Foa_Content_of_RFA-CE-24-034 (Modification).pdf

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

NATIONAL CENTER FOR INJURY PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Rigorous Evaluation of Policies for their Impacts on the Primary Prevention of Multiple Forms of Violence

RFA-CE-24-034

12/01/2023

Table of Contents Section I. Funding Opportunity Description

Section II. Award Information

Section III. Eligibility Information

Section IV. Application and Submission Information

Section V. Application Review Information

Section VI. Award Administration Information

Section VII. Agency Contacts

Section VIII. Other Information

Overview Participating Organization(s) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Components of Participating Organizations Components of Participating Organizations:

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) Title Rigorous Evaluation of Policies for their Impacts on the Primary Prevention of Multiple Forms of Violence Activity Code Research Grant

Notice of Funding Opportunity Type Reissue of CE-21-001 Agency Notice of Funding Opportunity Number

RFA-CE-24-034

Assistance Listings Number(s) 93.136 Category of Funding Activity HL - Health NOFO Purpose The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) is soliciting research proposals to expand the evidence base for policy approaches for the primary prevention of multiple forms of violence experienced by children, youth, and adults. Policies that promote the social and economic well-being of populations and address community characteristics associated with violence have the potential to not only reduce rates of multiple forms of violence, including the five forms that are the focus of this announcement: child abuse and neglect, youth violence, community violence, intimate partner violence (including teen dating violence), and sexual violence, but also impact health equity. To advance CDC’s commitment to achieving health equity, the intent is to support applications that investigate policies that address social and structural conditions to reduce the disproportionate burden of violence experienced by some groups and communities. Applications should empirically examine the health equity implications of selected policies on population(s) disproportionately impacted by violence.

Amendment 1: Update the maximum total project funding per award over the project period.

Amendment 2: Update PI/Co-PI requirements under Responsiveness section to indicate documentation of expertise in the area of violence prevention.

Key Dates Publication Date:

To receive notification of any changes to RFA-CE-24-034, return to the synopsis page of this announcement at www.grants.gov and click on the "Send Me Change Notification Emails" link.

An email address is needed for this service.

Letter of Intent Due Date:

11/01/2023 Although a letter of intent is not required, is not binding, and does not enter into the review of an application, the information that it contains assists NCIPC with planning for scientific and technical merit peer review.

Application Due Date:

12/01/2023 12/01/2023

On-time submission requires that electronic applications be error-free and made available to CDC for processing from the NIH eRA system on or before the deadline date. Applications must be submitted to and validated successfully by Grants.gov no later than 11:59 PM U.S. Eastern Time.

Applicants will use a system or platform to submit their applications through Grants.gov and eRA Commons to CDC. ASSIST, an institutional system to system (S2S) solution, or Grants.gov Workspace are options. ASSIST is a commonly used platform because it provides a validation of all requirements prior to submission and prevents errors.

For more information on accessing or using ASSIST, you can refer to the ASSIST Online Help Site at: https://era.nih.gov/erahelp/assist. Additional support is available from the NIH eRA Service desk via http://grants.nih.gov/support/index.html.

• E-mail: commons@od.nih.gov

• Phone: 301-402-7469 or (toll-free) 1-866-504-9552

• Hours: Monday - Friday, 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. Eastern Time, excluding Federal holidays

Note: HHS/CDC grant submission procedures do not provide a grace period beyond the application due date time to correct any error or warning notices of noncompliance with https://www.grants.gov/ http://grants.nih.gov/support/index.html mailto:commons@od.nih.gov application instructions that are identified by Grants.gov or eRA systems (i.e., error correction window).

Scientific Merit Review:

03/24/2024 This is an estimated date.

Secondary Review:

05/01/2024 This is an estimated date.

Estimated Start Date:

09/30/2024 This is an estimated date.

Expiration Date:

06/01/2024 Required Application Instructions It is critical that applicants follow the instructions in the How to Apply - Application Guide except where instructed to do otherwise in this NOFO. Conformance to all requirements (both in the Application Guide and the NOFO) is required and strictly enforced. Applicants must read and follow all application instructions in the Application Guide as well as any program-specific instructions noted in Section IV. When the program-specific instructions deviate from those in the Application Guide, follow the program-specific instructions.

Note:The Research Strategy component of the Research Plan is limited to 12 pages.

Page Limitations: Pages that exceed the page limits described in this NOFO will be removed and not forwarded for peer review, potentially affecting an application's score.

Applications that do not comply with these instructions may be delayed or may not be accepted for review.

Telecommunications for the Hearing Impaired: TTY 1-888-232-6348

Executive Summary The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) is soliciting research proposals to expand the evidence base for policy approaches for the primary prevention of multiple forms of violence experienced by children, youth, and adults. Policies that promote the social and economic well-being of populations and address community characteristics associated with violence have the potential to not only reduce rates of multiple forms of violence, including the five forms that are the focus of this announcement: child abuse and neglect, youth violence, community violence, intimate partner violence (including teen dating violence), and sexual violence, but also impact health equity. To advance CDC’s commitment to achieving health equity, the intent is to support applications that investigate policies that address social and structural conditions to reduce the disproportionate burden of violence experienced by some groups and communities. Applications should empirically examine the health equity implications of selected policies on population(s) disproportionately impacted by violence.

https://grants.nih.gov/grants/how-to-apply-application-guide.html

Mechanism of Support: The funding mechanism for this Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) will be a cooperative agreement (U-01).

Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards: CDC/NCIPC intends to commit up to $700,000 in FY 2023 to fund up to two (2) applications. Awards issued under this NOFO are contingent upon availability of funds and a sufficient number of meritorious applications.

Budget and Project Period: The maximum award amount will be $350,000 per award for the first 12-month budget period. This includes both direct and indirect costs.

Applicants may request a project period of up to three (3) years. The maximum total project funding is $1,050,000 (direct and indirect) per award, over the project period. The project period is expected to be 09/30/2024 to 09/29/2027. The total award will depend upon the project quality, duration, and cost proposed.

Application Research Strategy Length: Page limits for the Research Strategy are clearly specified in Section IV. Application and Submission Information of this announcement.

Eligible Institutions/Organizations: Institutions/organizations listed in Section III. Eligibility Information 1. Eligible Applicants are eligible to apply.

Eligible Project Directors/Principal Investigators (PDs/PIs): CDC does not make awards to individuals directly. Individuals with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research are invited to work with their institution/organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply.

Applications in which the contact Eligible PD/PI meets NIH Early Stage Investigator (ESI) status, as verified via the NIH Determination of Investigator Status process, and whose application has a meritorious peer review score, may be considered for prioritization during the second level of review (see Section V. Application Review Information 4. Review and Selection Process). For the contact PD/PI Determination of Investigator Status:

Prior to application submission, PD/PIs are encouraged to verify and/or enter the date of their terminal research degree or the end date of their post-graduate clinical training in their eRA Commons Profile to ensure the correct identification. NIH systems will automatically calculate the status of each investigator and display it within their eRA Commons personal profile. The ESI status of the PD/PIs on any R01 or R01 equivalent application will be flagged at time of submission. Investigators should make sure their status is correctly marked in their profile. If your status is incorrect, please contact the NIH eRA Service Desk.

Number of PDs/PIs: An application may name more than one PD/PI; their names must appear on the face page of the application. However:

• One (1) principal investigator must be designated as the contact PD/PI for all correspondence related to the application.

https://grants.nih.gov/policy/early-investigators/index.htm https://grants.nih.gov/policy/early-investigators/index.htm#dis https://grants.nih.gov/support/index.html

• All PD/PIs must include their eRA Commons Identification in the Credential Field of the Senior/Key Person Profile Component of the SF-424 (R&R) Application Package.

• Institutions/organizations proposing multiple PDs/PIs must visit the Multiple Program Director/Principal Investigator Policy and submission details in the Senior/Key Person Profile (Expanded) Component of the SF-424 (R&R) Application Guide.

Number of Applications: Eligible applicant organizations may submit more than one application to this NOFO, provided that each application is scientifically distinct. However, applicant institutions can submit only one application with the same contact PD/PI. Only one application per contact PD/PI will be funded under this announcement. If two or more applications from the same contact PD/PI are received for this NOFO, the only application that will be submitted for review will be the last application received based on the document’s time and date stamp in Grants.gov (https://www.grants.gov). The applicant must ensure that duplicate applications are withdrawn prior to the application review date.

Additionally, applicant institutions submitting applications with essentially the same proposed research to two or more CDC/ATSDR NOFOs will not be funded under more than one NOFO.

Application Type: NEW

Special Date(s) A pre-application teleconference call will be conducted on October 30, 2023, to address questions from prospective applicants regarding NOFO RFA-CE-24-034. The call will begin at 2:00PM Eastern Standard Time (EST) and end at 3:00PM Eastern Standard Time (EST), or sooner if all questions are addressed. Questions and answers from the discussion will be included in an amended NOFO approximately 3 weeks after the call.

Participant Access Information:

• Call Date: October 30, 2023

• Call Start Time: 2:00PM Eastern Standard Time (EST)

• Call End Time: 3:00PM Eastern Standard Time (EST)

• Call Leader: Candis Hunter, Scientific Program Official

• Toll-Free Number: 1-866-600-6035

• Use Passcode 23198543# when prompted

Section I. Funding Opportunity Description Statutory Authority Section 301 (a) [42 U.S.C. 241(a)] of the Public Health Service Act, and Section 391 (a) [42 U.S.C. 280 b (a)] of the Public Health Service Act, as amended.

1. Background and Purpose Background

Violence is a significant public health problem in the United States and disproportionately impacts some groups and communities (e.g., racial/ethnic minority persons, people with disabilities, tribal populations, sexual and gender minority persons) due in part to differences in social and structural conditions that affect health and safety. In 2020, approximately 1.4 million non-fatal assault-related injuries occurred in the United States, and in 2021, and in 2021 an estimated 26,031 homicides occurred in the United States (CDC, 2023). Research shows high lifetime burden of violence in the United States: approximately 47.3% of women and 44.2% of men have experienced contact sexual violence, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime (Leemis et al., 2022). While violence affects all communities, some communities are at disproportionate risk for multiple forms of violence. For example, counties with the highest poverty rates, including high unemployment and mortgage foreclosure rates, have increased risks of firearm homicides and incidence of child abuse and neglect, respectively (Kegler et al., 2022; Frioux, Wood, Fakeye, Luan, Localio, & Rubin, 2014); individuals with disabilities experience higher rates of intimate partner violence, sexual violence, and child victimization compared to people without disabilities (e.g., Basile et al., 2016, Breiding & Amour, 2015, Jones et al., 2012); and American Indian/Alaska Native and non-Hispanic Black persons are more likely to experience four or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) compared to non-Hispanic White persons (Merrick et al., 2019) as well as higher rates of firearm homicide (Kegler et al., 2022).

Violence is linked to poor mental and physical health and has adverse impacts on educational attainment and employment (Arseneault at al., 2006; Felitti et al., 1998; Fowler et al., 2009;

Gilbert et al., 2015; Hillis et al., 2016; Jennings et al., 2012; Menard et al., 2002; Metzler et al., 2016; Shonkoff et al., 2016). Violence can also erode the sense of safety and security essential to the well-being of families and disrupt social services (Mercy et al., 2002). The economic burden of violence is substantial, costing the United States billions of dollars each year in medical, criminal justice, and other costs (CDC, 2020; Peterson, et al., 2018a; Peterson et al., 2018b;

Peterson et al., 2017).

Using a public health approach, NCIPC is committed to supporting research that rigorously evaluates prevention strategies to reduce the burden of violence and inequities across groups.

The social and structural conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age can be shaped by the distribution of resources, which is influenced in part by policies. Social and structural determinants (e.g., concentrated poverty, structural racism, high rates of unemployment, limited access to high-quality education and /or affordable, high-quality child care) contribute to health inequities, including differences in health status seen across population groups (Solar & Irwin, 2010; Yearby, 2020). Multiple forms of violence share risk and protective factors that accumulate throughout childhood and adolescence and into adulthood (CDC, 2016;

Wilkins et al., 2014). Despite the known interconnections among different forms of violence, and relevance of social and structural conditions that can contribute to violence, more research is needed to identify prevention strategies that address common underlying factors and have cross-cutting impacts on reducing multiple forms of violence.

Policy interventions that address social determinants of health have the potential to reach a large number of people and make substantial improvements to population health and reduce inequities (Frieden, 2010; Lorenc et al., 2013). Social and structural conditions and the risk for violence can be affected by federal, state, local, tribal, or organizational policies. Policy is defined as a law, regulation, procedure, administrative action, incentive, or voluntary practice of governments and other institutions (see http://www.cdc.gov/stltpublichealth/policy). Rather than policies that target characteristics of individuals or individual behaviors (e.g., social-emotional learning, http://www.cdc.gov/stltpublichealth/policy increasing severity of punishment for alcohol offenses), social and structural policies focus on contextual or environmental factors that promote population health and well-being (e.g., laws around where alcohol can be sold or advertised) as fundamental drivers of public health problems such as violence (Blankenship et al. 2006; Link & Phelan, 1995; Hoffman, 2009)).

Rigorous policy evaluation gauges whether changes in outcomes of interest can be attributed to a policy and builds the evidence base for the effectiveness of policy approaches. Information on using evaluation to inform CDC’s policy process can be found on the CDC website (https://www.cdc.gov/policy/analysis/process/docs/UsingEvaluationtoInformCDC'sPolicyProces s.pdf ).

Purpose

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) is soliciting research proposals to expand the evidence base for policy approaches for the primary prevention of multiple forms of violence experienced by children, youth, and adults. Policies that promote the social and economic well-being of populations and address community characteristics associated with violence have the potential to not only reduce rates of multiple forms of violence, including the five forms that are the focus of this announcement: child abuse and neglect, youth violence, community violence, intimate partner violence (including teen dating violence), and sexual violence, but also impact health equity. To advance CDC’s commitment to achieving health equity, the intent is to support applications that investigate policies that address social and structural conditions to reduce the disproportionate burden of violence experienced by some groups and communities. Applications should empirically examine the health equity implications of selected policies on population(s) disproportionately impacted by violence.

Healthy People 2030 and other National Strategic Priorities NCIPC is committed to achieving the health promotion and disease prevention objectives of "Healthy People 2030."This funding announcement addresses the "Healthy People 2030" focus areas of injury and violence prevention. Specific Healthy People core objectives addressed in this NOFO include:

• Reduce intimate partner violence-IVP-D04

• Reduce contact sexual violence- IVP-D05

• Reduce homicides –IVP-09

• Reduce nonfatal physical assault injuries – IVP-10

• Reduce physical fighting among adolescents – IVP-11

• Reduce gun carrying by adolescents – IVP-12

• Reduce firearm-related deaths – IVP-13

• Reduce nonfatal firearm-related injuries – IVP-14

• Reduce child abuse and neglect deaths - IVP-15

• Reduce nonfatal child abuse and neglect - IVP-16

• Reduce adolescent sexual violence by anyone – IVP-17

• Reduce rate of minors and young adults committing violent crimes – AH-10

• Reduce the rate of adolescent and young adult victimization from violent crimes – AH-

R11

• Reduce work-related assaults- OSH-05 https://www.cdc.gov/policy/analysis/process/docs/UsingEvaluationtoInformCDC'sPolicyProcess.pdf https://www.cdc.gov/policy/analysis/process/docs/UsingEvaluationtoInformCDC'sPolicyProcess.pdf https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/violence-prevention/reduce-intimate-partner-violence-ivp-d04 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/violence-prevention/reduce-contact-sexual-violence-ivp-d05 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/violence-prevention/reduce-homicides-ivp-09 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/violence-prevention/reduce-nonfatal-physical-assault-injuries-ivp-10 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/violence-prevention/reduce-physical-fighting-among-adolescents-ivp-11 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/violence-prevention/reduce-gun-carrying-among-adolescents-ivp-12 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/violence-prevention/reduce-firearm-related-deaths-ivp-13 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/violence-prevention/reduce-nonfatal-firearm-related-injuries-ivp-14 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/violence-prevention/reduce-child-abuse-and-neglect-deaths-ivp-15 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/violence-prevention/reduce-nonfatal-child-abuse-and-neglect-ivp-16 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/violence-prevention/reduce-adolescent-sexual-violence-anyone-ivp-17 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/adolescents/reduce-rate-minors-and-young-adults-committing-violent-crimes-ah-10 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/adolescents/reduce-rate-adolescent-and-young-adult-victimization-violent-crimes-ah-r11 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/adolescents/reduce-rate-adolescent-and-young-adult-victimization-violent-crimes-ah-r11 https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/workplace/reduce-work-related-assaults-osh-05

This NOFO is aligned with CDC Injury Center’s research priorities to evaluate the effectiveness of policies or community-level change strategies designed to enhance the economic and social environment to reduce multiple forms of violence and ACEs throughout the lifespan. For additional information about the CDC injury research priorities, see https://www.cdc.gov/injury/researchpriorities/index.html.

This funding announcement supports CDC CORE Health Equity Goals to embed health equity principles in the design, implementation, and evaluation of its research, data, surveillance, and intervention strategies. For more information about CDC CORE Health Equity Goals, see https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/core/index.html.

Public Health Impact The proposed research is expected to expand the evidence base for the effectiveness of federal, state, local, tribal, and/or organizational policies on the primary prevention of multiple forms of violence and the reduction in inequities in rates of violence across population groups. Policy approaches which address the social and structural conditions contributing to violence related inequities have the potential to reach many individuals and may have cross-cutting, population-level impacts on inequities in multiple forms of violence affecting children, youth, and adults.

The primary prevention of violence and addressing inequities in violence risk are critical to the health and prosperity of the United States.

Relevant Work NCIPC is the nation’s leading public health authority on violence and injury prevention. CDC’s approach involves three elements: a focus on prevention, a science-driven approach to identify risk and patterns, and multidisciplinary collaboration to address the problem and keep people safe, healthy, and productive. NCIPC’s Division of Violence Prevention has prevention resources for action or technical packages to help states and communities take advantage of the best available evidence to prevent violence and ACEs (https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/communicationresources/pub/technical-packages.html).

The strategies and approaches in the violence prevention resources or technical packages represent different levels of the social ecology with efforts intended to impact individual behaviors as well as the relationship, family, school, community, and societal factors that influence risk and protective factors for violence. NCIPC’s research priorities (https://www.cdc.gov/injury/researchpriorities/index.html) and the Division of Violence (DVP) Prevention’s Strategic Vision (https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/Strategic_Vision.pdf) support the need for evaluating the effectiveness of prevention strategies that lack rigorous evaluation research. In addition, NCIPC's research priorities and DVP's Strategic Vision highlight the need to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of approaches across all levels of the social ecology and to expand evidence for population(s) that experience a disproportionate burden of violence.

Prior CDC NOFOs that have supported rigorous evaluations of policies for their impacts on multiple forms of violence include:

• RFA-CE-18-002 (Evaluation of Policies for the Primary Prevention of Multiple Forms of Violence) - https://www.grants.gov/web/grants/view-opportunity.html?oppId=297311 https://www.cdc.gov/injury/researchpriorities/index.html https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/core/index.html https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/communicationresources/pub/technical-packages.html https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/communicationresources/pub/technical-packages.html https://www.cdc.gov/injury/researchpriorities/index.html https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/Strategic_Vision.pdf https://www.grants.gov/web/grants/view-opportunity.html?oppId=297311

• RFA-CE-21-001 (Rigorous Evaluation of Policies for their Impacts on the Primary Prevention of Multiple Forms of Violence) - https://www.grants.gov/web/grants/view-opportunity.html?oppId=329352

Examples of previously-funded policy evaluation research and descriptions of violence prevention initiatives that address multiple forms of violence are available on NCIPC’s website:

http://www.cdc.gov/injury/ https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/publichealthissue/fundedprograms/research-awards.html.

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2. Approach The objective of this research funding opportunity is to support rigorous evaluations of previously or currently implemented federal, state, local, tribal and/or organizational policies that address social and/or structural conditions for their effectiveness in the primary prevention of multiple forms of violence and to reduce inequities in rates of violence affecting specific populations of children, youth, and adults in the United States. The proposed research must evaluate the impact of at least one selected policy on measures of at least two of these five forms of violence: child abuse and neglect, youth violence, community violence, intimate partner violence (including teen dating violence), and sexual violence. Applications that do not propose to evaluate the impact of at least one selected policy on measures of at least two of these five forms of violence: child abuse and neglect, youth violence, community violence, intimate partner violence (including teen dating violence), and sexual violence do not meet the scientific intent of this NOFO. These applications will not be recommended for funding consideration during the NCIPC second level review (see Section V. Application Review Information).

Applications that propose to examine only violence prevalence/incidence, inequities, cost-effectiveness, or other research questions without also measuring the policy impact on at least two different forms of violence do not meet the scientific intent of this NOFO. These applications will not be recommended for funding consideration during the NCIPC second level review (see Section V. Application Review Information).

Applications should empirically examine the health equity implications of selected policies on population(s) disproportionately impacted by violence. Applications that do not propose to evaluate previously or currently implemented federal, state, local, tribal and/or organizational policies that address social and/or structural conditions for their effectiveness in the primary prevention of multiple forms of violence, as evidenced in the Research Strategy section of the application’s research plan, will be considered nonresponsive and will not be forwarded for peer review.

The results of the policy evaluations funded by this opportunity are expected to expand the existing evidence base for the primary prevention of violence and the reduction of inequities in rates of violence. To support comprehensive prevention efforts, policies that seek to reduce inequities (e.g., child development accounts, conditional cash transfer programs, child tax credit) are strongly encouraged. Policy approaches that have already been rigorously evaluated for their impact on violence outcomes must demonstrate how the proposed research would expand the https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/connecting_the_dots-a.pdf https://www.naccho.org/uploads/downloadable-resources/Programs/Public-Health-Infrastructure/KelloggLogicModelGuide_161122_162808.pdf https://www.naccho.org/uploads/downloadable-resources/Programs/Public-Health-Infrastructure/KelloggLogicModelGuide_161122_162808.pdf evidence base (e.g., additional violence outcomes or inequities, innovative methodology, multi-policy analysis) that aligns with the intent of this NOFO.

Policy Selection: The application must clearly describe the policy to be evaluated, how the policy impacts the social or structural conditions, what has been learned from previous research, and how the proposed rigorous evaluation will contribute to the evidence-base. In addition, it will be critical to describe methods for empirically studying populations disproportionately impacted by violence and the policy implications for improving equity. The proposed evaluation may build upon a previous non-rigorous evaluation in order to extend the evidence base for the policy’s impact on multiple forms of violence. Applicants are encouraged to propose evaluations of previously or currently implemented policies with promising or undetermined evidence of impacts on multiple forms of violence and policies that are designed to reduce inequities.

Promising policies include those with evidence for impacts on risk and protective factors common to multiple forms of violence but have not yet been rigorously evaluated for the primary prevention of violence outcomes (e.g., Basile et al., 2016; David-Ferdon et al., 2016; Fortson et al., 2016; Niolon et al., 2017). Policy strategies that have not been evaluated or have not been rigorously evaluated with an experimental or quasi-experimental design are considered to have undetermined effectiveness (Puddy & Wilkins, 2011).

This NOFO is not intended to support new policy implementation. The policy selected for evaluation must have been implemented prior to the proposed period of evaluation (though it may or may not be ongoing). Applications proposing to rigorously evaluate policies that have not been enacted and implemented at the time the application is submitted, as evidenced by lack of inclusion of the dates of the enactment and implementation of the policy in the Research Strategy section of the application's research plan, will not be recommended for funding consideration during the NCIPC second level review (see Section V. Application Review Information).

Applications proposing to engage in advocacy efforts designed to enact laws, regulations, administrative actions, or incentives will not be recommended for funding consideration during the NCIPC second level review (see Section V. Application Review Information).

Additional information about anti-lobbying restrictions for CDC recipients is available at:

https://www.cdc.gov/grants/additional-requirements/ar-12.html.

CDC’s prevention resources for action or technical packages to prevent child abuse and neglect, youth violence, community violence, intimate partner violence, and sexual violence present examples of promising policies, many of which have demonstrated impacts on risk and protective factors for violence but have not yet been evaluated for their impact on the primary prevention of multiple violence outcomes (see:

https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/communicationresources/pub/technical-packages.html#technicalPackages and https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/communityviolence/prevention.html). Risk factors include, but are not limited to, income inequality, neighborhood poverty, diminished economic or employment opportunities, and poor neighborhood cohesion. Protective factors include, but are not limited to, community connectedness, coordination of resources and services among community agencies, and economic security for individuals and families. For more information on shared risk and protective factors for violence see:

https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/connecting_the_dots-a.pdf. Applicants may https://www.cdc.gov/grants/additional-requirements/ar-12.html https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/communicationresources/pub/technical-packages.html#technicalPackages https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/communicationresources/pub/technical-packages.html#technicalPackages https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/communityviolence/prevention.html https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/connecting_the_dots-a.pdf propose evaluations of previously or currently implemented policy strategies that do not yet have evidence of impact on risk and protective factors or on violence outcomes, or that have demonstrated impacts on risk and protective factors for violence but not on violence outcomes.

Examples of policies that fall into broad approaches aligned with CDC’s prevention resources for action, or technical packages, are the following--- universal basic income programs, public assistance reform in childcare, policies that strengthen work-family supports, land use and zoning, and policies that improve economic and/or social opportunity for youth and young adults. This list is not exhaustive and is intended to serve as examples of policies. Applicants may propose to evaluate policies not listed. These policies have the potential to prevent multiple forms of violence, regardless of whether they were originally designed to prevent or reduce violence. Some policies have evidence that they prevent and reduce one form of violence;

however, additional rigorous evaluation is needed to ascertain whether the policies have cross-cutting effectiveness in the primary prevention of multiple forms of violence. The intent of this NOFO is to support rigorous evaluation of policies that address social and structural conditions to prevent multiple forms of violence and reduce inequities in rates of violence across population subgroups.

Considerations for Policy Selection: Proposals should help expand and advance the understanding of policies that impact multiple forms of violence and that have not yet been rigorously evaluated. Recent investments in rigorous policy evaluation by CDC are advancing what is known about how policies can prevent violence (e.g., Assini-Meytin et al., 2023; Dalve et al., 2022; Edmonds et al., 2022; Klevens at al., 2017; Kovski et al., 2022; Letourneau et al., 2022; McGinty et al., 2022; Moe et al., 2020; Moe et al., 2022; Rostad et al., 2020(a); Rostad et al., 2020(b); also see:

https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/publichealthissue/fundedprograms/research-awards.html). Examples of policies and other interventions that have been or are currently being rigorously evaluated for preventing violence outcomes include, but are not limited to, Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC); Medicaid expansion; Permit to Purchase policies; Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; Women, Infants, and Children; Unemployment Insurance;

bystander intervention strategies; business improvement districts; Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) and greening. Applications proposing to evaluate such policies must describe how the proposed research is innovative and advances what is already known, including but not limited to a rigorous examination of health equity implications.

As a public health agency, CDC focuses on public health responses to violence prevention.

While public health agencies may collaborate with…