Attachment 3.pdf

®NFPA

Standard for Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Vehicles

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IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA

STANDARDS

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ISBN: 978-145592336-6 (PDF)

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ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA

STANDARDS

Updating of NFPA Standards

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414-1

NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.

Copyright © 2019 National Fire Protection Association®. All Rights Reserved.

NFPA® 414

Standard for

Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Vehicles

2020 Edition

This edition of NFPA 414, Standard for Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Vehicles, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting. It was issued by the Standards Council on April 28, 2019, with an effective date of May 18, 2019, and supersedes all previous editions.

This edition of NFPA 414 was approved as an American National Standard on May 18, 2019.

Origin and Development of NFPA 414

In 1960, a tentative edition of this standard was adopted by the Association. The original document was further revised in 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1975, and 1978.

In 1984, the standard was revised completely to identify three types of vehicles and to make the document easier to use. The text also was rewritten to conform with the Manual of Style.

The standard was revised again in 1990, and a chapter was added to provide a test method to verify the design requirements.

Notable revisions to the 1995 edition included the removal of requirements for a separate category of rapid intervention vehicle.

The major change for the 2001 edition was the combination of major fire-fighting vehicles and combined agent vehicles. Additionally, a table concisely provided many requirements that previously were covered by numerous paragraphs.

The 2007 revision included minor changes to the document plus the addition of a new chapter on interior access vehicles.

For the 2012 edition of NFPA 414, the committee went through the entire document and made a multitude of changes to the requirements. Those changes included the addition of an equivalency statement, to provide the AHJ or purchaser some flexibility when it comes to meeting the requirements. There was also a new emphasis placed on Chapter 5, which deals with aircraft interior access vehicles. This was due largely to the increase in need for these vehicles based on the increased size of aircraft as well as some limitations to traditional aircraft rescue and fire-fighting (ARFF) vehicles, whose primary function is fire fighting. These vehicles assist in the evacuation of passengers from aircraft in addition to the use of evacuation slides or if the slides are not appropriate for use and deployment.

Another important item addressed in the 2012 edition was that many ARFF vehicles are operated by a single person and that many of the devices and warnings/alarms are now designed with a single user/operator in mind. Generally speaking, many of the changes or enhancements that were introduced into the 2012 edition revolved around the development and use of larger aircraft, such as the A-380 and the Boeing Dreamliner, as well as the composite materials from which they are manufactured. The capacities for ARFF vehicles have to be increased to address this change in aircraft as well as to ensure that the vehicles are still able to meet prescribed response time standards.

The committee had also addressed the environmental impact some extinguishing agents pose and either limited them or removed them from the document and replaced them with acceptable alternatives. The committee also reviewed the entire document to ensure that it was consistent with the source documents, with commonly accepted practices as they relate to the ARFF industry, and with the Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committee Documents.

The 2017 edition revisions included updates to referenced publications and definitions and a rewrite of Chapter 5, Aircraft Interior Access Vehicles. This rewrite included the addition of language to address cab visibility, cab construction, equipment, AIAV body, docking platform, acceptance

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2020 Edition criteria, and testing. Revisions also included extracted language from NFPA 1901 on SCBA mounting and a full extract of NFPA 1901 language for Chapter 6, Electrical System Performance Tests.

The 2020 edition adds new requirements for forward-looking infrared cameras mounted on ARFF vehicles. Clarifications have been made to the definitions and requirements for boom-mounted turrets to align more accurately with industry practices. Extensive changes have been made to prototype vehicle testing procedures, with lists specifying the various testing procedures that need to be conducted based on changes made to existing vehicles. References are updated throughout the document, and minor editorial changes have been made.

The Technical Committee on Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting wishes to dedicate this edition of NFPA 414, Standard on Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Vehicles, to the memory of Ralph Colet. Ralph became a principal member of the committee in 1993 and was a tireless advocate for alternative viewpoints throughout his tenure on the committee. Many of the requirements of the standard exist solely because of Ralph’s passion and vision. Ralph became ill at a technical committee meeting in Seattle, Washington, in 2017 and passed away shortly after. He will forever be remembered by all of the committee members who knew him.

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COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 414-3

Technical Committee on Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting

Robert C. Mathis, Chair The Port Of Portland Fire And Rescue, WA [E]

John W. McDonald, Secretary U.S. General Services Administration, MD [U]

Rep. U.S. General Services Administration

Gerard G. Back, JENSEN HUGHES, MD [SE]

Keith W. Bagot, U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, NJ [RT] Rep. U.S. Federal Aviation Administration

Ralph B. Colet, JRI Inc., CA [M]

Howard “Ted” Costa, Massport Fire Rescue, MA [U]

Ross A. Davidson, U.S. Department of the Navy, CA [E] Rep. U.S. Department of the Navy

Graeme Day, LHR Airports Limited, United Kingdom [U]

Hanh Deniston, Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, VA [L]

Rep. International Association of Fire Fighters

Michael Flores, Los Angeles Fire Department, CA [U]

Patrick T. Ginnaty-Moore, UL LLC, IL [RT]

Martin Gravel, Department of National Defence, Canada, Canada [E]

Neil Gray, United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority, United Kingdom [E]

Denny J. Heitman, U.S. Department of the Air Force, IL [E]

Elizabeth A. Hendel, Phoenix Fire Department, AZ [E]

Rene Herron, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Worldwide, FL [SE]

Ronald E. Jones, E-One, Inc., FL [M]

Ronald J. Krusleski, Houston Fire Department ARFF, TX [SE] Rep. Aircraft Rescue & Fire Fighting Working Group, Inc.

David Scott Lanter, Blue Grass Airport, KY [C] Rep. Airports Council International-North America

Stephen Listerman, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport Fire Department, OH [E]

James Lonergan, American Pacific Corporation (AMPAC), PA [M] Rep. Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association

John Anderson Maddox, Lakeland Fire Department, FL [U]

William K. Major, Buffalo Niagara International Airport Fire Department, NY [L]

Graydon L. Matheson, King County Sheriff’s Office-ARFF Division, WA [U]

John E. McLoughlin, American Airlines, FL [SE]

Travis W. McNichols, Port Authority Of NY and NJ, NY [C] Rep. American Association of Airport Executives

Kevin J. Petit, IDEX Corp/Akron Brass Company, OH [M]

Danny M. Pierce, ARFF Solutions, CA [SE]

Paul W. Powell, Rosenbauer America, TX [M] Rep. Fire Apparatus Manufacturers Association

Jason Shively, Oshkosh Corporation, WI [M]

Marc S. Tonnacliff, U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, DC [E] Rep. U.S. Federal Aviation Administration

Christopher A. Toten, U.S. Marine Corps, TX [E]

Alternates

Gary David Barthram, Heathrow Airport Fire Service, United Kingdom [U]

(Alt. to Graeme Day)

Daniel Buckingham, U.S. General Services Administration, DC [U] (Alt. to John W. McDonald)

Dale Clarence Carnes, Sacramento County Airports, CA [E] (Alt. to Elizabeth A. Hendel)

Robert L. Darwin, Saalex Solutions, VA [C] (Alt. to Ross A. Davidson)

Benoit Gagnon, Canadian Forces Fire Marshal, Canada [E] (Alt. to Martin Gravel)

Richard Gentry, Indianapolis Airport Authority, IN [E] (Alt. to Stephen Listerman)

Al Gulamali, Lee County Port Authority, FL [C] (Alt. to David Scott Lanter)

James E. Johannessen, UL LLC, PA [RT] (Alt. to Patrick T. Ginnaty-Moore)

Duane F. Kann, Rosenbauer, MN [M] (Alt. to Paul W. Powell)

Jeffrey Lassell, UPS Airlines, KY [SE] (Alt. to Ronald J. Krusleski)

Thomas W. Littlepage, Evansville Airport Authority, IN [U] (Alt. to John Anderson Maddox)

Kevin Matlock, U.S. Air Force, FL [E] (Alt. to Denny J. Heitman)

Paul Joseph Nye, Allison Park, PA [L] (Alt. to Hanh Deniston)

James Price, U.S. Department of Transportation, GA [E] (Alt. to Marc S. Tonnacliff)

Joseph L. Scheffey, JENSEN HUGHES, MD [SE] (Alt. to Gerard G. Back)

Steven Schwartz, Oshkosh Corporation, WI [M] (Alt. to Jason Shively)

Oscar L. Scott, Los Angeles Fire Department, CA [U] (Alt. to Michael Flores)

Darrell Sooter, The Boeing Company, SC [M] (Voting Alt.)

Leroy Stephens, E-One, FL [M] (Alt. to Ronald E. Jones)

Jonathan Torres, FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center, NJ [RT] (Alt. to Keith W. Bagot)

Tim Vanfleet, IDEX Corp/Akron Brass Company, OH [M] (Alt. to Kevin J. Petit)

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AIRCRAFT RESCUE AND FIRE-FIGHTING VEHICLES414-4

Nonvoting

Francois Villard, Fire Safety Security Crisis Management Training, Switzerland [SE]

L. M. Krasner, Medfield, MA [SE] (Member Emeritus)

Thomas J. Lett, Albuquerque Fire & Safety Associates, NM [SE] (Member Emeritus)

Jeremy Souza, NFPA Staff Liaison

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition.

Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document.

NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for aircraft rescue and fire-fighting (ARFF) documents used by organizations providing ARFF services for operational procedures; training; foam testing and application; specialized equipment; and planning for aircraft emergencies.

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CONTENTS 414-5

Contents

Chapter 1 Administration ............................................ 414– 6

1.1 Scope. ................................................................... 414– 6

1.2 Purpose. ............................................................... 414– 6

1.3 Equivalency. ......................................................... 414– 6

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications ............................ 414– 6

2.1 General. ................................................................ 414– 6

2.2 NFPA Publications. .............................................. 414– 6

2.3 Other Publications. ............................................. 414– 6

2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections. 414– 7

Chapter 3 Definitions ................................................... 414– 7

3.1 General. ................................................................ 414– 7

3.2 NFPA Official Definitions. .................................. 414– 7

3.3 General Definitions. ............................................ 414– 7

Chapter 4 Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Vehicles ........................................................ 414– 10

4.1 General. ................................................................ 414– 10

4.2 Requirements for All Aircraft Rescue and Fire-

Fighting Vehicles — Responsibility of Contractors/Suppliers. ....................................... 414– 10

4.3 Weights and Dimensions. .................................... 414– 18

4.4 Engine. ................................................................. 414– 19

4.5 Vehicle Electrical System. .................................... 414– 20

4.6 Vehicle Drive. ....................................................... 414– 21

4.7 Suspension. .......................................................... 414– 22

4.8 Rims, Tires, and Wheels. ..................................... 414– 22

4.9 Towing Connections. ........................................... 414– 22

4.10 Brakes. .................................................................. 414– 22

4.11 Steering. ............................................................... 414– 22

4.12 Cab. ....................................................................... 414– 22

4.13 Body. ..................................................................... 414– 25

4.14 Fire-Fighting Systems and Agents. ...................... 414– 25

4.15 Agent Pump(s) and Pump Drive. ....................... 414– 26

4.16 Water Tank. .......................................................... 414– 26

4.17 Foam System. ....................................................... 414– 27

4.18 Premixed Foam Solutions. .................................. 414– 28

4.19 Turret Nozzles. ..................................................... 414– 29

4.20 Preconnected Handlines. ................................... 414– 31

4.21 Turret, Ground Sweep, and Undertruck

Nozzles. ................................................................ 414– 31

4.22 Complementary Agent System. .......................... 414– 32

4.23 Halogenated Agent. ............................................ 414– 32

4.24 Dry Chemical Turret. .......................................... 414– 33

4.25 Lighting and Electrical Equipment. ................... 414– 34

4.26 Application. .......................................................... 414– 34

Chapter 5 Aircraft Interior Access Vehicle ................. 414– 34

5.1 General. ................................................................ 414– 34

5.2 AIAV Vehicle Requirements. ............................... 414– 35

5.3 AIAV Body. ........................................................... 414– 36

5.4 AIAV Aircraft Access/Egress. .............................. 414– 36

5.5 AIAV Docking Platform. ...................................... 414– 36

5.6 AIAV Performance Requirements. ..................... 414– 36

5.7 AIAV Safety Requirements. ................................. 414– 36

5.8 AIAV Acceptance Criteria. .................................. 414– 38

Chapter 6 Acceptance Criteria .................................... 414– 40

6.1 General. ................................................................ 414– 40

6.2 Component Manufacturer's Certification. ........ 414– 40

6.3 Prototype Vehicle Tests. ...................................... 414– 41

6.4 Operational Tests. ................................................ 414– 54

Annex A Explanatory Material .................................. 414– 58

Annex B Line Voltage Electrical Systems .................. 414– 71

Annex C Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Vehicle Questionnaire ............................................. 414– 80

Annex D Driver's Enhanced Vision System .............. 414– 86

Annex E Informational References .......................... 414– 88

Index ..................................................................... 414– 90

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2020 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.

NFPA 414

Standard for

Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Vehicles

2020 Edition

IMPORTANT NOTE: This NFPA document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning NFPA Standards.” They can also be viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers or obtained on request from NFPA.

UPDATES, ALERTS, AND FUTURE EDITIONS: New editions of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (i.e., NFPA Standards) are released on scheduled revision cycles. This edition may be superseded by a later one, or it may be amended outside of its scheduled revision cycle through the issuance of Tenta‐ tive Interim Amendments (TIAs). An official NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document, together with all TIAs and Errata in effect. To verify that this document is the current edition or to determine if it has been amended by TIAs or Errata, please consult the National Fire Codes® Subscription Service or the “List of NFPA Codes & Standards” at www.nfpa.org/docinfo.

In addition to TIAs and Errata, the document information pages also include the option to sign up for alerts for individual documents and to be involved in the development of the next edition.

NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on the paragraph can be found in Annex A.

A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or paragraph indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA document. Extracted text may be edited for consistency and style and may include the revision of internal paragraph refer‐ ences and other references as appropriate. Requests for inter‐ pretations or revisions of extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee responsible for the source document.

Information on referenced and extracted publications can be found in Chapter 2 and Annex E.

Chapter 1 Administration

1.1 Scope.

1.1.1* This standard specifies the minimum design, perform‐ ance, and acceptance criteria for aircraft rescue and fire-fighting (ARFF) vehicles intended to transport personnel and equipment to the scene of an aircraft emergency for the purpose of rescuing occupants and conducting rescue and fire-fighting operations.

1.1.2 Vehicles without wheels, such as track, amphibious, or

air-cushion types, are not covered by this standard.

1.2 Purpose.

1.2.1 The purpose of this standard is to specify features and components that, when assembled, produce an efficient and capable fire-fighting vehicle for both on-pavement and off-pavement performance. Off-pavement capability is important to ensure timely and effective response of these vehicles to aircraft accident sites located off paved surfaces.

1.2.2 It is not the purpose of this standard to serve as a

detailed purchase specification. Drafting of complete specifica‐ tions for bidding purposes is the responsibility of the purchaser.

1.3 Equivalency. Nothing in this standard is intended to

prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durabil‐ ity, and safety over those prescribed by this standard.

1.3.1 Technical documentation shall be submitted to the

authority having jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency.

1.3.2 The system, method, or device employed shall be

demonstrated to meet the acceptance criteria for the intended purpose to the authority having jurisdiction.

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications

2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this standard and shall be considered part of the requirements of this document.

2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.

NFPA 412, Standard for Evaluating Aircraft Rescue and Fire- Fighting Foam Equipment, 2020 edition.

NFPA 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, 2016 edition.

NFPA 1961, Standard on Fire Hose, 2020 edition.

NFPA 1964, Standard for Spray Nozzles, 2018 edition.

2.3 Other Publications.

2.3.1 ANSI Publications. American National Standards Insti‐

tute, Inc., 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.

ANSI S1.4, Specification for Sound Level Meters, 1983.

2.3.2 ASME Publications. American Society of Mechanical

Engineers, Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 1992.

2.3.3 ASTM Publications. ASTM International, 100 Barr

Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

ASTM D4956, Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control, 1994.

2.3.4 FAA Publications. Federal Aviation Administration, 800

Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591. https:// www.faa.gov/airports/resources/advisory_circulars/

FAA Advisory Circular No. 150/5210-19A, Driver's Enhanced Vision System (DEVS).

2.3.5 NATO Publications. Global Engineering Documents, An IHS Company, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112.

NATO Document, Dynamic Stability Report—Allied Vehicle Test‐ ing Publication (AVTP), 03–16W.

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DEFINITIONS 414-7

Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2020 Edition

2.3.6 SAE Publications. SAE International, Society of Auto‐

motive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.

SAE AIR1375D, Minimum Safety Requirements for Special Purpose Airline Ground Support Equipment, 2014.

SAE AIR6133, Design and Safety Criteria for Passenger Boarding Stairways, 2013.

SAE J156, Fusible Links, 1997.

SAE J551/1, Performance Levels and Methods of Measurement of Electromagnetic Compatibility of Vehicles, Boats (up to 15 m), and Machines (16.6 Hz to 18 GHz), 2010.

SAE J553, Circuit Breakers, 1996.

SAE J554, Electric Fuses (Cartridge Type), 1987.

SAE J994, Standard on Alarm-Backup-Electric Laboratory Perform‐ ance Testing, 1993.

SAE J1127, Low Voltage Battery Cable, 1995.

SAE J1128, Low Voltage Primary Cable, 1995.

SAE J1888, High Current Time Lag Electric Fuses, 1990.

SAE J1908, Electrical Grounding Practice, 1996.

SAE J2077, Miniature Blade Type Electrical Fuses, 1990.

SAE J2174, Heavy-Duty Wiring Systems for Trailers 2032 mm or More in Width, 2009.

SAE J2180, A Tilt Table Procedure for Measuring the Static Roll‐ over Threshold for Heavy Trucks, 1993.

SAE J2181, Steady State Circular Test Procedures for Trucks and Buses, 1993.

SAE J2202, Heavy-Duty Wiring Systems for On-Highway Trucks, 2003.

SAE J2418, Occupant Restraint System Evaluation — Frontal Impact Component-Level Heavy Trucks, 2003.

SAE J2420, COE Frontal Strength Evaluation—Dynamic Loading Heavy Trucks, 2010.

SAE J2422, Cab Roof Strength Evaluation—Quasi-Static Loading Heavy Trucks, 2010.

2.3.7 UNECE Publications. UN Economic Commission for

Europe, Palais des Nations, CH-1211, Geneva 10 Switzerland.

ECE Regulation number 29, Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of Vehicles with Regard to the Protection of the Occupants of the Cab of a Commercial Vehicle, 2007.

2.3.8 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Government

Publishing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001.

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration: FMVSS 121 Brake Performance and Stability Testing.

2.3.9 Other Publications.

Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam- Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.

2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.

NFPA 402, Guide for Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Operations, 2019 edition.

NFPA 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, 2016 edition.

NFPA 1917, Standard for Automotive Ambulances, 2019 edition.

Chapter 3 Definitions

3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter shall

apply to the terms used in this standard. Where terms are not defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall be defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, shall be the source for the ordinarily accepted meaning.

3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.

3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdic‐ tion.

3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction. An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.

3.2.3* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evalua‐ tion of services, and whose listing states that either the equip‐ ment, material, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.

3.2.4 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.

3.2.5 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is

advised but not required.

3.2.6 Standard. An NFPA Standard, the main text of which

contains only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate requirements and that is in a form generally suitable for mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions are not to be considered a part of the requirements of a standard and shall be located in an appendix, annex, footnote, informational note, or other means as permitted in the NFPA Manuals of Style. When used in a generic sense, such as in the phrase “standards development process” or “standards development activities,” the term “standards” includes all NFPA Standards, including Codes, Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guides.

3.3 General Definitions.

3.3.1 Aggressive Tire Tread. See 3.3.60.1.

3.3.2* Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF). The fire-fighting action taken to prevent, control, or extinguish fire involved or adjacent to an aircraft for the purpose of maintain‐ ing maximum escape routes for occupants using normal and emergency routes for egress. [402, 2019]

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3.3.3 Air-Mechanical Brakes. See 3.3.14.1.

3.3.4 Air-Over-Hydraulic Brakes. See 3.3.14.2.

3.3.5 All-Wheel Drive. A vehicle with the ability to apply trac‐ tive power to all wheels.

3.3.6 Ambient Temperature. The temperature of the

surrounding medium; usually used to refer to the temperature of the air in which a structure is situated or a device operates.

3.3.7* Angle of Approach. The smallest angle made between the road surface and the front tire to any projection of the apparatus in front of the front axle.

3.3.8* Angle of Departure. The smallest angle made between the road surface and the rear tire to any projection of the appa‐ ratus behind the rear axle.

3.3.9 ARFF Chassis. The assembled frame, engine, drivetrain, and tires of an ARFF vehicle.

3.3.10 Automatic Locking Differential. A type of nonslip

differential that operates automatically.

3.3.11 Axle Tread. See 3.3.60.2.

3.3.12* Bogie. A combination of two axles used to support the end of a vehicle.

N 3.3.13 Boom. An assembled section of an aerial device designed to discharge water/agent.

3.3.14 Brakes.

3.3.14.1 Air-Mechanical Brakes. Brakes in which the force

from an individual air chamber is applied directly to the friction surfaces through a mechanical linkage.

3.3.14.2 Air-Over-Hydraulic Brakes. Brakes in which the

force of a master air cylinder is applied to the friction sur‐ faces through an intervening hydraulic system.

3.3.14.3 Service Brake. A system capable of decelerating the

vehicle at a controlled rate to a desired, reduced speed or complete stop.

Δ 3.3.15* Center of Gravity. The point at which the entire weight of the fire apparatus is considered to be concentrated so that, if supported at this point, the apparatus would remain in equilibrium in any position. [1901, 2016]

3.3.16* Complementary Extinguishing Agent. An agent that provides unique extinguishing capability beyond the primary chosen agent.

3.3.17 Component Manufacturer’s Certification. A signed

application approval furnished by the vehicle manufacturer certifying that the components are approved as being installed in the vehicle for their intended use, or that the components comply with the criteria required by the standard.

3.3.18* Cooling Preheater Device. A device for heating the engine coolant so that the engine is maintained at a constant temperature.

3.3.19* Diagonal Opposite Wheel Motion. The measurement of the vertical movement relationship of the wheel and suspen‐ sion travel.

3.3.20 Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). See

3.3.58.3.1.

3.3.21 Driver’s Enhanced Vision System (DEVS). See 3.3.58.1.

3.3.22 Dynamic Balance. A physical condition that exists

when a vehicle is driven into a turn at high speed and the vehi‐ cle displays no tendencies to pitch weight forward on the front steering wheels nor exhibits any understeer or oversteer condi‐ tions that could make the vehicle unstable.

3.3.23 Equipment Allowance. Any equipment added to the

vehicle that is not directly required for the vehicle to discharge water or other fire-fighting agent(s) on the initial attack.

3.3.24 Fluid Coupling. A turbine-like device that transmits

power solely through the action of a fluid in a closed circuit without direct mechanical connection between input and output shafts and without producing torque multiplication.

3.3.25 Foam Concentrate. A concentrated liquid foaming

agent as received from the manufacturer.

3.3.26 Foam Expansion. The ratio between the volume of

foam produced and the volume of solution used in its produc‐ tion.

3.3.27 Foam-Liquid Concentration. The quantity of foam-

liquid concentrate in water identified in percentage.

3.3.28* Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR). The detection of heat energy radiated by objects to produce a “thermal image.”

This thermal image is converted by electronics and signal processing into a visual image that can be viewed by the opera‐ tor.

3.3.29 Fully Loaded Vehicle. See 3.3.69.1.

3.3.30 Global Positioning System (GPS). See 3.3.58.3.

3.3.31 Ground Sweep Nozzle. See 3.3.39.1.

3.3.32 Halogenated Agents. A liquefied gas extinguishing

agent that extinguishes fire by chemically interrupting the combustion reaction between fuel and oxygen.

3.3.33 In-Service Fire Apparatus. Any fire apparatus, includ‐ ing reserve apparatus, that is available for use under emergency conditions to transport personnel and equipment and to support suppression of fires and mitigation of other hazardous conditions.

3.3.34* Intended Airport Service. All aspects of aircraft rescue and fire-fighting services as provided by this standard.

3.3.35* Interaxle Clearance Angle (Ramp Angle). The meas‐ ure of the ability of a fully loaded vehicle to negotiate a ramp without encountering interference between the vehicle and the ramp between any two axles.

3.3.36 Interaxle Differential. A differential in the line of drive between any two axles.

3.3.37 “J” Turn Test. The measure of a vehicle’s ability to traverse a 90 degree turn at a prescribed speed.

3.3.38 No-Load Condition. The status of an engine with

standard accessories operating without an imposed load, with the vehicle drive clutches and any special accessory clutches in a disengaged or neutral condition.

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3.3.39 Nozzle.

3.3.39.1 Ground Sweep Nozzle. A small nozzle(s) mounted

in front of the vehicle that disperses foam solution in front to provide protection.

N 3.3.39.2 Piercing Nozzle. A nozzle designed to penetrate into an aircraft to discharge fire extinguishing agent(s).

3.3.39.3 Undertruck Nozzle. A small nozzle device that

hangs below the vehicle and disperses foam solution in a manner that provides protection for the vehicles from ground or grass proximity fires; these devices spray agent from wheel to wheel and front to back of the underside of the truck.

3.3.40* Off-Pavement Performance. A vehicle’s ability to perform or operate on other than paved surfaces.

3.3.41 Operational Tests. An all-vehicle test conducted by the manufacturer to ensure that each vehicle is fully operational when it is delivered and to ensure that the original level of performance of the prototype vehicle has been maintained.

3.3.42* Overall Height, Length, and Width. The dimensions determined with the vehicle fully loaded and equipped, unless otherwise specified.

3.3.43* Percent Grade. The ratio of the change in elevation to the horizontal distance traveled multiplied by 100.

3.3.44 Power-Assist Steering. A system using hydraulic or air power to aid in the steering assist. This system is supplementary to the mechanical system in order to maintain steering ability in the event of power failure.

3.3.45 Primary Turret. See 3.3.61.2.

3.3.46* Propellant Gas. A gas pressurizing an agent container.

3.3.47 Prototype Vehicle. See 3.3.69.2.

3.3.48 Radio Suppression. Suppression of the ignition and

electrical system noises that normally interfere with radio trans‐ mission and reception.

3.3.49 Ramp Angle. See 3.3.35, Interaxle Clearance Angle

(Ramp Angle).

3.3.50 Readily Accessible. Able to be located, reached, serv‐ iced, or removed without removing other components or parts of the apparatus and without the need to use special tools to open enclosures. [1901, 2016]

3.3.51 Reserve Capacity Rating. The number of minutes a

new, fully charged battery at 26.7°C (80°F) can be discharged at 25 amperes while maintaining 1.75 volts per cell or higher.

3.3.52* Rubber-Gasketed Fitting. A device for providing a leakproof connection between two pieces of pipe while allow‐ ing moderate movement of one pipe relative to the other.

3.3.53 Seat Belt. A two-point lap belt, a three-point lap/shoul‐ der belt, or a four-point lap/shoulder harness for vehicle occu‐ pants designed to limit their movement in the event of an accident, rapid acceleration, or rapid deceleration by securing individuals safely to a vehicle in a seated position.

3.3.54 Service Brake. See 3.3.14.3.

3.3.55 Side Slope. This angle is measured as either the

percent of slope or the tilt angle at which the vehicle would become unstable should the vehicle be placed on the side of a steep, angled hill or sloped surface.

3.3.56* Steering Drive Ends. In the front wheel spindle in a driving–steering axle as used at the front of an all-wheel drive vehicle.

3.3.57 Surfaces.

3.3.57.1 Improved Surfaces. Surfaces that are classed as

main thoroughfares, paved roadways, runways, taxiways, parking aprons, and secondary routes of vehicle travel including mediums that are normally of paved, asphalted, or concrete construction.

3.3.57.2 Unimproved Surfaces. Surfaces that are not paved

or surface coated for heavy automotive travel and include dirt, clay, shale, or crushed rock that is not maintained on a regular basis.

3.3.58 System.

3.3.58.1* Driver's Enhanced Vision System (DEVS). An enhanced vision and navigation system for guiding aircraft rescue and fire-fighting vehicles at night and during certain low-visibility conditions.

3.3.58.2* Electronic Stability Control System. A closed-loop stability-control system that relies on proven antilock brake system and traction control system components.

3.3.58.3* Global Positioning System (GPS). A satellite-based radio navigation system comprised of three segments: space, control, and user.

3.3.58.3.1* Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). A technique applied to a global positioning system (GPS) solu‐ tion that improves the accuracy of that solution.

3.3.59 Torque Converter. A device that is similar to a fluid

coupling but that produces, by means of additional turbine blades, variable torque multiplication.

3.3.60 Tread.

3.3.60.1 Aggressive Tire Tread. Tread designed to provide

maximum traction for all types of surfaces, including sand, mud, snow, ice, and hard surfaces, wet or dry.

3.3.60.2* Axle Tread. The distance between the center of two tires or wheels on one axle.

3.3.61 Turret.

3.3.61.1 Boom-Mounted Turret. An elevated device perma‐

nently mounted on the top of the vehicle. A boom-mounted turret might be extendable and mounted either on a rota‐ tional or non-rotational base with a power-operated boom or booms.

3.3.61.2* Primary Turret. The largest capacity foam turret used to apply primary extinguishing agent.

3.3.62* Twenty-Five Percent Drainage Time. The time in minutes that it takes for 25 percent of the total liquid contained in the foam collected in a specified manner to drain.

N 3.3.63 Type A Aircraft Door. A floor-level exit door with a rectangular opening not less than 1067 mm (42 in.) wide by

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1829 mm (72 in.) high, with corner radii not greater than 178 mm (7 in.).

3.3.64 Underaxle Clearance. The clearance distance between

the ground and the center drive train of the vehicle; generally this measurement is taken at the low point bottom of the drive differentials.

3.3.65* Underbody Clearance Dimensions. The dimensions determined with the vehicle fully loaded and fully equipped, unless otherwise specified.

3.3.66 Undertruck Nozzle. See 3.3.39.3.

3.3.67 Unitized Rigid Body and Frame Structure. A structure

in which parts that generally comprise a separate body are inte‐ grated with the chassis frame to form a single, rigid, load-carrying structure.

3.3.68 Unsprung Weight. The total weight of all vehicle

components that are not supported completely by the suspen‐ sion system.

3.3.69 Vehicle.

3.3.69.1* Fully Loaded Vehicle. Consists of the fully assem‐ bled vehicle, complete with a full complement of crew, fuel, equipment, and fire-fighting agents.

3.3.69.2* Prototype Vehicle. The first vehicle of a unique vehicle configuration built to establish its performance capability and the performance capability of all subsequent vehicles manufactured from its drawings and parts list.

3.3.70* Vehicle Types. Vehicle types are designated as 4 × 4, and so forth, and these designations are used to indicate the number of wheels on the vehicle and the number of wheels that propel or drive the vehicle.

3.3.71* Wall-to-Wall Turning Diameter. A measurement of the space that completely contains a vehicle as it is being turned.

3.3.72* Weather Resistant. Sufficiently protected to prevent the penetration of rain, snow, and wind-driven sand, dirt, or dust under all operating conditions.

3.3.73 Weight Scale Measurement. The accurate measure‐

ment of vehicle weight by means of a scale to verify or check a stated or estimated weight.

3.3.74 Where Specified. Options selected by the purchaser

beyond the minimum requirements of the standard.

Chapter 4 Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Vehicles

4.1* General.

Δ 4.1.1* The design criteria for the standard vehicles described by this document shall consider temperature extremes ranging from 0°C to 43.3°C (32°F to 110°F).

N 4.1.1.1 For cold weather operation where temperatures range from –40°C to 0°C (–40°F to 32°F) or lower, some type of winterization system shall be specified by the purchaser.

N 4.1.1.2 Vehicles shall comply with Table 4.1.1.2(a), Table 4.1.1.2(b), Table 4.1.1.2(c), Table 4.1.1.2(d), and other requirements in this chapter.

4.1.2 The category of vehicles shall encompass a range of

water capacity commencing at 454 L (120 gal) and extending to over 6000 L (1585 gal).

4.1.3* Certain vehicles shall be required to carry complemen‐ tary agents in addition to carrying foam as the primary agent.

4.1.4 Because the same performance cannot be expected of

all vehicles within this range, vehicles shall be classified by water capacity as listed in Table 4.1.1.2(a) and Table 4.1.1.2(b).

4.1.5* Additional vehicle options, where needed, shall be selected by the purchaser.

4.2 Requirements for All Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting

Vehicles — Responsibility of Contractors/Suppliers.

4.2.1* Certification. The aircraft rescue and fire-fighting vehi‐ cle manufacturer shall assume responsibility for the design, construction, and performance of all component parts of the complete vehicle, even if major portions are subcontracted, and shall certify that the completed vehicle meets the require‐ ments of this standard.

4.2.2 Manuals.

N 4.2.2.1 The manufacturer shall supply at the time of delivery the following manuals in electronic format:

(1) Operator's manual

(2) Service manual

(3) Parts manual

N 4.2.2.2 These manuals shall cover the entire vehicle and shall be in accordance with 4.2.2.3 through 4.2.2.5.9.

4.2.2.3 Operator's Manual.

4.2.2.3.1 Operating instructions…