UFC_3_535_01.pdf

UFC 3-535-01

17 November 2005

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

VISUAL AIR NAVIGATION FACILITIES

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

VISUAL AIR NAVIGATION FACILITIES

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.

Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY (Preparing Activity)

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location

This UFC supersedes AFJMAN 32-1076, 1 December 1997, and Army TM 5-811-5, 13 December 1991.

The format of this document does not conform to UFC 1-300-01.

FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.)

Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the more stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request (CCR). The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source:

• Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current electronic version prior to use to ensure that they are current.

AUTHORIZED BY:

DONALD L. BASHAM, P.E.

Chief, Engineering and Construction U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

DR. JAMES W WRIGHT, P.E.

Chief Engineer Naval Facilities Engineering Command

KATHLEEN I. FERGUSON, P.E.

The Deputy Civil Engineer DCS/Installations & Logistics Department of the Air Force

Dr. GET W. MOY, P.E.

Director, Installations Requirements and Management Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations and Environment) http://dod.wbdg.org www.wbdg.org/pdfs/ufc_implementation.pdf http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_cat.php?o=29&c=4

REVISION SUMMARY SHEET

Subject: UFC 3-535-01, Visual Air Navigation Systems Superseded: AFJMAN 32-1076 and Army TM 5-811-5

Description of Changes: This revision creates a new document from AFJMAN 32-1076, 1 December 1997, and Army TM5-811-5, 13 December 1991. It no longer authorizes the installation of VASI or PLASI systems, but permits continued use at some existing facilities. It realigns lighting for temporary displaced thresholds with FAA guidance (paragraph 4.5.3);

expands lighting for helipads (Chapter 7); adds hospital helipad lighting and a glide slope indicator (CHAPI) for helipads (paragraph 7.6); expands photometric curves and criteria in each applicable section (Chapters 3, 4, and 15); adds figures of typical FAA equipment used in most systems with cross-reference to the application section where they are used (Chapter 13); adds compliance checks for applicability to NATO STANAGs and ASCC Air Standards for each system (Chapters 3 through 11); adds an air facility equipment inspection and testing chapter containing guidelines and checklists for testing and inspection of new systems prior to service (Chapter 14); and adds a chapter containing the characteristics of airfield ground lighting, including power, control, and monitoring (Chapter 15).

Reasons for Changes:

• Combine Army and Air Force criteria into one document.

• Remove the option to install VASI and PLASI systems.

• Provide more complete information on displaced threshold requirements, helipad lighting, and typical equipment.

• Provide information on testing and inspection of systems prior to service and information on the characteristics of an airfield lighting system

Impact: There are negligible cost impacts. However, the following benefit should be realized.

• Designers will have a better understanding of the design requirements.

i

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO STANDARDS AND CRITERIA

1-1 Purpose and Scope 1-2 Summary of Changes 1-3 Purpose of Chapter 1-4 Background 1-5 Application 1-6 FAA Standards 1-7 International Military Standards 1-8 Base Rights Agreements 1-9 Visual and Electronic Aids 1-10 Air Force Waivers of Requirement 1-11 US Army Waiver Processing Procedures 1-12 Metrication of Dimensions 1-13 Photometric Basis 1-14 Existing Facilities 1-15 Document Organization

CHAPTER 2: APPLICATION CRITERIA

2-1 Purpose of Chapter 2-2 Relation to Electronic Facilities 2-3 Application of Requirements 2-4 Matrix of Requirements 2-5 Reference Documents

CHAPTER 3: STANDARDS FOR LIGHTED APPROACH AIDS

3-1 Approach Light System with Sequenced Flashing Lights, (ALSF-1) 3-2 Approach Light System With Sequenced Flashing Lights, (ALSF-2) 3-3 Short Approach Lighting System (SALS) 3-4 Simplified Short Approach Lighting System with Runway Alignment Indicator

Lights (SSALR):

3-5 Medium Intensity Approach Light System with Runway Alignment Indicator

Lights (MALSR) 3-6 Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL) 3-7 Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) System

CHAPTER 4: STANDARDS FOR RUNWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

4-1 General Description 4-2 High Intensity Runway Edge Lights (HIRL) 4-3 Medium Intensity Runway Edge Lights (MIRL) 4-4 Threshold Lights 4-5 Lighting with Displaced Thresholds 4-6 Runway End Lights ii

4-7 Runway Centerline Lights (RCL) 4-8 Touchdown Zone Lights (TDZL)

CHAPTER 5: STANDARDS FOR TAXIWAY LIGHTING

5-1 Taxiway Edge Lighting 5-2 Taxiway Centerline Lights 5-3 Runway Exit Lights 5-4 Taxiway Clearance Bars 5-5 Runway Guard Lights (RGLs)

CHAPTER 6: STANDARDS FOR OBSTRUCTION LIGHTING

6-1 Purpose 6-2 Objects to be Lighted 6-3 Lighting Configuration 6-4 Lighting Versus Day Marking 6-5 Waivers 6-6 Equipment 6-7 Power Requirements 6-8 Control Requirements 6-9 Monitoring Requirements 6-10 Compliance with International Standards

CHAPTER 7: STANDARDS FOR LIGHTING HELIPADS

7-1 General Description 7-2 Helipad Perimeter Lights 7-3 Helipad VFR Landing Direction and Approach Lights 7-4 Refueling Area Lights 7-5 Helipad Floodlights 7-6 Helipad Approach Slope Indicator 7-7 Helipad/Heliport Identification Beacon 7-8 Helipad Wind Direction Indicators 7-9 Photometric Requirements 7-10 Power Requirements 7-11 Control Requirements 7-12 Monitoring Requirements 7-13 Compliance with International Standards 7-14 Equipment

CHAPTER 8: STANDARDS FOR LIGHTING HELIPORTS

8-1 General Description 8-2 Heliport Lights 8-3 Rotary Wing Landing Lanes 8-4 Refueling Area Lights 8-5 Hoverlane Lighting Systems 8-6 Lighting Equipment iii

8-7 Power Requirements 8-8 Control Requirements 8-9 Monitoring Requirements 8-10 Compliance with International Standards 8-11 Equipment

CHAPTER 9: STANDARDS FOR AIRFIELD SIGNS AND MARKERS

9-1 General 9-2 Mandatory Signs 9-3 Taxiway Guidance and Information Signs 9-4 Location Signs 9-5 Signing Conventions for Airfield Signs 9-6 Runway Distance Marker 9-7 Arresting Gear Marker 9-8 Other Signs 9-9 Compliance with International Standards

CHAPTER 10: MISCELLANEOUS LIGHTED VISUAL AIDS

10-1 Airport Beacons 10-2 Wind Indicators (Cones) 10-3 Runway and Taxiway Retro-reflective Markers 10-4 Other Auxiliary Lights

CHAPTER 11: PORTABLE EMERGENCY LIGHTING

11-1 General Requirements 11-2 Runway Lighting 11-3 Taxiway Edge Lighting 11-4 Helipad Lighting 11-5 Fixtures 11-6 Controls 11-7 Compliance With International Military Standards 11-8 Contingency Airfield Night Lighting System (CANLS)

CHAPTER 12: DESIGN AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES

12-1 Special Air Force Requirements 12-2 Additional Guidance 12-3 Siting PAPI 12-4 Pulling Cable Into Duct 12-5 Ice Damage Prevention

CHAPTER 13: QUALIFYING EQUIPMENT

13-1 General Equipment Requirements 13-2 Existing Facilities 13-3 Equipment Specifications iv

13-4 Qualified Products 13-5 Commercial Equipment 13-6 Alternative Equipment 13-7 Emergency Substitution 13-8 Common Use Airfield Lighting Equipment 13-9 Equipment for Approach Light Systems 13-10 Equipment for Runway Lighting Systems 13-11 Equipment for Taxiway Lighting Systems 13-12 Miscellaneous Lighting Systems 13-13 Obstruction Lighting Equipment 13-14 Helipad Lighting Equipment 13-15 Specification Availability 13-16 Considerations For Additional Equipment Requirements

CHAPTER 14: AIR FACILITY EQUIPMENT INSPECTION AND TESTING

14-1 Contractual Acceptance Tests 14-2 Guarantee Period 14-3 Visual Examination 14-4 Cable, Connector, and Isolation Transformer Inspection 14-5 Cable Electrical Tests 14-6 Constant Current Regulator Inspection 14-7 Regulator Electrical Tests 14-8 Lighting Fixture Inspection 14-9 System Miscellaneous Components Inspection 14-10 System Operation 14-11 Additional Guidance

CHAPTER 15: CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRFIELD GROUND LIGHTING

15-1 General 15-2 Power 15-3 Control and Monitoring Systems 15-4 Constant Current Series Circuits 15-5 Constant Current Regulators 15-6 Sizing the Regulator When REIL are Connected to the Circuit 15-7 Cable 15-8 Transformers 15-9 Lamps 15-10 Parallel Circuits 15-11 Current and Voltage on Series Circuits 15-12 Selection of 6.6 versus 20 Amperes System 15-13 Considerations for Circuit Design 15-14 Circuit Configuration 15-15 Parallel Circuits 15-16 Photometric Characteristics of Light Fixtures

GLOSSARY

v

APPENDIX A: REFERENCES

FIGURES

Figure 3-1. ALSF-1 Configuration Figure 3-2. Approach Lighting Photometrics Figure 3-3. Light Plane Elevation Limits Figure 3-4. Block Diagram-Approach Lighting, ALSF-1 Figure 3-5. ALSF-2 Configuration Figure 3-6. Block Diagram-Approach Lighting, ALSF-2 Figure 3-7. SALS Configuration Figure 3-8. SSALR Configuration Figure 3-9. MALSR Configuration Figure 3-10. Light Plane Elevation Limits Figure 3-11. REIL Configuration Figure 3-12. PAPI Configuration Figure 3-13. PAPI Photometric Requirements Figure 3-14. PAPI Aiming Criteria Figure 4-1. Runway Edge Light Configuration Figure 4-2. Runway Edge Light Photometric Requirements Figure 4-3. Threshold Light Configuration for Air Force Figure 4-4. Threshold Light Configuration for Army Figure 4-5. Threshold Light Photometric Requirements Figure 4-6. Displaced Threshold Light Configuration (Permanent) Where Runway

Surface is Used for Take-off and Rollout of Aircraft Figure 4-7. Displaced Threshold Light Configuration (Permanent) Where Runway

Surface is Used as a Taxiway Figure 4-8. Displaced Threshold Lighting (Temporary) Figure 4-9. Displaced Threshold Lighting with Co-located Threshold/End of Runway

Lights (Temporary) Figure 4-10. Runway End Light Photometrics Figure 4-11. Runway Centerline Light Configuration Figure 4-12. Runway Centerline Light Photometric Configuration Figure 4-13. Touchdown Zone Light Configuration Figure 4-14. Touchdown Zone Light Photometric Requirements Figure 5-1. Taxiway Edge Lighting Configuration (Straight) Figure 5-2. Taxiway Edge Lighting Configuration (Curves) Figure 5-3. Taxiway Edge Lighting Configuration Entrance/Exit Figure 5-4. Taxiway Circuit Layout Figure 5-5. Taxiway Centerline Lighting Configuration Figure 5-6. Taxiway Long Radius High Speed Exit Lights Figure 5-7. Taxiway Short Radius High Speed Exit Lights Figure 6-1. Obstruction Light Configuration, Height up to 105 Meters (350 Feet) Figure 6-2. Obstruction Light Configuration Height 45 to 105 Meters (150 to 350 Feet)95 Figure 6-3. Obstruction Light Configuration Height 107 to 213 Meters (350 to 700 Feet)96 Figure 6-4. Obstruction Lights on Buildings Figure 7-1. Helipad Perimeter Lights, Standard Configuration vi

Figure 7-2. Helipad Perimeter Lights, Hospital Configuration Figure 7-3. VFR Helipad Landing Direction Lights Figure 7-4. Helipad VFR Approach Direction Lights Figure 7-5. Approach Lights Category I Figure 7-6. Helipad Floodlight Typical Configuration Figure 7-7. Block Diagram Without Tower Figure 7-8. Block Diagram With Tower Figure 8-1. Layout Heliport Lighting Figure 8-2. Rotary Wing Landing Lane Figure 8-3. Heliport Threshold and Edge Light Details Figure 8-4. Block Diagram Typical System Figure 9-1. Typical Mandatory Signs Figure 9-2. Typical Taxiway Guidance and Information Signs Figure 9-3. Typical Location Signs Figure 9-4. Examples of Signing Conventions Figure 9-5. Signing Examples Figure 9-6. TACAN Sign Location Figure 9-7. Typical RDM and AGM (Markers) Figure 9-8. RDM Layout Configuration Figure 9-9. Arresting Gear Marker (AGM) Configuration Figure 12-1. S-1 Cutout Circuit Diagram Figure 12-2. Installation Plan, Power Equipment Figure 12-3. Power and Control System Block Diagram Figure 12-4. Computerized Control System using PLC Block Diagram Figure 12-5. Computerized Control System using PC Block Diagram Figure 12-6. Siting PAPI without an ILS Glide Slope (1 of 2) Figure 12-6. Siting PAPI without an ILS Glide Slope (2 of 2) Figure 12-7. PAPI Positioning Guidance Figure 13-1. CIE Color Coordinate Diagram Figure 13-2. FAA-E-982, Elevated, Uni-directional, PAR-56, Lamp Holder Figure 13-3. FAA-L-850E, In-pavement, Uni-directional Figure 13-4. FAA-L-850D, In-pavement, Bi-directional Figure 13-5. FAA-E-2628, or FAA L-849E, Elevated, Condenser Discharge (Sequenced

Flashing Light) Figure 13-6. FAA-E-2325, Elevated, Uni-directional, PAR-38 Lamp Holder Figure 13-7. FAA-L-850B, In-pavement, Uni-directional Figure 13-8. FAA-L-859F, Omni-directional, Flashing Figure 13-9. FAA L-880, or FAA-E-2756, PAPI or CHAPI System Figure 13-10. FAA L-862, Elevated, Bi-directional Figure 13-11. FAA L-850C, In-pavement, Bi-directional Figure 13-12. FAA L-861, Elevated, Omni-directional Figure 13-13. FAA L-852, (A, B, C, D), In-pavement, Bi-directional Figure 13-14. FAA L-861SE, Elevated, Bi-directional Figure 13-15. FAA L-850A, In-pavement, Bi-directional Figure 13-16. FAA L-852N, In-pavement, Bi-directional (Hook-resistant) Figure 13-17. Runway Distance Markers Figure 13-18. FAA L-858B, Sign, Elevated, AGM Figure 13-19. FAA L-861T, Elevated, Omni-directional vii

Figure 13-20. FAA L-852, In-pavement, Bi-directional, Uni-directional Figure 13-21. FAA L-852E, In-pavement, Omni-directional Figure 13-22. FAA L-858Y, Sign, Taxiway, Informational Figure 13-23. FAA L-858R, Sign, Taxiway, Mandatory Figure 13-24. FAA L-858L, Sign, Taxiway, Location Figure 13-25. FAA L-804, Elevated, Uni-directional Fixture Runway Guard Lights Figure 13-26. MIL-L-7158, Airfield Beacon, Rotating Figure 13-27. MIL-L-6273, G1, Beacon, Code, Flashing Figure 13-28. FAA L-806, Windcone, 2.4 Meter (8 Foot) Figure 13-29. FAA L-807, Windcone, 3.6 Meter (12 Foot) Figure 13-30. FAA L-810, Obstruction Light, Red, Single or Double Globe Steady

Burning Figure 13-31. FAA L-856, 857, 865, 866, Obstruction Lights Flashing, High or Medium

Intensity Figure 13-32. FAA L-801H, Beacon, Rotating, Helipad Figure 15-1. Typical AGL Layout Figure 15-2. Typical AGL Series Lighting Circuit Figure 15-3. Series Circuits Figure 15-4. Sample Calculation of CCR Test Data Figure 15-4. Sample Calculation of CCR Test Data (Cont.)

Figure 15-5. Current and Voltage Illustration Figure 15-6. Photometric Isocandela Curves

TABLES

Table 2-1A. Visual Facilities AIR FORCE Airfield Requirements Matrix Table 2-1B. Visual Facilities US ARMY Airfield Requirements Matrix Table 2-2. Visual Facilities Helipads/Heliports Requirements Matrix Table 3-1. Elevation Setting Angles for ALSF-1 Table 3-2. Elevation Setting Angles for MALSR Table 3-3. Visual Threshold Crossing Height Groups Table 5-1. Taxiway Centerline Light Intensity and Beam Widths Table 6-1. Required Effective Intensities of Obstructions Lights Table 12-1. Considerations for Cable and Duct Installation Table 12-2. Intensity Requirement Levels for Various Circuits Table 12-3. Aiming of FAA Type L-880 PAPI Relative to Glide Path Table 12-4. Maximum Allowable Non-Armored Cable Pulling Tension, Using

Dynamometer Table 13-1. List of FAA Advisory Circulars Table 13-2. List of Standards, Specifications, and Drawings Table 13-3. AGL Control System Response Times Table 14-1. Checklist for High Intensity Runway Lighting (Elevated, Base Mounted) . 225 Table 14-2. Checklist for In-pavement Lights Table 14-2. Checklist for In-pavement Lights (Cont.)

Table 14-3. Checklist for Medium/Low Intensity Runway and Taxiway Lighting

(Elevated, Base Mounted) Table 14-4. Checklist for Lighted Guidance Signs viii

Table 14-5. Checklist for REIL Table 14-6. Checklist for PAPI Table 14-6. Checklist for PAPI (Cont.)

Table 14-7. Checklist for Underground Cable and Duct Table 14-7. Checklist for Underground Cable and Duct (Cont.)

Table 14-8. Checklist for Vault. (1 of 4) Table 14-8. Checklist for Vault (Cont., 2 of 4) Table 14-8. Checklist for Vault (Cont., 3 of 4) Table 14-8. Checklist for Vault (Cont., 4 of 4) Table 14-9. Cable/Circuit Test Procedures Table 15-1. 5-Step 20-ampere Circuit (FAA Class 2, Style 2) Table 15-2. 5-Step 6.6-ampere Circuit (FAA Class 1, Style 2) Table 15-3. 3-Step 6.6-ampere Circuit (FAA Class 1, Style 1) Table 15-4. AGL Series Circuit Load Calculation Data Sheet

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO STANDARDS AND CRITERIA

1-1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This document provides the guidance and detailed information on standard configurations and equipment to comply with the complementary AFI 32-1044, Visual Air Navigation Systems. Use it when designing, planning, constructing, and installing new systems. This document applies to Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve bases with responsibility for maintaining their airfield facilities. Existing systems are not required to be upgraded to these standards unless as part of a major rehabilitation.

Navy requirements are currently contained in NAVAIR 51-50-AAA-2, General Requirements for Shorebased Airfield Marking and Lighting. This document is listed as Distribution Statement C, and can be obtained on an as-needed basis by applying for an account at https://www.natec.navy.mil/. After receiving account, search in Tech Manuals for “51-50AAA-2.” When using this document, be certain that the complementary markings are installed and that no conflict occurs with the placement of light fixtures.

1-2 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This revision creates a new document from AFJMAN 32-1076, 1 December 1997, and Army TM5-811-5, 13 December 1991. It no longer authorizes the installation of VASI or PLASI systems, but permits continued use at some existing facilities. It realigns lighting for temporary displaced thresholds with FAA guidance (paragraph 4-5.3); expands lighting for helipads (Chapter 7); adds hospital helipad lighting and a glide slope indicator (CHAPI) for helipads (paragraph 7-6); expands photometric curves and criteria in each applicable section (Chapters 3, 4, and 15); adds figures of typical FAA equipment used in most systems with cross-reference to the application section where they are used (Chapter 13); adds compliance checks for applicability to NATO STANAGs and ASCC Air Standards for each system (Chapters 3 through 11); adds an air facility equipment inspection and testing chapter containing guidelines and checklists for testing and inspection of new systems prior to service (Chapter 14); and adds a chapter containing the characteristics of airfield ground lighting, including power, control, and monitoring (Chapter 15).

1-3 PURPOSE OF CHAPTER

This chapter contains the configuration standards, application and installation criteria, and a listing of applicable specifications for all visual air navigation facilities, except marking, at Air Force and US Army facilities.

1-4 BACKGROUND

The term “visual air navigation facilities” refers to all the lights, signs, symbols, and other visual aid devices located on and in the vicinity of an airfield. These facilities provide a visual reference and guidance to pilots when operating aircraft on the ground and in the air. These facilities also supplement the guidance provided by electronic aids such as Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN), Precision Approach Radar (PAR), and Instrument Landing System (ILS), for operating aircraft. Markings are covered in AFI 32-1042, Standards for Marking Airfields.

https://www.natec.navy.mil

1-4.1 Visual facilities must be standardized for operational safety.

Standardization means the configuration and color of the lights at each airfield are identical and have the same meaning. Standardization enables pilots to readily interpret the guidance information in an intuitive manner.

1-4.2 According to Public Law 85-726, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulates and promotes civil aviation to best foster its development and safety, and to provide for the safe and efficient use of the airspace by both civil and military aircraft.

The FAA develops, modifies, tests, and evaluates systems, procedures, facilities, and devices. It also defines the performance characteristics needed for safe and efficient navigation and traffic control of all civil and military aviation.

1-5 APPLICATION. Use this document for all major rehabilitation (i.e., when over half of the lighting system requires replacement), or for the establishment of new visual air navigation facilities at Air Force and US Army installations. Navy requirements are currently contained in NAVAIR 51-50-AAA-2, General Requirements for Shorebased Airfield Marking and Lighting. Attachment 1 contains information on how to obtain a copy.

Do not install visual air navigation facilities or equipment, other than those covered in this publication, except when an appropriate waiver has been obtained (refer to paragraph 1-10 for Air Force waivers, or paragraph 1-11 for US Army waivers).

Exceptions are:

1-5.1 Where international military standards apply (paragraph 1-7).

1-5.2 Where Base Rights Agreements apply (paragraph 1-8).

1-5.3 Where existing facilities configured to prior standards and criteria continue to give satisfactory service (paragraph 1-14).

1-6 FAA STANDARDS

The Army and Air Force generally follows FAA standards which are primarily published as advisory circulars, handbooks, and specifications. However, when they are in conflict with the Air Force or US Army requirements, this document takes precedence.

1-7 INTERNATIONAL MILITARY STANDARDS

1-7.1 This document satisfies the requirements of international military standards whenever possible.

1-7.1.1 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Standardization Agreements (STANAGs) are promulgated by the NATO Military Agency for Standardization (MAS).

1-7.1.2 Air Standardization Coordinating Committee (ASCC) Air Standards (AIR STDs) are promulgated by representatives of the military air forces of the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.

1-7.2 The applicable international military standards, available at the web site https://www.imswms.hq.af.mil/, take precedence over the Air Force standards in this document as follows:

1-7.2.1 NATO

At Air Force facilities in NATO theater countries except the United States and Canada, or wherever NATO funding is provided for the work, regardless of location.

1-7.2.2 ASCC

At Air Force facilities in New Zealand and Australia.

Information on obtaining copies of these standards can be obtained by contacting: HQ USAF/XORD-ISO, 1815 North Fort Myer Drive, Suite 400, Arlington VA 2209-1809, DSN 426-8422/8436/8445, or commercial (703) 696-8422/8436/8445.

1-8 BASE RIGHTS AGREEMENTS

When the Army and Air Force constructs an airfield in a foreign country, the United States obtains a Base Rights Agreement. This is an agreement of the foreign states, but not by the Air Force. The provisions of the particular Base Rights Agreement must be observed and they may require that the construction be done according to the standards of the host country. Under such an agreement, and regardless of the conformity of the international standards with the standards of the host country, the host country must approve all plans. It may also be desirable to use equipment produced in the host country.

1-9 VISUAL AND ELECTRONIC AIDS

Provide visual air navigation aids appropriate for operational requirements and associated electronic aids. See Table 2-1A, Visual Facilities AIR FORCE Airfield Requirements Matrix or Table 2-1B, Visual Facilities US ARMY Airfield Requirements Matrix. Except for Visual Flight Rules (VFR) operation, electronic aids are needed to provide initial positioning and direction information to an approaching aircraft. Visual landing aids ensure a timely and safe transition from the instrument phase to the visual phase of an approach. Failure to provide the necessary visual aids on an instrument runway will degrade the utility of the electronic systems. Furthermore, enhancing a runway with unnecessary visual aids wastes resources and offers minimal operational advantages. Do not upgrade visual aids for a higher level of operations unless the runway, taxiway, or helipad is approved for that level, and appropriate electronic aids are programmed for installation. Waivers are required for all deviations. See complementary information in paragraph 2-3.

1-10 AIR FORCE WAIVERS OF REQUIREMENT

The major command (MAJCOM) may waive requirements of this document if compliance is not practical or feasible. In exercising this waiver authority, the MAJCOM must not adversely impact the effectiveness or safety of operations for any aircraft which may use the airfield. Funding or budgetary constraints normally are not adequate justification for granting a waiver. Each MAJCOM must establish and document procedures for processing waivers. They may use existing documented procedures:

1-10.1 The MAJCOM/CE has waiver authority which must not be redelegated.

1-10.2 Coordinate all waiver requests with the Airfield Management and Flying Safety Offices at the base, wing, and MAJCOM level. In accordance with AFI 13-213, Airfield Management, offices must coordinate as necessary with local flying units and the air traffic control agencies (FAA) providing Terminal Instrument Procedures services for the affected locations.

1-10.3 Coordinate with the FAA on waiver requests involving facilities at joint-use airfields as they are subject to the provisions of Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) Part 77, Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace, and FAR Part 139, Certification and Operations: Land Airports Serving Certain Air Carriers.

1-10.4 Document approved waivers and make them a part of the permanent facility records, available for examination during inspections.

1-10.5 Forward copies of the complete documentation, including detailed justification, of each approved waiver to:

HQ AFCESA/CESM 139 Barnes Drive, Suite 1 Tyndall AFB FL 32403-5319

AFCEE/DGP 3207 North Road Brooks AFB TX 78235-5364

HQ USAF/XOOA 1480 Air Force Pentagon, Washington DC 20330-1480

HQ AFSC/SEFF 9700 G Avenue, South East Kirtland AFB NM 87117-5367

HQ AFFSA/XA 1535 Command Drive, Suite D302 Andrews AFB MD 20762-7002

HQ AFFSA/XOI 1535 Command Drive, Suite D305 Andrews AFB MD 20762-7002

1-10.6 A waiver is not required where existing facilities meet prior standards and continue to give satisfactory service.

1-11 US ARMY WAIVER PROCESSING PROCEDURES

1-11.1 Waiver Procedures

1-11.1.1 Installation. The installation’s design agent, aviation representative (safety officer, operations officer, and/or Air Traffic and Airspace (AT&A) officer) and installation master planner will:

1-11.1.1.1 Jointly prepare/initiate waiver requests.

1-11.1.1.2 Submit requests through the installation to the major command (MACOM).

1-11.1.1.3 Maintain a complete record of all waivers requested and their disposition (approved or disapproved). A list of waivers to be requested and those approved for a project should also be included in the project design analysis prepared by the design agent aviation representative, or installation master planner.

1-11.1.2 The MACOM will:

1-11.1.2.1 Ensure that all required coordination has been accomplished.

1-11.1.2.2 Ensure that the type of waiver requested is clearly identified as either “Temporary” or “Permanent.” Permanent waivers are required when no further mitigative actions are intended or necessary. Temporary waivers are issued for a specified period during which additional actions to mitigate the situation must be initiated to fully comply with criteria or to obtain a permanent waiver. Follow-up inspections will be necessary to ensure that mitigative actions proposed for each Temporary waiver granted have been accomplished.

1-11.1.2.3 Review waiver requests and forward all viable requests to US Army Aeronautical Service Agency (USAASA) for action. To expedite the waiver process, MACOMs are urged to simultaneously forward copies of the request to:

Director, US Army Aeronautical Services Agency

(USAASA)

ATTN: MOAS-AI

9325 Gunston Road, Suite N319 Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5582.

Commander, US Army Safety Center (USASC) ATTN: CSSC-SPC Bldg. 4905, 5th Ave.

Fort Rucker, AL 36362-5363.

Director, US Army Aviation Center (USAAVNC) ATTN: ATZQ-ATC-AT Fort Rucker, AL 36362-5265.

Director, USACE Transportation Systems Center

(TSMCX)

ATTN: CEMRO-ED-TX

215 N. 17th St.

Omaha, NE 68102.

1-11.1.3 USAASA. USAASA is responsible for coordinating the following reviews for the waiver request:

1-11.1.3.1 Air traffic control assessment by USAAC.

1-11.1.3.2 Safety and risk assessment by USASC.

1-11.1.3.3 Technical engineering review by TSMCX.

From these reviews, USAASA formulates a consolidated position and makes the final determination on all waiver requests, and is responsible for all waiver actions for Army operational airfield/airspace criteria.

1-11.2 Contents of Waiver Requests Each request must contain the following information:

1-11.2.1 Reference to the specific standard and/or criterion to be waived by publication, paragraph, and page.

1-11.2.2 Complete justification for noncompliance with the airfield/airspace criteria and/or design standards. Demonstrate that noncompliance will provide an acceptable level of safety, economics, durability and quality for meeting the Army mission. This would include reference to special studies made to support the decision.

1-11.2.1 Justification for Waivers. Specific justification for waivers to criteria and allowances must be included as follows:

1-11.2.1.1 When specific site conditions (physical and functional constraints) make compliance with existing criteria impractical and/or unsafe; for example: the need to provide hangar space for all aircraft because of recurring adverse weather conditions;

the need to expand hangar space closer to and within the runway clearances due to lack of land; and the maintenance of fixed-wing Class A clearance when support of Class B fixed-wing aircraft operations are over 10 percent of the airfield operations.

1-11.2.1.2 When deviation(s) from criteria fall within a reasonable margin of safety and do not impair construction of long range facility requirements; for example, locating security fencing around and within established clearance areas.

1-11.2.1.3 When construction that does not conform to criteria is the only alternative to meet mission requirements. Evidence of analysis and efforts taken to follow criteria and standards must be documented and referenced.

1-11.2.2 Operational Factors. Include information on the following existing and/or proposed operational factors used in the assessment:

1-11.2.2.1 Mission urgency.

1-11.2.2.2 All aircraft by type and operational characteristics.

1-11.2.2.3 Density of aircraft operations at each air operational facility.

1-11.2.2.4 Facility capability (VFR or Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)).

1-11.2.2.5 Use of self-powered parking versus manual parking.

1-11.2.2.6 Safety of operations (risk management).

1-11.2.2.7 Existing navigational aids (NAVAIDS).

1-11.2.3 Record all alternatives considered, their consequences, necessary mitigative efforts, and evidence of coordination.

1-12 METRICATION OF DIMENSIONS

Use the International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) standard English or metric equivalents rounded off (for example, 30 meters equals 100 feet), even though they do not represent exact conversions. No change in standard dimensions, tolerances, or performance specifications is needed if they are applied consistently NOTE: Executive Order 12770, Metric Usage in Federal Government Programs (July 25, 1991), requires use of metric units in procurement of supplies and services.

1-13 PHOTOMETRIC BASIS

Photometric requirements specified in this document are drawn from standards established by the ICAO. They have been augmented and modified as necessary to accommodate Air Force requirements.

1-14 EXISTING FACILITIES

Do not use this document as a sole basis for advancing standards for existing facilities and equipment, except where necessary for a minimum acceptable level of safety, quality, and performance. You may continue to support existing systems with equipment fabricated to the original specifications until the system is upgraded. If there is a change in mission which results in reclassification of the facility, an upgrade to current standards is required. When existing facilities are modified, construction must conform to the criteria in this document unless waived in accordance with paragraphs 1-10 and 1-11. If co-mingling of new generation equipment with older equipment is required, make sure the difference in performance does not degrade the system in any way.

1-15 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION

This document has two parts:

1-15.1 Part 1 Contains the standards which each visual air navigational facility must meet. The information in Chapters 1 through 11 serves as siting criteria for the design of specific installations. This part also provides application criteria to ensure that planned installations are appropriate for their intended purpose.

1-15.2 Part 2 Chapters 12 through 15 contain information for each system including an explanation as to purpose, configuration, construction, photometrics, and related equipment guidelines as approved for US Army and Air Force use.

1-15.3 UFC 3-535-02, Design Drawings for Visual Air Navigation Facilities UFC 3-535-02, Design Drawings for Visual Air Navigation Facilities, supplements this document by providing guidance and detailed information on standard configurations and equipment. It is composed of drawing details for design and construction of individual components of visual navigation facilities. The drawings are also available in AutoCAD format at web site http://cadlib.wes.army.mil.

http://cadlib.wes.army.mil

Chapter 2: APPLICATION CRITERIA

2-1 PURPOSE OF CHAPTER

This chapter provides application criteria to ensure that the installation of visual air navigation facilities is appropriate for its intended purpose and that it is sufficient to achieve the desired level of operation.

2-2 RELATION TO ELECTRONIC FACILITIES

Except for VFR operation, electronic facilities are required to provide initial positioning and direction information to an approaching aircraft. Visual air navigation aids are required to ensure a timely and safe transition from the instrument phase of an approach to its visual phase. The planned operational level for an instrument runway can only be achieved through a combination of appropriate electronic and visual guidance systems. Failure to include required visual aids in the planning of an instrument runway will degrade the utility of the electronic systems. Conversely, enhancing of a runway with inappropriate visual aids will waste resources with little operational advantage.

2-3 APPLICATION OF REQUIREMENTS

Use the application criteria in this chapter for planning, budgeting, and installing visual air navigation facilities. Do not initiate the addition or upgrading of visual aids to a higher order of operational requirement unless the runway, taxiway, or helipad has been officially approved for the new level of operation and appropriate electronic aids have been installed or are programmed for installation. Waivers are required for all deviations in accordance paragraph 1-10 or 1-11, as applicable.

2-4 MATRIX OF REQUIREMENTS

The matrix of requirements for Air Force airfields is shown in Table 2-1A. and for US Army airfields is shown in Table 2-1B. The matrix of requirements for helipads/heliports is shown in Table 2-2. Each matrix contains application criteria for operational categories and the related visual aid requirements.

2-4.1 Not Required (NR) designates a visual aid which is not required for a particular operation and is therefore not specifically provided to support it.

2-4.2 Not Applicable (NA) designates a visual aid whose operational performance is not adequate to support a particular operation or where a particular operation that could be supported is not required.

2-5 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

Use the most current revision or publication date for documents referenced in this document.

Table 2-1A. Visual Facilities AIR FORCE Airfield Requirements Matrix

Operational Category Night Non- Facility VMC Precision I II III

APPROACH AIDS

High Intensity Approach Light System (ALSF-1) NR NR R(1) NA NA High Intensity Approach Light System (ALSF-2) NR NR NR R R Short Approach Lighting (SALS) NR OPT NA NA NA Simplified Short Approach Lighting (SSALR) NR OPT OPT NA NA Medium Intensity Approach Light System (MALSR) NR NR OPT NA NA Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL) OPT OPT OPT NA NA Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) R(2) R(2) OPT NA NA

RUNWAY AIDS

High Intensity Runway Edge Lights (HIRL) R R R R R Medium Intensity Runway Edge Lights (MIRL) OPT OPT NA NA NA Threshold Lights R R R R R Runway End Lights R R R R R Runway Distance Markers (RDM) R R R R R Runway Centerline Lights (RCL) NR NR NR R R Touchdown Zone Lights (TDZL) NR NR NR R R

TAXIWAY AIDS

Taxiway Edge Lights R R R R R Taxiway Centerline Lights OPT OPT OPT OPT R Taxiway Clearance Bar (Hold Point) NR NR NR R R Runway Guard Lights OPT OPT OPT R R Runway Exit Lights OPT OPT OPT OPT R Taxiway Guidance Signs (Informative) OPT OPT OPT OPT OPT Taxiway Guidance Signs (Mandatory) R R R R R

MISCELLANEOUS AIDS

Airfield Identification Beacons R R R R R Wind Cones OPT OPT OPT NA NA Obstruction Lights R R R R R Emergency Power R(3) R(3) R(3) R(3) R(3) Legend:

R Required.

OPT Option as recommended by the wing commander and approved by the MAJCOM.

NR Not required.

NA Not applicable. Not appropriate for this application.

(1) MAJCOM approval is required to substitute MALSR for an ALSF-1.

(2) Required only on primary instrument runways.

(3) Emergency power required for all “R” equipment.

NOTE: Backup power must be provided for visual landing aid listed as (R) Required.

Table 2-1B. Visual Facilities US ARMY Airfield Requirements Matrix

Operational Category Precision

Approach (IMC) Facility Night

VMC

Non- Precision I

APPROACH AIDS

High Intensity Approach Light System (ALSF-1) NR NR OPT High Intensity Approach Light System (ALSF-2) NR NR NR Short Approach Lighting (SALS) NR OPT NA Simplified Short Approach Lighting (SSALR) NR OPT OPT Medium Intensity Approach Light System (MALSR) NR OPT R Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL) OPT OPT OPT Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) (5) OPT OPT OPT

RUNWAY AIDS

High Intensity Runway Edge Lights (HIRL) NR NR R Medium Intensity Runway Edge Lights (MIRL) R(1) R(1) NA High Intensity Threshold Lights NR NR R Medium Intensity Threshold Lights R R NA Runway End Lights R R R Runway Distance Markers (RDM) R R R Runway Centerline Lights (RCL) NR NR NR Touchdown Zone Lights (TDZL) NR NR NR

TAXIWAY AIDS

Taxiway Edge Lights R R R Taxiway Centerline Lights NR NR NR Taxiway Hold Lights/Stop Bar NR NR NR Runway Exit Lights OPT OPT OPT Runway Guard Lights OPT OPT OPT Guidance Signs (Informative) (3) R R R Guidance Signs (Mandatory) (3) R R R

MISCELLANEOUS AIDS

Airfield Identification Beacons R R R Wind Cones (2) R R R Obstruction Lights R R R Emergency Power R(4) R(4) R(4) Legend:

R Required.

OPT Option as determined by the airfield commander and approved by USAASA.

NR Not required.

NA Not applicable.

(1) Use with medium intensity threshold lights.

(2) A lighted Style 1 wind cone; aviation community to determine size.

(3) See FAA AC 150/5340-18 for guidance.

(4) Emergency power required for all “R” equipment.

(5) See paragraph 3-7.1.1 for additional guidance.

Table 2-2. Visual Facilities Helipads/Heliports Requirements Matrix

HELIPAD/HELIPORT Helicopter Runway

VMC VMC IMC IMC

FACILITY Day

Non- Instrument

Night No-

Instrument

Non- Precision

Instrument

Precision Instrument Category I

Precision Instrument Category I

Perimeter Lights NA R R R NA Approach Direction Lights NA OPT R NA NA Landing Direction Lights NA OPT R NA NA Approach Lights Category I NA NA NA R R Floodlights NA OPT OPT OPT OPT Visual Glide Slope Indicator System (4) NA OPT OPT OPT OPT High Intensity Runway Edge Lights NA NA NA NA R Threshold Lights NA NA NA NA R Runway End Lights NA NA NA NA R Taxiway Lights NA OPT OPT OPT R Illuminated Heliport - Guidance Signs

(2) R(1) R R R R

Obstruction Lighting R R R R R Electrical Supply Standby Generator NA OPT R R R Hoverlane Lighting NA OPT R R R Identification Beacon R R R R R Apron Lighting NA OPT OPT OPT OPT Wind Direction Indicator R(1) R R R R Emergency Power R(4) R(4) R(4) R(4) R(4)

Legend:

R Required OPT Optional NA Not applicable

(1) Not lighted for DAY VMC.

(2) See FAA AC 150/5340-18 for guidance.

(3) Emergency power required for all “R” equipment.

(4) See paragraph 7-5.2 Justification.

NOTE: Refer to chapters 7 and 8 for criteria.

Chapter 3: STANDARDS FOR LIGHTED APPROACH AIDS

3-1 APPROACH LIGHT SYSTEM WITH SEQUENCED FLASHING LIGHTS,

(ALSF-1)

3-1.1 Purpose The ALSF-1 is a high intensity approach lighting system with sequenced flashing lights where operations under Category I conditions are required. This system provides the visual guidance to pilots for alignment of the approaching aircraft with the runway and for final corrections before landing at night and during low visibility weather conditions.

3-1.2 Associated Systems In addition to electronic aids such as ILS, PAR, or Microwave Landing System (MLS), the ALSF-1 should include the following:

3-1.2.1 The runway should be paved and not less than 50 meters (150 feet) wide.

The length should not be less than 2,000 meters (6,000 feet), but shorter lengths may be approved for special operating conditions.

3-1.2.2 The runway must be equipped with the following:

3-1.2.2.1 Precision approach runway markings.

3-1.2.2.2 High-intensity runway edge lights.

3-1.2.2.3 High-intensity threshold lights.

3-1.2.2.4 Runway end lights.

3-1.2.3 The approach should have a paved or stabilized end zone area extending 300 meters (1,000 feet) into the approach area and not less than the runway width. The first 100 meters (300 feet) of this paved or stabilized area should have the same slope as the first 300 meters (1,000 feet) of the runway. The remainder of the paved or stabilized area may have a slope of not more than ±1.5 percent. This criteria and further details are provided in UFC 3-260-01, Airfield and Heliport Planning and Design.

3-1.2.4 The runway should have a Runway Visual Range (RVR) system.

3-1.2.5 Air traffic control should be provided during normal operating hours.

3-1.3 Configuration The ALSF-1 consists of a pre-threshold light bar, a terminating bar, a 300 meter (1,000 foot) crossbar, centerline lights, sequenced flashing lights, and threshold lights. Figure 3-1 shows the typical layout. The system centerline coincides with the extended runway centerline. The overall system length is 900 meters (3,000 feet) extending from the runway threshold into the approach zone. For the Air Force only, if terrain or other local conditions prevent a full-length installation, the system may be shortened to not less than 720 meters (2,400 feet). There is a generally accepted convention for locating lights along the longitudinal axis of approach light systems for this standard. The longitudinal axis is divided into 30 meter (100 foot) stations with station 0+00 located at the threshold and higher station numbers located further into the approach. Thus, a light at station 1+34 would be located 40.3 meters (134 feet) into the approach from the threshold. All lights in the system are aimed toward the approach. Required locations and configurations of the individual system elements are:

3-1.3.1 Pre-threshold Bar The pre-threshold bar consists of two barrettes in aviation red lights placed symmetrically about the system centerline at station 1+00. Each barrette consists of five lights on 1 meter (3.5 feet) centers, with the innermost lights located not less than 22.5 meters (75 feet) nor more than 24 meters (80 feet) from the system centerline.

3-1.3.2 Terminating Bar The terminating bar consists of two barrettes in aviation red lights located symmetrically about and perpendicular to the system centerline at station 2+00. Each barrette consists of three lights on 1.5 meter (5 foot) centers, with the outermost lights located 7.5 meters (25 feet) from the system centerline.

Figure 3-1. ALSF-1 Configuration

30+00

10+00

1.5M (5FT) SPACING, TYP.

1M (3.5FT) SPACING, TYP.

15M (50FT)

900M 15M

(3000FT

50FT)

300M 15M

(1000FT

50FT)

ALSF

1.5M (5FT)

SPACING, TYP.

1M (3.5FT)

SPACING, TYP.

22.5M (75FT)

7.5M (25FT)

TERMINATING

BAR

300M (1000FT)

CROSSBAR

SEE

NOTE

THRESHOLD LIGHTS

(SEE CHAPTER 4)RUNWAY CL

CL

PRE-

THRESHOLD

BAR

ELEVATED

2+00

1+00

NOTE: SEE TEXT FOR ADJUSTMENTS

AND TOLERANCES.

NOT TO SCALE

LEGEND:

WHITE LIGHTS

RED LIGHTS

SFL

SEMIFLUSH IN

PAVED OVERRUNS

30M

(100FT)

3-1.3.3 300 meter (1,000 foot) Crossbar This crossbar consists of two barrettes in aviation white lights located symmetrically about and perpendicular to the system centerline at station 10+00 and in line with the centerline barrette at that station. Each barrette consists of 8 lights on 1.5 meter (5 foot) spacing with the outermost light located 15 meters (50 feet) from the system centerline.

3-1.3.4 Centerline Lights The centerline lights consist of a series of barrettes in aviation white lights located at 30 meter (100 foot) intervals along the system centerline, from station 1+00 to station 30+00. Each barrette consists of five lights spaced at 1 meter (3.5 feet) on centers, centered on and perpendicular to the system centerline. Centerline lights installed on elevated supports may be spaced at 1.02 meters (40.5 inches) in order to fit standard support hardware.

3-1.3.5 Sequenced Flashing Lights (SFL) The sequenced flashing lights are a series of flashing lights located on the system centerline at each station, beginning at station 10+00, 300 meters (1,000 feet) to the end of the system at station 30+00. The lights flash a bluish-white light at a rate of twice per second in sequence from the outermost light station toward the threshold, appearing as a ball of white light traveling toward the runway. Sequenced flashing lights may be uniformly mounted a maximum of 1.3 meters (4 feet) below the steady burning lights or, when in-pavement lights are used, they may be displaced a maximum of 1.5 meters (5 feet) into the approach along the system centerline in order to avoid visual or physical interference between light units.

3-1.3.6 Threshold Lights While threshold lights are not actually a section of the approach light system, they must be present and installed according to paragraph 4-4.

3-1.4 Photometrics Optimum aiming of lights depends on the design and light output of the fixtures used in the system. Light fixtures may be designed to cover several applications and may have fixed patterns and aiming angles which differ from the standard. Light aiming and patterns other than those given in this standard may be used, provided the resultant light pattern produces equivalent light intensities in the areas required by the standard.

Luminous characteristics for the lights used in this system are described below. The beam widths are measured symmetrically about the optical axis of the light unit unless otherwise noted. All steady burning lights used in the system must meet the intensity requirements given in Figure 3-2. Sequenced flashing lights must provide, at the maximum intensity setting, an effective intensity of 15,000 candelas (cd) in an elliptical area subtending beam angles of ±15 degrees horizontally and ±5 degrees measured vertically from the beam axis.

3-1.4.1 Intensity Control Provide brightness control with five intensity steps for steady burning lights and three intensity steps for flashing lights. Couple the intensity of the sequenced flashing lights to the intensity of the steady burning lights as follows:

Steady Light Flashing Light Intensity Intensity Intensity step Percentage Percentage 1 0.16 2.00 2 0.8 2.00 3 4.00 10.00 4 20.00 100.00 5 100.00 100.00

Figure 3-2. Approach Lighting Photometrics

VERTICAL

DEGREES

SEE NOTE 2

I

II

DEGREES

VERTICAL

SEE NOTE 2

A. ELEVATED APPROACH LIGHTS; CENTERLINE

300M (1000FT) CROSSBAR (STA 10+00 TO 30+00)

B. SEMIFLUSH WHITE OR RED APPROACH LIGHTS;

CENTERLINE OR SIDE ROW (STA 1+00 TO 9+00)

a 10.0 14.0 b 5.0 6.5

I=50% II=10%

a 7.0 11.5 b 5.0 6.0

I=50% II=10%

5 5

5 5

1. ALL CONTOURS ARE ELLIPSES CALCULATED BY EQUATION = 1

2. THE MINIMUM AVERAGE INTENSITY OF THE MAIN BEAM (INSIDE CONTOUR I )

IS 20,000 CD FOR WHITE, OR 5000 CD FOR RED.

3. MAXIMUM INTENSITY SHOULD NOT EXCEED 1.5 TIMES ACTUAL AVERAGE INTENSITY.

4. MINIMUM INTENSITY OF I=50% AND II=10% OF REQUIRED MAIN BEAM INTENSITY.

5. FOR SEMIFLUSH UNITS, THE PORTION OF LIGHT CUT OFF BY THE MOUNTING SURFACE

MAY BE DISREGARDED.

X a

Y b

2+

NOTES:

1015 10 15 10 10

I

II

DEG…