MARCH AIR BASE INSTRUCTION 91-202.docx

March ARBI 91-202

BY ORDER OF THE COMMANDER MARCH ARB

MARCH AIR BASE INSTRUCTION 91-202

Safety

INTEGRATED BIRD/WILDLIFE AIRCRAFT STRIKE HAZARD (IBASH) PROGRAM

COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY

ACCESSIBILITY: This publication is available directly from the OPR.

RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication.

OPR: 452 AMW/SEF

Certified By: 452 AMW/SE Supersedes: 452 AMW OPLAN 91-202, 1 June 2007 Pages: 32

This support plan fulfills the requirements of AFI 91-202 and is effective upon receipt. The primary purpose of this plan is to coordinate the efforts of the Bird/Wildlife Hazard Working Group (WHWG) with base agencies involved in the BASH Program. The WHWG, normally chaired by the vice wing commander, meets at least quarterly and is the controlling element for March’s BASH program. Tenant flying units are also members of the WHWG. This plan covers all March ARB assigned and tenant flying units. This plan is reviewed by 452 AMW/SEF by 1 June each year and updated as appropriate. All tasked organizations will review this plan 30 days prior to that date and forward comments to 452 AMW/SEF. Affected organizations may develop their own operating instructions (OIs) and/or checklists and ensure the WHWG receives copies of them for review. This plan references the following publications and reports: AFI 91-202, AFI 91-202 AFRC SUP1, AFI 91-204, AFI 91-204 AFRC SUP 1, AFPAM 91-212, AFMAN 91-223, AFI 32-7064, BASH Team staff assistance visit reports, field guides to regional birds, compiled listing of base bird strikes and any MAJCOM supplements to the above regulations. Refer recommended changes and question about this publication to the Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR) using the AF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication; route AF Form 847s from the field through Major Command (MAJCOM) publications/forms managers. Ensure that all records created as a result of processes prescribed in this publication are maintained in accordance with Air Force Manual (AFMAN) 33-363, Management of Records, and disposed of in accordance with Air Force Records Information Management System (AFRIMS) Records Disposition Scheduled (RDS) located at https://www.my.af.mil/gessaf61a/afrims/afrims/. The use of the name or mark of any specific manufacturer, commercial product, commodity, or service in this publication does not imply endorsement by the Air Force.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

There have been minor revisions to this plan since last publication, including removing references to entities no longer operating on base and updating obsolete AFIs. Additionally, the Bird Watch Conditions were changed to conform to AFRC policy.

SECURITY INSTRUCTIONS

1. The long title of this plan is 452D Air Mobility Wing Operations Plan 91-202, Integrated Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Plan. The short title is 452 AMW OPLAN 91-202.

2. This document is unclassified and does not come within the scope of directions governing the protection of information affecting national security. Although it is unclassified, it is FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY IAW (DOD 5400.7-R_AFMAN 33-302).

3. This OPLAN may be reproduced in whole or in part.

RECORD OF CHANGES

CHANGE NO. DATE ENTERED POSTED BY

RECORD OF ANNUAL REVIEWS

REVIEWED BY DATE REVIEWED REMARKS

FORWARD: This plan supersedes all previous March ARB Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard Plans. Annual reviews are required with revisions as necessary. This plan complies with AFI 91-202, “US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program”, and AFPAM 91-212, “Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard Management Techniques”. The purpose of this plan is to reduce the bird/wildlife aircraft strike hazard on the March ARB airfield. The primary goal is the reduction of bird/wildlife aircraft strikes utilizing an integrated approach. This integrated approach uses several control measures designed to manage the bird/wildlife population. This plan aligns with March's Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan (INRMP) and AFI 32-7064 to both comply with environmental laws and regulations and to maximize the safety of our aircrews and that of the public while carrying out March’s military mission.

PURPOSE: This plan is established to minimize aircraft exposure to potentially hazardous bird/wildlife strikes by:

1. Establishing a Wildlife Hazard Working Group (WHWG). The WHWG will consist of all organizations involved in airfield bird/wildlife control, habitat management, operations, civil engineering, and safety.

2. Identifying local bird/wildlife problems and developing recommendations to reduce the attractants to birds/wildlife.

3. Developing and recommending procedures to disperse birds and other wildlife posing an immediate threat to flying operations.

4. Establishing procedures to inform and educate aircrews of specific bird/wildlife hazards as well as procedures for hazard avoidance during all phases of flight.

5. Tracking and establishing a database for local wildlife affecting operations at March ARB.

CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS: This plan is implemented upon receipt and remains active year round. The plan contains the following two phases of operation:

· Phase I: This phase concentrates on bird control and is in effect whenever Phase II is not in effect.

· Phase II: This phase is in effect during periods of heavy bird activity (normally associated with migration) and concentrates on bird avoidance using scheduling and airfield operating restrictions. Periods and the concentrations of birds during the spring are subject to change based on climatic variations such as mild winters or wet seasons. Therefore, Phase II is not automatically implemented in the spring, but employed only when there is an increased population of birds. The 452 OG/CC implements and terminates Phase II upon recommendation from the WHWG, and from 1 Oct to 1 Nov.

This plan includes a brief discussion of local habitats in the March ARB vicinity. This plan also briefly discusses the control measures and operational restrictions designed to minimize aircrew exposure to March’s bird/wildlife hazards.

MARCH AIRFIELD BIRD/WILDLIFE SURVEY: The basis of this plan begins with an extensive airfield survey providing the data necessary to assess the bird/wildlife aircraft strike potential. From the airfield survey, control methods are developed. There is no single control method available to significantly reduce the bird/wildlife air strike potential. Therefore, several integrated control methods are used to substantially reduce the bird/wildlife strike risk.

Habitat: March ARB is located approximately nine miles southeast of downtown Riverside and adjacent to Moreno Valley, an agrarian region in the process of urbanization. The terrain of the valley is essentially a level plain of recent alluvial deposits, with granite remnant mountain boundaries to the east and north. Water drainage at March ARB and surrounding areas is primarily from north to south. Lake Perris and the San Jacinto Wildlife Area are located three and six miles southeast of the base respectively. March ARB has an abundance of small mammals including ground squirrels and rabbits which attract larger birds of prey such as eagles, falcons, hawks and owls. March Field also tends to attract seed eating birds such as doves, blackbirds, starlings, etc.

Wildlife Risks & Approved Control Methods: Due to an increase in commercial buildings surrounding March Field, wildlife and birds have made March Field, including the runway environment, a habitat. An abundance of ground squirrels and stray animals have become a food source for coyotes and Red-tailed hawks. There have been observations of coyotes on the taxiway and runways by airfield management and pilots. An optimum control method for minimizing bird and wildlife is reducing food sources and practicing constant harassment.

California Ground Squirrels: Ground squirrels (Spermophilus Beecheyi) have been residing on the airfield and much of the base property for many years. They have dug extensive burrows near the runway, causing damage to the runway lighting systems. Their burrowing has brought the runway base course (gravel) to the surface on the runway apron, increasing the potential for foreign object damage (FOD). The ground squirrels frequent hangars and parked aircraft and have bitten 452 AMW members while being handled.

· Ground squirrels are classified as non-game mammals by the California Fish and Game code. The private sector owner or tenant may control non-game mammals destroying property in any legal manner. Rodenticide may be used by the base civil engineer pest manager with approval of environmental regulators.

The Coyote (Canis Latrans) is a member of the dog family and is native to California. Coyotes are found throughout California, from desert and mountain habitats to urban areas. Coyotes quickly lose their natural fear of people and become bold, even aggressive. Brush and dense weeds should be cleared from around structures to reduce protective cover for coyotes and make the area less attractive to rodents. Coyotes are attracted to areas where rodents are found. Aircraft safety can be jeopardized when coyotes frequent the runway environment.

· Coyotes are not threatened or endangered in California and are classified as non-game mammals by the Dept of Fish & Game and can thus be captured using approved methods. Cage traps are not effective in capturing adult coyotes. California Dept. of Fish & Game regulations prohibit the relocation of coyotes without written permission. The USDA is an authorized/approved agency for the mediation/depredation of the coyotes in the runway environment. Furthermore, coyote depredation and/or relocation are now the responsibility of the wildlife control services contractor at March ARB.

Bird Species: Historical data collected over the past ten years identifies five bird species posing the greatest aircraft strike hazard.

· Horned Lark (Eremophila Alpestris): The Horned Lark forages entirely by walking and running on the ground, picking up items from the ground or from plants low enough to reach. Except when nesting, Horned Larks usually forage in flocks in prairies, fields and airports. They inhabit open ground, generally avoiding areas with trees or even bushes. Nests (built by the female lark) are slight depression-lined with grass, weeds, and rootlets. The inner lining of the nests are composed of fine grass or plant down. One side of the nest often has a flat "doorstep" of pebbles. Horned Larks often nest quite early in the spring. The male defends nesting territory by singing, either on the ground or while flying. The male lark flies up steeply in silence, often to several hundred feet above the ground, then hovers and circles for several minutes while singing; he finally dives steeply toward the ground. The best defense against these birds is a thick uniform grass with no bare spots. If this is not possible, civil engineering (CE) should consider coating bare spots, particularly along runways. Persistent harassment is the key to success.

· Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo Jamaicensis): Red-tailed hawks are generalists. The Red-tailed hawk is a searching raptor that perches on the sides of roads or grassy areas waiting to see its prey. It also forages in a circling, soaring flight, riding thermal updrafts like a sailplane. It prefers small diurnal mammals such as field mice, chipmunks, squirrels, and other rodents, but will take snakes, lizards, and even birds. This hawk usually nests in older, taller trees and flight line light posts where it has a wide view of its territory. Typical of all buteos, the Red-tailed hawk is a master of soaring and takes advantage of thermals and updrafts. In cooler weather, when thermals are not available, these birds rely on perch hunting.

· Gulls: During periods of heavy precipitation, gulls from the surrounding coastal areas are driven inland where they find refuge on the north and south ends of the airfield. This occurs predominately during the winter months (December through February), and the birds usually remain on base until the weather clears and the standing water dries up. Grass height should remain at 7-14 inches to discourage the presence of gulls. Persistent harassment is also necessary to discourage gulls from the airfield environment. Control of earthworms and insects (especially grasshoppers) may be accomplished if these invertebrates are found to attract gulls. Gulls should not be allowed to establish a habit of using the airfield to feed, breed or rest.

· Starlings: Starlings are found feeding and roosting on base throughout the year. Their numbers significantly increase and they become very active in the fall, particularly in October before the majority of them migrate for the winter. Starling roosts can become very active, especially at sunrise and sunset and during spring and fall migration. Seed-producing plants should not be allowed to grow on the airfield. Trapping is authorized with assistance from the US Fish and Wildlife Service.

· Bluebirds and Barn Swallows: In late summer, usually from July through the end of September, large numbers of Purple Martins and barn swallows migrate through the base. However, swallows are adept at avoiding aircraft. Mud nests should be washed from eaves, culverts, etc. with a hose before the birds begin nesting (as long as eggs are not present.) If swallows are noted resting on runways or taxiways, pyrotechnics and falconry are successful in dispersal.

BIRD/WILDLIFE CONTROL DEFINITIONS: AFPAM 91-212 outlines several bird control methods typically successful in reducing bird population levels. The following control methods are currently used at March:

· Depredation: As a last resort to control the population and reinforce March’s integrated harassment techniques, the wildlife control services contractor and 452 CEV will obtain permits outlining special terms and procedures from the appropriate state and federal agencies. These permits will be on file at the CEV office.

· Falconry/Bird Abatement: A falconry program, known as the Bird of Prey Program (BOPP), provides bird abatement for the entire airfield and the areas immediately surrounding the base. The program is contracted out to a federally-licensed master level falconer. The master falconer establishes and maintains a territory around the airfield/runway area and discourages all other bird species from entering this territory.

· Fencing: Eight-foot high chain linked fencing encloses the entire base. This fence is designed to discourage or prevent deer and all other grazing animals from entering the airfield.

· Grass Height: An effort is made to maintain grass height between 7 and 14 inches IAW AFI 91-212. The lack of precipitation does not always make this targeted grass height feasible.

· Harassment: When an immediate bird/wildlife hazard exists, the wildlife control services contractor and/or airfield management harass wildlife away from the runway/taxiway environment in an attempt to quickly drive away the wildlife from aircraft operating areas. Bio-acoustical equipment and pyrotechnic equipment to scare birds from the airdrome is also authorized and used.

· Herbicides and Growth Retardant: The Air Force is significantly reducing the amount of harmful chemicals used on its facilities. Therefore, IAW AFI 32-7064 (Integrated Natural Resources Management), the use of herbicides and growth retardant will be used only in small, localized areas. Mowing is the primary means of controlling broad-leaf and other noxious weeds. Mechanical methods of removing weeds may also be used. If chemicals are necessary, notify the environmental management flight before introduction on base. Entomology will apply the chemicals after a work order is submitted.

BIRD WATCH CONDITIONS (BWCs): AFI 91-202 defines Bird Watch Conditions. When control methods do not satisfactorily reduce bird hazards, BWCs are implemented to warn aircrew and support personnel of the current bird threat to operations. The Bird Watch Conditions are defined below, but the definitions only serve as a guide for determining the appropriate BWC:

· LOW: Normal bird activity on or above the runway with a low probability of strike hazard (fewer than 5 large birds or fewer than 15 small birds).

· MODERATE: Increased bird population in locations representing an increased potential for a strike (5 to 15 large birds or 15 to 30 small birds). These aircraft movement locations include on or above the runway, approach and departure routes, etc.

· SEVERE: High bird populations on or immediately above the active runway or other specific aircraft movement locations representing a high potential for a strike (more than 15 large birds or more than 30 small birds).

Note: The use of numbers (“5-15 large birds”) in the definition of BWCs is intended solely as a guide. One bird in any given location may drive the BWC to a higher level.

OPERATIONAL RESTRICTIONS: All aircraft operating at March (including AFRC, ANG, Aero Club, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), 144 FW and other tenant flying units) will adhere to the following restrictions. During increased bird activity, commercial, contracted, and military transient aircraft will be directed to contact the March Command Post to provide aircraft and mission-specific limitations or requirements to the 452 OG/CC to determine the most appropriate course of action based on conditions present at the time.

· BWC LOW: There are no restrictions to operations during Phase I.

· BWC MODERATE: Multiple approach and traffic pattern activity ceases. A departure and full stop approach is allowed if the departure and arrival route avoids identified bird activities. Formation takeoffs, approaches, and landings are prohibited.

· BWC SEVERE: Takeoff and landing of AFRC aircraft is prohibited.

ORGANIZATIONAL TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Scope of Taskings: Appendices A through I contain general and specific tasks for host and tenant units. Further clarification and specifications may be required and should be published as unit Operating Instructions (OIs) and/or checklists.

Organizational Responsibilities: Each tasked unit commander/manager will ensure assigned personnel are knowledgeable of their unit’s responsibilities in this plan. The intent of this plan is for all tasked organizations to aggressively emphasize and implement BASH reduction programs.

Plan Review. Each tasked unit commander/manager will review this plan annually for updates and corrections. All necessary changes should be submitted to 452 AMW/SEF not later than 1 June of each year.

APPENDIX A 452 AMW/163 RW

1. 452 AMW Commander (452 AMW/CC):

· Overall commanding authority for this OPLAN. May delegate execution authority of this plan to 452 AMW/CV.

· Alternate chairman of the Wildlife Hazard Working Group (WHWG).

2. 452 AMW Vice Wing Commander (452 AMW/CV):

· Chairman of the Wildlife Hazard Working Group (WHWG) and approves recommendations of WHWG.

· With 452 AMW/CC approval, has execution authority over this plan.

· Issues specific guidance to command post concerning actions required to implement this plan.

3. 452 AMW Command Post (452 AMW/CP):

· Notify airborne aircraft of the current BWC if MODERATE or SEVERE. In addition, Command Post will immediately notify 452 OG/CC (or higher authority) any time the BWC goes to MODERATE or SEVERE. Broadcast BWC changes to all aircraft on frequency. Ensure BASH at alternate airfields is considered prior to diverting aircraft.

· Coordinate with 452 OG/CC (or higher authority) when aircrews request initial takeoffs or full-stop landings during BWCs MODERATE or SEVERE.

· For locally-stationed weapons systems not assigned to the 452 AMW, the 452 AMW/CP will advise the senior operational authority for that weapon system of the existing threat and possible recommendations. The senior operational/unit commander for the weapons system in question will be the final approval authority for operations under increased Bird Watch Conditions.

· Notify TACC when bird conditions could result in possible aircraft diversions or delays and assign X113 delay code for delayed AMC missions. Coordinate AMC mission deviations with TACC.

· Assist airborne aircraft in determining whether to proceed to an alternate base, hold, terminate, or divert.

· Determine bird status of alternate airfields.

· Coordinate for alternate training bases during periods of increased BWC.

· Notify 452 AMW/SEF if a wildlife strike is reported at March.

4. 452 AMW Wing Plans, Programs, and Mobility (452 AMW/XP):

· Monitor developments and periodically review updates of the plan.

5. 452 AMW Wing Public Affairs (452 AMW/PA):

· Provide a public information program designed to inform base personnel and the general public on the hazards and costs of uncontrolled bird activity and measures to minimize them.

6. 452 AMW Flight Safety (452 AMW/SEF):

· Overall OPR for this OPLAN.

· Ensure base-wide compliance with AFI 91-202 and report all bird/wildlife aircraft strikes and hazards IAW AFI 91-202 and AFI 91-204.

· OPR for the Wildlife Hazard Working Group (WHWG). Members of the WHWG will meet with the vice wing commander or alternate chairman at least quarterly to review BASH metrics. These locally-developed metrics will measure or report bird hazard identification, habitat management, bird strikes and bird harassment actions occurring during the previous 90 days. These data will be thoroughly analyzed for unacceptable trends and potential corrective actions.

· If required, accomplish BASH reports for quarterly Environmental, Safety, and Occupational Health (ESOHC) briefings.

· Include BASH information annually as a minimum in the briefings and minutes of the wing safety meetings.

· Provide the WHWG with the current BASH guidance from higher headquarters, the US Fish and Wildlife Service (in conjunction with base environmental management), the Air Force BASH team (HQ AFSA/SEFW), and other agencies.

· Maintain a current bird activity map for March ARB. Provide any additional information on migratory, local, and seasonal bird activities through contact with the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Audubon Society, local ornithologists, the Air Force BASH team (HQ AFSA/SEFW) and/or other agencies.

· Monitor bird activity and strike statistics. Advise the chairman of the WHWG when a meeting is deemed necessary.

· Coordinate with aircrews, maintenance and airfield management for collection of non-fleshy remains from strikes.

· Send salvaged feather material to the Smithsonian Institution feather identification laboratory for identification. When sending post-strike remains for identification, include both the remains and the AFSAS worksheet.

· Report all birdstrikes occurring at March ARB or to 452 AMW aircraft in the Air Force Safety Automated System (AFSAS).

· Establish and maintain a continuity folder with pertinent BASH data and information to assure continuity during flight safety personnel turnover.

· Establish a Bird/Wildlife Hazard Awareness Program. This program will educate aircrews and ground personnel on the bird strike potential at March ARB and other airfields.

· Provide guidance to aircrews, maintenance, airfield management, air traffic control, and security forces personnel on their role in detecting and reporting airfield bird activity.

· Report damaging bird strikes (Class C & above) in accordance with AFI 91-202, AFI 91-204 and AFMAN 91-223.

· Recommend implementation and termination of Phase II flying operations in response to significant changes in the local bird population or bird strike potential. When Phase II is implemented or discontinued, advise 452 AMW/CV, 452 OG/CC, command post, and the airfield manager.

· Ensure a bird strike hazard advisory is transmitted to agencies that transit and fly transition at March ARB.

· Monitor the March airfield monthly for any conditions attracting birds.

· Refer to the Bird Avoidance Model (BAM) at http://www.usahas.com/bam/ and the Avian Hazard Advisory System (AHAS) website at http://www.usahas.com/ for use by wing tactics in the development of low level routes.

· Seek the assistance of the natural resource manager in the environmental management flight whenever eagles of any species are encountered. Eagle remains must be handled, packed and shipped to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s repository by the natural resource manager according to federal laws that protect all species of native eagles.

7. 163 RW Flight Safety (163 RW/SE) will:

· Provide a representative for the WHWG, and support the BASH program as appropriate.

APPENDIX B 452D OPERATIONS GROUP (OG)

1. 452D Operations Group Commander (452 OG/CC):

· Approval authority for all 452 AMW aircraft departures and arrivals during BWCs MODERATE or SEVERE and during Phase II periods of increased bird activity as provided in this plan. When advised of an increase in the Bird Watch Condition, the 452 OG/CC will identify an instructor-qualified rated officer to personally review existing bird threats and consult with airfield management to provide recommendations for launch, arrival or transition operations as scheduled to maximize operational requirements vs. safety considerations.

· Approval authority for reducing the BWC from SEVERE to a lower condition. This authority may be delegated to a higher authority in the chain of command or a designated representative as deemed appropriate by the 452 OG/CC.

· Declare, disseminate, and terminate Severe Bird Watch Conditions on March ARB training areas and low-level routes.

· Issue specific guidance to airfield operations flight on procedures for Bird Watch Conditions.

· Make operational changes to avoid areas and times of known hazardous bird concentrations.

· Implement and terminate Phase II on recommendation from wing safety. Wing safety suggests changes based on significant changes in bird populations.

· Serve as alternate chairman of the Wildlife Hazard Working Group (WHWG).

2. 452D Operations Group Standardization and Evaluation (452 OG/OGV):

· Assist 452 OSS/OST in reviewing all newly proposed low-level routes and training areas as well as changes to existing routes/areas for BASH potential.

· Regularly monitor aircrew preflight briefings to ensure BASH conditions are briefed.

· Provide command post and flying squadrons with a list of suggested alternate training bases to include special procedures and/or restrictions.

APPENDIX C 452D OPERATIONS SUPPORT SQUADRON (OSS)

1. 452D Operations Support Squadron Airlift Operations (452 OSS/OSO):

During Phase II bird watch operations, schedule local takeoffs/arrivals to avoid the moderate and severe bird activity periods. Exceptions should only be considered for unique circumstances. In these cases, only one takeoff or one landing per mission will be planned. Coordinate with TACC to schedule mission departures to avoid the BASH windows to the maximum extent possible. Per AFI 11-2C-17 Vol 3, paragraph 5.20.2., commanders establish Phase II of the BASH program during increased periods of migratory bird activity. Schedulers shall make every effort to not schedule takeoffs, landings, and low-levels from one hour before to one hour after sunrise and sunset during the Phase II period. Publish significant bird hazards in FLIP Area Planning (AP) and the IFR Supplement along with the associated airfield operating hour restrictions and avoidance instructions.

2. 452D Operations Support Squadron Combat Tactics (452 OSS/OSK):

· Use electronic Bird Avoidance Models (BAM) at http://www.usahas.com/bam/ and the Avian Hazard Advisory System (AHAS) at http://www.usahas.com/ when developing and planning low level training routes/missions.

· Annually assess the wing’s risk of bird strikes on established low-level routes and recommend modifications to maximize training and minimize risk to aircrew. Visit the BAM and AHAS internet web sites for the most current BAM and AHAS models.

3. 452D Operations Support Squadron Airfield Management (452 OSS/OSAA):

· The chief of airfield management or designated representative is the focal point for changing the Bird Watch Condition. The control tower is also authorized to make changes to the BWC. The on-duty airfield manager will determine the appropriate BWC for the base with the exception of reducing the status from SEVERE. The 452 OG/CC (or higher authority), or the OG/CC designated representative, will be the approval authority to reduce the status from SEVERE.

· The base contracted falconer(s), if present, will make recommendations to the airfield manager for changes to the BWC. Maintenance and transient alert personnel will monitor bird activity and forward significant observations to airfield management /base operations.

· The contracted falconer and airfield management/base operations personnel will inspect the airfield daily for bird hazard conditions. These inspections will be conducted with increased frequency as the bird activity increases. During Phase II periods, BASH airfield inspections should be conducted beginning one hour prior to sunrise. If takeoffs are scheduled when BASH windows are in effect, the contracted falconer and airfield management will visually inspect for bird hazards 20 minutes prior to takeoff times.

· Maintain a Bird Watch Condition status board in base operations.

· If necessary, dispatch the contracted falconer and/or base operations personnel to disperse birds away from the runway and/or taxiway environment. Use dispersal procedures according to developed checklists. Prior to using dispersal procedures, coordinate with ATC and advise when complete.

· Develop and maintain procedures to implement utilization of dispersal equipment (i.e., a step-by-step flow of increasing harassment techniques to reduce the risk of bird strikes).

· Develop and maintain a program identifying personnel who will carry out bird dispersal procedures.

· Notify command post of changes to the current BWC when it is MODERATE or SEVERE. Ensure 452 AMW/CP notifies the 452 OG/CC of changes to the current BWC when it is MODERATE or SEVERE.

· Obtain 452 OG/CC (or higher authority) approval prior to reducing the BWC from a SEVERE status.

· Notify ATC (Tower) of changes to the current BWC when it is MODERATE or SEVERE. All ATC facilities will, in accordance with FAA regulations, broadcast the BWC. This may include the use of ATIS and/or AWOS, if practical, when the condition is MODERATE or SEVERE.

· When aircrews file flight plans, notify them of significant bird activity, BASH windows, and when the BWC is MODERATE or SEVERE.

· Notify base civil engineering and/or contracted personnel of adverse airfield bird control conditions (i.e., excessive grass height, excessive drainage ditch foliage, excessive standing water, etc).

· Airfield management, the contracted falconer, and/or CEV will retrieve wildlife carcasses from taxiways and runways. Report these occurrences to 452 AMW flight safety.

· The non-fleshy remains (feathers, beak, claws) of bird carcasses from a bird strike need to be delivered to 452 AMW flight safety for identification and reporting.

4. 452D Operations Support Squadron Control Tower (452 OSS/OSAB):

· Tower personnel will maintain a bird watch in the local airfield environment, consistent with FAA Order 5200 priorities and procedures. If a hazardous bird situation develops, tower will notify all aircraft on its frequency as well as airfield management/base operations. The tower may elevate the BWC condition (i.e., LOW to MODERATE or MODERATE to SEVERE)

· Tower personnel will relay to aircraft under their control any restrictions to takeoffs, transition training, and landings during increased BWCs. In addition, during BWCs MODERATE or SEVERE, tower personnel will also relay any takeoff or landing instructions approved by the 452d OG/CC, his designated representative, or higher authority. Tower personnel will keep in mind that in a time-critical situation and at the aircraft and/or unit commander’s discretion, alert , U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and other high priority missions may accomplish a takeoff and/or landing without approval through command post from the 452 OG/CC, his designated representative, or higher authority.

· Tower will notify airfield management and/or the contracted falconer(s) whenever bird activity on the airfield requires action from the falconer and/or a bird dispersal team.

· Tower personnel will issue bird watch advisories to aircrews. Tower will broadcast the BWC of MODERATE or SEVERE on the Automated Terminal Information System (ATIS) and/or AWOS.

5. 452 Operations Support Squadron Weather Flight (452 OSS/OSW):

· The weather observer will advise airfield management/base operations personnel if flocks of birds are observed in the vicinity of the runway.

APPENDIX D 452D CIVIL ENGINEER SQUADRON (CES)

1. 452D Civil Engineer Squadron (452 CES):

· Provide natural resources representative to the WHWG to monitor and advise the group of environmental modification.

· Develop, implement, and monitor procedures for removal or control of bird/wildlife attractants.

· Initiate environmental surveys and write environmental assessments and statements as required.

· Inspect and repair the airfield fence as necessary to prevent the movement of mammals and small ground animals onto the airfield.

· Correct environmental conditions increasing BASH potential.

· Modify airfield habitat consistent with runway lateral and approach zone management criteria per AFI 32-7064. Habitat reduction to reduce BASH beyond the 1,000-foot distance criterion is desired and will further reduce BASH potential.

· Grass Height: Maintain a uniform grass height between 7 and 14 inches. HQ AMC/CE has determined 11 inches to be the optimum height to set mowing equipment in order to maintain grass height at this level. However, it may be impossible to maintain a grass height of 7 to 14 inches during periods of low precipitation.

· Determine mowing frequency as needed to maintain height requirements. Airfields with a variety of grass species may have a fast-growing strain that reaches 14 inches sooner than the rest of the airfield. Mow when the average grass height reaches 11 inches. This height discourages flocking species from entering the airfield because the reduced visibility disrupts inter-flock communication and flock integrity, and it also prevents predator detection.

· Coordinate mowing with periods of low flight activity.

· Cut grass before it goes to seed to discourage seed eating birds from utilizing the airfield.

· Do not permit grass to exceed 14 inches. High grass will attract some bird species and rodents that could attract raptors (birds of prey).

· Obtain assistance in herbicide selection for weed control, appropriate grass seed selection, fertilization, and erosion control from the US Soil Conservation Service or the Agricultural Extension Service.

· Weed Control: Keep broad-leaved weeds to a minimum on the airfield. Broad-leaved weeds attract a variety of birds, may produce seeds or berries, and may limit grass growth. Mowing will be the primary means of controlling broad-leaved weeds. Mechanical removal will be used to the maximum extent possible before applying herbicides. Herbicides will be used sparingly in small local areas IAW March’s Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP).

· Planting Bare Areas: Eliminate bare areas on the airfield. Birds frequently use bare areas as resting sites.

· Fertilizing: Selectively stimulate grasses to promote a uniform cover. Irrigation may be required to support turf growth. Control watering to enhance root production and decrease seed head production.

· Reduce Edge Effect: Edge effect refers to the highly attractive transition zone between two distinct habitat types (e.g., brush to grassland). Maintain the airfield as uniformly as possible to reduce this effect.

· Leveling of Airfield: In coordination with other agencies, level or fill high and low spots on, in or around the airfield to reduce its attractiveness to birds and prevent standing water.

· Remove Dead Vegetation: Remove dead vegetation as soon as possible. Dead vegetation provides cover for birds and other wildlife.

· Remove Dead Birds and Animals. Remove dead birds and other animals from the airfield to avoid attracting vultures or other scavengers. Forward bird strike remains to wing flight safety for identification.

· Control Pests. Invertebrates and rodents provide important food sources for many birds. CEV and civil engineering pest management section (entomology) should periodically survey and reduce these pests when required. Control bird food sources with insecticides and rodenticide under the supervision of the base pest management office and CEV with EPA-approved methods. Control should begin early in the spring. All actions should be coordinated with the base environmental management flight.

· Maintain Drainage Ditches: Regularly inspect ditches and keep them clear and obstacle free. Maintain ditch sides as steeply as possible (minimum slope ratio of 5:1 to discourage wading birds and emergent vegetation). Remove vegetation as often as necessary to maintain flow and discourage use by birds. Reference the land management plan for procedures.

· Eliminate Standing Water: Coordination with the base environmental management flight is required prior to altering wetlands. Eliminate small ponds and puddles and some large bodies of standing water to reduce attractiveness to birds. Low spot and ditch maintenance is essential.

2. 452D Civil Engineer Squadron Environment Management (452 CES/CEV):

· Inspect the “clear zone” areas of runways for bird attracting vegetation or industrial development.

· Perform quarterly checks of the airfield for conditions attracting birds and other wildlife.

· Obtain permits from appropriate state and federal agencies to depredate wildlife posing a threat to airfield operations.

· Perform actions necessary to reduce plant and animal food sources (ground squirrels, rabbits, etc) that attract birds to the airfield.

APPENDIX E 452D MAINTENANCE GROUP (452 MXG)

1. 452 AMW Maintenance Operations Center (452 MOC)

· Notify 452 AMW flight safety (452 AMW/SEF) of any wildlife strikes to aircraft discovered by 452 / 752 AMXS during pre/post-flight inspections.

2. 452D & 752D Aircraft Maintenance Squadrons (452 & 752 AMXS):

· Issue specific guidance to personnel for the reporting of all discovered bird strikes on aircraft to wing flight safety (452 AMW/SEF) utilizing the locally produced 452 AMW/SEF bird strike form.

· Issue procedures for the preservation of non-fleshy bird remains (beaks, feet or feathers) discovered on aircraft. Even the smallest feather (down) should be forwarded to wing flight safety for identification. Bird identification is often most reliable from the chest down. Deliver all non-fleshy bird remains in a sealed plastic bag to the wing flight safety office.

· Notify MOC or 452 AMW/SEF if any wildlife strikes to aircraft are discovered during pre/post-flight inspections.

APPENDIX F 452D/163D FLYING SQUADRONS

336 ARS, 912 ARS, 729 AS, and 196 RS Commanders (336/CC, 912/CC, 729/CC, 196/CC):

· Ensure safety representatives brief aircrews to promptly report all bird strikes and hazardous conditions. Ensure adequate supplies of bird strike report forms and this OPLAN are available in unit mission kits.

· Brief aircrews on seasonal bird hazards. Movies, articles, and other information will be used to maintain awareness. 452 AMW flight safety and squadron flight safety representatives may provide this information.

· Ensure all wildlife strikes (damaging and non-damaging) are reported to 452 AMW flight safety (452 AMW/SEF). 196 RS will ensure wildlife strikes are also reported to 163 RW/SEF.

APPENDIX G MARCH AERO CLUB AND U.S. CUSTOMS OPERATIONS

SITUATION: The March Aero Club and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) usually operate on runway 30/12, located adjacent to the main runway (32/14) at March ARB. CBP helicopters depart from Taxiway Alpha adjacent to their parking ramp. The runway 30/12 traffic pattern is east of the runway and flown at an altitude of 2200 MSL. March Aero Club arrivals and departures are authorized during VMC and special VFR conditions, between official sunrise and sunset. Bird aircraft strike hazards exist to a much lesser degree for these aircraft due to their lower airspeeds, reciprocating engines, and mission operations. IFR departures and arrivals are authorized for runway 32/14 only.

During BWC MODERATE, all Aero Club and CBP scheduled aircraft may depart or land after: 1) their respective management has assessed the increased risk involved, and 2) approval for an initial takeoff or a full-stop landing has been requested and received (through the March command post) from a 452D OG/CC (or higher approval authority), or the OG/CC designated representative. Airfield management and/or March ATC will advise aircraft on the anticipated delay, if known, for bird dispersal or a return to a LOW BWC.

Airborne crews will assess the bird strike risk by considering fuel status, weather, bird location, etc, before making a request for a full-stop landing.

When Phase II is in effect Aero Club, CBP management, and other flying tenant units will make every effort to assess the increased bird strike risk when scheduling departures or recoveries for flights.

Any time the March BWC is SEVERE, all flight operations (takeoffs, landings and approaches) are prohibited. Airborne aircraft will divert or hold. Deviations require 452 OG/CC (or higher authority) approval, as well as approval from CBP operations management.

When the March Bird Watch Condition is MODERATE or SEVERE all Aero Club and CBP aircrews will have the current BWC relayed to them by their dispatchers, ATIS, AWOS, airfield management/base operations personnel, and/or March ATC personnel.

COMMAND AND COMMUNICATIONS

Airfield management (452 OSS/OSAA) will be the coordinating agent for on-base bird control (harassment, grounds maintenance, habitat) for runways 30/12 and 32/14. If Aero Club or CBP requests to raise the BWC to MODERATE or SEVERE, they will immediately notify Airfield Management / Base Operations.

1. March Field Aero Club, CBP and other flying tenant unit managers will:

· Be responsible for notifying their aircrews of the BWC when the aircrews file their flight plan.

· Be the overall coordinating agent for delay, diversion, and release of their controlled aircraft based on bird activity for runways 30/12 and 32/14.

· Ensure excerpts from this attachment will be included in their respective standard operating procedures (SOPs).

· Ensure their aircrews pass known or observed bird activity within the airdrome/airfield environment to March ATC and/or airfield management/base operations personnel.

· Encourage pilots to use the BWC definitions and operational restrictions (page 8) as a guide when assessing the risk of bird hazards to flight operations at military or civilian airfields that do not have BASH programs.

· Ensure their crews report any wildlife strikes at March ARB to 452 AMW flight safety (452 AMW/SEF) at: phone (951) 655-4481, fax (951) 655-3446.

APPENDIX H SECURITY FORCES SQUADRON (SFS)

452D Security Forces Squadron Commander (452 SFS/CC):

· Have SFS personnel notify airfield management ASAP if wildlife is observed on or near the active runway.

· Have SFS personnel assist airfield management in wildlife and bird harassment, if available.

· Provide shotgun safety and familiarization training to airfield management to maintain currency in the use of a shotgun for wildlife and bird harassment.

APPENDIX I AIRCREW RESPONSIBILITIES AND PROCEDURES

· BIRD WATCH CONDITION GUIDANCE: The use of numbers (“5-15 large birds”) in the definition of a BWC is intended as only a guide. One or more large birds in any given location may elevate the BWC. Comply with the following Bird Watch Condition code actions:

· LOW: Normal bird activity on, above, or near the runway with a low probability of hazard (as a guide, fewer than 5 large birds or fewer than 15 small birds).

· There are no restrictions to operations.

· MODERATE: Increased bird population in locations representing an increased potential for a strike (as a guide, 5 to 15 large birds or 15 to 30 small birds).

· All local IFR/VFR traffic pattern transition activity will cease.

· Airborne aircraft/crews will terminate transition training in the March local pattern.

· For training missions 452 OG/CC (or higher authority), or the 452 OG/CC designated representative, will be the final approval authority for initial takeoffs and full-stop landings during BWC MODERATE. Aircraft commanders on training missions will call command post to request 452 OG/CC approval for initial takeoffs and/or full-stop landings during BWC MODERATE.

· For alert, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and other high priority missions permission for takeoffs and landings will still be obtained through March command post unless a time-critical departure or landing is required. In a time critical situation, the aircraft commander may execute a takeoff or landing at their own unit commander’s or management’s discretion after evaluating the increased bird hazard reported.

· Aircraft commanders may request reassessment of bird conditions at any time by calling March ATC or airfield management/base operations personnel.

· March ATC, command post, and airfield management will advise aircraft on the anticipated delay, if known, for a return to BWC LOW.

· Aircraft commanders should assess all factors before accepting the risk of a takeoff or landing during periods of elevated BWC.

· SEVERE: High bird populations on or immediately above the active runway or other specific aircraft movement locations representing a high potential for an aircraft bird strike (as a guide, more than 15 large birds or more than 30 small birds).

· For training missions all takeoffs and landings are prohibited.

· For alert, CBP, and other high priority missions permission for takeoffs and landings will still be obtained through March command post unless a time-critical departure or landing is required. In a time critical situation, the aircraft commander may execute a takeoff or landing at their own unit commander’s or management’s discretion after evaluating the increased bird hazard reported.

· Airborne aircraft on training missions will hold or divert. Consideration should be given to fuel, weather, or any other circumstances placing the crew at equal or greater risk.

· Airfield management and/or the contracted falconer will aggressively pursue dispersal objectives to minimize operational impact.

Note: Check the BWC status before flight. Information is available from airfield management / base operations, March ATC, and the command post. The aircraft commander is responsible for securing off-station bird activity status. Information is also available on the USAHAS website.

Note: The control tower will verify with command post an aircraft’s approval to takeoff or land when operating under BWCs MODERATE or SEVERE. Obtaining waiver approval is the responsibility of the aircraft commander.

· OFF-STATION LOCATIONS: Aircrews experiencing enroute bird strikes should abort the mission when possible. While engine ingestion or a windscreen strike may readily be apparent from the flight deck, the damage resulting from fuselage, wing, tail or radome strikes cannot be adequately assessed. Continuing a mission may cause greater structural damage and a serious in-flight emergency situation later. Since USAF BASH programs are not usually established at non-DOD airfields, aircrew awareness is the best method to avoid a bird strike. Generally, bird activity is at its highest one hour before to one hour after sunrise and sunset. Aircrews should avoid proficiency training at non-DOD airfields during this sunrise/sunset period. In addition, missions should be scheduled to avoid known peak bird activity periods for particular airfields. Base operations, tower facilities, aircrew publications, the Airfield Suitability and Restrictions Report (ASRR), and the USAHAS website provide a good source of information on bird activity periods for both USAF and non-USAF locations. Prior to transitioning non-DOD airfields, planner/aircrews will obtain any available bird activity information prior to and during operations at those airfields. Upon arrival at an airfield, aircraft commanders must recheck the bird hazard condition by any means available. Air Terminal Information Service (ATIS) usually broadcasts increased bird activity. Aircrews experiencing high bird activity at off-station locations will advise the controllers of the bird activity so they can announce this information to other aircrews and update the ATIS as necessary. After the mission, aircrews should notify their respective safety office BASH representative concerning any high bird activity.

Note: For AMC/AFRC tasked missions, approval authority at non-AMC locations lies solely with the AMC/DO. Aircrews requesting waivers while at non-AMC locations will coordinate with the AMC/DO through the TACC. Recommended guidance during SEVERE BWC is to delay departures and arrivals until BWC is MODERATE or less.

· LOW-LEVEL/BIRD AVOIDANCE MODELS: Prior to flying any low-level route, aircrews are required to check the Bird Avoidance Model (BAM) and USAHAS for the scheduled route. BAM information is to be used for risk assessment and has no inherent restrictions or limitations. Further information may be obtained from the National Wildlife Research Center (see flight crew bulletins for details). They can provide BAM information on airfields, military training routes (MTRs), military operational areas (MOA), restricted areas, and other areas of concern. Strike hazards for low level routes in the U.S. can also be viewed at the following web site: www.usahas.com.

· FORMATION CONSIDERATIONS: Formation departures increase the risk of damaging bird strikes when birds are feeding or loafing on or near the runway. During BWC SEVERE or MODERATE, aircrews should consider making single-ship departures.