C04_Attach 2_Recovery Plan Appendix C.pdf

This file is Appendix C from the Karner Blue Butterfly Recovery Plan, a U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service document prepared by the Karner Blue Butterfly Recovery Team and approved August 25, 2003, for Region 3 (Great Lakes - Big Rivers Region) headquartered at Fort Snelling, Minnesota.

Appendix C specifically documents nectar plant species used by adult Karner blue butterflies (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) across their habitat range. Table C1 comprehensively lists plant species reported for nectar consumption by Karner blue adults, organized by first brood and second brood life cycles, with herbaceous species and woody species subdivisions. The table provides scientific names, common names, geographic locations (WI, IN, MN, NY, MI, ON, NH, NJ, and others), and reference citations to support each plant record. Species range from common yarrow and thistleweed to specialized plants like wild lupine and various clover species. The document includes 80+ documented plant species from herbaceous plants (cresses, fleabanes, coreopsis, milkweeds, clovers, sunflowers) to woody species (juneberry, dewberry, bramble, blueberry). A literature cited section provides 15 reference sources documenting observations and research on Karner blue butterfly ecology, habitat requirements, and plant preferences across multiple states and Ontario, Canada, supporting the recovery plan's botanical management recommendations.