Attachment 4 - FGS-UK_8Jan2018 rE with Appendices.pdf

US DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

ENVIRONMENTAL

FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS

UNITED KINGDOM

Prepared by the

Air Force Civil Engineer Center, Environmental and Real Property Branch, Europe Division (AFCEC/CFEE) on behalf of the

Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Installations, Environment, and Energy (SAF/IEE)

November 2017

This Page Intentionally Blank

FGS-UK Executive Summary

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

DoDI 4715.05, Environmental Compliance at Installations Outside the United States, establishes policy and assigns responsibilities for managing environmental compliance to protect human health and safety outside the United States (US) on installations under DoD control. The DoDI designates Lead Environmental Components (LECs) for specific countries and geographic locations outside the US and tasks them to perform various duties. Those duties include establishing and maintaining specific environmental compliance requirements all DoD installations located in the LEC's assigned country must obey. DoDI 4715.05 designates the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) as the LEC for the United Kingdom (UK) and authorizes SECAF to delegate LEC responsibilities through the chain-of-command to an appropriate general-level commander. At the present time, SECAF has delegated LEC responsibilities through the chain-of-command to the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Installations, Environment, and Energy (SECAF/IEE). In accordance with Air Force Instruction 32-7091, Environmental Management Outside the United States, the Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) provides support to SAF/IEE in the performance of LEC responsibilities, to include updating Final Governing Standards (FGS).

FGS for a country are environmental compliance standards that include substantive provisions (e.g., technical limits on air emissions or wastewater discharges) and specific management practices (e.g., recordkeeping and reporting requirements) that apply to all DoD installations located in that country unless an exemption or exception applies. In accordance with DoDI 4715.05, FGS do not address remediation of environmental contamination from DoD activities and do not address environmental project planning requirements (i.e., environmental impacts analysis process). Because they apply to all DoD installations in the United Kingdom (UK), the FGS-UK updates described below were developed based on teamwork, cooperation, and consultation among DoD Service Component representatives within the US European Command (USEUCOM) area of responsibility and the EUCOM Theater Environmental Coordinator.

The 2017 FGS-UK update was a full revision of the document. All chapters are current with a legislative cutoff date of 30 September 2016.

Revalidations and Updates IAW DODI 4715.05, Encl 3 (4)(f)

Action Date Posted By

Revision 0: Full Revision (Legislative cutoff date of September 2016)

Nov 2017 SECAF/IEE

FGS-UK Executive Summary

FGS-UK Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

CHAPTER 1 – OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Applicability .......................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 Exemptions ............................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.4 Definitions.............................................................................................................................. 1-2

1.5 Permits and Reporting............................................................................................................ 1-3

1.6 Website References ................................................................................................................ 1-3

1.7 Additional Information .......................................................................................................... 1-3

1.8 Lead Environmental Component ........................................................................................... 1-4

CHAPTER 2 – AIR EMISSIONS ............................................................................................... 2-1

2.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 2-4

CHAPTER 3 – DRINKING WATER ......................................................................................... 3-1

3.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 3-1

3.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 3-4

CHAPTER 4 – WASTEWATER ................................................................................................ 4-1

4.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 4-1

4.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 4-4

CHAPTER 5 – HAZARDOUS MATERIAL .............................................................................. 5-1

5.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 5-1

5.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 5-2

CHAPTER 6 – HAZARDOUS WASTE ..................................................................................... 6-1

6.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 6-1

6.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 6-4

TABLE OF CONTENTS, CONTINUED

Page

CHAPTER 7 – SOLID WASTE .................................................................................................. 7-1

7.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 7-1

7.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 7-1

7.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 7-5

CHAPTER 8 – MEDICAL WASTE ........................................................................................... 8-1

8.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 8-1

8.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 8-1

8.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 8-3

CHAPTER 9 – PETROLEUM, OIL, AND LUBRICANTS (POL) ............................................ 9-1

9.1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 9-1

9.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 9-1

9.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 9-3

CHAPTER 10 – RESERVED .................................................................................................... 10-1

CHAPTER 11 – PESTICIDES .................................................................................................. 11-1

11.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 11-1

11.2. Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 11-1

11.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 11-2

CHAPTER 12 – HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES .............................................. 12-1

12.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 12-1

12.2. Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 12-1

12.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 12-3

CHAPTER 13 – NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENDANGERED SPECIES ....................... 13-1

13.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 13-1

13.2. Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 13-1

13.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 13-2

CHAPTER 14 – POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs) .............................................. 14-1

14.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 14-1

14.2. Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 14-1

14.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 14-3

TABLE OF CONTENTS, CONTINUED

Page

CHAPTER 15 – ASBESTOS .................................................................................................... 15-1

15.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 15-1

15.2. Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 15-1

15.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 15-2

CHAPTER 16 – RESERVED .................................................................................................... 16-1

CHAPTER 17 – LEAD-BASED PAINT. ................................................................................. 17-1

17.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 17-1

17.2. Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 17-1

17.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 17-3

CHAPTER 18 – SPILL PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PLANNING ............................... 18-1

18.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 18-1

18.2. Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 18-1

18.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 18-2

CHAPTER 19 – UNDERGROUNG STORAGE TANKS (USTs) ........................................... 19-1

19.1. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 19-1

19.2. Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 19-1

19.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 19-2

APPENDICES

Appendix AP1 – List of Hazardous Waste / Substances / Materials for Spill Reporting ......... AP-1

Appendix AP2 – Determination of Worst Case Discharge Planning Volume ......................... AP-2

FGS-UK – Chapter 1 Overview

1-1 November 2017

CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW

C1.1. SCOPE

The purpose of these Final Governing Standards (FGS) is to provide specific standards for environmental compliance at Department of Defense (DoD) installations in the United Kingdom (UK). This document implements DoD Instruction (DoDI) 4715.05, "Environmental Compliance at Installations Outside the United States," and is based on DoD 4715.05-G, “Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document” (OEBGD).

C1.2. APPLICABILITY

C1.2.1. This document provides environmental standards for actions for DoD Components at installations in the UK.

C1.2.2. Activities and installations shall notify the Lead Environmental Component (LEC) of any directly conflicting DoD component policies or directives they discover before imposing criteria more protective than provided in these FGS.

C1.2.3. DoD components shall not enter into agreements with European Union (EU) or UK authorities at any level that establish criteria for compliance with environmental criteria different than provided in these FGS without the prior written approval of the LEC.

C1.2.4. Owned, leased, and joint use facilities that are operated or maintained by DoD Components must comply with these standards when, and to the extent that, the Component controls the operation or maintenance activity(ies).

C1.2.5. At leased facilities operated and maintained by others, DoD Components may opt to require compliance with these standards by the lessor or contractor. In any case, lessors and contractors must fully comply with UK legal requirements.

C1.3. EXEMPTIONS: These standards do not apply to:

C1.3.1. DoD installations that do not have more than a de minimis or a very small potential to affect the natural environment (e.g., offices whose operations are primarily administrative, including defense attaché offices, security assistance offices, foreign buying offices or other similar organizations), or for which the DoD Components exercise control only on a temporary or intermittent basis;

C1.3.2. Leased, joint use, and similar facilities to the extent that the DoD does not control the instrumentality or operation that a criterion seeks to regulate;

C1.3.3. Operations of United States (US) military vessels or the operations of US military aircraft, or off-installation operational and training deployments. Off-installation operational

1-2 November 2017 deployments include cases of hostilities, contingency operations in hazardous areas and when US forces are operating as part of a multi-national force not under the full control of the US Such excepted operations and deployments shall be conducted in accordance with applicable international agreements, other DoD Directives (DoDDs) and DoDIs and environmental annexes incorporated into operation plans or operation orders. (However, this FGS does apply to support functions for US military vessels and aircraft provided by the DoD Components, including management or disposal of off-loaded waste or material);

C1.3.4. Facilities and activities associated with the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, which are covered under Executive Order (EO) 12344 “Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program,” and conducted pursuant to 42 US Code (USC) 7158;

C1.3.5. The determination or conduct of remediation to correct environmental problems caused by the DoD’s past activities; and

C1.3.6. Environmental analyses conducted under EO 12114, “Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions.”

C1.4. DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this document, unless otherwise indicated, the following definitions apply:

C1.4.1. Appropriate DoD Medical Authority. The medical professional designated by the in-theater Component Commander to be responsible for resolving medical issues at the Component’s installations.

C1.4.2. Defence Infrastructure Organisation (DIO). Organization that manages the military estate, including accommodation for Service personnel and the US Visiting Forces, on behalf of the Ministry of Defence (MoD). DIO supports and enhances military capability, delivering the full range of services that are required to maintain a diverse, sustainable estate.

C1.4.3. Existing Facility. Any facility/building, source or project in use or under construction before 1 October 1994, unless it is subsequently substantially modified.

C1.4.4. Installation. A base, camp, post, station, yard, center or other activity (e.g., a geographically separated unit) under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of a Military Department that is located outside the US and outside any territory, commonwealth, or possession of the US.

C1.4.5. New Facility. Any facility/building, source or project with a construction start date on, or after, 1 October 1994, or a pre-existing facility that has been substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C1.4.6. RAF Commander. The formal representative of the installation who may serve as the liaison with national authorities and the contact with local authorities and local UK military and civil entities.

C1.4.7. Substantial Modification. Any modification to a facility/building the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

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C1.5. PERMITS AND REPORTING

C1.5.1. Formal interaction or interaction of common (UK and US) interest with UK authorities shall be conducted with the cognizance of the RAF Commander.

C1.5.2. The DoD shall not directly obtain permits from the UK. If a permit is required for DoD activities as listed within these FGS, the DoD Component shall request the RAF Commander to obtain such permit on their behalf. When the RAF Commander obtains a permit on behalf of a DoD Component and the permit requires a more protective standard than prescribed in the FGS, the standard in the permit shall be the compliance standard. However, if a permit allows a less protective standard, then the FGS will be the compliance standard unless a waiver is obtained. DoD Components will assist the RAF Commander with applying for permits and providing reports and records or otherwise helping him with his liaison duties.

C1.5.3. If the installation at issue does not appear to fall under the responsibility of any RAF Commander, the DoD installation shall request clarification from the LEC via the chain of command. The LEC will pursue having higher UK military headquarters resolve representational responsibility, when necessary.

C1.5.4. If no permit is obtained on behalf of the DoD Component after all reasonable efforts have been exhausted, these FGS will be the compliance standards. The DoD Component shall notify the LEC via the chain of command. The LEC will pursue further permit discussions with higher UK military headquarters, as needed.

C1.6. WEBSITE REFERENCES

C1.6.1. References to websites that are not controlled by the DoD are intended for information purposes, solely to facilitate compliance with existing standards in this document.

C1.6.2. Any other requirement, standard or criteria listed in the website shall not be incorporated by reference as a FGS. Reference to the website does not establish any obligation to comply with other requirements, standards, or criteria listed in the website.

C1.6.3. Referenced websites that are not under the control of the DoD may be changed at any time without notice to the DoD.

C1.7. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

C1.7.1. Where economically advantageous and consistent with mission requirements, pollution prevention shall be the preferred means for attaining compliance with these FGS.

C1.7.2. Laboratory analyses necessary to comply with FGS criteria shall normally be conducted in a laboratory that has been certified by a US or UK regulatory authority for the applicable test method. In the absence of a certified laboratory, analyses may also be conducted at a laboratory that has an established reliable record of high-quality assurance compliance with

1-4 November 2017 standards for the applicable test method that are generally recognized by appropriate industry or scientific organizations.

C1.7.3. DoD Components shall establish and implement an environmental audit program to ensure that overseas installations assess compliance with these FGS at least once every 3 years at all major installations.

C1.7.4. Unless otherwise specified, all recordkeeping requirements, including assessments, inspection records, logs, manifests, notices, forms, and formats, are described in accordance with DoD 8910.01-M, Volume 1, “DoD Information Collections Manual: Procedures for DoD Internal Information Collections.”

C1.7.5. These standards do not create any rights or obligations enforceable against the US, the DoD, or any of its Components, nor does it create any standard of care or practice for individuals. Although this document refers to other DoDDs and DoDIs, it is intended only to coordinate the requirements of those directives as required to implement the policies found in DoD Instruction 4715.05. This document does not change other DoDDs or DoDIs or alter DoD policies.

C1.8. LEAD ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT

The LEC for these FGS is the SAF/IEE. However, the point of contact for environmental compliance issues is HQ AFCEC/CFEE.

Questions or comments pertaining to this FGS should be directed to the Air Force Civil Engineer Center, Facilities Engineering Center of Excellence, Europe Division, Environmental and Real Property Branch at:

HQ AFCEC/CFEE

Unit 3101

APO AE 09094-3101

Telephone:

DSN 480-6552

Commercial +49-6371-47-6552

Email:

afcec.cfe.workflow@us.af.mil

FGS-UK – Chapter 2 Air Emissions

2-1 November 2017

CHAPTER 2

AIR EMISSIONS

SCOPE

This chapter contains standards for air emissions sources. Criteria addressing open burning of Solid Waste is contained in Chapter 7. Criteria addressing asbestos are contained in Chapter 15, “Asbestos.”

DEFINITIONS

C2.2.1. Black Smoke. Smoke that appears to be as dark or darker than Shade 4 on a Ringlemann Chart.

C2.2.2. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Compounds consisting of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon atoms which are very stable in the troposphere.

C2.2.3. Coal Refuse. Waste products from coal mining, cleanings and coal preparation operations (e.g., culm, gob, etc.) containing coal, matrix material, clay, and other organic and inorganic material.

C2.2.4. Cold Cleaning Machine. Any device or piece of equipment that contains and/or uses liquid solvent, into which parts are placed to remove soils and other contaminants from the surfaces of the parts or to dry the parts. Cleaning machines that contain and use heated, non-boiling solvent to clean the parts are classified as Cold Cleaning Machines.

C2.2.5. Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerator (CISWI) Units. Any combustion device that combusts commercial and industrial waste in an enclosed device using controlled flame combustion, without energy recovery, that is a distinct operating unit of any commercial or industrial facility (including field-erected, modular, and custom incineration units operating with starved or excess air). CISWI units do NOT include Municipal Waste Combustor Units, Sewage Sludge Incinerators, Medical Waste Incinerators, and Hazardous Waste Combustion Units.

C2.2.6. Dark Smoke. Smoke that appears to be as dark or darker than Shade 2 on a Ringlemann Chart.

C2.2.7. Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) as listed in Table C2.T5.3, and preparations containing these substances, but excluding controlled substances listed at C2.2.20.

C2.2.8. Fossil Fuel. Natural gas, petroleum, coal, and any form of solid, liquid or gaseous fuel derived from such material for the purpose of creating useful heat.

C2.2.9. Freeboard Ratio. The ratio of the solvent cleaning machine freeboard height to the smaller interior dimension (length, width, or diameter) of the solvent cleaning machine.

2-2 November 2017

C2.2.10. Heat Pump. A device or installation that extracts heat at low temperature from air, water or earth and supplies heat to a process, location, or activity.

C2.2.11. Hermetically Sealed System. A system in which all refrigerant containing parts are made tight by welding, brazing or a similar permanent connection which may include capped valves and capped service ports that allow proper repair or disposal and which have a tested leak rate of < 3 grams (0.11 ounces) per year under a pressure of at least a quarter of the maximum allowable pressure of that system.

C2.2.12. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). Compounds comprised of hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon atoms.

C2.2.13. Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC). An organic compound consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon, and where no more than six carbon atoms are contained in the molecule; and often used as a replacement for Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS).

C2.2.14. Incinerator. Any furnace used in the process of burning solid or liquid waste for the purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by removing combustible matter, including equipment with heat recovery systems for either hot water or steam generation. An Incinerator includes the site and the entire Incinerator including all incineration lines, waste reception, storage, on site pre-treatment facilities, waste-fuel and air-supply systems, boiler, facilities for the treatment of exhaust gases, on-site facilities for treatment or storage of residues and waste water, stack, devices and systems for controlling incineration operations recording and monitoring incineration conditions.

C2.2.15. Leak Detection System. A calibrated mechanical, electrical or electronic device for detecting leaks of fluorinated greenhouse gases which, on detection, alerts the operator.

C2.2.16. Motor Vehicle. Any commercially available vehicle that is not adapted to military use which is self-propelled and designed for transporting persons or property on a street or highway, including but not limited to passenger cars, light duty vehicles, and heavy duty vehicles.

C2.2.17. Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) Units. Any equipment that combusts solid, liquid, or gasified municipal solid waste (MSW) including, but not limited to, field-erected MWC units (with or without heat recovery), modular MWC units (starved-air or excess-air), boilers (for example, steam generating units), furnaces (whether suspension-fired, grate-fired, mass-fired, air curtain Incinerators, or fluidized bed-fired), and Pyrolysis/combustion units.

Municipal waste combustion units do NOT include Pyrolysis or MWC units located at a plastics or rubber recycling unit, cement kilns that combust MSW, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or other combustion devices that combust landfill gases collected by landfill gas collection systems.

C2.2.18. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Any household, commercial/retail, or institutional waste. Household waste includes material discarded from residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other similar permanent or temporary housing. Commercial/retail waste includes material discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing activities at industrial facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Institutional waste includes materials

2-3 November 2017 discarded by schools, hospitals (nonmedical), nonmanufacturing activities at prisons and government facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Household, commercial/ retail, and institutional waste does include yard waste and refuse-derived fuel. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does not include Used Oil; sewage sludge; wood pallets; construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which include railroad ties and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process or manufacturing wastes; medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor vehicle parts or vehicle fluff).

C2.2.19. New Source. Any facility/building, source, unit or project with a construction start date on, or after, 1 October 1994, or a pre-existing facility/building, source, unit or project that has been substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C2.2.20. Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS). Substances having the potential to destroy ozone in the stratosphere. They include the following, and are specifically identified in Table C2.T5.1;

C2.2.20.1. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs);

C2.2.20.2. Other Fully Halogenated Chlorofluorocarbons;

C2.2.20.3. Halons;

C2.2.20.4. Carbon Tetrachloride;

C2.2.20.5. 1,1,1-trichloroethane (Methyl Chloroform);

C2.2.20.6. Methyl Bromide;

C2.2.20.7. Hydrobromofluorocarbons;

C2.2.20.8. Bromochloromethane; and

C2.2.20.9. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).

C2.2.21. Pathological Waste. Waste material consisting of only human or animal remains, anatomical parts, and/or tissue, the bags/containers used to collect and transport the waste material, and animal bedding (if applicable).

C2.2.22. Perfluorocarbon (PFC). An organic compound consisting solely of carbon and fluorine, and where no more than six carbon atoms are contained in the molecule; and often used as a replacement for ODS.

C2.2.23. Process Heater. A device that is primarily used to heat a material to initiate or promote a chemical reaction in which the material participates as a reactant or catalyst.

C2.2.24. Pyrolysis. The endothermic gasification of hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste using external energy.

2-4 November 2017

C2.2.25. Reclamation. The reprocessing and upgrading of a recovered controlled substance through such processes as filtering, drying, distillation and chemical treatment in order to restore the substance to a specified standard of performance, which often involves processing off site at a central facility. It also means the reprocessing of a recovered Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas in order to meet a specified standard of performance.

C2.2.26. Recovery. The collection and the storage of controlled substances or Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases from, for example, machinery, equipment and containment vessels during services or before disposal.

C2.2.27. Recycling. The reuse of a recovered controlled substance or Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases following a basic cleaning process such as filtering and drying. For ODS refrigerants, recycling normally involves recharge back into equipment and is often carried out on site.

C2.2.28. Ringlemann Chart. Reference standard depicting gradations in shading in 20% increments from 0 (white) to 5 (black).

C2.2.29. Stack. Any point in a source covered by criteria contained in C2.3.1, C2.3.2, C2.3.3, C2.3.4, or C2.3.5 designed to emit pollutants.

C2.2.30. Steam/Hot Water Generating Unit. A device that combusts any fuel and produces steam or heats water or any other heat transfer medium. This definition does not include nuclear steam generators or Process Heaters.

C2.2.31. Substantially-Modified. Any modification to a facility/building, the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

C2.2.32. Vapor Cleaning Machine. A batch or in-line solvent cleaning machine that boils liquid solvent which generates solvent vapor that is used as a part of the cleaning or drying cycle.

C2.2.33. Vapor-Recovery Unit. Any equipment used for the recovery of Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants (POL) from vapors, including any buffer reservoir systems at a Loading/Unloading Area.

C2.2.34. Wood Residue. Bark, sawdust, slabs, chips, shavings, mill trim, and other wood products derived from wood processing and forest management operations.

CRITERIA

C2.3.1. Steam/Hot Water Generating Units. All installations with steam/hot water generating units with an aggregate capacity exceeding 20 megawatts (68.3 million British thermal units per hour [BTU/hr]) using standard fuels, or a capacity > 0.4 megawatts (1.37 million BTU/hr) burning fuels made from or including waste materials, shall contact the LEC to determine compliance and permitting criteria. Additionally, the following standards apply to all steam/hot water generating units that commenced construction on or after 1 October 1994 or that were substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

2-5 November 2017

C2.3.1.1. Air Emission Standards. The following criteria apply to units with a maximum design heat input capacity ≥ 2.93 megawatts (10 million BTU/hr):

C2.3.1.1.1. Steam/hot water generating units and associated emissions controls, if applicable, must be designed to meet the emission standards for specific sized units shown in Table C2.T1 at all times, except during periods of start up, shut down, soot blowing, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.1.1.2. For units combusting liquid or solid fossil fuels, fuel sulfur content (weight percent) and higher heating value will be measured and recorded for each new shipment of fuel. Use these data to calculate sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions and document compliance with the SO2 limits using the equation in Table C2.T1. Alternatively, install a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system to measure the flue gas for SO2 and either oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide (CO2).

C2.3.1.2. Air Emissions Monitoring. Steam/hot water generating units subject to opacity or nitrogen oxides (NOX) standards in Table C2.T1 must have a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) to measure the flue gas as follows:

C2.3.1.2.1. For units with a maximum design heat input capacity > 8.8 megawatts (30 million Btu/hr): Opacity, except that CEMS is not required where gaseous or distillate fuels are the only fuels combusted.

C2.3.1.2.2. For fossil fuel fired units with a maximum design heat input capacity > 100 million Btu/hr: NOX and either O2 or CO2.

C2.3.1.3. Smoke Limitations. Units must not produce Dark or Black Smoke. This provision does not apply to:

C2.3.1.3.1. Smoke due solely to the lighting up of the unit when cold;

C2.3.1.3.2. Smoke due solely to some failure of the apparatus;

C2.3.1.3.3. Smoke due solely to the use of an unsuitable fuel if suitable fuel was unobtainable, the least unsuitable fuel was used, and all practicable steps were taken to prevent or minimize smoke from the use of the fuel.

C2.3.2. Incinerators. All installations with Incinerators of any kind must contact the RAF Commander to determine permitting requirements. If a permit is received, the installations shall adhere to the conditions of the permit. However, if the permit conditions require a less protective standard than the emission standards prescribed in this section, then these FGS shall be the compliance criteria.

C2.3.2.1. All Incinerators shall achieve a temperature in primary chamber of at least 850°C (1,560°F) for a residence time of 2 seconds or more. If wastes containing > 1% halogenated substances are to be incinerated, the minimum temperature must be raised to 1,100°C (2,000°F).

2-6 November 2017

C2.3.2.2. All Incinerators shall meet the air emissions standards found in Table C2.T2.

C2.3.2.3. The following additional requirements do not apply to Incinerators combusting hazardous waste or munitions. Refer to Chapter 6, “Hazardous Waste” for information regarding hazardous waste disposal and incineration.

C2.3.2.4. Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerators (CISWI). All CISWI units must also comply with the emission standards prescribed in Table C2.T3 and operating limits in Table C2.T4.

C2.3.2.5. Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) Units. Each MWC unit must also comply with the emission standards prescribed in Table C2.T3 and operating limits in Table C2.T4.

C2.3.2.6. Sewage Sludge Incinerators. All sewage sludge Incinerators that commenced construction on or after 1 October 1994 or that were substantially modified since 1 October 1994 and that burn more than 1 ton per day (tpd) of sewage sludge or more than 10% sewage sludge must also be designed to meet a particulate emission limit of 0.65 g/kg dry sludge (1.30 lb/ton dry sludge) and an opacity limit of 20% at all times, except during periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.2.7. Medical Waste Incinerators (MWI). The following standards apply to all units.

These requirements do not apply to portable units (field deployable), Pyrolysis units, or units that burn only pathological, low-level radioactive waste, or chemotherapeutic waste. Refer to Chapter 8, “Medical Waste Management”, for other requirements pertaining to medical waste management.

C2.3.2.7.1. All MWI must be designed and operated according to the following good combustion practices (GCP):

C2.3.2.7.1.1. Unit design: dual chamber.

C2.3.2.7.1.2. Minimum temperature in primary chamber: 850-871°C (1400- 1600°F).

C2.3.2.7.1.3. Minimum temperature in secondary chamber: 982-1205°C (1800- 2200°F).

C2.3.2.7.1.4. Minimum residence time in the secondary chamber: 2 seconds

C2.3.2.7.1.5. Incinerator operators must be trained in accordance with applicable Service requirements.

C2.3.3. Dry Cleaning Using Volatile Organic Compounds. All installations with dry cleaning operations involving the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) must contact the RAF Commander to determine permitting requirements. All dry cleaning machines using VOCs to clean garments, furnishings and similar consumer goods must meet the emission limit values

2-7 November 2017 of 20 g (0.7 oz) of solvent emitted per 1 kg (2.2 lb) of product (i.e., clothes, furniture, consumer goods) cleaned and dried within the machine.

C2.3.3.1. Perchloroethylene (PCE, CAS# 127-18-4) Dry Cleaning Machines. The following requirements apply to all PCE dry cleaning machines. These requirements do not apply to coin-operated machines.

C2.3.3.1.1. Emissions from PCE dry cleaning machines installed before 1 October 1994 that use more than 9,460 liters (2000 US gallons) per year of PCE (installation wide) in their dry cleaning operations, must be controlled with a refrigerated condenser, unless a carbon absorber was already installed. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at 7°C (45°F) or less. Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.3.1.2. All PCE dry cleaning systems installed on or after 1 October 1994 must be of the dry-to-dry design with emissions controlled by a refrigerated condenser. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at 7°C (45°F) or less. Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.4. Electroplating and Anodizing Tanks. Installations with electroplating and anodizing processes with a combined tank capacity >30 meters³ (7,925 US gallons) or those that emit oxides of nitrogen (NOx) (i.e., processes where nitric acid, nitrates, or nitrites are used as reagents, etc.) shall contact the RAF Commander to determine permitting requirements. If a permit is obtained, the installation shall adhere to the conditions of the permit. If the permit conditions require a less protective standard than those listed below, then the emission standards prescribed in this section will be the compliance standard.

C2.3.4.1. Chromium Electroplating and Chromium Anodizing Tanks. Chromium electroplating and anodizing tanks must comply with one of the three methods below for controlling chromium emissions. Implement one of the following methods that is most appropriate to suit local conditions, unless a permit requires a more stringent standard.

C2.3.4.1.1. Option 1: Limit chromium emissions in the ventilation exhaust to 0.015 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (mg/dscm). Control devices/methods must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.4.1.2. Option 2: Use chemical tank additives to prevent the surface tension of the electroplating or anodizing bath from exceeding 45 dynes per centimeter (cm) as measured by a stalagmometer or 35 dynes/cm as measured by a tensiometer. Measure the surface tension prior to the first initiation of electric current on a given day and every 4 hours thereafter.

C2.3.4.1.3. Option 3: Limit chromium emissions to the maximum allowable mass emission rate (MAMER) calculated using the following equation: MAMER = ETSA x K x 0.015 mg/dscm, where: MAMER = the alternative emission rate for enclosed hard chromium electroplating tanks in mg/hr; ETSA = the hard chromium electroplating tank surface area in square feet (ft2); K = a conversion factor, 425 dscm/(ft2-hr). Option 3 is ONLY applicable to hard chrome electroplating tanks equipped with an enclosing hood and ventilated at half the rate or less than that of an open surface tank of the same surface area.

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C2.3.5. Halogenated Solvent Cleaning Machines. Facilities exceeding the solvent consumption thresholds of Table C2.T7 shall meet the emissions limits found in Table C2.T7 and contact the RAF Commander to determine permitting requirements. If a permit is obtained and the emissions limits are more stringent than those found in Table C2.T7, the installation shall adhere to the conditions of the permit.

C2.3.5.1. Additionally and unless a more stringent permit condition exists, the following requirements apply to all solvent cleaning machines that use solvent which contains more than 5% by weight: methylene chloride (CAS No.75-09-2), perchloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4), trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01-6), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (CAS No. 71-55-6), carbon tetrachloride (CAS No. 56-23-5), and chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3), or any combination of these halogenated solvents.

C2.3.5.1.1. All Cold Cleaning Machines (remote reservoir and immersion tanks) must be covered when not in use. Additionally, immersion type Cold Cleaning Machines must have either a 1-inch water layer or a Freeboard Ratio of at least 0.75.

C2.3.5.1.2. All Vapor Cleaning Machines (vapor degreasers) must incorporate design and work practices which minimize the direct release of halogenated solvent to the atmosphere.

C2.3.6. Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) listed in Table C2.T5.1 Uses and Prohibitions.

C2.3.6.1. Maintenance or servicing of products and equipment containing the ODS listed in Table C2.T5.1 is prohibited, with the exception of those uses listed in paragraphs C2.3.6.1.1 and C2.3.6.1.2. Running an existing system (e.g., using a refrigerator) would not be classified as maintaining or servicing.

C2.3.6.1.1. Allowed Use of ODS. ODS listed in Table C2.T4.1 can be used as a feedstock, a process agent where emissions are insignificant, and for essential laboratory and analytical uses. Use of any of these ODS other than Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) for laboratory use shall be reported to the RAF Commander.

C2.3.6.1.2. Allowed Use of Methyl Bromide. Methyl bromide may be used for quarantine and pre-shipment applications. Methyl bromide may also be used in an emergency where unexpected outbreaks of particular pests or diseases so require. Consult with the RAF Commander prior to emergency use.

C2.3.7. Control of ODS listed in Table C2.T5.1 and Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases listed in Table C2.T5.3. The following criteria apply to direct atmospheric emissions of ODS and Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases from refrigeration equipment and fire suppression equipment.

C2.3.7.1. Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling. All repairs, including leak repairs or services to equipment, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners, must be performed using commercially available refrigerant recovery/recycling equipment operated by trained personnel. Operators shall be trained in proper recovery/recycling procedures, leak detection, safety, shipping, and disposal in accordance with recognized industry standards or UK equivalent.

2-9 November 2017

C2.3.7.2. Refrigerant Venting Prohibition. Any class I or class II ODS, HFC, PFC and fluorinated greenhouse gas refrigerant, identified in Table C2.T5.1 and Table C2.T5.3 shall not be intentionally released in the course of maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of appliances, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners. De minimis releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover ODS, HFC, PFC and Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas refrigerants are not subject to this prohibition.

C2.3.7.3. General ODS Refrigerant (Table C2.T5.1) and Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas (Table C2.T5.3) Leak Monitoring and Repair. Monitor and repair equipment in accordance with the following criteria and repair, if found to be leaking.

C2.3.7.3.1. Equipment containing 3 kg (6.6 lbs) or more of ODS refrigerant or 5 tonnes of CO2 equivalent charge of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases shall be checked for leaks at least once every 12 months; this shall not apply to equipment with Hermetically Sealed Systems, which are labeled as such and contain < 6 kg (13.2 lbs) of ODS or 10 tonnes of CO2 equivalent charge of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases (see the notes of Table C2.T5.3 to determine tonnes of CO2 equivalent).

C2.3.7.3.2. Equipment containing 30 kg (66 lbs) or more of ODS refrigerant or 50 tonnes of CO2 equivalent charge of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases shall be checked for leaks at least once every 6 months (see the notes of Table C2.T5.3 to determine tonnes of CO2 equivalent).

C2.3.7.3.3. Equipment containing 300 kg (660 lbs) or more of ODS refrigerant or Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases shall be checked for leaks at least once every 3 months (see the notes of Table C2.T5.3 to determine tonnes of CO2 equivalent).

C2.3.7.3.4. Installations operating equipment containing 500 tonnes of CO2 equivalent charge or more of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases, shall install Leak Detection Systems. The Leak Detection Systems on equipment containing Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases shall be checked at least once every 12 months to ensure their proper functioning.

C2.3.7.3.5. Where a properly functioning appropriate Leak Detection System is in place on equipment containing Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases, the frequency of the checks required under C2.3.7.3.2 and C2.3.7.3.3 shall be halved.

C2.3.7.3.6. All equipment shall be checked for leaks within one month after a leak has been repaired to ensure that the repair has been effective.

C2.3.7.4. Additional Leak Monitoring and Repair For Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas (Table C2.T5.3) Fire Protection Systems. Installations must monitor fire protection systems containing 3 kg (6.6 lbs) or more of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases and make repairs to any leaks according to the following criteria:

C2.3.7.4.1. Pressure gauges and weight-monitoring devices shall be checked once every 12 months to ensure proper functioning.

2-10 November 2017

C2.3.7.4.2. A leak test shall be performed prior to recharging of equipment.

C2.3.7.4.3. Newly installed fire protection systems shall be checked for leaks immediately after they have been placed into service.

C2.3.7.5. Additional Leak Monitoring and Repair for Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas (Table C2.T5.3) Heating and Cooling Systems. Leak Monitoring and Repair of working and temporarily out of operation stationary refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump equipment containing 3 kg (6.6 lbs) or more of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases, shall meet the following.

C2.3.7.5.1. Prior to any repair, a pump-down or recovery shall be carried out, where necessary.

C2.3.7.5.2. A leak test with Oxygen-Free Nitrogen (OFN) or another suitable pressure testing and drying gas shall be carried out where necessary, followed by evacuation, recharge and leak-test.

C2.3.7.5.3. Before pressure testing, Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases shall be recovered from the appliance, where necessary.

C2.3.7.5.4. The cause of any leak shall be identified to the extent possible, to avoid recurrence.

C2.3.7.5.5. Newly installed refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump equipment shall be checked for leaks immediately after they have been placed into service.

C2.3.7.6. ODS Refrigerant (Table C2.T5.1) and Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas (Table C2.T5.3) Recovery.

C2.3.7.6.1. Technicians must ensure the proper recovery of ODS refrigerant or Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases from refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump equipment, equipment containing solvents, fire protection systems and fire extinguishers, and high-voltage switchgear prior to its disposal and, when appropriate, during its servicing and maintenance.

C2.3.7.6.2. ODS refrigerants and Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases contained in other products and equipment not listed in C2.3.7.6.1 shall, to the extent that it is technically feasible and does not entail disproportionate cost, be recovered to ensure their recycling, reclamation or destruction prior to its disposal and, when appropriate, during its servicing and maintenance.

C2.3.7.6.3.