Environmental_Assessment.pdf

Project No. PC3323

ORANGE CITY PARCELS

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

Parcel #’s 801017030150, 801017030130, 801017030100, 801017040030, 801017040050, 801108300190, 801017040100, 801017040070, 801017040080, & 801017040010

ORANGE CITY, VOLUSIA COUNTY, FLORIDA

Prepared for:

Volusia County Brittany Louis

121 W Rich Avenue Deland, Florida, 32720

Prepared by:

Ecological Associates, Inc.

P.O. Box 405

Jensen Beach, Florida 34958

(772) 334-3729 erp@ecological-associates.com

August 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2.0 INTRODUCTION

3.0 SITE DESCRIPTION

3.1 Upland Habitat

3.2 Soils and Hydrology

4.0 THREATENED, ENDANGERED AND PROTECTED SPECIES

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITTING ASSESSMENT

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

SITE LOCATION MAP .......................................................................... FIGURE 1 LAND USE MAP .................................................................................... FIGURE 2

APPENDIX B

SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ..................................................................... APPENDIX B

APPENDIX C

NRCS SOIL REPORT ....................................................................... APPENDIX C

APPENDIX D

IPAC REPORT .................................................................................. APPENDIX D

Orange City Project No. PC3323 August 17, 2023 Page 3

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Ecological Associates, Inc. (EAI) completed this Environmental Assessment on approximately 6.68 acres of undeveloped residential properties on 10 parcels located near S Carpenter Avenue in Orange City, Volusia County, Florida.

Based on our assessment, the current environmental conditions at the Site do not provide suitable habitat for any federally listed species and no other listed species, including gopher tortoises, were observed onsite. The site contains suitable gopher tortoise habitat, therefore preconstruction surveys for the gopher tortoise are recommended prior to beginning any proposed work on the property.

Numerous mature trees are located on the Site and an Orange City tree removal permit will be required for the removal of any specimen trees. Additionally, according to the Volusia County Code of Ordinances Chapter 72, Article III, Division 10, Section 72-837, fifteen percent of the square footage of any development shall be designated for the protection of trees.

2.0 INTRODUCTION

Ecological Associates, Inc. (EAI) conducted an environmental assessment on 10 parcels adding up to approximately 6.68 acres (Site) located near S Carpenter Avenue Orange City, Volusia County Florida (Parcel #’s 801017030150, 801017030130, 801017030100, 801017040030, 801017040050, 801108300190, 801017040100, 801017040070, 801017040080, & 801017040010). Please refer to the Site Location Map (Figure 1) in Appendix A. The Site is located within a residential area and consists of undeveloped forested lands.

EAI evaluated the project area for environmental resources using available desktop data, including the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI), the Florida Cooperative Land Cover Map (CLC), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Web Soil Survey, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) Map Direct, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Information for Planning and Consultation (IPaC), Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI), and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Following the desktop review, qualified biologists conducted a field survey for protected environmental resources within the project site on August 7, 2023. Representative site photographs are included in Appendix B and their locations are included in the Site Location Map in Appendix A.

3.0 SITE DESCRIPTION

EAI evaluated the project area for land resources using the NWI, CLC, NRCS Web Soil Survey, and FDEP Map Direct prior to conducting the field survey. During the field survey, the Site was evaluated for the presence of wetlands, trees requiring a permit to relocate/remove, and listed species along with their habitats. The vegetative communities were mapped according to the CLC and were verified in the field. The FWC mapped the

August 17, 2023 Page 4 on-site land use as 1150-Xeric Hammock, 1840-Transportation, and 18221-Residential, Medium Density. Please refer to the Land Use Map (Figure 2) in Appendix A.

3.1 Upland Habitat

The Site contains approximately 6.68 acres of upland habitat and dominant vegetation included live oak (Quercus virginiana), sand live oak (Quercus geminate), cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), and grapevine (Vitis rotundifolia).

3.2 Soils and Hydrology

The NRCS Soil Survey of Volusia County mapped on-site soils as Astatula fine sand and Paola fine sand, which are both non-hydric soils that support sand pine scrub and xeric uplands. Please refer to the complete NRCS Soil Report in Appendix C. NRCS describes the mapped soil units as follows: Astatula fine sand is an excessively drained soil types that is found on slopes (0 to 8%) and marine terraces, hills, and ridges, and the water table is more than 80 inches deep year-round. Paola fine sand is an excessively drained soil type that is found on slopes (0 to 8%) and marine terrace ridges and knolls, and the water table is more than 80 inches deep year-round. No wetlands were observed on or adjacent to the property and NWI did not list any wetlands on the Site, therefore, no soil plugs were taken during the site visit.

4.0 THREATENED, ENDANGERED AND PROTECTED SPECIES

Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), species may be listed as either endangered or threatened. “Endangered” means a species is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. “Threatened” means a species is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future. All species of plants and animals, except pest insects, are eligible for listing as endangered or threatened. For the purposes of the ESA, Congress defined species to include subspecies, varieties, and, for vertebrates, distinct population segments. EAI evaluated the potential presence of listed species by observations made the day of the site visit and by performing an online records review of the FWC Geographic Information System (GIS) records, the Audubon Florida Eagle Watch Nest Map, FWC Imperiled Species Management Plan, FNAI, and USFWS Information for Planning and Conservation (IPaC). Please refer to Appendix D for the complete IPaC Report.

Based on EAI’s assessment, the current environmental conditions at the site do not provide suitable habitat for any of the federally listed species listed in the IPaC Report, and only marginally provide suitable habitat for two state-listed species, the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) and the Florida pine snake (Pituophis melanoleucus).

The Florida pine snake is a large, nonvenomous snake that is listed as State Threatened by FWC and is often found in open areas with well-drained sandy soils including scrub and

August 17, 2023 Page 5 sandhill habitats. No Florida pine snakes were observed during the site visit and much of the Site provides only marginal habitat due to fire suppression. FWC does not currently have permitting guidelines nor survey regulations for this species.

The gopher tortoise is listed as State Threatened by FWC and is a medium-sized tortoise that can be found throughout Florida. This species digs long and deep burrows in upland habitats with well drained, sandy soils, and is often found in sandhills, scrub, pine flatwoods, and dry prairies. No gopher tortoises were observed during the site visit however, a gopher tortoise survey in accordance with FWC’s Gopher Tortoise Permitting Guidelines (Revised April 2023) of those areas offering suitable habitat is recommended prior to any clearing activities. No groundbreaking, grading, backfilling, staging or storing of equipment, or vehicular traffic shall occur within 25 feet of any identified burrows.

According to FWC regulations, relocation of gopher tortoises is not necessary if construction activities can avoid impacts within a 25-foot radius around the burrow entrance. However, if impacts to any burrow cannot be avoided, then a gopher tortoise relocation permit is required from FWC.

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITTING ASSESSMENT

Land Clearing In preparation for construction, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program addresses water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants to waters of the United States. An FDEP NDPES permit will be required for any groundbreaking or land disturbance of one acre or more of land. Any disturbance or groundbreaking activity over five acres or more will require a Construction Generic Permit with the FDEP. In addition, a consumptive water use permit from the St.

Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) may be required for any planned dewatering for construction.

Wildlife State consultation for listed species may be initiated during the environmental resource permitting process. If it is determined that listed species will be affected by the proposed project, authorization of “incidental take” may be required. USFWS and/or FWC may require mitigation should they determine that the project may adversely affect listed species. Preconstruction surveys for the gopher tortoise are recommended prior to beginning any proposed work on the property.

Canopy Mitigation EAI observed regulated trees, including mature live oaks and slash pines, within the Site requiring a tree removal/relocation permit from the Orange City Building Division.

Canopy removal requires replacement, and if sufficient canopy replacement cannot be provided on-site via landscaping plans, a financial contribution into the Volusia County Tree Replacement Trust Fund can be provided to offset canopy loss.

APPENDIX A

Orange City Environmental Assessment Orange City, Volusia County, Florida

Site Location Map Project No. 23-5383

Drawn By: N. Munagala

Layer Source: ESRI, VCPA 2023

Figure No. 1

Date: 8/17/2023

Scale:

S C ar pe nt er

A ve

Sandy Pines Dr

Bennett Ave

W Ohio Ave

Photograph 1

Photograph 2

Photograph 3

Photograph 4

Photograph 5

Photograph 6

Earthstar Geographics, State of Florida, Maxar, Microsoft Aerial Date: 2021

N

0 90 18045 US Feet

Legend Photograph Location

Volusia County Boundary

Property Boundary

Land Use Map Project No. 23-5383

Drawn By: N. Munagala

Layer Source: ESRI, FWC 2022, VCPA 2023

Figure No. 2

Date: 8/17/2023

Scale:

State of Florida, Maxar, Microsoft

± 0 90 18045 US Feet

N

Legend Property Boundary (6.68 ac)

1150 - Xeric Hammock (6.29 ac)

1840 - Transportation (0.08 ac)

18221 - Residential, Med.

Density - 2-5 Dwelling Units/AC (0.31 ac)

Aerial Date: 2021

Orange City Environmental Assessment Orange City, Volusia County, Florida

APPENDIX B

Appendix C

Orange City Environmental Assessment Site Photographs

August 7, 2023 1

Photograph 1 – View of ground cover vegetation found in project area facing west.

Representative of the project area.

Photograph 2 – View of mammal burrow. Representative of mammal burrows found throughout the project area.

August 7, 2023 2

Photograph 3 – View of debris found throughout the project area, facing west.

Photograph 4 – View of fallen vegetation in the project area facing north. Representative view of vegetative debris found throughout project area.

August 7, 2023 3

Photograph 5 – View of vegetative cover facing south. Representative of types of vegetation found throughout the project area.

Photograph 6 – View of vegetation and ground cover facing south. Representative view of the project area.

APPENDIX C

United States Department of Agriculture

A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants

Custom Soil Resource Report for

Volusia County, Florida Orange City Parcels

Natural Resources Conservation Service

August 17, 2023

Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.

They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.

Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.

The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?

cid=nrcs142p2_053951).

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/ http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/ https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?cid=nrcs142p2_053951 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?cid=nrcs142p2_053951 alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Contents Preface How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil Map

Soil Map Legend Map Unit Legend Map Unit Descriptions

Volusia County, Florida 4—Astatula fine sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes 42—Paola fine sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes

References

How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.

Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).

Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research.

The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.

The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.

These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.

Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.

Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and

Custom Soil Resource Report identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.

Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.

Soil Map

470470 470500 470530 470560 470590 470620 470650 470680

470470 470500 470530 470560 470590 470620 470650 470680

28° 56' 21'' N

8'

1' ' W

28° 56' 21'' N

8'

'' W

28° 56' 11'' N

8'

1' ' W

28° 56' 11'' N

8'

'' W

N

Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 17N WGS84 0 50 100 200 300

Feet 0 20 40 80 120

Meters Map Scale: 1:1,500 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.

Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.

MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION

Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI)

Soils Soil Map Unit Polygons

Soil Map Unit Lines

Soil Map Unit Points

Special Point Features Blowout

Borrow Pit

Clay Spot

Closed Depression

Gravel Pit

Gravelly Spot

Landfill

Lava Flow

Marsh or swamp

Mine or Quarry

Miscellaneous Water

Perennial Water

Rock Outcrop

Saline Spot

Sandy Spot

Severely Eroded Spot

Sinkhole

Slide or Slip

Sodic Spot

Spoil Area

Stony Spot

Very Stony Spot

Wet Spot

Other

Special Line Features

Water Features Streams and Canals

Transportation Rails

Interstate Highways

US Routes

Major Roads

Local Roads

Background Aerial Photography

The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:20,000.

Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.

Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale.

Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements.

Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL:

Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)

Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required.

This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below.

Soil Survey Area: Volusia County, Florida Survey Area Data: Version 21, Sep 2, 2022

Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger.

Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jan 6, 2022—Mar 21, The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.

Map Unit Legend

Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI

4 Astatula fine sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes

5.0 75.6%

42 Paola fine sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes

1.6 24.4%

Totals for Area of Interest 6.7 100.0%

Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.

Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.

Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.

These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.

An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.

Volusia County, Florida

4—Astatula fine sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2xnrg Elevation: 30 to 150 feet Mean annual precipitation: 53 to 61 inches Mean annual air temperature: 66 to 73 degrees F Frost-free period: 285 to 315 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit Composition Astatula and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Astatula

Setting Landform: Marine terraces, hills, ridges Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear, convex Parent material: Eolian or sandy marine deposits

Typical profile A - 0 to 2 inches: fine sand C - 2 to 81 inches: fine sand

Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 8 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Excessively drained Runoff class: Negligible Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very high (19.98 to

50.02 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Maximum salinity: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum: 4.0 Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 4.8 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s Hydrologic Soil Group: A Forage suitability group: Sandy soils on ridges and dunes of xeric uplands

(G155XB111FL)

Other vegetative classification: Sand Pine Scrub (R155XY001FL), Sandy soils on ridges and dunes of xeric uplands (G155XB111FL) Hydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

Apopka Percent of map unit: 6 percent Landform: Hills, ridges, marine terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear, convex Other vegetative classification: Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Hills (R154XY002FL), Sandy soils on ridges and dunes of xeric uplands (G154XB111FL) Hydric soil rating: No

Orsino Percent of map unit: 6 percent Landform: Ridges, hills, marine terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Other vegetative classification: Sand Pine Scrub (R155XY001FL), Sandy soils on ridges and dunes of xeric uplands (G155XB111FL) Hydric soil rating: No

Paola Percent of map unit: 3 percent Landform: Hills, ridges, marine terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear, convex Other vegetative classification: Sand Pine Scrub (R155XY001FL), Sandy soils on ridges and dunes of xeric uplands (G155XB111FL) Hydric soil rating: No

42—Paola fine sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2tzwh Elevation: 0 to 110 feet Mean annual precipitation: 44 to 68 inches Mean annual air temperature: 68 to 77 degrees F Frost-free period: 350 to 365 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit Composition Paola and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Paola

Setting Landform: Knolls on marine terraces, ridges on marine terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope, riser Down-slope shape: Convex, linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Sandy marine deposits

Typical profile A - 0 to 6 inches: fine sand E - 6 to 26 inches: fine sand B/E - 26 to 80 inches: fine sand

Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 8 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Excessively drained Runoff class: Negligible Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very high (20.00 to

50.02 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Maximum salinity: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum: 4.0 Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 4.8 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s Hydrologic Soil Group: A Forage suitability group: Sandy soils on ridges and dunes of xeric uplands

(G155XB111FL)

Other vegetative classification: Sand Pine Scrub (R155XY001FL), Sandy soils on ridges and dunes of xeric uplands (G155XB111FL) Hydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

Astatula Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Ridges on marine terraces, hills on marine terraces, knolls on marine terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope, riser, rise Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear Other vegetative classification: Sandy soils on ridges and dunes of xeric uplands

(G155XB111FL)

Hydric soil rating: No

Cassia Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Knolls on marine terraces, rises on marine terraces

Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, talf Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear Other vegetative classification: Sand Pine Scrub (R155XY001FL), Sandy soils on rises and knolls of mesic uplands (G155XB131FL) Hydric soil rating: No

Candler Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Ridges on marine terraces, hills on marine terraces, knolls on marine terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve, side slope, riser, rise Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear Other vegetative classification: Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Hills (R154XY002FL), Sandy soils on ridges and dunes of xeric uplands (G155XB111FL) Hydric soil rating: No

References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).

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Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.

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Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States.

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U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262

Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577

Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580

Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section.

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United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook

296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?

cid=nrcs142p2_053624

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf

Custom Soil Resource Report http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053624 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053624 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf

APPENDIX D

References