for its own travel, lodging, and meal arrangements. No time extension for the completion of the project will be made for the use of partnering. No changes to the contract can result from discussions during partnering sessions.

Section 104

Section 104. — CONTROL OF WORK

104.01 Authority of the Contracting Officer. As stated in FAR 1.602-1(a), the CO has authority to execute, administer, or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. The CO may delegate authority to representatives to decide on acceptability, progress, and suspension of work, interpretation of the contract, and acceptable fulfillment of the contract.

104.02 Authority of Contracting Officer’s Representative. As stated in FAR 1.602-2(d), CORs will be designated in writing by the CO to act on behalf of the CO to administer the contract. The COR will administer the contract according to the contract documents and the FAR. The COR lacks authority to make commitments outside of the terms of the contract; issue changes that affect price, quality, quantity, delivery, or other terms and conditions of the contract; or direct the Contractor or its subcontractor to operate in conflict with the contract terms and conditions.

104.03 Authority of Inspectors. Inspectors are authorized to inspect work, including the preparation, fabrication, or manufacture of material for the project. Inspectors are not authorized to alter or waive contract requirements, issue instruction contrary to the contract, act as foreperson for the Contractor, or direct the Contractor’s operations. Inspectors have the authority to identify non-conforming work until the issue can be referred to and decided by the CO. An inspector is permitted to stop work in circumstances of imminent and substantial risk of death or injury.

104.04 Electronic Documentation. After award of the contract, provide documents in an approved electronic format.

Provide documents in their native file format (the format produced by the software that the document was created in) upon request.

Provide a resolution quality with color, text, and lines clearly discernible. Submit each document in an individual file. Name files with a unique document name that includes the document date, document description, and project number, or as requested.

Deliver electronic documents to the email address identified at the preconstruction conference or otherwise amended in writing by the CO. Documents delivered on removable media will not be accepted.

Documents delivered after 5:00 p.m. local time will be considered received on the following business day.

In addition to electronic documents, provide paper copies of the following documents and other documents as directed:

(a) Documents required under Section 102;

(b) Weight records required under Subsection 109.03;

(c) Receiving records required under Subsection 109.04; and

(d) Concrete batch tickets required under Subsection 552.04.

Provide one paper copy of each document upon request, unless more paper copies are specified.

The CO will reject without review documents that are unreadable, corrupted, illegible, or include malicious content.

104.05 Signatures for Electronic Documentation. Sign documents requiring a signature by electronic signature or by wet signature.

(a) Definitions.

(1) Electronic signature. A computer data compilation of symbols or series of symbols executed, adopted, or authorized by an individual to be the legally binding equivalent of the individual’s handwritten signature.

(2) Wet signature. A signature of ink from pen, or a scanned copy of an actual signature of ink from pen.

(b) Electronic signature. Unless the CO requests a wet signature, an electronic signature may be provided. Assume responsibility for the validity of electronic signatures. The Government will assume that the authorized individual’s electronic signature is authentic.

Provide electronic signatures in the following formats:

(1) A digital signature from an encryption application;

(2) A digitized image of a paper signature; or

(3) A unique form or individual identification that can be used as a means of authenticating a record, record entry, or document.

(c) Wet signature. After signing a document by wet signature, scan the complete document into an electronic format.

104.06 Specifications and Drawings. Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.236-21 Specifications and Drawings for Construction.

(a) General. Submittals include both documents and drawings required to construct the work. Review submittals for accuracy, completeness, and compliance with the contract. Submittals that do not include evidence of Contractor review and verification may be returned for resubmission.

Time for approval starts over when submittals are returned for revision or when additional information is requested. Perform work related to submitted documents or drawings only after they are approved.

Obtain written approval before changing or deviating from the approved submittals.

Submit documents and drawings according to Subsection 104.04.

(1) Drawings. Drawings include:

(a) Layouts that show the relative position (vertical and horizontal as appropriate) of work to be performed;

(b) Fabrication details for manufactured items and assemblies;

(c) Installation and erection procedures;

(d) Details of post-tensioning and other systems;

(e) Detailed trench and excavation procedures that conform to OSHA standards;

(f) Traffic control implementation drawings;

(g) Methods for performing work near existing structures or other areas to be protected; and

(h) Calculations that support each drawing.

Show drawing dimensions in the same units as shown in the plans. Limit drawings to a maximum size of 24 by 36 inches. Include the project number, name, and other identification as shown in the contract on each drawing and calculation sheet.

Drawings will be reviewed in the order they are received. Allow 30 days for approval of drawings and 40 days for approval of railroad structure drawings unless otherwise specified. Submit additional drawings for unique situations to clarify layout, construction details, or method if requested.

(2) Documents other than drawings. Documents other than drawings include descriptive literature, illustrations, schedules, performance and test data, certifications, and similar material submitted to certify or explain specific portions of the work required by the contract. Allow 14 days for approval unless otherwise specified.

(b) Specific requirements for concrete and miscellaneous structures.

(1) Submit drawings for the following:

(a) Site-specific layouts and installation procedures for all wall types;

(b) Site-specific layouts and installation procedures for gabion and revet mattress installations;

(c) Forms and falsework for cast-in-place non-bridge concrete structures and retaining walls less than or equal to 6 feet in height;

(d) Shoring systems and cofferdams less than 6 feet in height;

(e) Fabrication drawings for railings and parapets;

(f) Fabrication drawings for prestressed members;

(g) Fabrication and installation drawings for expansion joint assemblies;

(h) Fabrication drawings for bearing assemblies;

(i) Construction joint location and concrete deck placement sequences not according to the plans;

(j) Erection diagrams for structural plate structures (multi-plate structures);

(k) Steel fabrication and assembly drawings;

(l…