Bridge Inspection Report.pdf

BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT

TOMS CREEK BRIDGE

U.S. ROUTE 209 OVER TOMS CREEK

DELAWARE WATER GAP NATIONAL RECREATION AREA

LN

STRUCTURE NO. 4320-010P

INSPECTION TYPE: ROUTINE

INSPECTION DATE: 10/23/07

Federal Highway Administration

Report prepared by: ED

MILE POINT:

KILOMETER POINT:

4.90 7.89

Federal Lands Bridge Office Bridge Inspection and Management Program 21400 Ridgetop Circle Sterling, Virginia 20166 http://www.efl.fhwa.dot.gov/FLHBO/BIP

STRUCTURE SUMMARY STRUCTURE NO. 4320-010P

TOMS CREEK BRIDGE INSPECTION DATE: 10/23/07

BRIDGE IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION

MAIN SPAN MATERIAL: ....... CONCRETE NO. OF MAIN SPANS:

MAIN SPAN TYPE: ............... TEE BEAM NO. OF APPR. SPANS:

# OF BEAMS, MAIN SPAN: .. 8 STRUCT. TOTAL LENGTH: .. 32.3 FT (9.8 M)

DECK TYPE: ......................... CONCRETE CAST-IN-PLACE MAX. SPAN LENGTH: .......... 32.3 FT (9.8 M)

WEARING SURFACE: .......... BITUMINOUS DECK WIDTH: ...................... 34.9 FT (10.6 M)

ABUT. FOUNDATIONS: ........ UNKNOWN CURB TO CURB WIDTH: ..... 32.3 FT (9.8 M)

PIER FOUNDATION(S): ........ N/A YEAR BUILT:

ABUTMENT / PIER MAT'L: ... CONCRETE YEAR RECONSTRUCTED: .. N/A

PROJ./PLAN REF. NO: ......... PRA-DEWA 14 / SKEW ANGLE: ..................... 30 °

NPS ROAD CLASS: .............. PRINCIPAL PARK ROAD FRACTURE CRITICAL: ........ NO

STRUCTURE HISTORY: ...... 1987-BRIDGE RAIL REPAIR/REPLACEMENT. 2007-LOAD TEST, CRACK MONITOR INSTALLED.

LOCATION

DELAWARE WATER GAP NATIONAL RECREATION AREA MILE POINT: ..................... 4.90 (KM PT 7.89)

STATE: ................................. PENNSYLVANIA LOCATION: 4.9 MILES NORTH OF SOUTH PARK

ENTRANCE. FACILITY CARRIED: ............ U.S. ROUTE 209

FEATURE INTERSECTED: .. TOMS CREEK

STRUCTURE EVALUATION SUMMARY

This bridge is in very poor condition due to widespread severe deterioration of the structural concrete, as well as erosion and undermining at the approaches, and scour at the abutments. This bridge is scheduled for replacement in the near future under Project No. PRA-DEWA 14(10). The condition of the bridge will continue to be monitored until it is replaced.

INSPECTION TEAM: G. GOODLIN, N. JANSEN

CONDITION ASSESSMENT:

GARY J. GOODLIN, FIELD TEAM LEADER 703-404-6253

REPORT REVIEW:

MARCUS MILLER, P.E., LEAD STRUCTURAL ENGINEER 703-404-6252

REPORT APPROVAL: DATE: 3/10/08

JOHN R. THIEL, P.E., BRIDGE MANAGEMENT ENGINEER 703-404-6251

RECOMMENDATIONS AND ESTIMATED COSTS STRUCTURE NO. 4320-010P

226 PRIORITY OF IMPROVEMENT B

A (Critical) - Structure is closed, in imminent danger of collapse, or presents a critical safety hazard.

B (Major) - Structure is seriously deficient or presents a safety hazard, but can remain in service at reduced loads or with frequent inspections.

C (Moderate) - Structure is deficient, functionally obsolete, or requires substantial repairs to prevent a serious deficiency or unsafe condition.

D (Minor) - Structure is generally in good condition. Preventative maintenance may be required.

E (Special) - Structure is under construction or reconstruction.

ITEM

NO.

MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS

(GENERALLY NOT FLHP ELIGIBLE)

QTY. UNIT

COST

UNIT

ESTIMATE

COST

PRELIM.

PRELIM. MAINTENANCE TOTAL :

ITEM

NO.

REHABILITATION/RECONSTRUCTION

(TYPICALLY NEEDED WITHIN 5 YEARS)

QTY. UNIT UNIT

COST ESTIMATES

PRELIM. COST

REHAB. RECONSTR.

58, 59, 60 REPLACE STRUCTURE (SEE REMARKS BELOW). 1 LS $1,000,000 $1,000,000 $0

PRELIM. REHABILITATION/RECONSTRUCTION TOTAL : $1,000,000 $0

COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY

PRELIM. MAINTENANCE TOTAL:

PRELIM. REHABILITATION TOTAL:

PRELIM. RECONSTRUCTION TOTAL:

TOTAL ITEMIZED COSTS: ..................... $1,000,000

$0 $1,000,000

$0 PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE TOTAL* :

(*Includes typical contract costs for mobilization, traffic control, and design/construction engineering; but does not include detour bridges, work beyond the bridge limits, or work not listed above. Estimates are approximate and are for preliminary planning purposes only; they should not be used as a complete or final engineers estimate.)

$2,000,000

REMARKS: This structure is scheduled for replacement in the near future under Project No. PRA-DEWA 14(10).

FIELD INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 4320-010P

INSPECTION DATE: 10/23/07

CONDITION RATING CODES FOR ITEMS 58 - 62, 222, 223

N NOT APPLICABLE 3 SERIOUS CONDITION - loss of section, deterioration, spalling, or scour have seriously affected primary structural components. Local failures are possible.

9 EXCELLENT CONDITION Fatigue cracks in steel or shear cracks in concrete may be present.

8 VERY GOOD CONDITION - no problems noted. 2 CRITICAL CONDITION - advanced deterioration of primary structural elements. Fatigue cracks in steel or shear cracks in concrete may be present

7 GOOD CONDITION - some minor problems. or scour may have removed substructure support. Unless closely monitored it may be necessary to close the structure until corrective action can be taken.

6 SATISFACTORY CONDITION - structural elements show some minor deterioration. 1 “IMMINENT” FAILURE CONDITION - major deterioration or section loss present in critical structural components or obvious vertical or horizontal

5 FAIR CONDITION - all primary structural elements are sound but may have movement affecting structure stability. Structure is closed to traffic but minor section loss, cracking, spalling, or scour. corrective action may return structure to light service.

4 POOR CONDITION - advanced section loss, deterioration, spalling, or scour. 0 FAILED CONDITION - out of service; beyond corrective action.

CONDITION RATING CODE EQUIVALENTS FOR SUB-ELEMENTS

G = GOOD (CODES 7 - 9) F = FAIR (CODES 5 - 6) P = POOR (CODES 0 - 4)

58. DECK 4

ABUTMENTS

ITEM REFERENCE AND REMARKS

P1. DECK SLAB

N2. EXPANSION JOINTS

P3. WEARING SURFACE

G4. RIDEABILITY

N5. CURBS, SIDEWALKS, AND MEDIAN

F6. PARAPETS AND/OR RAILINGS

F7. DRAINS AND DRAINAGE

N8. UTILITIES

G9. DEFLECTION AND/OR VIBRATION

N10. OTHER

59. SUPERSTRUCTURE 3

F1. BEARING DEVICES

P2. GIRDERS OR BEAMS

N3. ARCH(ES) OR SLAB(S)

N4. FLOOR BEAMS AND STRINGERS

N5. TRUSSES

F6. DIAPHRAGMS AND BRACING

N7. PAINT

N8. FASCIA(E)

G9. DEFLECTION AND/OR VIBRATION

G10. ALIGNMENT

N11. OTHER

60. SUBSTRUCTURE 6

58.1 MODERATE TRANSVERSE AND LONGITUDINAL CRACKING AND

SEVERAL SPALLS WITH RUST STAINS, EFFLORESCENCE, AND

EXPOSED REBAR ON UNDERSIDE OF DECK.

58.3,4 NEW ASPHALT WEARING SURFACE OVER STRUCTURE AND IN

BOTH APPROACHES.

58.6 MINOR DETERIORATION OF EXPANSION JOINT FILLER IN

PARAPETS; MODERATE AT NORTHEAST ENDWALL. NORTHWEST

PARAPET ENDWALL HAS ROTATED OUTWARD APPROXIMATELY 1.5"

DUE TO SETTLEMENT. SOUTHEAST PARAPET ENDWALL IS

ROTATED AND UNDERMINED.

58.7 MINOR TO MODERATE VEGETATION GROWTH AND MINOR DEBRIS

ACCUMULATION IN CURBLINES.

59.1 MODERATE RUSTING OF BEARINGS.

59.2,6 SEVERE CRACKING (UP TO 1/16" WIDE) AND MINOR SPALLING

THROUGHOUT BEAMS AND DIAPHRAGMS WITH SEVERE

EFFLORESCENCE. SEVERE SPALLING WITH EXPOSED REBAR ON

ENDS OF DOWNSTREAM FASCIA BEAM BY DECK DRAINS. SEVERE

SPALL AT NORTH END OF UPSTREAM FASCIA BEAM.

60.1 UP TO 1/8" WIDE VERTICAL CRACKING THROUGHOUT ABUTMENT

BREASTWALLS. MODERATE EFFLORESCENCE FROM BEARING

SEATS.

60.6 SEVERE CRACKING (UP TO 1" WIDE) AND EFFLORESCENCE ON

SOUTHEAST WINGWALL. MODERATE CRACKING OF OTHER

WINGWALLS WITH EFFLORESCENCE.

60.9 STREAM FLOWS AGAINST SOUTHWEST WINGWALL, THEN

CROSSES TO FLOW ALONG NORTH ABUTMENT. TOP OF

STONE-PAVED APRON HAS BEEN EXPOSED AT DOWNSTREAM

CORNER OF NORTH ABUTMENT AND UPSTREAM CORNER OF

SOUTH ABUTMENT.

1. BREASTWALLS OR COLUMNS F

2. PILE BENTS N

3. CAPS AND/OR BEARING SEATS G

4. BACKWALLS AND/OR BULKHEADS G

5. FOUNDATIONS G

6. WINGWALLS F

7. WEEP HOLES G

8. EXPANSION JOINTS N

9. EROSION AND/OR SCOUR F

10. SETTLEMENT OR DEFLECTION G

11. SLOPE PROTECTION N

12. OTHER N

PIER(S)

WALLS AND/OR COLUMNS 13. N

PILE BENTS14. N

CAPS AND/OR BEARING SEATS15. N

FOUNDATIONS16. N

EROSION AND/OR SCOUR17. N

SETTLEMENT OR DEFLECTION18. N

OTHER 19. N

INSPECTION DATE: 10/23/07

STRUCTURE NO. 4320-010PFIELD INSPECTION REPORT

ITEM REFERENCE AND REMARKS

AVERAGE CLEAR OPENING 8.

7. NORMAL VELOCITY

ADEQUACY OF OPENING 6.

5. OTHER

4. WATERWAY OBSTRUCTIONS

CHANNEL PROTECTION3.

EROSION AND/OR SCOUR2.

ALIGNMENT1.

61. CHANNEL 6

F F G G N

MED

SUFF

9 FT.

9. STREAM BED COMPOSITION :

ROCK

222. APPROACHES 7

OTHER 9.

ALIGNMENT 8.

SIGNS7.

SETTLEMENT 6.

EROSION5.

SURFACING4.

APPROACH GUARDRAIL 3.

2. RELIEF JOINTS

APPROACH SLABS1. F

N N G F G G G N

223. RETAINING WALL N

OTHER 6.

SETTLEMENT OR DEFLECTION5.

EROSION AND/OR SCOUR4.

FOUNDATION3.

WEEP HOLES2.

1. WALL

36. TRAFFIC AND SAFETY FEATURES

APPROACH GUARDRAIL ENDSD.

APPROACH GUARDRAILSC.

TRANSITIONSB.

BRIDGE RAILINGSA. 1

N N N

61.1,2 SEE 60.9.

222.1,5 UNDERMINING OF SOUTH APPROACH SLAB AT EAST SHOULDER

HAS BEEN PATCHED. SLAB HAS MODERATE CRACKING.

222.4 NEW ASPHALT PAVEMENT AT BOTH APPROACHES.

222.7 TYPE 3 OBJECT MARKERS AT ALL 4 CORNERS OF STRUCTURE;

SOME OBSCURING BY VEGETATION GROWTH.

TRAFFIC SAFETY RATING CODES

N

Does not meet standards or a safety feature is required and none is provided.

Meets currently acceptable standards.

Not applicable or a safety feature is not required.

STRUCTURE LOAD RATING STRUCTURE NO. 4320-010P

TRUCK TYPE

INVENTORY RATING (NORMAL TRAFFIC) OPERATING RATING (MAXIMUM LOAD)

TONS METRIC TONS TONS METRIC TONS

H 15 14 20 19

HS 23 21 31 28

TYPE 3 20 18 27 25

TYPE 3S2 30 27 40 37

TYPE 3-3 39 36 53 48

DESIGN LOADING: OTHER OR UNKNOWN (H20 ASSUMED - SEE REMARKS)

CAPACITY MEETS OR EXCEEDS DESIGN LOAD

X CAPACITY IS LESS THAN DESIGN LOAD

ORIGINAL LOAD RATING CALCULATION APPLICABLE

ORIGINAL LOAD RATING CALCULATION REVISED

DATE OF LOAD RATING CALCULATION:

LOAD RATING CONTROLLED BY:

REMARKS: DESIGN LOADING IS UNKNOWN; ASSUMPTION IS BASED ON STRUCTURE TYPE, LOCATION, AGE, AND CONDITION. LOAD CAPACITY HAS BEEN REDUCED DUE TO POOR CONDITION OF SUPERSTRUCTURE.

STRUCTURE INVENTORY AND APPRAISAL STRUCTURE NO. 4320-010P

STRUCTURE IDENTIFICATION

(201) PARK: DELAWARE WATER GAP NATIONAL RECREATION AREA

(202) STRUCTURE NAME: .......... TOMS CREEK BRIDGE

(203) STRUCTURE KIND: ............ 1 - BRIDGE

(204) STRUCTURE NUMBER: ..... 4320-010P

(205) NPS REGION: .................... 3 - NORTHEAST

(206) ROUTE CODE NUMBER: ... 14

(207) ROAD SECTION NO: .......... 010P

(208) NPS ROAD CLASS: ............ 1 - PRINCIPAL PARK ROAD

(209) WITHIN NPS BNDRY?: ....... YES

(210) OPERATING UNIT: ............. PARK

(211) PROJECT NO(S): ................ PRA-DEWA 14

(212) DRAWING NUMBERS:

(21) MAINTAINED BY: ................. 66 - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

(22) OWNER: ............................... 66 - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

(1) STATE:

(2) STATE HWY. AGENCY DIST:

(3) COUNTY CODE:

(4) CITY/PLACE CODE:

(5) INVENTORY ROUTE:

(6) FEATURES INTERSECTED:

(7) FACILITY CARRIED:

(8) STATE STRUCTURE NO:

(9) LOCATION:

(10) INV. RTE. - MIN. VERT. CLR: ..

(11) MILE POINT:

(27) YEAR BUILT:

(106) YEAR RECONSTRUCTED:

(20) TOLL:

(37) HISTORICAL DESIGNATION: ..

423 - PENNSYLVANIA (PA)

103 - PIKE

161000140

TOMS CREEK

U.S. ROUTE 209

4320010P0000000

4.9 MILES NORTH OF SOUTH

99.99 FT (99.99 M)

4.90 (KM PT 7.89)

N/A

3 - FREE ROAD

5 - NOT ELIGIBLE

STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION, FOUNDATION, AND DECK TYPE

(43A) MAIN STR. MATERIAL: ..

(43B) MAIN STR. TYPE:

(45) NO. OF MAIN SPANS:

(48) MAX. SPAN LENGTH:

(49) STRUCTURE LENGTH:

(216A) ABUTMENT #1 FDN:

(216B) ABUTMENT #2 FDN:

(217A) PREDOM. PIER FDN.: ..

(217B) SECOND. PIER FDN: ...

(107) DECK TYPE:

1 - CONCRETE

04 - TEE BEAM

32.3 FT (9.8 M)

32.3 FT (9.8 M)

0 - UNKNOWN

0 - UNKNOWN

6 - N/A

6 - N/A

1 - CONCRETE CAST-IN-PLACE

(44A) APPR. STR. MATERIAL: ........ 0 - OTHER

(44B) APPR. STR. TYPE: ................ 00 - OTHER

(46) NO. OF APPROACH SPANS: .. 0

(108) WEAR SURFACE/PROTECT SYSTEM:

A) TYPE WEARING SURFACE: .. 6 - BITUMINOUS

B) TYPE MEMBRANE: ................. 0 - NONE

C) TYPE PROTECTION: .............. 0 - NONE

(218) IS SALT USED?: ..................... YES

LOAD RATING AND POSTING

(31) DESIGN LOAD: ................. 0 - OTHER OR UNKNOWN (41) LOAD RESTRICTION: ......... B - OPEN, POSTING REC.

(66) INVENTORY RATING: ...... 23.0 TONS (20.8 METRIC TONS) (70) BRIDGE POSTING: .............. 3 - POSTING REQUIRED

(64) OPERATING RATING: ...... 31.0 TONS (28.0 METRIC TONS)

INSPECTION DATES

(90) INSPECTION DATE: 10/07 (91) FREQ. OF INSP: 24 MONTHS (92 / 93) CRITICAL FEATURE INSPECTION (CFI):

(219) ADD. STUDIES NEEDED: Y - 1 - DECK SURVEY (A) FRACTURE CRITICAL: ... NO

INSP. EVERY: MONTHS - LAST INSP. : (220) SPECIAL STUDY TYPE: 0 - NONE

(B) UNDERWATER: .............. NO

(221) SPECIAL STUDY DATE: INSP. EVERY: MONTHS - LAST INSP. :

(C) SPECIAL INSPECTION: .. NO

INSP. EVERY: MONTHS - LAST INSP. :

STRUCTURE INVENTORY AND APPRAISAL STRUCTURE NO. 4320-010P

GEOMETRY, TRAFFIC, AND NAVIGATIONAL DATA

(16) LATITUDE: ............................. 41°07'27.40" (51) CURB TO CURB WIDTH: ........... 32.3 FT (9.8 M)

(17) LONGITUDE: ......................... 74°57'15.70" (52) DECK WIDTH: ............................ 34.9 FT (10.6 M)

(19) DETOUR LENGTH: ............... 2 MI (3 KM) (32) APPR. ROADWAY WIDTH: ........ 35.0 FT (10.7 M)

(28A) LANES ON STRUCT: .......... 02 (213) APPR. PAVEMENT WIDTH: ..... 23.0 FT (7.0 M)

(28B) LANES UNDER STRUCT: ... 00 LEFT SHOULDER: .................. 6.0 FT (1.8 M)

(42A) SERVICE ON: ..................... 1 - HIGHWAY RIGHT SHOULDER: ................ 6.0 FT (1.8 M)

(42B) SERVICE UNDER: .............. 5 - WATERWAY (33) BRIDGE MEDIAN: ....................... 0 - NO MEDIAN

(29) AVG. DAILY TRAFFIC: .......... 4470 (34) SKEW ANGLE: ............................ 30 °

(30) YEAR OF ADT: ...................... 2003 (35) DECK FLARE?: ........................... NO

(114) FUTURE ADT: ..................... 4917 (47) TOTAL HORIZ. CLEARANCE: .... 32.3 FT (9.8 M)

(115) YEAR OF FUTURE ADT: ..... 2023 (50) SIDEWALKS:

(101) PARALLEL STRUCTURE: ... N - NONE LEFT : ...................................... 0.0 FT (0.0 M)

(38) NAVIGATION CONTROL?: ... 0 RIGHT : ................................... 0.0 FT (0.0 M)

(39) VERTICAL CLEARANCE: ...... 0.0 FT (0.0 M) (214) BRIDGE RAIL TYPE:

(40) HORIZ. CLEARANCE: ........... 0.0 FT (0.0 M) RAIL CONFIGURATION: ......... 3 - PARAPET ONLY

(111) ABUT. OR PIER PROT: ....... MATERIAL: .............................. 1 - CONCRETE

DESIGN TYPE: ........................ 2 - CONTINUOUS, NEW JERSE

LATERAL UNDERCLEARANCE:

(55) RIGHT: ....................... 0.0 FT (0.0 M) (215) BRIDGE RAIL HEIGHT: ............ 2.60 FT (0.79 M)

(56) LEFT: ......................... 0.0 FT (0.0 M) (53) MIN. VRT. CLEAR. OVER DECK: 99.99 FT (99.99 M)

(54) MIN. VRT. UNDERCLEARANCE: 0.00 FT (0.00 M)

CONDITION AND APPRAISAL DATA, PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS, AND COST

(58) DECK:

(59) SUPERSTRUCTURE:

(60) SUBSTRUCTURE:

(61) CHANNEL:

(62) CULVERT: ........................... N

(222) APPROACHES:

(223) RETAINING WALL: ........... N

(224) EST. REMAINING LIFE: .... 4 YEARS

(36) TRAFFIC SAFETY FEAT: ... 1NNN

(75A) TYPE OF WORK:

(75B) WORK DONE BY:

(76) IMPROVEMENT LENGTH: ..

(67) STRUCTURAL EVALUATION:

(68) DECK GEOMETRY:

(69) UNDERCLEARANCES:

(71) WATERWAY ADEQUACY:

(72) APPROACH ALIGNMENT:

(113) SCOUR CRITICAL:

(225) PURPOSE OF IMPROVEMENT:

(226) PRIORITY OF IMPROVEMENT:

(227) MAINTENANCE COST:

(228) REHAB./RECONSTR. COST: ...

(229) CONSTRUCTION COST:

N

4 - Stable. Action required to pro

2 - REHAB/RECONSTRUCTION

B - MAJOR

$0

$1,000,000

$0

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

(230) STRUCTURE HISTORY:

1987-BRIDGE RAIL REPAIR/REPLACEMENT. 2007-LOAD TEST, CRACK MONITOR INSTALLED.

(231) ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS:

(330) ADDITIONAL CONFIG. INFO.:

APPENDIX STRUCTURE NO. 4320-010P

PHOTOGRAPHS STRUCTURE NO. 4320-010P

PHOTO #1 - LOOKING NORTH TOWARD DINGMANS FERRY

FLOW

PHOTO #2 - EAST (DOWNSTREAM) SIDE

PHOTO #3 - GENERAL VIEW OF TOP SIDE OF STRUCTURE LOOKING

NORTH

PHOTO #4 - GENERAL VIEW OF UNDERSIDE OF STRUCTURE LOOKING

NORTH

PHOTO #5 - LONGITUDINAL CRACKING WITH

RUST STAINS, AND EFFLORESCENCE ON

UNDERSIDE OF DECK; BAY BETWEEN BEAM #2

AND #3 SHOWN

PHOTO #6 - TRANSVERSE CRACKING WITH

RUST STAINS, AND EFFLORESCENCE ON

UNDERSIDE OF DECK

PHOTO #7 - NEW ASPHALT WEARING SURFACE OVER STRUCTURE

PHOTO #8 - TYPICAL RUSTING OF BEARINGS; BEAM #7 AT SOUTH

ABUTMENT SHOWN

PHOTO #9 - TYPICAL CRACKING AND SPALLING THROUGHOUT BEAMS

WITH EFFLORESCENCE; BEAMS #1, #2, #3 AND #4 SHOWN

PHOTO #10 - TYPICAL CRACKING OF CONCRETE BEAM WITH SEVERE

EFFLORESCENCE; EAST FACE OF BEAM #3 SHOWN

PHOTO #11 - UP TO 1/16" WIDE CRACKING OF BEAM #7, EAST FACE

PHOTO #12 - CRACK GAGE INSTALLED ON EAST FACE OF BEAM #5; NO

MOVEMENT NOTED

PHOTO #13 - SPALLING WITH EXPOSED

REBAR ON NORTH END OF DOWNSTREAM

FASCIA BEAM NEAR DECK DRAIN

PHOTO #14 - VERTICAL CRACK IN SOUTH

ABUTMENT BREASTWALLS UNDER BEAM #3;

ALSO NOTE EFFLORESCENCE FROM BEARING

SEATS

PHOTO #15 - LOOKING UPSTREAM; NOTE STREAM FLOWS AGAINST

SOUTHWEST WINGWALL

PHOTO #16 - EXPOSED TOP OF STONE-PAVED APRON AT

DOWNSTREAM CORNER OF NORTH ABUTMENT