PRAD_Proposers_Day_combined_v1d_DISTAR 40178_aspresented.pptx

TACTICAL TECHNOLOGY OFFICE

PRAD (POWER Receiver Array Demonstration) Program Solicitation Number: DARPA-PS-24-25 DARPA Contracts Management Office James “Mike” Hammersley – Contracting Officer “Doing Business with DARPA” Proposers Day 17 September 2024 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 40178)

Please pay attention to due dates in Program Solicitation (DARPA-PS-24-25) and any special instructions Send questions and Abstracts to DARPA-PS-24-25@darpa.mil in accordance with the following important dates:

PS Posting Date: September 4, 2024 Questions Due Date: September 20, 2024, by 5:00 p.m. ET Abstracts Due Date and Time: October 9, 2024, at 5:00 p.m. ET Oral Proposal presentations Due Date and Time: TBD, at 5:00 p.m. ET Oral Proposal presentations: TBD

Note: In the event of a conflict between information presented today and information contained in DARPA-PS-24-25, all information in the PS will take precedence over these slides.

DARPA-PS-24-25

9/17/2024

The Government reserves the right to award an OT for Prototypes under 10 U.S.C. § 4022 or make no award at all.

Not a Request for Proposal (RFP)- FAR Part 15 does not apply.

Not a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA)- FAR Part 35 does not apply.

Other Transaction (OT) Authority

10 U.S.C 4022 (d) (1) permits DARPA’s OT authority to be used only when one of the following conditions are met:

(A) There is at least one nontraditional defense contractor or nonprofit research institution participating to a significant extent in the prototype project;

(B) All significant participants in the transaction other than the Federal Government are small businesses (15 U.S.C. 638) or nontraditional defense contractors;

(C ) At least one third of the total cost of the prototype project is to be paid out of funds provided by sources other than the Federal Government; or

(D) The senior procurement executive for the agency determines in writing that exceptional circumstances justify the use of a transaction that provides for innovative business arrangements or structures that would not be feasible or appropriate under a contract, or would provide an opportunity to expand the defense supply base in a manner that would not be practical or feasible under a contract.

Use of OTs for Prototypes

10 U.S.C 3014 Non-Traditional Definition:

nontraditional defense contractor, with respect to a procurement or with respect to a transaction means an entity that is not currently performing and has not performed, for at least the one-year period preceding the solicitation of sources by the Department of Defense for the procurement or transaction, any contract or subcontract for the Department of Defense that is subject to full coverage under the cost accounting standards and the regulations implementing such section. To be considered as participating to a significant extent, the proposal should substantiate that the effort being performed by the nontraditional defense contractor is critical to the technical success of the project “Non-Traditional” Defense Contractor

All responsible enterprises capable of satisfying the Government’s needs (i.e., industrial/commercial concerns to include small businesses, accredited degree-granting colleges/universities, non-profit and not-for-profit organizations).

Non-U.S. organizations/individuals need an export license to participate as prime contractor. Non-U.S. organization and/or individuals may act as subcontractors to the extent that the prime contractor can ensure that participants comply with any necessary nondisclosure agreements, security regulations, export control laws, and other governing statutes applicable under the circumstances.

No classified submissions will be accepted.

The OT agreement will not require cost sharing unless the offeror is a traditional defense contractor who is not working with a non-traditional defense contractor to a significant extent.

OT Eligibility

In order to receive an award:

Offerors must have a Unique Entity ID (UEI) and must register in the System for Award Management (SAM) at SAM.gov.

Offerors must also register in the prescribed Government invoicing system (Wide Area Work Flow (WAWF): https://wawf.eb.mil/xhtml/unauth/registration/notice.xhtml). DARPA Contracts Management Office (CMO) personnel will provide assistance to those offerors from whom a proposal is requested.

Offerors must be determined to be responsible by the AO and must not be suspended or debarred from award by the Federal Government nor be prohibited by Presidential Executive Order and/or law from receiving an award.

OT Eligibility (Continued)

DARPA policy is to treat all submissions as competition sensitive, and to disclose their contents only for the purpose of evaluation. Restrictive notices notwithstanding, during the evaluation process, submissions may be handled by support contractors for administrative purposes and/or to assist with technical evaluation. All DARPA support contractors performing this role are expressly prohibited from performing DARPA sponsored technical research and are bound by appropriate nondisclosure agreements. Input on technical aspects of the proposals may be solicited by DARPA from non-Government consultants/experts who are strictly bound by the appropriate non-disclosure requirements.

Competition Sensitive Information

DARPA-PS-24-25 Abstract: 3 page limit Performers will outline their technologies and approach to meeting the program objectives. The Government will review all submitted Abstracts for overall technical approach. Selected performers will be invited to provide an Oral Presentation to the Government. Those not selected, will not proceed to Oral Presentation.

Offerors must submit an Abstract in response to the solicitation to be considered for participation in PRAD. Offerors will not be invited to provide an Oral Presentation, or be included in any further progression of the program without participating in the Abstract phase of the solicitation.

Offerors providing Abstracts that are not invited to an Oral Presentation will be notified in writing as soon as practicable.

Government will not pay offerors responding to this PS for the costs associated with Abstract submissions and Oral Presentations.

Notional OT Acquisition Process and Evaluation

Oral Presentations (Virtual): Upon the Government’s request, proposers will have the opportunity to present their oral proposal to the DARPA program team. The Government anticipates that the selected performers will be given an award with a fixed value of $350,000 and a 6-month period of performance to demonstrate their power receiver system.

Notional OT Acquisition Process and Evaluation

Do not include elaborate brochures; only include relevant information to the submission requirements or evaluation criteria.

Use of a diagram(s) or figure(s) to depict the essence of the proposed solution is permitted All Abstracts, Oral Presentations, and Proposals shall be unclassified.

Offerors are responsible for clearly identifying proprietary information. Submissions containing proprietary information must have the cover page and each page containing such information clearly marked with a label such as “Proprietary” or “Company Proprietary.” NOTE: “Confidential” is a classification marking used to control the dissemination of U.S. Government National Security Information as dictated in Executive Order 13526 and should not be used to identify proprietary business information.

General Guidelines for Submission

Three (3) single-sided written pages using 12-point Times New Roman font with 1” margin all around.

Abstracts must include the following:

Title page: Offeror Name, Title, Technical Area, Date, Point of Contact Name, Email Address, Phone, and Address. Offeror shall identify each team member as a traditional or non-traditional performer. (The Title Page does not count against page limits).

The offeror shall include a statement that no people on the offeror’s team work for DARPA as Scientific Engineering Technical Assistance (SETA), Advisory and Assistance Services (A&AS) or similar support services, as DARPA has a policy prohibiting such people from working as a technical performer. Include this statement on the title page; it will NOT count as part of the three (3) written pages limit.

Abstract Content- Administration

Offerors may be asked to provide an oral presentation to provide further details on its proposed solution. Specific instructions (including content submission guidelines) will be provided in the invitation to participate.

If selected, offerors can expect to be asked to provide the following information:

Company introduction/overview: Provide information regarding company and key personnel dedicated to the program and how their past performance and qualifications will contribute to the technical approach. Identify and explain efforts of similar scope and complexity.

Technical Approach: Provide a technical approach to accomplish the technical objectives and challenges. Also, give a general approach for the program, showing the proposers understanding and capabilities.

Schedule/Cost: Provide a schedule with logical flow of tasks/subtasks, and the approximate cost for each major task (i.e., how are you spending the $350,000 DARPA funds?)

Oral Presentation Content

Teaming/subcontractors: Identify any teammates or subcontractors expected to comprise the team. Identify their roles, any key personnel, and how their past performance and qualifications will contribute to the technical approach.

Data Rights: Identify any components of the proposed technical solution that will be subject to Intellectual Property (IP) data rights. Declare the anticipated level of IP protection to be asserted and clearly identify the scope of assertion.

Oral Presentation Content

DARPA reserves the right(s) to:

Fund proposals in phases (aka options) for continued work at the end of one or more of the phases Fundamental/Non-Fundamental Research:

At this time DARPA anticipates that research performed under this effort is Non-Fundamental Research. Therefore, pre-publication approval will be most likely required. This includes any press releases.

Award Information

DARPA expects a minimum of Government Purpose Rights (GPR) to all information generated under this OT.

Identify all previously existing non-commercial and commercial technical data & computer software to be generated, developed, and/or delivered as part of the technical solution to which the Government will receive less than Unlimited Rights and assert specific restrictions on those deliverables (in accordance with the following data rights assertions table which will be included with the PS as an Attachment).

This information is assessed during evaluations and will be incorporated into any contract award Avoid broad/vague assertions; justify the basis of the assertions with substantiating documentation (i.e. identify commercial items or provide patent and contract numbers).

Intellectual Property

PATENTS: Include documentation proving your ownership of or possession of appropriate licensing rights to all patented inventions (or inventions for which a patent application has been filed) that will be utilized under your proposal for the DARPA program.

i-Edison: All patent reports and notifications must be submitted electronically

Intellectual Property

OT Articles and Attachments – Example www.darpa.mil

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 40178) Proposers Day POWER Receiver Array Demonstration (PRAD) Dr. Paul Jaffe Program Manager DARPA Tactical Technology Office

Proposers Day 17 September 2024

Point-to-Point Power Beaming Potential Impacts

Deliver energy with less risk

Drones that can fly indefinitely

Sensors powered from afar

New force paradigms

Flexible energy redirection

Resilient energy resupply

Instantaneous energy delivery DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 39524) Image source: Jaffe, P., “Power Beaming & Space Solar,” presented at the SERDP & ESTCP and OE-Innovation Symposium, Arlington, VA, USA, Dec. 01, 2022. Available: https://www.symposium.serdp-estcp.org/event/a06cd5ff-a780-4fff-8cc7-75bfc70c32a6/summary.

UAV – Uncrewed Air Vehicle UGV – Uncrewed Ground Vehicle

What is this slide saying Highlight the state of the art without a relay Define the objective system Demonstrate the scalability of the system

Talk about past power beaming – aperture sizes and lack of scalability

State of the Art Power Beaming

Laser Receiver (1 of 4 different types) Laser Power Beaming Range: 1 km Delivered DC Power: ~500 W December 2021 at Dahlgren, Virginia, USA https://youtu.be/4xJMVdGAlPw

Microwave Power Beaming Range: 1 km Delivered DC Power: 1.6 kW July 2021 at Blossom Point, Maryland, USA Receiver Transmitter https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9662403 https://youtu.be/JGuPaYtcJx8 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 39524) Image source: https://www.google.com/maps Image source: https://www.google.com/maps Image source: https://youtu.be/JGuPaYtcJx8 Image source: Jaffe, P., “Power Beaming & Space Solar,” presented at the SERDP & ESTCP and OE-Innovation Symposium, Arlington, VA, USA, Dec. 01, 2022 Image source: Jaffe, P., “Power Beaming & Space Solar,” presented at the SERDP & ESTCP and OE-Innovation Symposium, Arlington, VA, USA, Dec. 01, 2022

Define the objective system Demonstrate the scalability of the system

Talk about past power beaming – aperture sizes and lack of scalability

Receiver Output Power vs. Transmission Distance for Terrestrial Power Beaming Demonstrations DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 39524)

The only demo over 50% end-to-end efficient

Demos with safe accessible power density

OECIF SCOPE-M

OECIF SCOPE-O

Most references in: C. T. Rodenbeck et al., “Microwave and Millimeter Wave Power Beaming,” IEEE Journal of Microwaves, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 229–259, winter 2021, doi: 10.1109/JMW.2020.3033992. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9318744 Others from: Jaffe, P., “Power Beaming & Space Solar,” presented at the SERDP & ESTCP and OE-Innovation Symposium, Arlington, VA, USA, Dec. 01, 2022 CAST – China Academy of Space Technology Dmax – at maximum distance JAXA - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency MILAX - MIcrowave Lifted Airplane eXperiment NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration NRL – Naval Research Laboratory OECIF – Operational Energy Capability Improvement Fund Pmax – at maximum power PTROL – Power Transmitted Over Laser SCOPE-M – Safe, COntinuous, Power bEaming Microwave SCOPE-O – Safe, COntinuous, Power bEaming Optical SHARP - Stationary High Altitude Relay Platform UAV – Uncrewed Air Vehicle UMCP – University of Maryland College Park

Demonstrated and Proposed Power Beaming Links

Demonstrated Proposed

OECIF SCOPE-M, SCOPE-O

CASSIOPeiA - Constant Aperture, Solid-State, Integrated, Orbital Phased Array MEO – Medium Earth Orbit SPS – Solar Power Satellite SPS-ALPHA - Solar Power Satellite via Arbitrarily Large Phased Array WPT – Wireless Power Transmission

CAST – China Academy of Space Technology Dmax – at maximum distance JAXA - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency MILAX - MIcrowave Lifted Airplane eXperiment NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration NRL – Naval Research Laboratory OECIF – Operational Energy Capability Improvement Fund Pmax – at maximum power PTROL – Power Transmitted Over Laser SCOPE-M – Safe, COntinuous, Power bEaming Microwave SCOPE-O – Safe, COntinuous, Power bEaming Optical SHARP - Stationary High Altitude Relay Platform UAV – Uncrewed Air Vehicle UMCP – University of Maryland College Park

Most references in: C. T. Rodenbeck et al., “Microwave and Millimeter Wave Power Beaming,” IEEE Journal of Microwaves, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 229–259, winter 2021, doi: 10.1109/JMW.2020.3033992. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9318744 Others from: Jaffe, P., “Power Beaming & Space Solar,” presented at the SERDP & ESTCP and OE-Innovation Symposium, Arlington, VA, USA, Dec. 01, 2022

Sonobuoys Expeditionary basing

SOF

UUV

Unattended Sensors and Effectors

Persistent & distributed ISR/EW/SAR

Ground autonomy

Ocean energy harvesting

Distributed, resilient, multi-input, multi-output power, multi-path energy beaming network Generate power where it is safe and effective and distribute it to contested areas Enable persistent operation of a new generation of distributed unmanned systems, sensors, and effectors Networked Power Beaming Potential Impacts as Part of an Energy Web DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 39524)

Image source: Paul Calhoun, “Persistent Optical Wireless Energy Relay (POWER),” Proposer’s Day Briefing, Oct. 24, 2022.

ISR – Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance EW – Electronic Warfare SAR – Synthetic Aperture Radar SOF – Special Operations Forces UUV – Uncrewed Underwater Vehicle

Energy is a key currency in the battlespace. More dynamically moving energy through the battlespace gives a decisive advantage. Roman roads, asymmetric tanker and and nuclear navy superpower status. Recognizing that energy is required to maintain persistent forward presence, provide adaptive transport, and cause military effects, we have a new optimization surface to consider for countering contested environments. The Energy Web Dominance concept seeks to balance storage, generation and distribution to optimize energy flows for resilience. Distribution can be enhanced through a network that leverages power beaming technologies. This allows us to robustly connect energy sources, with places of high need enabling new mission capabilities for small, attritable distributed systems.

POWER will demonstrate scalable relays for long-distance, high-performance power beaming Taking Optical Power Beaming To the Next Level

Multiple conversions would reduce efficiency Ground links are limited by atmospheric effects Using high-altitude relays without power conversion enables long-distance optical power beaming DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 39524)

Image source: Paul Calhoun, “Persistent Optical Wireless Energy Relay (POWER),” Proposer’s Day Briefing, Oct. 24, 2022.

Define the objective system Demonstrate the scalability of the system

Talk about past power beaming – aperture sizes and lack of scalability

POWER Final Demo Concept and Program Metrics

Program Metrics Range: 200 km Delivered DC: 5kW Node Harvest Peak: 1kW Receiver Aperture: < 1m High power enabled by efficient relays Long range enabled by high altitude Persistence enabled by harvesting ??Detailed View of the relay??

POWER will develop a relay system to deliver energy into contested environments.

Image source: Paul Calhoun, “Persistent Optical Wireless Energy Relay (POWER),” Proposer’s Day Briefing, Oct. 24, 2022.

What is this saying Try to set the story for what POWER is going to do Highlight the tech challenges by showing the relay doing those 3 things

POWER Technical Challenges Enables Long Range Power Transfer Beaming range is a function of beam quality at high altitude Active correction likely required to ensure beam quality

2. Correct

Enables High Power Network

1. Redirect Relay losses determine network efficiency Redirect enables high altitude high performance transfer Losses drive thermal challenges

3. Harvest Enables Persistence

Selectively harvesting power from the beam enables persistence High efficiency limits power draw and minimizes thermal load

Thermoelectric Single Wavelength Photovoltaic

Redirect a high-power beam, Correct that beam to maximize photons to receiver, and Harvest energy DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 39524)

Images source: Paul Calhoun, “Persistent Optical Wireless Energy Relay (POWER),” Proposer’s Day Briefing, Oct. 24, 2022.

http://www.irisao.com/technology.html

POWER Program plan

FY23 FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28

Major Milestones

Award

BAA

Phase I Phase II

Phase III

Performers will reach a preliminary design review

Perform trade studies on the design space for novel system designs Develop early risk reduction campaigns while maturing integrated relay design Conduct System Requirements Review for specific design Laboratory Demonstrations of high-risk technologies Conduct clean sheet conceptual design of an optimized relay platform

Performers will conduct a low-power airborne demo

Mature design from PDR to CDR design Update Conceptual design for optimized relay platform Integrate relay with air platform for low-power demonstration Ensure adequate verification of requirements

Will conduct high-power, long-range demo

Design changes as needed to finalize production efforts Build multiple relay payloads for multi-hop demonstration Validate system performance through open air demonstrations

PDR

CDR

Demo Final Demo

TRR

POWER: Phase 2 Demo POWER: Phase 3 Final Demo

Images source: Paul Calhoun, “Persistent Optical Wireless Energy Relay (POWER),” Proposer’s Day Briefing, Oct. 24, 2022.

POWER Receiver Array Demonstration (PRAD)

PRAD is a sprint to demo an end-to-end power beaming link at HELSTF in to support the DIRO POWER Phase 2 decision for Q3 FY25.

Performers may be selected for ~$350k non-negotiable fixed-price OTAs in Fall 2024 to develop receivers for a demo in Q2 FY25.

If question arises as to why DIRO was asked for risk reduction funds instead of using RTX funds:\

Phase 3 Demonstration facility Range has approx. 60km x 160km of controlled airspace 50kW class laser power on-site Wavelength between 1.03μm and 1.08μm Beam director with aperture ~60cm (can be adjusted somewhat, if desired) on-site Other beam directors with different aperture sizes may be available at the time of the Phase 3 demo Adaptive Optics: by the time of Phase 3 demonstrations, the facility is anticipated to have additional options for adaptive optics beam corrections

High Energy Laser Systems Test Facility (HELSTF) at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR)

Map from Google Maps HELSTF Images from WSMR:HELSTF website

DARPA / AFRL

Demonstrator Laser Weapon System

HELSTF APT Beam Director System Trailer APT Remote Control Trailer Encrypted RF Link for APT Control Chillers and Hydraulics Control Stations

HVAC

Recorders and Communications

DETEC Optical Bench

Full Aperture Optical Bench

Control and Displays

Storage Cabinet Emergency Lighting Work Bench and Storage Encrypted RF Link Side Access Door Swing Rear Doors

Beam Instrumentation Accurately characterize the beam on target

Beam Profile Peak Irradiance Spot Size Power Beam Quality (with respect to spot size & energy distribution) Aim-point maintenance Jitter Atmospheric effects (optical turbulence, aerosol effects, transmission, thermal blooming, etc.)

Kill-time / Dwell Target/Debris Impact Location

POWER Receiver Array Demonstration (PRAD) Metrics & Guidance

Solution must successfully interface with High Energy Laser System Test Facility (HELSTF) at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) Demonstrator Laser Weapon System (DLWS) laser as a pathfinder for POWER relay handshaking, beaconing, and interlock systems.

Solution should demonstrate scalability with no less than 15% conversion efficiency to credibly produce at least 5 kW output electrical power as a pathfinder to higher optical-to-electrical efficiencies for larger arrays.

Performer Milestones

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 40178)

Solicitation Issued Demo @ HELSTF

Proposers Day

Abstracts Due

Oral Presentations

Kickoff

Award Design, Fabricate, Lab Test

TRR

Final Report Interim Review

Deliver Final Report

PRAD (POWER RECEIVER ARRAY DEMONSTRATION) TIMELINE

TRR = Test Readiness Review HELSTF = High Energy Laser Systems Test Facility

PRAD (POWER RECEIVER ARRAY DEMONSTRATION)

Objective:

A ground-based receiver array demonstration for optical laser power to reduce risk ifor the Persistent Optical Wireless Energy Relay (POWER) Program

Technology:

The demonstration will validate the performance, efficiency, and reliability of the PV receiver array in optical laser power beaming systems

Product:

Test Data and Analysis: Performers will need to measure key Performance Parameters that will be used to inform decisions for POWER Phase 2 funding

The So What:

The demonstration will provide essential data and practical experience needed to pathfind future viability for military applications and planned POWER demonstrations Participants:

Prospect Performing Org(s): [Anticipate a pool of ~10; one award anticipated] Gov’t Contributors: [About 3-4 possible collaborators]

Risk Reduction Technical Challenges:

Real-World Conditions Testing Alignment and Tracking Validation Efficiency Measurement in a Controlled Environment Scalability and Practical Application Insights

DARPA TTO PM Dr. Paul Jaffe Ground-to-ground demonstrations are vital for validating the performance, efficiency, and reliability of the PV receiver array in optical laser power beaming systems

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 40178) www.darpa.mil

What is Power Beaming?

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 39524) Hard or expensive place to get energy Easy place to get energy Power Beaming

Separation ill-suited for a physical connection Power Beaming is delivering meaningful amounts of energy between a transmitter and receiver

Power Beaming Parameters DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 39524) Transmit Aperture Transmission Media Receive Aperture Output Load Power Conversion Power Conversion Input Source

PTx-in (W) PRx-out (W) d (m) pd-max (W/m2) pd-acc (W/m2)

⌀Tx (m)

⌀Rx (m) mTx (kg) mRx (kg) λ (m) t (s) VTx (m3) VRx (m3)

Peak Accessible Power Density PTx-out (W) PRx-in (W)

Selected Laser Power Beaming Demos Before 2020 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 39524)

EADS Astrium tracking laser to power rover (2003)

Kinki Univ. & Hamamatsu Photonics Inc. laser power to small helicopter (2007)

LaserMotive outdoor laser power to UAV (2012)

Lighthouse DEV Eye-safe laser demo (2012)

PowerLight point-to-point power link (2019) https://youtu.be/Xb9THqrXd4I Images source: Jaffe, P., “Power Beaming & Space Solar,” presented at the SERDP & ESTCP and OE-Innovation Symposium, Arlington, VA, USA, Dec. 01, 2022

Selected Microwave Power Beaming Demos Before 2020 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 39524) JPL-Raytheon Goldstone, 34 kW, 1.6 km (1975) MILAX Kobe University (1992) Mitsubishi Electric 5.8 GHz 55m (2015)

Dickinson and Brown, 54% (1975) Aerostat phone charging Kyoto U. (2009) https://youtu.be/7O44WM1Q9H8 Images source: Jaffe, P., “Power Beaming & Space Solar,” presented at the SERDP & ESTCP and OE-Innovation Symposium, Arlington, VA, USA, Dec. 01, 2022

Selected Power Beaming Demos Since 2020

OECIF LEctenna STEM Demo Showing Microwave Power Receiver Readiness

Space Station Astronaut Jessica Meir February 2020 OECIF Power Beaming Beaming Demos, SCOPE-O ~500 W @ 1,000 m Dalgren, VA December 2021

PTROL Compact Receiver Seattle, WA January 2021 https://www.nrl.navy.mil/LEctenna https://youtu.be/9MI2ph9jptM https://youtu.be/4xJMVdGAlPw Laser Receiver Images source: Jaffe, P., “Power Beaming & Space Solar,” presented at the SERDP & ESTCP and OE-Innovation Symposium, Arlington, VA, USA, Dec. 01, 2022

Selected Power Beaming Demos Since 2020 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 39524)

OECIF Demo, SCOPE-M: Showed >1,000 W delivered to a receiver >1,000 m away with 10 GHz microwave technology in July 2021 in Maryland and Massachusetts https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9662403 https://youtu.be/JGuPaYtcJx8

Microwave Transmitter Microwave Receiver Images source: Jaffe, P., “Power Beaming & Space Solar,” presented at the SERDP & ESTCP and OE-Innovation Symposium, Arlington, VA, USA, Dec. 01, 2022

Selected Power Beaming Demos Since 2020 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 39524)

Microwave Receiver

Chinese 300 m Microwave Demo August 2021 Airbus/Emrod 36 m Microwave Demo in Germany, September 2022 Image source: Andrew Jones https://pbs.twimg.com/media/E9JNGZjWQAATKg8?format=jpg&name=small Image source: https://emrod.energy/static/dcb8bbab7c53bc7ea97ae5380dfa37e2/2719b/power-beaming-event-otn-20-1024x683.webp

Space Power Beaming Demos in 2023 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 39524)

Caltech Space Microwave Demo 9.984 GHz, 0.251 W, ~30 cm March 2023 Source for data and image: A. Ayling et al., “Wireless Power Transfer in Space using Flexible, Lightweight, Coherent Arrays.” arXiv, Jan. 26, 2024. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.15267. [Accessed: Feb. 18, 2024]

U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Space Laser Demo 975 nm, 2.493 W, 145 cm, 12% end-to-end efficient March 2023 Data source: Elias Wilcoski, Paul Jaffe, Chris DePuma, Ellen Wagner, David Chen, and James Baughman, “The First Demonstration of Laser Power Beaming in Orbit: The Space Wireless Energy Laser Link (SWELL),” presented at the 6th Optical Wireless and Fiber Power Transmission Conference (OWPT), Yokohama, Japan, Apr. 24, 2024.

Image source: https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FrsAQePWIAAiN4t?format=jpg&name=large

An Arbitrary Human-Scale Definition of “Power Beaming”

Demonstrated end-to-end transmission efficiency of at least 1%

Spanned a distance of at least 1 m (where 1 m is beyond the reactive near field of the transmitter)

Met the conditions above for at least 1 minute

Images source: Jaffe, P., “Power Beaming & Space Solar,” presented at the SERDP & ESTCP and OE-Innovation Symposium, Arlington, VA, USA, Dec. 01, 2022

Power Beaming Link Measurement Summary DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 39524)

xlsx format: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/19JRu9hwtzxIHzAESo54VOHldygCfo-4L/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=100209911529721077529&rtpof=true&sd=true PDF format: https://drive.google.com/file/d/18OOsBwSkxU3APlsXenY09sqAKOFcLWER/view?usp=sharing

Field Regions

Figure recreated by Kaylin Borders from Microwave Scanning Antennas by R. C. Hansen

Inductive & Capacitive Wireless Power Power Beaming Energy Harvesting Field Regions (for uniformly illuminated apertures)

Roadmap for Power Beaming for Near-term Applications and Space Solar

OECIF SCOPE-M, SCOPE-O

Demonstrated Proposed

Tech Targets Region for Terrestrial Capabilities

Region for Space-based Demos Region for Space-based Capabilities Ground to Ground Ground to Air Air to Ground

Ground to Ground

Space to Ground

Ground to Ground

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