Attachment_2_-_Pumpkin_Creek_Restoration_SOW.pdf

SCOPE OF WORK (SOW)

Pumpkin Creek Process Based Restoration

1. Background:

In 2009, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) acquired 1700 acres of land encompassing 8 miles of Pumpkin Creek, a perennial prairie stream and tributary of the Tongue River, located approximately 11 miles south of Miles City, Montana. It’s a flashy system that drains ~700 mi2 of hilly, prairie landscape, lies within an unconfined valley bottom, and requires floodplains, riparian vegetation and structural elements to create and maintain attributes associated with the potential of the system. Historically, this system was likely a depositional, multi-threaded channel with high lateral connectivity across the valley bottom, driven in large part by structural forcing (Cluer & Thorne, 2014) provided largely by cottonwood and beaver dams.

However, historic land use practices (e.g., removal of beaver, livestock grazing, and hydrogeomorphic modifications such as small levees) caused a dramatic decline in riparian vegetation and beaver dam building activity, leading to structural starvation. As a result, the system incised, lateral connectivity between the stream and surrounding valley bottom declined, floodplain aquifer elevations dropped, and it transitioned to a transport reach in which nearly all water and sediment are rapidly transported out of the system. The little remaining riparian vegetation consists of senescing, mature cottonwood trees that are primarily situated on the inactive floodplain surfaces. Overall, the creek is now an incised, single threaded, meandering, structurally starved channel with inactive floodplain surfaces spanning nearly 90% of the valley bottom. Lateral connectivity under normal flood flows is limited to some small inset floodplains where channel widening has occurred. Despite correcting the grazing issues and the rebound of beaver throughout the region, recovery is exceedingly slow. This is because the ecological processes & related structural forcings that catalyze hydrologic, geomorphic, and vegetative adjustments are largely inactive. The BLM therefore wants to mimic and promote the keystone ecological processes (e.g., beaver dam building activity and wood accumulations) to accelerate recovery through the stream evolution sequence.

Throughout the entire project area, the channel is incised. However, some reaches have begun to widen and develop components of an inset floodplain. Given these conditions and associated dominant physical processes (widening or widening & aggrading), relative to the desired future conditions (Stage 8, Cluer & Thorne, 2014) and scope of hydraulic influence of structural elements (e.g., post assisted log structures and beaver dam analogs), multiple phases of treatment will be required. Through this statement of work, Phase 1 would be implemented to promote widening, aggradation, and recruitment of riparian vegetation during successive flood events.

2. Description:

This is a Low-Tech Process Based Restoration (LTPBR) project. This project will improve riverscape health along eight (8) miles of Pumpkin Creek administered by the BLM by implementing Phase 1 treatments of the restoration plan (Attachment 1). The project area is subdivided into 16 complexes, each with primary and secondary treatment objectives (see Appendix 1). The goal is to mimic and promote the processes (wood accumulations & beaver dam building activity) that historically created and maintained hydraulic, hydrologic, geomorphic, and vegetative attributes associated with the potential of the system, over time.

Treatments will include use of beaver dam analogs (BDAs) and post assisted log structures (PALS), which are temporary, artificial structures comprised of natural materials that help the stream heal itself.

Specifically, for Phase 1, treatments should “help the water do the work” by structurally forcing channel widening and bed aggradation, increasing lateral stream-floodplain connectivity, promoting incision recovery, creating more complex geomorphic attributes, expanding the riparian zone, and increasing residence time of water and sediment. However, unlike the construction of traditional restoration projects in which the solution is designed, implemented with heavy machinery, and stabilized in place;

this project will simply kickstart natural processes that create desired outcomes over time. Specifically, these treatments will provide the “ingredients” (e.g., wood) through “meals” of structural additions that the system needs to retain the water and sort the sediment in a manner that enables the system to heal itself during successive flood events, thereby accelerating recovery through the stream evolution sequence. Desired conditions for Phase 1 treatments are associated with Stages 6 (Quasi-equilibrium) and/or 7 (laterally active), as described in Cluer & Thorne, 2014.

Equipment requirements for installation of LTPBR structures (e.g., PALS and BDAs) consist of a hydraulic post pounder, chainsaws, loppers, shovels, picks, and 5-gallon buckets. The hydraulic power source for the pounder is mounted on a rolling frame that can be moved between structure locations by 2-3 people.

Where access allows, ATVs can also be used to transport the hydraulic post driver and power pack between structures. A griphoist may also be used to transport larger wood pieces from the floodplain to the channel.

PALS are constructed by hand placing the wood in the channel and then using the hydraulic post pounder to pound 2-4” diameter untreated wooden posts into the channel to secure the wood. Posts are typically driven in 2-3’ and cut off at approximately bank-full height.

BDAs are built by using a variety of materials (e.g., willow, alder, conifers) that are woven between wooden posts driven into the stream bed in the same manner as PALS (in the case of post-assisted BDAs).

The main difference between BDAs and PALS is that BDAs are always channel spanning and local fill from the banks or bed are used to promote ponding of water during low-flow conditions. The fill is typically sourced from the banks and bed upstream of the structure from the area that will be inundated by the pool formed by the BDA. The fill is placed on the upstream side of the BDA to slow water moving through the structure and increase ponding. Material is collected using shovels and picks and moved by hand using 5-gallon buckets. More detail on construction and design aspects of PALS and BDAs can be found in Appendix C of the Pumpkin Creek Design Manual (Attachment 1).

Important:

Pumpkin Creek is a very large, dynamic prairie system. The Contractor (at least one person, key in the execution of, and involved throughout the term of the contract) must have formal education in hydrology or similar discipline that gives the contractor competency in fluvial geomorphology processes. The contractor must have an understanding of riverscape health, be familiar with the Low-Tech Process Based Restoration of Riverscapes Design Manual (hereafter referred to as Low-Tech PBR manual, see references), and follow all principals in the Low-Tech PBR manual in order to implement treatments effectively in this system. See Appendix 2 for details on how to demonstrate qualifications.

The Pumpkin Creek Restoration Project is a showcase project for the Miles City Field Office for education of restoration processes. A restoration workshop was held at this site that was attended by many BLM staff, including Headquarters, and other BLM partners. This site has been toured multiple times by BLM Headquarters, Montana Dakotas State Office personnel, several Montana BLM field offices, Resource Advisory Committees (RACs), as well as many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as Pheasants Forever and different watershed groups. BLM staff and BLM partners (as interested) may tour the project site during restoration for education on different restoration processes and to view this project.

PROJECT: Pumpkin Creek Process Based Restoration

There is a base and 3 options available with this contract.

Base: Apply treatments within Complexes 1-13 as shown in the Pumpkin Creek design plan (Attachment 1) pages 21 and 26.

Option 1 is to apply treatments within Complex 14 as shown in the Pumpkin Creek design plan (Attachment 1) pages 23 and 26.

Option 2 is to apply treatments within Complex 15 as shown in the Pumpkin Creek design plan (Attachment 1) pages 23 and 26.

Option 3 is to apply treatments within Complex 16 as shown in the Pumpkin Creek design plan (Attachment 1) pages 23 and 26.

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE:

Work can begin when water levels are low enough to implement treatments properly, approximately early to late fall 2023. All work must be completed by October 31, 2024. No surface disturbing activities can occur from 15 April 2024, to July 15, 2024. Instream work can only occur during low to no flow periods.

The contractor will supply a Schedule of Values and the estimated start and completion dates, upon submittal of the bid for this contract.

Location:

Work under this contract is located in Custer County, Montana as shown in the map below. To access the site, travel south on Highway 59 out of Miles City, MT for approximately 15 miles to the project site.

The project is located immediately off Highway 59, on the east side of the Highway. There are three access points into the project site.

Map showing project location within the Pumpkin Creek Watershed in eastern Montana.

Base: Apply treatments within Complexes 1-13 as shown in the Pumpkin Creek design plan (Attachment 1) pages 21 and 26. See Appendix 1 for objectives to be met for complexes 1-13.

Option 1 is to apply treatments within Complex 14 as shown in the Pumpkin Creek design plan (Attachment 1) pages 23 and 26. See Appendix 1 for objectives to be met for complexes 1-8.

Option 2 is to apply treatments within Complex 15 as shown in the Pumpkin Creek design plan (Attachment 1) pages 23 and 26. See Appendix 1 for objectives to be met for complexes 1-8.

Option 3 is to apply treatments within Complex 16 as shown in the Pumpkin Creek design plan (Attachment 1) pages 23 and 26. See Appendix 1 for objectives to be met for complexes 1-8.

Requirements:

• Vehicles shall be cleaned and weed-free before entering/re-entering the project site to prevent the transfer of noxious and invasive weeds.

• Work would not be performed during periods when the soil is too wet to adequately support equipment/vehicles. If equipment/vehicles create ruts in excess of 3 inches deep, operations would cease, as the soil will be deemed too wet to adequately support equipment/vehicles.

• Ground disturbance, including off-road travel will be kept to a minimum to avoid the appearance of an established route that could be mistakenly used by the public.

• Operations of the contractor (including storage of materials, camping area, and vehicle parking) on BLM lands shall be confined to areas approved by the BLM COR (Appendix 3). The surrounding landscape shall not be disturbed. Disturbance to the landscape outside of areas identified by the BLM COR will result in the cessation of operations and written permission from the BLM COR would be required prior to resuming work. In the event that landscape outside of areas identified by the BLM COR for disturbance or operations are disturbed, the Contractor shall restore that area at the Contractor’s expense.

• There are cultural and/or paleontological sites within the project area. These resources will be flagged for avoidance prior to implementation. If the Contractor disturbs or damages any cultural or paleontological sites, the Contractor would be liable for all costs incurred that result from evaluation of impacts to the impacted cultural or paleontological resources as well as any stabilization, repair, or restoration efforts.

• No standing trees or rock outcroppings will be disturbed.

• To protect wildlife (nesting migratory birds) no surface disturbing activities will take place between April 15 and July 15.

• Work affecting a streambed or stream bank will be completed in an expeditious manner to avoid unnecessary impacts to the stream; work will be completed during low to no flow periods.

• Equipment servicing and refueling activities will take place 500 feet from the outer edge of riparian areas, wet areas, and drainages. This includes chainsaws and generators.

• Portable hand operated hydraulic generators that operate within the stream channel or riparian area will use biodegradable hydraulic fluid, such as synthetic ester or vegetable oil.

• Surface disturbance will be limited by only clearing vegetation to an extent that is necessary for construction of the project. Precaution will be taken to preserve existing riparian vegetation.

Native vegetation will be salvaged and reused where possible.

• Temporary construction facilities will be configured to minimize disturbance to stream banks, stream bank vegetation, and the streambed by locating staging or storage facilities out of the floodplain (See Appendix 3).

• Work will be conducted in a manner that minimizes turbidity and other disturbances to aquatic resources.

• Appropriate restrictions may apply during times of elevated fire danger.

• During hunting season all personnel must wear a hunter orange vest or other type of clothing that is brightly colored to make them visible to the public. This is a publicly accessible area and is used by the public regularly.

• All waste, including scraps and packing materials (e.g., metal bands, plastic sacks, etc.) resulting from implementation of treatments shall become the property of the Contractor and shall be removed from the site by the Contractor. Disposal of materials in a legal manner and payment of fees required shall be the Contractor’s responsibility. Burning of any waste materials is not permitted on the work site.

• The work shall comply with codes and standards applicable to each type of treatment as listed in the Low-Tech Process-Based Restoration of Riverscapes Design Manual (hereafter referred to as Low-Tech PBR manual, see References) and the design plan for Pumpkin Creek Restoration (Attachment 1).

• Design and implement actions on a reach-by-reach basis around project and complex-scale objectives to ensure that the selected treatments account for the unique, site-specific characteristics, but work together to cumulatively produce the desired outcomes.

• Decisions regarding technique selection should generally be based on the physical parameters of the site, restoration goals, constraints imposed by adjacent land uses, as well as pragmatic considerations on how best to allocate limited project resources.

• To the extent practicable, projects should be implemented in accordance with the following principles of process-based restoration:

o Target root causes of habitat and ecosystem change o Tailor restoration actions to local potential o Match the scale of restoration to the scale at which keystone processes create and maintain site attributes.

o Be explicit about expected outcomes.

• Where BDAs are installed, utilize combinations of primary and secondary dams to create a series of pools and elevation drops that mimic natural beaver dam complexes and correspondingly enable or enhance passage of native fish.

• Where posts are used to provide temporary stability by pinning structure material in place, only untreated posts shall be installed.

3. The Contractor Shall:

• Follow the intent and direction of the Pumpkin Creek Phase 1 Design but adapt the location, type, size, and density of structures within each complex, based on site-specific observations & coordination with BLM personnel. The number, type, size, location, and spatial arrangement of structures that best evokes the biophysical responses needed to achieve transect/structure, complex and project-scale objectives should be implemented. These decisions should be made in accordance with the standards of practice described in the Low-Tech PBR Manual (See References). This includes adhering to Ten guiding principles, which are broken into: (1) riverscape principles and (2) restoration principles.

o Riverscapes Principles – would inform planning and design through an understanding of what constitutes healthy, functioning riverscapes and therefore what are appropriate targets and analogues to aim for. They include:

1. Streams need space. Healthy streams are dynamic, regularly shifting position within their valley bottom, reworking and interacting with their floodplain. Allowing streams to adjust within their valley bottom is essential for maintaining functioning riverscapes.

2. Structure forces complexity and builds resilience. Structural elements, such as beaver dams and large woody debris, force changes in flow patterns that produce physically diverse habitats. Physically diverse habitats are more resilient to disturbances than simplified, homogeneous habitats.

3. The importance of structure varies. The relative importance and abundance of structural elements varies based on reach type, valley setting, flow regime and watershed context. Recognizing what type of stream you are dealing with (i.e., what other streams it is similar to) helps develop realistic expectations about what that stream should or could look (form) and behave (process) like.

4. Inefficient conveyance of water is often healthy. Hydrologic inefficiency is the hallmark of a healthy system. More diverse residence times for water can attenuate potentially damaging floods, fill up valley bottom sponges, and slowly release that water later elevating baseflow and producing critical ecosystem services.

o Restoration Principles – Restoration Principles relate to our specific restoration actions and give us clues as to how to develop designs to promote processes that lead to recovery and resilience. These principles are rooted in the notion that we are not designing and building the solution, but rather we are simply initiating and promoting natural processes with structural additions as efficiently as possible to maximize the miles of riverscape we can improve. The low-tech Restoration Principles elaborated below help place our restoration actions in the right context to maximize our effectiveness in promoting better riverscape health.

5. It’s okay to be messy. When structure is added back to streams, it is meant to mimic and promote the processes of wood accumulation and beaver dam activity.

Structures are fed to the system like a meal and should resemble natural structures (log jams, beaver dams, fallen trees) in naturally ‘messy’ systems. Structures do not have to be perfectly built to yield desirable outcomes. Focus less on the form and more on the processes the structures will promote.

6. There is strength in numbers. A large number of smaller structures working in concert with each other can achieve much more than a few isolated, over-built, highly secured structures. Using a lot of smaller structures provides redundancy and reduces the importance of any one structure. It generally takes many structures, designed in a complex (see Chapter 5: Shahverdian et al., 2019c), to promote the processes of wood accumulation and beaver dam activity that lead to the desired outcomes.

7. Use natural building materials. Natural materials should be used because structures are simply intended to initiate process recovery and go away over time. Locally sourced materials are preferable because they simplify logistics and keep costs down.

8. Let the system do the work. Giving the riverscape and/or beaver the tools (structure) to promote natural processes to heal itself with stream power and ecosystem engineering, as opposed to diesel power, promotes efficiency that allows restoration to scale to the scope of degradation.

9. Defer decision making to the system. Wherever possible, let the system make critical design decisions by simply providing the tools and space it needs to adjust. Deferring decision making to the system downplays the significance of uncertainty due to limited knowledge. For example, choosing a floodplain elevation to grade to based on limited hydrology information can be a complex and uncertain endeavor, but deferring to the hydrology of that system to build its own floodplain grade reduces the importance of uncertainty due to limited knowledge.

10. 10.Self-sustaining systems are the solution. Low-tech restoration actions in and of themselves are not the solution. Rather they are just intended to initiate processes and nudge the system towards the ultimate goal of building a resilient, self-sustaining riverscape.

• Comply with permits & land use authorizations. The awardee shall comply with the terms and conditions of all current and future permits that authorize the treatments associated with this project.

• Only use materials approved by the BLM. The BLM will provide access to fuel and fire treatments from which woody material can be sourced for the structures (See Section 4 of this document).

The awardee is responsible for collecting, transporting, staging, and all other aspects of material management.

• Furnish all labor, equipment, appropriately trained personnel, crew supervision, transportation, supplies and incidentals, and perform all work necessary to apply appropriate treatments within each complex to meet the restoration objectives of each complex. All work will be in accordance with the enclosed terms and conditions (Requirements section 2 of this document), scope of work, and Low-Tech PBR manual. All personnel must have expert knowledge, training, and formal experience applying the Principles of Riverscape Health and Restoration to the design and implementation of riverscape restoration projects.

• Comply with all Federal and Montana state permits for working in stream beds and banks.

• Adhere to the Standard Operating Procedures identified in the Low-Tech PBR Manual. Follow guidelines and specifications for implementing different treatment types which can be found in the Low-Tech PBR manual. Ensure all personnel are familiar with this manual and properly trained in applying these types of restoration treatments.

• Provide BLM “as built” treatment data in Riverscape Studio https://qris.riverscapes.net/, including photos, structure locations, types, and objectives; complex locations and objectives; and related metrics associated with the project implementation schema. This shall be submitted at the completion of the project to the BLM COR.

• Provide a Final Report describing your work with photos of treatments, GPS locations of each treatment, type of treatment applied (bank attached, mid-channel, etc.), and the purpose of each treatment (what function is the treatment expected to accomplish). The BLM will conduct compliance inspections of contractor treated sites. If Riverscape Studio is operational at the time https://qris.riverscapes.net/, of the project, provide this information through Riverscape Studio https://qris.riverscapes.net/ and briefly summarize it in a written report.

• Responsible for watching weather and ensuring contract is completed on time.

• Ensure all PPE and OSHA Standards are followed.

• Provide supervision to ensure the project is completed safely and treatments are implemented according to the Low-Tech PBR manual and the design plan for Pumpkin Creek Restoration (Attachment 1).

• Only use material approved by the BLM. All materials must be native, natural materials that are sourced locally. No noxious weeds or invasive species, including Russian Olive, may be used.

4. BLM Shall provide:

• All posts (untreated, 2-3” diameter, 6 ½’ long) required to implement treatments within each complex. Number of posts supplied will be dependent on options awarded.

• A table of complexes with restoration objectives listed for each complex along with maps of each complex (Appendix 1 and Attachment 1)

• The contractor and crew can camp onsite.

• 1. Access to fire and fuel treatments (~25 miles from project site) where approved woody materials have been cut and staged in large piles; enough materials for approximately 25 – 30 structures. 2. Any down trees on the Pumpkin Creek site may be used (no standing trees will be disturbed). Sage brush on site may be used as well. 3. Other materials can be sourced from a County site in Miles City (~25 miles from project site) where materials have been cut and piled, no fee for collecting materials from the county. However, not all materials at the county site are approved materials, the Contractor will be responsible for sorting through materials and only collecting native materials.

• A design plan with maps of the overall project and of each complex (Attachment 1).

• A site tour.

• All permits and land use authorizations required to implement the treatments.

5. Communications and Invoicing:

• A pre-work conference will be held prior to work. Contractor will be notified in advance of meeting time, date, and location.

• The contractor, subcontractors, and/or persons responsible for coordination of the work shall be present during all meetings and project inspections.

https://qris.riverscapes.net/,

• Progress meetings will be held at the project site, or as determined by the Contracting Officer or

BLM COR.

• Upon completion of field work and submission of all required data/application records, contractor shall give WRITTEN notice to both the COR and the CO via email. The BLM COR will complete a final inspection after written notification that the work has been completed and all deliverables have been submitted. The final inspection meeting will be held at the project site.

• GIS data (meta data) shall be accurate and include appropriate points, lines, and polygons and attributes associated with projects in Riverscape Studio. Final Report shall be completed properly and include all required information. Failure to give written notice of completion to both the COR and the CO may result in delay of inspection.

• Contractor shall submit an invoice electronically in IPP only upon notification that inspection has been completed and the work has been accepted. Invoices submitted prior to inspection shall be rejected.

6. References:

Wheaton J.M., Bennett S.N., Bouwes, N., Maestas J.D., and Shahverdian S.M. (Eidtors) 2019. Low-Tech

Process-Based Restoration of Riverscapes: Design Manual. Version 1.0. Utah State University Restoration Consortium. Logan, UT. Available at: http://lowtechpbr.restoration.usu.edu/manual

Cluer B. and C. Thorne. 2014. A Stream Evolution Model Integrating Habitat and Ecosystem Benefits. River Research Applications, 30: 135-154 (2014).

http://lowtechpbr.restoration.usu.edu/manual

7. Appendix 1: Complex Objectives

Complex no.

Primary Objective

Secondary Objective

Structure Count

Structure Types Design Narrative

1 Channel aggradation

Expand inset floodplains

15 - 20 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning, mid channel; BDAs:

primary and secondary

Bank-attached and mid channel PALS will drive bank erosion and channel widening; channel-spanning PALS and BDAs will encourage deposition of eroded sediment to aggrade the channel and build floodplains

2 Channel aggradation

Increase lateral connectivity

15 - 20 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning, mid channel; BDAs:

primary and secondary

Bank-attached and mid channel PALS will drive bank erosion and channel widening; channel-spanning PALS and BDAs will encourage deposition of eroded sediment to aggrade the channel and

BDAs will direct flows onto existing floodplain surfaces.

3 Channel widening

Develop inset floodplains

15 - 20 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning

The combination of bank-attached and channel-spanning PALS will "blast" the banks to drive erosion and widening, while channel spanning PALS will encourage aggradation of the eroded sediment.

4 Channel widening

Develop inset floodplains

17 - 22 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning, mid channel

The combination of bank-attached and channel-spanning PALS will "blast" the banks to drive erosion and widening, while channel spanning PALS will encourage aggradation of the eroded sediment.

5 Channel aggradation

Increase lateral connectivity

15 - 20 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning, mid channel; BDAs:

primary and secondary

BDAs in the upstream part of the complex will force flows onto low lying parts of the currently inactive floodplain; PALS in the downstream section will continue channel widening and development of inset floodplains.

6 Channel aggradation

Channel Widening

15-20 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning, mid-channel; BDAs:

primary and secondary

PALS will be positioned in order to enhance erosion at the bends in this reach, widening the channel and mobilizing sediment that can be deposited in the BDAs located interspersed between PALS.

7 Channel widening

Develop inset floodplains

8-12 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning

The combination of bank-attached and channel-spanning PALS will "blast" the banks to drive erosion and widening, while channel spanning PALS will encourage aggradation of the eroded sediment.

8 Channel widening

Develop inset floodplains

10-15 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning

The combination of bank-attached and channel-spanning PALS will "blast" the banks to drive erosion and widening, while channel spanning PALS will encourage aggradation of the eroded sediment.

9 Channel aggradation

Channel widening

10-15 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning;

BDAs: primary and secondary

Bank-attached PALS will enhance erosion at the bends in this reach, widening the channel and mobilizing sediment that can be deposited behind channel-spanning PALS and BDAs.

10 Channel aggradation

Channel widening

12-18 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning;

BDAs: primary and secondary

Bank-attached PALS in the upstream end of the reach will promoted erosion of banks, providing sediment for deposition in a series of BDAs and channel-spanning PALS below.

11 Channel widening

Channel aggradation

8-12 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning;

BDAs: primary and secondary

Bank-attached and channel-spanning PALS at a series of bends on the upstream end of the reach will promote bank erosion and channel widening, and provide sediment for deposition in a series of BDAs at the downstream end.

12 Channel aggradation

Increase lateral connectivity

12-18 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning, mid-channel; BDAs:

primary and secondary

Channel-spanning PALS and BDAs in the middle of this reach are designed to aggrade the channel and produce overbank flows which will direct water through a newly placed culvert to flood a floodplain wetland. Downstream PALS will provide sediment for downstream complexes.

13 Channel widening

Channel aggradation

10-15 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning;

BDAs: primary and secondary

The focus of structures in this complex is to enhance bank erosion to widen the incised channel; there is a pair of BDAs in encourage channel aggradation onto a low-lying bar.

14 Channel aggradation

Expand inset floodplains

12-18 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning;

BDAs: primary and secondary

This complex is focused on using BDAs to aggrade the channel and create more connectivity with inset floodplains. PALS are placed at bends to enhance erosion and mobilize sediment.

15 Channel aggradation

Expand inset floodplains

8-13 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning;

BDAs: primary and secondary

This complex is focused on using BDAs to aggrade the channel and create more connectivity with inset floodplains. PALS are placed at bends to enhance erosion and mobilize sediment.

16 Channel aggradation

Expand inset floodplains

12-18 PALS: bank-attached, channel-spanning, mid-channel; BDAs:

primary and secondary

Mid-channel PALS will promote bar growth, and together with channel-spanning PALS continue development of inset floodplains. BDAs and channel-spanning PALS will aggrade the channel to increase connectivity with inset floodplains.

8. Appendix 2: Qualifications for Key Personnel The contractor must have capable individual(s) responsible for planning, supervising, and overseeing the project. For each such individual, information must be provided to demonstrate that the individual has achieved all the following:

a) Formal education and experience that gives the individual competency to carry out the scope of work. This may be obtained in either of the following ways:

a. Formal education resulting in a graduate degree in hydrology or similar discipline (e.g., geomorphology, ecology, environmental management) plus at least 12 months of professional experience including similar duties as proposed in this contract, or

b. Formal education resulting in a bachelor's degree in hydrology or similar discipline (e.g., ecology, geomorphology, environmental management) plus at least 24 months of professional experience including similar duties as proposed in this contract.

9. Appendix 3: Staging Areas and Access Points

10. ATTACHMENTS:

ATTACHMENT 1: Pumpkin Creek Design Plan