DRAFT Outdoor Rec Center_Design Analysis_Concept.pdf

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LXEZ035058 Construct New Outdoor Recreation Center Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan

CIVIL

A. General Parameter

1. General Site Description: The proposed project site is within Kadena AB, adjacent to the Schilling Community Center and was previously utilized as a skate park that has since been demolished. The proposed project site is bounded by the existing Schilling Community Center parking lot at the North, Rickenbaker Road at the East, Craw Street /Commissary/BX parking lot on the South and the Schilling Community Center building at the West. There is a service road for the support facilities for the Schilling Community Center that currently intersects the project area.

The project consists of a new Outdoor recreation center and support facilities.

The site plan addresses the following: vehicular circulation including fire truck access, Antiterrorism (AT) requirements, site utilities, pedestrian circulation including ABA-compliant access. The supporting infrastructure include concrete walkways and ramps, asphalt-cement (AC) and concrete paved driveway, concrete pad for bike racks, chain link fence with vehicular swing and sliding gates, storm drainage pipes and open channels, domestic water and fire fighting service lines, sanitary sewer collection system, and outdoor support facilities. The new site development work covers an area of approximately 4,000 square meters.

2. Site Preparation: The previous facility occupying the project site has been demolished prior to start of this current project. The current site consist mainly of an AC access road for the Schilling community center support facility and the remaining area is a sodded empty area.

Demolition for the AC access road, surrounding pavements and affected utilities will be performed to the extent required for the construction of the new outdoor recreation center. All existing paved areas, drainage, and utility systems at the interface with the demolition limits shall be properly coordinated with new construction provided for the continued functionality, operation, and maintenance of the adjacent Schilling Community Center, support facilties and parking lot.

The site will then be graded to the desired elevations of the proposed building structure, walkways, and outdoor support facilities.

Trees affected by the construction of the new facilities will be removed by this project and removal will be coordinated with the Kadena Air Base Environmental Department. Two large Banyan trees (Gazyumaru), trees labeled #11 and #20 in the topographic survey plans are to be protected in place.

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B. Design Criteria

1. Provide positive drainage away from the building and site aboveground structures and storm drainage for stormwater runoff per UFC 1-200-01, UFC 3-201-01, and AC150/5320-5D.

2. Provide water line and appurtenances per UFC 3-230-01, the Ten State Standards for Water Works, and the applicable standards of the Japan Water Works Association (JWWA).

3. Provide sanitary sewer and appurtenances per UFC 3-240-01, the Ten State Standards for Wastewater Facilities, and the applicable standards of the Japan Sewage Works Association (JSWA).

4. Provide parking and roadways per UFC 3-201-01, UFC 3-250-01, applicable standards of the Japan Road Association (JRA), and the applicable standards from the Design Criteria for Civil Engineering under the Facilities Improvement Projects.

C. Technical / General Requirements

1. Site Grading: The topography of the project site is generally flat with ground elevation at the center of the site at around 69.5m. The highest point is at an area near Craw Street with an elevation of around 69.7m and lowest point is at the northern banyan tree around 68.7m. Stormwater runoff from the project site currently flows from west/northwest to east with a small portion flowing south to Craw Street. Stormwater surface flow from the service road gutter and site grass area is collected by catch basins at the east/northeastern and southern portions of the project site.

The proposed GL and FFE are 69.55m and 69.75m, respectively. Design of the grading will comply with UFC 3-201-1. Existing elevations of roadways and parking surrounding the site will remain and project site grading will tie into the existing grade. The grading plan will note a smooth transition of graded areas to any new and existing paved areas. Proposed concrete or bituminous pavement at the south of the new building near Craw Street will have a minimum grade of 1.5%. Pervious surfaces around the building facing Rickenbaker Road and the existing parking lot will have a minimum grade of 3.5%. Grasscrete and interlocking block pavers in the common area shared by new building and Schilling Community center will have a minimum grade of 1.5% and maximum grade of 5%. The proposed GL, FFE and grading is set to apply positive drainage, to control the conditions that direct rainfall away from the building, allow the overland release of stormwater runoff to the maximum extent possible conforming to UFC 1-200-01.

All grading will manage on-site runoff to maintain the rate of flow and quantity to preconstruction levels, to the maximum extent feasible, or reduce site runoff

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201-0 (JRA), a eering under t phy of the project site at around 69.5 vation of arou e around 68.7m.

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de. The ex when possible. Site design will seek to minimize the disturbance of land and utilize natural drainage paths where possible

2. Erosion and Sediment Control: Erosion and sediment control facilities is required during earthmoving activities in accordance with Japan Environmental Governing Standard (JEGS) and the Okinawa Prefectural Government Ordinance No.36:

The Okinawa Prefecture Red Soil Erosion Prevention Ordinance. Best Management Practices (BMP) during construction shall be implemented to prevent any erosion. BMP’s include, but are not limited to erosion control blankets, silt fences, fiber rolls, sandbags, temporary settling basins, grassed swales, and rock rip-rap outlets. Temporary construction best management practices will be utilized to protect the adjacent drainage channels and downstream drainage lines from sediment and erosion. The measures to control erosion and other pollutants shall be in place before any earth-moving phase of the grading is initiated.

3. Roadways and Parking Areas:

a. Vehicle Circulation: Vehicular access to paved areas within the site will be through Craw street. Access roads will be a minimum of 20 ft (6.1 m) in width A separate entrance and exit point is provided with the entrance point also serving as the entry point for maintenance vehicles to adjacent facility and fire lane/truck entrance. Largest sizes of vehicles accessing the site was provided by the user as well as design vehicle wheel paths are included in the appendix as a support document.

b. POV and ABA Parking: This project will use a 90-degree parking layout with stall size of 5.0 m long and 2.5 m wide to match the Japanese POV design vehicles as stated in the Japan District Design Guide. Parking aisle width will be a minimum of 7.20 m . Maximum slopes within the parking area shall be 5.0% from front to rear and 1.5% from side to side.

A total of 2 accessible parking stalls will be provided by this project and will conform to the Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility (ABA) Guidelines. No additional parking is provided as during the Charrette discussions it was agreed that additional parking is not required due to the site proximity to existing parking areas provided by the Schilling community center and the Commissary/BX.

c. AC Pavement Sections: Pavements at the site will mainly serve the loading areas and fire access road. Pavement thicknesses will be designed to withstand the anticipated traffic.

The Geotech Investigation Report contains the pavement recommendations for both the flexible (Asphalt-cement [AC]) and rigid (Portland Cement Concrete [PCC]) pavements. The loading area will be designed for forklift loading. The new fire road will have pavers/grasscrete

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T efore r access to paved area ss roads wil nd exit the entry point f truck entrance. La by the user as in the appendix as a su d ABA Parking: This size of 5.0 m long sign vehicles aisle width will be parking area shall b A total of 2 ac will conform delines.

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blocks and will be analyzed as a rigid pavement for the pavement analysis

Recommendations for pavement structures are based on UFC 3-250-01, Pavement Design for Roads and Parking Areas, dated 14 November 2016. Pavement-Transportation Computer Assisted Structural Engineering (PCASE) software was used for the calculations of the recommended pavement sections. The assumed total number of passes is based on a design life period of 25 years.

The following is the design vehicle information for the pavement.

● Parking/ABA space: Passenger Car (Weight – 1,361 kg)

● Loading/Service road: Rubbish truck (Weight – 11,340 kg)

● Loading/Service road: Bus (Weight – 14,969 kg)

● Loading/Service road: Service truck (Weight – 11,340 kg)

● Loading/Service road: Forklift (Weight – 14,991 kg)

● Fire Access road: P-15 Fire truck (Weight – 59,357 kg)

The Geotechnical Investigation Report recommends the service road to consist of 50mm thick AC surface course and 150mm thick base course on 190mm thick subbase course, or a total of 390mm AC pavement structure. Fire access road to consist of 170mm thick PCC and 150mm thick base course or a total of 320mm PCC pavement structure. Loading area with Forklift traffic to consist of 220mm thick PCC and 150mm thick base course or a total of 370mm PCC pavement structure. The pavement for roads and parking will be constructed in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Japan Road Association pavement construction standards.

d. Fire Department Vehicle Access: The design fire lane will provide a 360-degree access to the new building. Entrance of the fire lane will be via Craw street and provided exit will be at the parking lot. The Fire Department access will be designed in accordance with NFPA 1, UFC-3-600-01, the Fire Emergency Services (FES) requirements, JED Japan District Design guide and the KAB design guide. A minimum of one side of the building will be accessible within 10 m of the fire truck access.

e. Service Road: Service road is provided via the entrance way at Craw street. The existing Schilling Community Center facility and this new Outdoor recreation facility will share the service road access and will serve the existing facilities’ mechanical yard and new facilities’ chiller yard and fenced cleaning area.

f. Exterior Signage: Pavement markings and traffic signs will be provided where indicated on drawings. Regulatory signage will be in accordance with the requirements of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

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(MUTCD), and of the Government of Japan standards as implemented within the various military installations on Okinawa. All other site signs will conform to Kadena Air Base standards for color and lettering. Other exterior identification signs that may be provided near the building entrance must be compatible in scale and character with the architectural design requirements.

The overall provided building standoff distances from the existing road and adjacent building conformed to the required force protection standoff distances. A more detailed discussion on Antiterrorism Force Protection requirements is as presented in the specific section of this Design Analysis.

4. Concrete Sidewalks and Bicycle Pad: Walkways will connect the building from the parking areas and provide circulation around the new facility. The sidewalks and bicycle pad will consist of 100 mm thick concrete pavement. The bicycle pad/parking is located near the main entrance to the facility. Circulation routes around the building will be at 1.50 m wide. Accessible ramps will be provided near the ABA parking stalls and where sidewalks terminate to roadways.

5. Storm Drainage System: The stormwater surface runoff coming from the new Building, paved roadways, courtyard paving, and unpaved areas will be collected through a drainage system comprising of surface drain inlets and will utilize the existing catch basins to the east, northeast and south of the project site. The storm drainage system shall be properly coordinated with surrounding properties to ensure that runoff does not adversely affect surrounding sites.

The stormwater management calculations will be based upon a 10-year storm frequency and the design of the stormwater management systems to be in accordance with UFC 3-201-01 or in accordance with the requirements of the agency having jurisdiction.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes will be utilized for underground drainage lines.

Underground drainage lines will not pass under buildings and will be provided a separation of at least 3m from building foundations.

UFC, Japanese, and local Okinawa regulations regarding the design of stormwater management systems will be considered as the minimum design criteria. Also, the grading will minimize the impact of construction activities on drainage and prevent loss of soils by water and wind erosion.

A design which improves existing water quality and quantity by incorporating sustainable design principles such as Low Impact Development (LID) are encouraged and will be incorporated where feasible. The project will implement a stormwater management plan that prevents post-development peak discharge rate and quantity from exceeding the pre-development peak discharge rate and quantity.

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6. Water Supply: A new 200mm diameter water supply line will be provided to the mechanical room, fire pump room and fenced cleaning area. The point of connection for the new domestic and fire fighting supply will be at the existing 200 mm PVC water main located at Lemay Street to the west of the Schilling Community Center. A water meter and backflow preventer will be provided inside the new building. The water meter shall be an Advanced Meter connected to Kadena AB EMCS, per UFC 1-200-02, Section 2- 4.1.1. A new fire hydrant will be provided at the fire lane entry and will be within 45 meters of the building fire department connection. Material for the water lines shall be in accordance with

UFC 3-230-01.

a. Quantity Requirements

The minimum capacity of the water supply system for the new facility will be sufficient to meet the following conditions:

● Maximum hourly demand, or

● Maximum daily demand plus fire flow requirement, whichever is greater

A critical factor in the development of the on-site water supply system is providing the required fire flow to all fire hydrants throughout the site while maintaining adequate residual pressure.

b. Distribution System Evaluation Criteria

Pressure Required: The distribution system will be able to maintain a minimum residual pressure of 276 kPa (40 psi) at fire hydrants for the average day demand and 207 kPa (30 psi) during the design flow.

Minimum residual pressures at fire hydrants to be at least 138 kPa (20 psi) while supplying fire flow and hose stream demand.

The result of hydrant flow test conducted during the start of design stage shows that the water supply along the adjoining water main is adequate to supply the domestic and fire sprinkler requirements without the use of water storage tank but with a fire pump.

c. Building Connections

● Building connection to have an exterior shut off valve with valve box installed below ground.

● Service lines less than 100 mm will be PVC pipe material.

● Determine existing water service pressures and provide reduced pressure principle backflow prevention device for building connection in accordance with NFPA 13.

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d. Trenches

Waterline trench depths will provide a minimum cover of 0.9 m in all areas subject to vehicular traffic and in all other areas from the existing ground surface, or from the indicated finish grade, whichever is lower, to the top of the pipe. Sufficient cover will also be provided to protect the pipe against structural damage due to superimposed surface loads. Lines installed with less cover than the minimum requirements stated will be concrete-encased with a minimum thickness of 150 mm. No pipe should rest directly on rocks or boulders. All pipes should be uniformly supported throughout their lengths on a compacted base using firm trench soil or granular materials.

e. Valves, Bends and Fittings

The new building facility will be provided with a separate service and main shutoff valve, readily accessible to maintenance and emergency personnel. Shutoff valves in sidewalks or walkways are prohibited.

Anchorages are provided at tapping tees and bends to resist vertical or horizontal thrust. Concrete thrust blocks are used to counteract the thrust forces that occur in pipe direction changes and stops.

f. Water Supply Lines

1) Materials for the Domestic and Fire Sprinkler Service Lines

Materials for the connection of the domestic water supply line, the fire sprinkler service line and a fire hydrant for this project shall be plastic piping. All lines shall be provided with commercial plastic marking tape specifically manufactured for this use. Tracing wire is copper solid #10 and will extend into valve box stations.

2) Water Line Clearances to Sewers

Water lines will be laid horizontally 3 m or more from sanitary sewers. The exception is where the bottom of the water pipe is a minimum of 450 mm above the sewer pipe top, in which case, the horizontal separation is 1.8 m or greater. Where water lines cross within 450 mm above or any distance below gravity flow sanitary sewer lines, the sewer pipe will be encased with an approved reinforced concrete jacket of 150 mm minimum cover around the pipe to a distance of 3 m horizontally from the waterline.

Concrete encasement starts and ends at sewer pipe joints.

Construction of the water supply system shall also be in substantial conformance with the applicable requirements of the Waterworks Facility Design Guidelines under the Japan Water Works Association (JWWA).

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g. Fire Hydrants

Fire hydrants will be located such that all parts of the building exterior are within 106 m of a hydrant. At least one hydrant is within 45 m of the fire department connection. When located near the road, hydrants must not be closer than 1 m nor farther than 2.1 m from the roadway shoulder or curb line. Fire hydrants will be located at least 12 m away from the buildings to be protected per NFPA 24.

7. Sanitary Sewer System: The sewer connection from the new building will be at the existing sewer manhole that currently serves the Schilling Community Center and located northwest of the new building. A short segment of the 200mm PVC gravity sewer line passing along the project site will be rerouted to avoid conflict with the new building. Building connections will be a minimum of 150 mm and of PVC material. Joints will be doublegasket, push-on, and pressure-rated to provide water-tight joints.

a. Quantity Requirements

The quantity of wastewater to be transported from the new facility is a function of the service needs and the consumption of water. The quantity generated in a single day can vary greatly based on the use of the facility during full or limited operations; therefore, the system should be able to convey a wide range of flow rates. It should be able to carry the intended maximum rate of flow without backing up, yet also carry the minimum rate of flow without depositing solids. The system will have adequate capacity for peak flow and maintain the minimum velocity.

b. Collection System Evaluation Criteria.

The sanitary sewer system must have adequate capacity to carry the peak flow generated by the new facilities, at minimum full velocity of 0.60 m/s, to prevent deposits of solids and generation of odors.

c. Hydraulic Analysis Criteria

The system will be designed for full flow, without surcharge, under peak flow conditions, which is equivalent to a depth of 80% of the pipe diameter at a constant friction factor.

d. Sanitary Sewer Technical Requirements

1) Building connections is planned to eliminate as many bends as practical and provide convenience in rodding. Sewage from the building to flow through a gravity sewer pipe and into the proposed

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The sanitary s eak flow gen to preve sewer manhole. Bends will be combinations of elbows such as 45-45 degrees are used with a cleanout.

2) Sewer cleanouts will be installed in all sewer building connections to provide a means for inserting cleaning rods into the underground pipe. An acceptable cleanout will consist of an upturned pipe terminating at, or slightly above, a final grade with a plug or cap.

The cleanout pipe shall be of the same diameter as the building sewer, and no smaller than 150 mm.

3) Manholes are required to intercept sewage from the new buildings.

The base of the manholes will be channelized. Influent pipe connections to manholes will be made at the channelized invert of the manhole, whether it is a direct connection or a drop connection.

4) Sewer laterals will be 150 mm minimum PVC pipe, provided with tracer wire in addition to buried warning and identification tape.

Joints will be double-gasketed, push-on, and pressure-rated to provide water-tight joints.

5) Manholes will be commercially-manufactured precast concrete sections. Shallow manholes will be of reinforced concrete construction. Galvanized steel rungs or coated steel runs will be provided at manholes.

6) Construction of the sanitary sewer system shall also be in substantial conformance with the applicable requirements of the Japan Sewage Works Association (JSWA).

8. Fence and Gates: A 2.1 m high chain link fence around the fenced cleaning area and future covered storage will be provided. Materials for the new fence shall consist of zinc coated steel mesh fabric and schedule 40 galvanized posts. Wire fabric shall be 8 gage 50 mm (2-in) mesh. Fence rails and braces, and gate posts and rails shall be galvanized carbon steel pipe. The chain link fence shall have the commercial precast concrete posts. Footing shall be cast in place concrete.

Two vehicular gates will be provided, one is a sliding gate at the loading entrance area and a swing gate at the vehicle exit point of the loading area.

9. Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Requirements: Based on the UXO threat level map prepared by KAB dated 10 May 2017, the project site is in a “UXO Unlikely” area.

However, since there is always a possibility of encountering UXOs anywhere on Okinawa, excavations and other construction activities related to earthwork on the project site, require a measure of caution. Construction contractor is responsible for pre-construction surveys for the presence of UXO at the site and must follow best management practices during construction and incorporate

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In general, the construction contractor shall follow 718 CES/CEN memorandum “UXO Emergency Mitigation Steps on Kadena AB, Okinawa Japan”, dated 17 May 2017. Kadena AB Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD) shall be contacted immediately if any UXO is encountered during construction activities. The contact number for the Emergency Dispatch Center for Kadena Air Base is 098-934-5911.

10. Geotechnical Considerations: Refer to the requirements and recommendations as detailed in the Geotechnical Investigation Report of this project.

D. Standards and References

● UFC 1-200-01 DoD Building Code (General Building Requirements), 01 September 2022, with Change 3, 26 February 2024

● UFC 3-201-01 Civil Engineering, 20 December 2022

● UFC 3-210-10 Low Impact Development, 28 August 2023

● UFC 3-230-01 Water Storage and Distribution, 01 September 2018, with Change

3, 01 July 2021

● UFC 3-240-01 Wastewater Collection and Treatment, 01 May 2020, with Change

3, 01 March 2024

● UFC 3-240-02 Domestic Wastewater Treatment, 01 November 2012, with

Change 1, 01 January 2019

● UFC 3-250-01 Pavement Design for Roads and Parking Areas, 14 November

● UFC 3-600-01 Fire Protection Engineering for Facilities, 08 August 2016, with

Change 6, 06 May 2021

● UFC 4-010-01 DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings, 12

December 2018, with Change 2, 30 July 2022

● UFC 4-020-01 DoD Security Engineering Facilities Planning Manual, 11

September 2008

● UFC 4-022-01 Security Engineering: Entry Control Facilities / Access Control

Points, 27 July 2017

● UFC 4-022-03 Security Fences and Gates, 01 October 2013

● Air Force Manual 32-1084, Facility Requirements Standards, 26 February 2016

● AC 150/5320-5D, Airport Drainage Design, 15 August 2013

● Recommended Standards for Water Works, Latest Edition (known as the “Ten

State Standards”)

● Recommended Standards for Wastewater Facilities, (known as the “Ten State

Standards”), 2004 Edition

● ASCE MPO 60, Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction, 2007

● Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 11th Edition,

● Japan Road Signs Handbook, 2012

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Teral Building Re ebru December ment, 28 A tributio ollection and Trea estic Wastewater nuary 2019 Pavement Design for

0-01 Fire Prote e 6, 06 May 2021 4-010-01 DoD Minimu mber 2018, with 20-01 DoD S S

● Design Criteria for Civil Engineering under the Facilities Improvement Projects, 11 September 2015

● Structures Standardized Design Criteria For Civil Engineering Under the Facilities Improvement Projects, Defense Facilities Administration Agency, September

● Okinawa Prefecture Ordinance No.36: The Okinawa Prefecture Red Soil Erosion Prevention Ordinance, October 1994

● Japan District Design Guide, USACE, Version 7, February 2023

● Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS)

● Japanese Water Works Association (JWWA)

● Japan Sewage Works Association (JSWA)

● Japanese Road Association (JRA)

JRA DCAP, (1982) Design and Construction of Asphalt JRA MAP, Manual for Asphalt Pavement

● Japan Environmental Governing Standards (JEGS), latest version

● ABA Accessibility Standards for Department of Defense Facilities

● NFPA 1, Fire Code, 2021 Edition

● NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2022 Edition

● NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their

Appurtenances, 2022 Edition

● Geotechnical Investigation Report, Construct New Outdoor Recreation Center, Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan. Environmental Science Corporation (ESC).

07 February 2024.

● As-built Record Drawings

● UXO Policy for Programming/Planning, Design, and Construction on Kadena AB.

718 CES/CEN. 11 May 2017.

● UXO Emergency Mitigation Steps on Kadena AB, Okinawa, Japan. 718

CES/CEN. 11 May 2017.

● Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Probability Map, Kadena AB, 10 May 2017.

● Kadena Air Base Design Guide, 07 February 2020

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