09310_en.pdf

Section 09310 1

SECTION 09310

CERAMIC TILE

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by the basic designation only.

ITALIAN/EUROPEAN HARMONIZATION STANDARDS (UNI EN)(UNI ENV)(CEI EN)(UNI EN

ISO)(UNI ISO)

UNI EN 87 (1992) Ceramic Floor and Wall Tiles -

Definitions, Classification, Characteristics and Marking

UNI EN ISO 10545-2 (2000) Ceramic tiles - Determination of dimensions and surface quality

UNI EN ISO 10545-3 (2000) Ceramic tiles - Determination of water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density

UNI EN 101 (1992) Ceramic Tiles. Determination of

Scratch Hardness of Surface According to Mohs’ Scale.

UNI EN ISO 10545-11 (2000) Ceramic tiles - Determination of crazing resistance for glazed tiles

UNI EN ISO 10545-14 (2000) Ceramic tiles - Determination of resistance to stains

UNI EN ISO 10545-7 (2000) Ceramic tiles - Determination of resistance to surface abrasion for glazed tiles

UNI EN ISO 10545-12 (2000) Ceramic tiles - Determination of frost resistance

Regio Decreto No. 2231 (16.11.1939)Norms for Lime Acceptance.

1.2 SUBMITTAL

1.2.1 Manufacturer's Catalog Data

Submit complete descriptive literature for ceramic tiles. Clearly mark the data to indicate which type, size, and item the Contractor intends to provide. Provide sufficient data to show conformance to specified requirements. Include manufacturer’s name, address and phone and fax numbers.

1.2.2 Samples

2 Section 09310

Submit for approval to the Contracting Officer’s Technical Representative the following samples, prior to delivery to project site:

a. Floor tile

b. Interior wall tile units

1.3 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

The Contractor shall have received Government approval prior to delivering materials to the job site. Deliver to work site in unbroken containers, plainly marked and labeled with manufacturers' names and brands. Store in dry, well ventilated and weathertight sheds or enclosures. Protect materials from direct contact with the ground.

Handle materials with care to avoid chipping and breakage.

1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Do not start tile work unless the ambient temperature in work area is at least 10 degrees C and rising. Maintain the ambient temperature above 10 degrees C while work is in progress and for at least 3 days after its completion. For the installation and subsequent cure of chemical-resistant epoxy the temperature shall be at least 16 degrees C and rising for a period of time recommended by the manufacturer. Do not use adhesives in unventilated areas.

1.5 EXTRA STOCK

Supply an extra two percent of each type, color, size, and finish of tile, trim, and accessory used in clean and marked cartons.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 GENERAL

Tile work shall conform to UNI EN ISO 10545 and UNI EN 87 standards, and shall be produced from any suitable combination of thoroughly mixed clays, shales, flints, feldspars or other inorganic materials. Tiles shall be the best selection possible. Tile shall be thoroughly and evenly matured and free from defects affecting appearance or serviceability. Tile with chips, cracks, or other defects will not be acceptable. Defective tile placed in the work shall be removed and replaced with acceptable material at no additional cost to the Government.

2.2 The following manufacturers comply with this Specification section

a. CASALGRANDE PADANIA Via Statale 467, No.73 42100 Reggio Emilia Tel. : 0522/9901 Fax : 0522/996121

b. MIRAGE GRANITO CERAMICO

41026 Pavullo (Mo) Via Giardini nord, 225 Tel. : 0536/29611 Fax : 0536/210655

Section 09310 3

E-Mail-: infomir@mirage.it

c. MARAZZI CERAMICHE S.P.A.

Viale Regina Pacis, 39 41049 Sassuolo (Modena) Tel. : 0536/860274 Fax : 0536/860599 E-Mail-: marazzi.tecnica@marazzi.it

d. GRANITIFIANDRE S.P.A.

Via Radici Nord 42014 Castellarano (Reggio Emilia) Tel. : 0536/819611 Fax : 0536/850088-858082

2.3 TILES

2.3.1 Ceramic Porcelain Floor Tile

Tile shall be as scheduled and 8 mm minimum thick. Provide reasonably smooth, non-slip surface unaffected by moisture or cleaning solutions.

Tiles shall meet the following characteristics

Dimensional Tolerances

Length: ± 0,5% nominal UNI EN ISO 10545-2 Thickness: ± 1,0% UNI EN ISO 10545-2 Squareness: ± 0,2% UNI EN ISO 10545-2 Corner straightness: ± 0,1% UNI EN ISO 10545-2 Flatness: ± 0,1% UNI EN ISO 10545-2

Physical Characteristics

Water Absorption: ± 0,04% maximum UNI EN ISO 10545-3 Flexural Resistance: 57,3 N/mm2 minimum UNI EN ISO 10545-4 Resistance to Ice: No damage UNI EN ISO 10545-12

Shock Resistance: 0,89 minimum UNI EN ISO 10545-5 Hardness: 7÷8 MOHS

Finish Surface Characteristics

Abrasion Resistance: 133 mm3 UNI EN ISO 10545-6

Chemical Resistance: No damage UNI EN ISO 10545-13 Stain resistance: ≥ 4 UNI EN ISO 10545-14 Lead and cadmium transfer: not detectable UNI EN ISO 10545-15 Thermal shock resistance: no damage UNI EN ISO 10545-9 Skidding resistance: 0,62 ASTM C1820

2.3.2 Ceramic Porcelain Wall Tile and Trimmers

For wall facing shall be approximately 6 mm thick. Ceramic porcelain wall tile shall be as scheduled. Stops, returns, trimmers, caps, cove base, interior corner, exterior corner, special shapes, and accessories shall be provided as required for sills, jambs, recesses, offsets, and other conditions so as to provide a complete and neatly finished installation.

Colors shall be as indicated, trim pieces and accessories shall match the

4 Section 09310 adjacent tile color. Glazed ceramic wall tile shall be free from dark spots, fractures of glaze, heavy accumulations of glaze, spots insufficiently glazed, frosted or crystalline appearance, or rough spots.

Water absorption shall be within the range of 7% to 10%.

2.3.2.1 Tile Baseboard

Shall be of the same material and color of the wall tile and be 100 mm high.

2.4 SETTING BED

2.4.1 Portland Cement

Portland cement shall be normal Portland cement, Type 325.

2.4.2 SAND

Sand for setting beds, base coats, and grout shall be clean, washed, sharp, durable particles, free of slit, loam, clay, soluble, and organic impurities, and shall be well graded from coarse to fine within the limits noted for its specific use, as follows:

Percentage, Weight, Passing

Specific Use Sieve No.8 Sieve No.30 Sieve No. 100

Setting Beds, for Floors 100 --- Not more than 5

Base Coats, for Walls 100 --- Not more than 5

Grout --- 100 Not more than 5

2.4.3 Aggregate

Maximum size of coarse aggregate shall not be greater than half the thickness of concrete fill.

2.4.4 Lime

Lime shall be as specified in Section 09212, “Exterior Stucco.”

2.4.5 Water

Water shall be clean and free from injurious amounts of oil, acids, soluble salts, and organic impurities.

2.5 GROUT AND ADHESIVE

2.5.1 Latex Portland Cement Grout

Latex-Portland Cement Grout shall be a mixture of Portland Cement with a latex additive. The latex will help cure the grout. The grout shall be

Section 09310 5 properly prepared in strict accordance with the adhesive manufacturer's written directions. Grout color shall be as directed by the Contracting Officer’s Technical Representative.

2.5.2 ORGANIC ADHESIVE

A prepared organic material for interior use, ready to use with no further addition of liquid or powder, which cures or sets by evaporation.

It should be prepared in strict accordance with the adhesive manufacturer's written directions.

2.6 MARBLE THRESHOLD

Threshold shall be as specified in Section 04405, "Natural Stone Work".

2.7 SEALANTS AND CAULKING

Provide sealants and caulking in joints between tile and door frames as specified in Section 07920 "Joint Sealants".

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL

Do not start tile work until roughing in for plumbing, heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and electrical work have been completed and tested; built-in shower stalls and membrane water-proofing have been installed and verified. Do not start tile work unless that ambient temperature of area in which work occurs is at least 10oC and rising.

Maintain the ambient temperature above 10oC without interruption while work is in progress and for at least 3 days after completion of work.

Before setting, tile shall be thoroughly soaked in clean water and drained so that no free moisture remains on the back of the tile.

3.2 PREPARATION

3.2.1 Concrete Subfloor Preparation

Do not begin floor tile installation in areas receiving wall tile until wall tile installation has been completed. Before applying tile, test structural concrete floor for levelness or uniformity of slope by using straightedges. Fill areas where the floor does not meet the required tolerances and level them to provide expansion joints where required.

3.2.2 Preparation of Setting Beds

Measure setting bed materials in approved containers to ensure that proportions of materials will be controlled and accurately maintained.

Measuring materials with shovels is not permitted. Unless specified otherwise, mix materials in proportions by volume in approved mixing machines or mortar boxes. Control the quantity of water accurately and uniformly.

3.3 INSTALLATION OF WALL TILE

3.3.1 Interior Wall Tile Installation

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Wall surfaces receiving ceramic tile set with organic adhesive shall have square corners, be plumb and true, with variations not exceeding 1.25 mm in one meter from the required plane. Set wall tile by troweling a thin layer of organic adhesive over the water resistant gypsum wallboard. The installation method shall strictly adhere to the manufacturer's written instructions. Allow a minimum of 24 hours after tile is set before grouting.

3.3.2 Exterior Wall Tile Installation

Cementitious backer unit surface shall be free of coatings, oil, and wax.

Maximum wall surface variation shall not exceed 1 mm per meter on grade.

Provide an 18 mm thick cement mortar bed over cementitious backer unit.

Set tile by troweling a thin layer of Portland Cement paste over the mortar bed while it is still workable. The installation method shall strictly adhere to the manufacturer's written instructions. Allow a minimum of 24 hours after tile is set before grouting.

3.3.3 Grouting

After joints in wall tile have been thoroughly wet, they shall be grouted full with a plastic mix of neat, white waterproofed latex Portland cement. The joints shall be tooled slightly concave and the excess mortar shall be cut off and wiped from the face of tile. Joints between wall tile and plumbing or other built-in fixtures shall be made with a light colored caulking compound.

3.3.4 Curing

Immediately after the grout has had its initial set, tile wall surfaces shall be given a protective coat of a non-corrosive soap or other approved method of protection and joints shall be damp-cured for 72 hours.

3.4 INSTALLATION OF FLOOR TILE

3.4.1 Floor Tile Installation Latex-Portland Cement Mortar

Floor tile operations in spaces requiring wall tile shall not be started until after the wall tile installation has been completed. Surfaces to receive the various applications of materials shall be clean and free of dirt, dust, oil, grease, or other objectionable matter. The slab shall be well cured, dimensionally stable and free of cracks. The slab shall have a steel trowel and fine broom finish with no curing compounds used.

As soon as the bond coat has set sufficiently to be worked upon, a dust coat of dry latex Portland cement not more than 1.5 mm thick shall be sprinkled over the surface and lightly worked with a steel trowel. The laying shall begin as soon as the moisture, not free water, has penetrated the dust coat. A thin skin coat of neat latex Portland cement grout shall be troweled or brushed into the backs of tiles immediately before each set is laid. Tile sheets shall be laid on the freshly prepared bond coat while the surface is still plastic and tile then tamped into the mortar to insure solid bonding to the exact slope or level of finished floor surface. Tile shall be installed with their respective surfaces screened and tamped to true planes, level or pitched to drains as required by the drawings, so that the surface of the completed flooring will be at the elevations and grades shown. Re-tempering of mortar will not be permitted. Tile shall be laid out from the centerlines of each space outward and adjustments made along walls, Section 09310 7 partitions, and borders, if any, so as to symmetrize the pattern with a minimum of cut tiles. Joints between tiles shall be uniform width and as specified for the tile installed. A 6 mm wide temporary joint filler strip shall be provided between tile flooring and fixed vertical surface.

Tile shall be cut with a suitable cutting tool and rough edges shall be rubbed smooth. Cut tile misfits shall be replaced with properly cut tile. Straightedges shall be accurately set to the lines established and reset at suitable intervals to keep the joints parallel over the entire area.

3.4.2 Grouting and Pointing Joints

When installation has hardened sufficiently, a thick creamy slurry of waterproof grout and a minimum amount of water shall be spread until all joints are thoroughly filled. The surface of the floor shall be very gently rubbed with a wood block to bring tile surfaces to true planes, excess slurry shall be removed, and the floor shall be rubbed with burlap to clean the tile and finish the joints. Temporary joint filler strips shall then be removed, and the spaces shall be filled flush with mastic cement.

3.5 JOINTS

Make parallel, plumb, level, and in alignment. Make end joints in broken-joint work on center lines of adjoining tiles, as far as practicable. Set square tiles with straight joints.

3.5.1 Joint Width

Make joints uniform in width and space to accommodate tile with a minimum of cutting. Make joint widths as follows:

a. Mounted tile: As determined by the mounted tile spacing.

b. Unmounted wall tile: As determined by spacing lugs.

c. Ceramic Tile: 6 mm minimum, width of 10 mm maximum.

d. Trim units and accessories: Match adjoining tile units.

3.5.2 Expansion and Control Joints

Provide expansion and control joints in tile work as required. Install expansion and control joints as follows:

a. Insert preformed joint filler or back-up material in joints to proper depth to provide correct cavity depth for sealant.

b. Prior to grouting, keep joints open and clean by stuffing with paper or other material to prevent filling with dirt, grout, or mortar.

c. After tile is grouted and completely dry, remove paper or other temporary filler material; brush joints clean and fill with back-up material and sealant as specified in Section 07920, "Joint Sealants".

3.5.3 Metal Dividing Strips

8 Section 09310

Install dividing strips in mortar setting bed while bed is in a plastic state. Dividing strips shall be set wherever there is a construction joint in the concrete slab.

3.6 THRESHOLDS

Align edges with faces of trim on both sides of openings. Fit thresholds neatly and bed properly in cement mortar flush with adjoining floors.

3.7 CURING

Cover floors with 1.35 kilogram/square meter natural Kraft paper with points overlapping at least 100 mm and tape-sealed or held down with planks or other weights. Allow to damp cure for at least 72 hours before permitting foot traffic on tiled floor.

3.8 CLEANING

Clean surfaces of work at the end of the work in accordance with methods recommended by the manufacturer.

3.9 PROTECTION

Cover finished tile floors with clean, 1.35 kilogram/square meter natural

Kraft paper before permitting foot traffic. Board walkways shall be placed on floors that are to be continuously used as passageways by workers. Cover marble stools and thresholds with boards. Protect tiled corners, external angles, with board corner strips in areas used as passageways by workers.

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SECTION 09310 CERAMIC TILE