Attachment_2_Exhibit_Conservation_Guidelines.pdf

National Park Service

Musuem Conservation Services @ Harpers Ferry Center

Exhibit Conservation Guidelines Second Edition – 201

Incorporating Conservation Into Exhibit Planning, Design and Production

Fi gu re s an d

Ta bl es C on te nt s at a

G la nc e 1

C on se rv at io n an d th e Ex hi bi t Pr oc es s

C he ck lis t fo r

C on se rv at io n In vo lv em en t

C on tr ib ut io n of T ea m

M em be rs to P re se rv at io n

C on se rv at io n

C ri te ri a Fo rm

Ex hi bi t A re a

Pr es er va tio n

Fe at ur es a nd

C on tr ol

Ex hi bi t C as e

Pr es er va tio n

Fe at ur es a nd

C on tr ol

M ap

N ar ra tiv e G ui de lin es

C as e

D et ai ls

I llu st ra tio ns

Te ch ni ca l N ot

Ex hi bi t C on se rv at io n

G ui de at io na l P ar k Se rv ic e

Fig. 1: Conservation and the Exhibit Process

Exhibit Conservation Guidelines l\Aap

Development Exbibit De£inition ldentifKation of goals, tlemes,uibnia&:resouxes

Exbibit Design Development of p ical:relationships, concept &Wchnicaldesign documents

Products Comervation Crituia

Conservation Bu.dget Cb;ct Condition Rep: tls

Cb;ct Treatment Proposals

Macroclimatic Control Specs Microclimatic Control Specs Specialiad Mount DesigllS Comtruction Material 'Jests

Rotation Schedule for O>jects Treatment D:lrumentation

Maint2nance Manual

Speciali..dMounts & Supports Productionlmpection Reports Treatmentof Cbjects

Exbibit Installation Assembly &installation of the e)(lubit st:tuctu:res&displayobjects

Exbibit Fabrication Consbuction of e)(lubit sbuctu:res acco:rding ro plans&specifications

Production

Division of Conservation National Park Service

Fig. 2: Checklist for Conservation Involvement Map

2.

3.

EXHIBIT DEVELOPMENT EXHIBIT PRODUCTION

Planning Phase Design Phase Fabrication Phase Assembly & Installation

1. Exhibit Object Selection

,/pre-exhibit condition survey ,/treatment needs assessment ,/conservation criteria for objects ,/exhibit duration limits for objects and rotation schedule ,/use of reproductions ,/loan requirements ,/transport requirements ,/planning of safe holding areas ,/safe photographic procedures

1. General Exhibit Design

,/use of open display vs. cases ,/overall floor plan ,/object layout ,/selection of macro vs. micro-climate environmental control ,/use of protective barriers and stanchions ,/selection of safe construction materials ,/basic design of object mounts

1. Exhibit Case Inspection

,/use of stable materials within display chamber

,/testing of case seal ,/testing of case ventilation ,/assessment of case access ,/assessment of environ-mental controlling chamber ,/assessment of physical security ,/evaluation of prototypes

1. Case Installation

,/control of construction dust and debris

,/installation of furniture, graphic/text panels

,/final inspection of cases ,/performance testing of cases ,/provision of exhibit maintenance manual

2. Space Selection

,/environmental conditions assessment

,/environmental requirements for the room vs. microclimates

,/room lighting assessment ,/risk and security assessment

2. Aesthetic Coordination

,/selection of safe decorative material and surface finishes

,/object appearance (amount of treatment)

,/appearance and geometry of object mounts

2. Case Furniture & Panels

,/application of safe construc-tion materials

,/ability to support objects over time

,/ability to safely attach object mounts

2. Object Installation

,/provision of sufficient time to safely install

,/object handling guidance ,/controlled storage of objects ,/installation of mounts

3. Financial Planning

,/cost of conservation reviews ,/cost of upgrading environmental conditions ,/cost of using conservation-grade materials and cases ,/cost of conservation treatment ,/special exhibit mounting costs

3. Exhibit Case Design

,/use of ventilated or sealed cases

,/degree of case seal ,/design of microclimate environmental control ,/access to display, lighting and maintenance chambers

3. Object Mounting

,/object handling guidance ,/construction material stability ,/adequate physical support ,/safe fastening methods ,/mount removability for maintenance/emergencies

3. Climatic Adjustment

,/installation of micro-climate equipment

,/adjustment of equipment ,/installation of monitoring equipment ,/staff instruction in exhibit maintenance

4. Scheduling Key Activities

,/preparation of exhibit space and ,/object assessments ,/treatment of objects ,/construction of mock-ups and prototypes ,/testing of new materials ,/fabrication inspections ,/special object mounts/supports ,/careful installation and adjust-ment of exhibit environment

4. Lighting System

,/development of appropriate lighting plan

,/separation of task lighting ,/establishment of restricted illumination levels ,/ultraviolet filtration method ,/reduction of infrared radiation ,/light chamber heat dissipation ,/production of lighting mock-ups

4. Lighting Installation

,/testing of overall room lighting

,/evaluation of specific room fixtures and lamps

,/testing of exhibit case lighting

4. Lighting Adjustment

,/setting of exhibit lighting to restricted levels

,/evaluation of heat build-up

,/metered documentation of final object lighting

EAM

MEMBER

Preparator

Fig. 3: Contributions of Exhibit Team Members to Preservation

Exhibit Conservation Guidelines

Map

TEAM

MEMBER

GOAL 1.

OBJECTS ARE ENSURED

PRESERVATION

MEASURES IN THE

EXHIBIT’S PLANNING

AND DESIGN

GOAL 2.

OBJECTS ARE WELL

DOCUMENTED FOR

COLLECTIONS MANAGE-

MENT AND TO FACILITATE

EXHIBIT WORK

GOAL 3.

OBJECTS ARE HANDLED

AND TRANSPORTED

IN A SAFE MANNER

THROUGH-OUT THE

EXHIBIT PROCESS

GOAL 4. OBJECTS

ARE SAFELY

INSTALLED AND

ADEQUATELY

SUPPORTED WHILE

ON EXHIBIT

Conservator 0 advises on the selection of objects

0 reviews exhibit design and advocates changes necessary to meet conservation criteria

0 provides written condition reports for objects

0 establishes written conservation criteria

0 assists in documenting loan objects

0 provides handling guidelines for objects

0 may serve as courier for special objects

0 advises on method of transport

0 tests new materials 0 discusses safe mounting techniques with curator, designer and preparator

0 may construct special mounts and supports

Curator/ Planner

0 considers condition and preservation needs of object in selection

0 facilitates decisions regarding object replication or rotation

0 reviews conservation criteria and design

0 documents special requirements for handling and mounting

0 oversees the holding area for objects and/or the installation of objects

0 follows the handling guidelines

0 institutes methods that limit the need for handling objects

0 discusses the most appropriate presentation of the object

0 advises on treatment and mounting options

Designer 0 incorporates conservation criteria into initial design

0 works recommendations by conservator and other team members to modify initial design

0 provides floor plans and schedules which include object identification and location

0 carefully records object dimensions to ensure adequate space

0 follows the guidelines incorporating any concerns into the design

0 utilizes sketches, photographs, or scale models to limit the need for handling

0 includes presentation and mounting of objects in the design

0 provides final drawings for object locations and mounting requirements

Preparator 0 incorporates conservation criteria into mount design and execution

0 never removes an object identification without instruction

0 follows the handling guidelines

0 takes thorough notes, sketches, and patterns to limit the number of times objects must be handled

0 designs and fabricates the mounts according to special conservation and presentation requirements

0 observes handling guidelines

Registrar 0 relates any criteria set by lenders

0 advises on security requirements

0 maintains and documents a current list of exhibit objects

0 ensures an accession number is affixed to each object

0 tracks movement of objects, maintains a location files

0 depending on the institution may oversee the holding area for objects and/or installation of objects

0 oversees the transport of both lent and owned objects

Manager 0 encourages mediation to achieve a successful balance between conservation and other criteria

0 ensures sufficient conservation funds

0 facilitates cooperation to ensure that documentation is complete and current

0 ensures that key responsibility such as for handling guidelines, providing a holding area, and overseeing installation of objects is assigned to team members

0 ensures installation schedule is realistic

0 facilitates cooperation to meet schedule and ensure safe installation of objects

Fig. 4: Conservation Criteria Form

Map

GENERAL OBJECT REQUIREMENTS NO YES

1. Conservation Treatment Required?

comments:

2. Custom Exhibit Support/Mount Required?

comments:

3. Protective Exhibit Enclosure Recommended?

comments:

SPECIFIC OBJECT REQUIREMENTS Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

1. Physical Forces: shock, vibration, abrasion, earthquake comments:

2. Theft and Vandalism: unauthorized access, violent acts comments:

3. Fire: exposure to excessive heat, smoke, deposits comments:

4. Water: flooding and building system failures comments:

5. Pests: vermin, rodents, birds and other animals comments:

6. Contaminants: indoor and outdoor gases, particulates comments:

7. Light Radiation: including UV, IR, and visible light comments:

8. Temperature: high/low/fluctuating comments:

9. Relative Humidity: high/low/fluctuating comments:

NOTE: Level 1= no protection; Level 2= Minimal; Level 3= Moderate; Level 4= Maximum

Fig. 5: Exhibit Area Preservation Features and Controls

Map

FEATURE LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4

1.

Physical security

No special security features

Minimal security Sample features: Infrequent staff presence; conventional door and window locks; low level alarms; voluntary rope and stanchion barriers to control visitors; no visitor entry control

Moderate security Sample features: Periodic presence of trained staff;

reinforced entry doors; high security locks; alarmed doors and window glazing; low-level electronic surveillance and alarm technology; limited visitor entry controls

High security Sample features: Level 3 plus full-time trained staff;

security guards when required; integrated security design by a security specialist; surveillance cameras tied to a central dispatch

2.

Fire safety and disaster protection

No special protection features

Minimal protection Sample features: Exhibit design facilitates object removal during emergencies;

plumbing locations are controlled; localized use of fire extinguishers

Moderate restrictions Sample features: Level 2 plus the use of high fire-rated construction materials; fire-resistant carpeting and drapes;

fire detection and suppression devices

High restrictions Sample features: Level 3 plus review of exhibit design by specialists; properly trained staff; electronic sensors/alarms tied to a central dispatch

3.

Biological pest protection

No special protection features

Minimal pest control Sample features: Unrestricted door and window opening policy; periodic pest inspections; conventional exhibit cleaning program

Moderate pest control Sample features: Inspection of all exhibit items prior to installation; routine, periodic inspections; use of trained staff and pest trapping devices;

enclosure of vulnerable objects

High pest control Sample features: Level 3 plus exhibit design review by pest specialist; no use of organic props; regulation of climate to control pests; insect resistant enclosures

4. Interior environmental control

No special control features

Minimal control Sample features: Seasonal reliance on building air-conditioning system; control over temperature, minimal control over relative humidity and pollutants

Moderate control Sample features: 24 hour a day reliance on building system;

moderate control of environment; well insulated exhibit space with vapor barriers included

Maximum control Sample features: Level 3 plus wide ranging climatic control; zoned building system for separate exhibit climate; diverse, ideal conditions are maintainable

5.

Exhibit lighting control

No special control features

Minimal control Sample features: Daylight and artificial lighting is minimally controlled; restrictions focus on visible light levels reaching objects

Moderate control Sample features: Moderately restrictive range of visible light, ultraviolet and infrared radiation; use of visitor activated lighting sensors

Maximum control Sample features: Level 3 plus highly restricted range of visible light, ultraviolet and infrared radiation; zero light on objects when exhibit closed

* An exhibit area can combine different levels of features and controls

Fig. 6: Exhibit Case Preservation Features and Controls

Map

FEATURE LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4

1.

Physical security

No special security features

Minimal security Sample features: Conven-tional construction materials; tamper-resistant screws and fasteners or locks

Moderate security Sample features: Construc-tion materials with higher resistance; concealed screws tamper-resistant fasteners;

locks and low-level alarms

High security Sample features:

Level 3 plus highest rated construction materials; high level locks, sensors, and alarms tied to central dispatch

2.

Construction material restrictions

No special construction restrictions

Minimal restrictions Sample features: Conven-tional museum case construction;

sealed wood products

Moderate restrictions Sample features: Use of high-quality materials and finishes;

low -VOC** emitters, sealed wood products

High restrictions Sample features: Use of inert materials, no wood products or potential VOC emitters

3.

Air seal (airtightness)

No special sealing features

Minimal to moderate seal Sample features: Conventional construction; standard design for removable panels, doors, and glazing; standard tolerances for joined materials

Moderate to tight seal Sample features: Strict tolerances for joints and seams; well-sealed gaskets on removable panels, doors, and glazing; use of caulk sealant; closely spaced fasteners

Hermetic seal Sample features: Level 3 plus airtight design and construc-tion; use of specialized sealant, gaskets and fasteners;

atmospheres are commonly filled with inert gas

4. Interior environmental control

No special control features

Minimal control Sample features: control based on passive case design, construction material selection, and case seal

Moderate controls Sample features: Level 2 plus the inclusion of passive environmental modifying agents (absorbers, scavengers)

Maximum control Sample features: Control based on active (micro) mechanical system; highly restricted environmental ranges

5.

Exhibit lighting control

No special control features

Minimal control Sample features: Separate lighting compartment with own entry; restrictions limited to visible light range

Moderate control Sample features: Level 2 plus moderate restrictions on ultraviolet and infrared radiation; visitor activated lighting

Maximum control Sample features: Level 3 plus highly restricted range of visible light, ultraviolet and infrared radiation; no heating of objects or case interior

* A single exhibit case can combine different levels of features and controls ** Volatile Organic Compounds ha rt s an d

Ta bl es on te nt s at a G la nc e

1:

C he ck lis t fo r th e

Ex hi bi t

Pl an ne r

1:

Ex hi bi t O bj ec t C on di tio n an d

Re co m m en da tio n

F or m

1:

Ex hi bi t O bj ec t Ro ta tio n or

S ub st itu tio n

Re po rt F

1:

E xh ib it M ai nt en an nc e

T as ks a nd S ch ed ul e

2:

Te m pe ra tu re a nd R el at iv e

H um id ity

M on ito ri ng O pt io

2:

E xh ib it Pe st In ci de nt R ep or t Fo rm

4:

Ex hi bi t Li gh tin g Re la m pi ng

S ch ed ul e rm ar ra tiv e G ui de e

D et ai ls

I llu st ra tio

Te ch ni ca l N ot

Ex hi bi t C on se rv at io n

G ui de at io na l P ar k Se rv ic

1:2 Checklist for the Exhibit Planner Map

Exhibit Conservation Schedule

TITLE: _ OPENING

DATE: _ EXHIBIT

LOCATION: _

OTHER VENUES: _

SCHEDULE ADMINISTERED BY: _

CLOSING DATE: _ _

SCHEDULING REQUIREMENTS

TASK DATE ASSIGNED RESPONSIBILITY DATE COMPLETED NOTES

EXHIBITION DEVELOPMENT

objects chosen objects conditioned conservation criteria developed objects catalogued and numbered housed in a safe location special display requirements discussed with designer preliminary design reviewed final design approved

PRODUCTION AND INSTALLATION

case prototype plans developed material selection completed case prototypes built case prototypes tested case prototypes approved special mounting discussed custom object mounts prepared treatment of objects completed environmental systems tested exhibition construction completed gallery cleaned objects installed

MAINTENANCE AND DE-INSTALLATION

objects monitored for condition environmental conditions monitored:

temperature and relative humidity environmental conditions monitored:

pollutants environmental systems maintained:

temperature and relative humidity pollution control systems maintained objects removed at close of exhibition objects returned to storage exhibition dismantled

1:4 Exhibit Object Condition and Recommendation Map

Exhibit Conservation Guidelines

ACCESSION or LOAN NO.: REQUIRES TREATMENT: Y N CONSERVATION NO.:

OBJECT: MATERIAL:

EXHIBIT TITLE:

LENGTH OF EXHIBIT:

EXAMINED BY: DATE:

CONDITION BEFORE EXHIBIT

GOOD FAIR POOR STRUCTURALLY UNSTABLE DISFIGURED OTHER:

RECOMMENDATIONS

TEMPERATURE (°F): RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%):

LIGHT LEVELS (fc): OTHER:

MOUNTING REQUIREMENTS:

CHANGE IN CONDITION (complete when noticed or at end of exhibit)

NO VISIBLE CHANGE: Y N VISIBLE CHANGE: Y N DATE: INITIAL:

1:6 Exhibit Object Rotation or Substitution Report Map

Exhibit Conservation Guidelines

ACCESSION or LOAN NO.: LENGTH OF ROTATION: in months 3 9 18 6 12 24

SUBSTITUTE WITH OBJECT NO.:

OBJECT: MATERIAL:

EXHIBIT TITLE:

LENGTH OF EXHIBIT:

CONDITION BEFORE EXHIBIT

EXAMINED BY: DATE:

_GOOD _FAIR _POOR _STRUCTURALLY UNSTABLE _DISFIGURED _OTHER:

ROTATION OR SUBSTITUTION SCHEDULE

DATE PLACED ON EXHIBIT DATE REMOVED FROM EXHIBIT SUBSTITUTED WITH STAFF NAME

CHANGE IN CONDITION (to be completed when removed from exhibit)

NO VISIBLE CHANGE:_Y _N VISIBLE CHANGE:_Y _N DATE: PERSON:

1:12 Exhibit Maintenannce Tasks and Schedule Exhibit Conservation Guidelines

Map

Exhibit Title:

Exhibit Location: Dates:

REQUIRED TASKS FREQUENCY DATES COMPLETED NOTES

A. DISPLAY SPACE

Inspection for physical defects Security review Object assessment Pest inspection Vacuum Dust Monitor temperature and relative humidity Review light levels Change filter in HVAC Annual HVAC maintenance

B. OBJECTS ON OPEN

DISPLAY

Object assessment Clean objects Security assessment

C. CASE EXTERIORS

Inspection of exhibitry Clean cases

D. CASE INTERIORS

Inspection of case interior Cleaning case interior Inspection of mounts Change monitoring chart download data logger Recondition/renew silica gel Examine pollutant monitor Replace pollutant absorber

E. OBJECTS

Check location Rotation Substitution Cleaning Treatment

2:1 Temperature and Relative Humidity Monitoring Options Map

Exhibit Conservation Guidelines

TYPE OF SYSTEM DESCRIPTION USE/COMMENTS1 APPROXIMATE

COST

MANUFACTURER

/ SUPPLIER

remote sensor chart recorders probe with cable connected to a chart recorder

Accuracy ±1°F and

±3% RH;

1-6’ cable;

some have alarms for high or low levels;

can have multiple recording channels.

$640-$2000 Omega Engineering, Inc. or various other firms hand-held electronic hygrometers and thermometers probe or sensor connected to a hand-held unit with digital display accuracy ±2°F and

±3%RH;

operates on batteries;

portable; some can be connected to remote recorders.

$250 and up Cole-Parmer psychrometer readings from a wet and dry thermometer are referenced on a chart to give humidity accuracy dependent on operator;

use distilled water;

wick must be clean.

$150 and up Cole-Parmer indicator cards a combination of cobalt and other inorganic salts that change color in response to relative humidity accuracy ±10%;

cheap;

useful as a visual indicator of a problem when dataloggers are used.

$1 per card Humidial Corp.

data loggers sensor with a memory chip that records data for future downloading accuracy ±4%RH;

can be left in place for up to one year;

no visual reading from the unit itself so problems may go undetected until downloading.

price from around $1,000

SmartReader 2 TRAK-R Logger or equivalent Hanwell Wireless recording hygrothermographs sensors are connected to pens that simultaneously record data on a chart connected to a revolving drum or disk accuracy ±2°F and

±2%RH;

allows on the spot reading of data;

some units record up to three months;

are already available in many institutions.

$250 and up Cole-Parmer Dickson hygrometers and thermometers small unit that displays either temperature, humidity, or both on a dial or digital display accuracy ±2°F and

±3%RH;

calibration must be checked frequently;

small enough to be easily hidden.

$50 and up Cole-Parmer

1 Accuracy may vary between units. The best published accuracy is given in this chart.

2:11 Exhibit Pest Incident Report Form Exhibit Conservation Guidelines

Map

Exhibit Pest Incident Report Form

Examiner: _ Date: _

Exhibit title: _ Exhibit location:

Object(s) location:

Open display: _

Location of Pest Evidence and Museum Objects Affected

Closed exhibit case: _ Specific object(s) affected:

Specific materials damaged:

Identification of pests: _ Source of Identification: _

Pest Observation

Total Number of Pests Observed: living: _ dead:

Insect or Rodent Evidence:

Frass Cast larval skins Egg casing Webbing Specks Droppings Nesting materials Carcasses Staining Holes/tunnels Surface grazing Other

Isolation (list method): _ Pest Management Action To Be Taken

Mechanical cleaning (performed by):

Freezing (list duration/temp): _ Fumigation (list fumigant): _ Frequency of follow-up inspection: _ Implement area-wide monitoring:

Additional Comments: Reverse

4:2 Exhibit Lighting Relamping Schedule Form Exhibit Conservation Guidelines

Map

The Maintenance Manual should include a schedule for relamping the exhibit lighting systems and for replacing any specialized filters.

Documentation of the lighting systems, lamp types and any filters or other special lighting features is critical to the maintenance of conservation approved lighting for the exhibit. The angle and spread of the beam are two very important variables that are often implemented incorrectly during relamping. This effects not only the aesthetics of the exhibit but light levels falling on the display objects.

The following form is an example that can be adapted to suit the particular lighting system used in an exhibit.

EXHIBITION LIGHTING SCHEDULE FORM

Exhibition:

Location:

Dates of Inspections:

LAMP

TYPE

MANUFACTURER PART NO. WATTS VOLTS LAMP QUANTITY OBJECT OR

LOCATION

LIGHT

LEVEL

BEAM

ANGLE

e D et ai ls an d Ill us tr at io ns C on te nt s at a

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,c as e ac ce ss

,e xh ib it lig ht in g an d en vi ro nm en ta lc on tro l.

O fu tm os ti m po rta nc e is th e en clo su re 's ab ilit y to pr ov id e a pr ot ec tiv e m ic ro -e nv iro nm en t, co nt ro lt he in gr es s of ai rb or ne po llu ta nt s an d pe st s, an d re du ce en vi ro nm en ta li ns ta bi lit y.

W ith re ga rd s to th es e fa ct or s ea ch w al lc as e de si gn pe rfo rm s di ffe re nt ly.

Th e va ria bl es th at im pa ct pr es er va tio n pe rfo rm an ce ar e:

th e de gr ee to w hi ch th e ca se ca n be se al ed w he th er an en vi ro nm en ta lm ai nt en an ce ch am be r an d lig ht in g ch am be r ar e in cl ud ed ;t he ty pe of gl az in g us ed an d th e nu m be r of gl az ed pa ne ls an d so lid w al ls an d w he th er ep ox y-w el de d vi tri ne s or fra m es fo r st ru ct ur al gl az in g ar e em pl oy ed

4- Si de d

V itr in e

C as e

5- Si de d

V itr in e

C as e

Sh ad ow Bo x C as e

A ng le d

R ai lC as e

E xh ib it

C on se rv at io n G ui de lin es

N at io na l

P ar k S er vi ce

A pr il te nt

D ev el op m en ta nd llu st ra tio ns by

To by

R ap ha el an d

Ke vi n Br oo ke s l:

D

W al lC as e Ex am pl es

W oo d or m et al st ru ct ur al fra m es ca n be en gi ne er ed to im pa rt st re ng th an d ph ys ic al se cu rit y ho w ev er th ey dr am at ic al ly in cr ea se th e po te nt ia lo fc as e le ak ag e;

ga sk et in g an d ca ul k se al an ts w ill be ne ed ed

M ul tip le ,i nl in e gl az in g pa ne ls in cr ea se no to nl y ca se vo lu m e b ut th e am ou nt o f lin ea r se al s re qu ire d, ex tru de d jo in in g ha rd w ar e an d ca ul k se al an ts m us t be em pl oy ed

M ov ea bl e pa ne ls pr es en ts pe ci al en gi ne er in g ch al le ng es an d re qu ire sp ec ia lh ar dw ar e.

In te rio r w al ls ca n fa ci lit at e ac ce ss do or de si gn

As th es e su rfa ce s

(in cl ud in g ce ilin gs an d flo or

s) ca n be pr e-ex is tin g, va po r pe rm ea bi lit y an d te m pe ra tu re tra ns fe rc an be pr ob le m at ic

D im en si on al st ab ili ty of w al l-t o-gl az in g jo in ts m us t be co ns id er ed

In in te gr al lig ht in g sy st em s fix tu re s an d la m ps at ta ch di re ct ly to th e ca se

Li gh tin g at tic s m us t be se al ed

;s ep ar at e ch am be rs w ith ad eq ua te ve nt ila tio n to en su re no he at in g of ex hi bi to bj ec ts

Th e pr in ci pa ll ig ht in g ch al le ng es ar e to co nt ro l ra di at io n le ve ls an d he at in g at su ch cl os e pr ox im ity to th e ob je ct s.

Fu ll

H ei gh t

M ul tip le

Pa ne lC as e

H in ge d-

D oo r M ul tip le Pa ne lC as e

Fr am ed M ul tip le Pa ne lC as e

E xh ib it

C on se rv at io n G ui de lin es

N at io na l

P ar k S er vi ce

A pr il te nt

D ev el op m en ta nd llu st ra tio ns by

To by

R ap ha el an d

Ke vi n Br oo ke s l:

E

E xh ib it

Ca se

A na to m y M ap S

Ex hi bi tc as es ar e en cl os ur es co m pr is ed of an ex te rio r st ru ct ur e w ith on e or m or e vi ew in g w in do w s an d in te rio r co m pa rtm en ts

.A ll ca se s ha ve an ob je ct di sp la y ch am be r;

no ta ll ca se s ha ve an en vi ro nm en ta l m ai nt en an ce ch am be ra nd a lig ht in g ch am be ro r at tic

.L ig ht in g at tic s ar e on ly re qu ire d w he n ex hi bi t lig ht in g or ig in at es at th e ca se

Th e en vi ro nm en ta lc ha m be ri s us ed fo r hu m id ity an d ch em ic al po llu ta nt co nt ro llin g eq ui pm en t.

Th es e m at er ia ls ca n al so be lo ca te d w ith in th e di sp la y ch am be r in ex hi bi tf ur ni tu re or be hi nd ob je ct s.

Pr es er va tio n co nc er ns ge ne ra lly fo cu s on th e de si gn an d m at er ia ls us ed in th e co ns tru ct io n of th e in te rio r co m pa rtm en ts

Th e pr im ar y co ns er va tio n co nc er ns ar e:

th e us e of no n-ha za rd ou s co ns tru ct io n m at er ia ls ;a ir ci rc ul a-tio n be tw ee n th e m ai nt en an ce an d di sp la y ch am be rs an d m ai nt ai ni ng th ei rl ev el of se al fro m th e ro om ad eq ua te ve nt in g of th e lig ht in g at tic an d its se al ed is ol at io n fr om t he ot he r ch am be rs

W al l C as e

B ac kw al lC as e

Li gh t A tti c

Pe de st al

C as e Li gh tA tti c

D is pl ay

C ha m be r

E nv iro nm en ta l C on tro lC ha m be r

D is pl ay

C ha m be r

E nv iro nm en ta l C on tro lC ha m be r D is pl ay C ha m be r

E nv iro nm en ta l C on tro lC ha m be r

E xh ib it

C on se rv at io n G ui de lin es

N at io na l

P ar k S er vi ce

A pr il on te nt s in D et ai l Ca se D et ai ls an d Ill us tra tio ns

C as e Li gh tin g 2:

A Li gh tin g So ur ce

L oc at io ns

M ap

Li gh tin g D ur at io n an d

In te ns ity

C on tro ls

In te gr al L ig ht in g

Ac ce ss 2:

D Li gh tin g C om pa rtm en t H ea tin g

E

Li gh t M od ify in g

D ev ic es

F

In ca nd es ce nt Li gh tin g

G

Fl uo re sc en tL ig ht in g

2:

H

Fi be r O pt ic

Ill um in at or Lo ca tio ns 2:

I Fi be r

O pt ic Li gh tin g O pt io ns

N ar ra tiv e G ui de lin es

Te ch ni ca lN ot es

Ex hi bi t

C on se rv at io n G ui de lin es

N at io na lP ar k

Se rv ic e

A pr il

C on te nt

D ev el op m en t an d Ill us tra tio ns by To by R ap ha el an d Ke vi n

B ro

Li gh tin g

So ur ce Lo ca tio ns M ap

Th er e ar e tw o m et ho ds of lig ht in g ex hi bi tc as es ex te rn al lig ht in g fro m th e ro om 's ce ilin g (o rw al ls an d lig ht in g th at is in te gr al to th e ca se

.C ei lin g lig ht in g is p re fe rre d fro m a p re se rv at io n pe rs pe ct iv e be ca us e el ec tri ca lf ix tu re s an d he at ge ne ra tin g la m ps a re k ep ta t a d is ta nc e fro m th e di sp la y ob je ct s.

C ei lin g lig ht in g, in cl ud in g re ce ss ed an d su rfa ce m ou nt ed lig ht s, is ge ne ra lly in st al le d as an gl ed lig ht in g, an d as do w n lig ht in g.

Th e pr im ar y di sa dv an ta ge of an gl ed lig ht in g is gl ar e, re fle ct io n an d sh ad ow s fro m vi si to rs

Th e de gr ee an gl e sh ow n be lo w is su gg es te d fo ro pt im al lig ht in g.

D ow n lig ht in g av oi ds g la re b ut sh ad ow s fro m ob je ct s ca n be pr ob le m at ic

.C as e ce ilin gs ca n be fa br ic at ed to in cl ud e pr ot ec tiv e di ffu se r pa ne ls or fil m s.

Ad va nt ag es of in te gr al lig ht in g in cl ud e:

lig ht so ur ce co nc ea lm en t;

ob je ct by ob je ct ad ju st m en t of illu m in at io n le ve ls fle xib ilit y to cu st om ize lig ht in g fo rc ha ng in g co nt en t.

C ei lin g

A ng le d

Li gh tin g

C ei lin g

D ow n Li gh tin g In te gr al C as e

Li gh tin g

E xh ib it

C on se rv at io n G ui de lin es

N at io na lP ar k

S er vi ce

A pr il

C on te nt

D ev el op m en ta nd

Ill us tra tio ns by

T ob y R ap ha el an d Ke vi n

Br oo te nt

D ev el op m en ta nd

Ill us tra tio ns by

To by

R ap ha el an d

Ke vi n Br oo ke s

2:

B

Li gh tin g

D ur at io n an d In te ns ity C on tro ls M ap

To m in im iz e ex po su re of lig ht se ns iti ve ob je ct s to ca se lig ht in g, re du ce th e du ra tio n an d in te ns ity of ex po su re

.T he re ar e m aj or co nt ro lm et ho ds av ai l-ab le :m an ua ls w itc hi ng m an ua ld im m in g, pr e-se t sw itc hi ng

,p re

-s et di m m in g an d us e of m ot io n se ns or s.

M an ua ls w itc hi ng -i nv ol ve s m an ua la ct iv at io n of lig ht s by vi si to rs or st af f:

on -o ff sw itc hi ng of ei th er en tir e ci rc ui ts or in di vi du al fix tu re s.

In ex pe ns iv e re m ot e sw itc he s ca n be ad de d to ca se s an d op er at ed by st af ff ro m a ce nt ra ld es k.

M an ua ld im m in g-in vo lv es th e ad ju st m en to fl ig ht le ve ls fo ra si ng le ca se or fo ra n en tir e ex hi bi ta re a.

C on sid er in st al lin g fix tu re s w ith in di vi du al di m m er s so th at in di vi du al la m ps ca n be tu rn ed d o w n di m m er le ve ls sh ou ld be fix ed an d m ad e ta m pe r-pr oo f.

Pr e-se td im m in g-in vo lv es m or e so ph is tic at ed pr og ra m m ab le di m m er s.

S pe ci fic lig ht in g le ve ls ar e co ns is te nt ly ob ta in ed an d gr ad ua lr am pi ng of lig ht le ve ls is po ss ib le .S ys te m s ar e us ua lly em pl oy ed w ith oc cu pa nc y or au to m at ic se ns or s.

Pr e-se tp ro gr am m in g-el ec tro ni c co nt ro l p an el s ca n be s et fo r m ul tip le fu nc tio ns o f t im in g an d pr og ra m m ab le d im m in g cir cu its

O cc up an cy (m ot io

n) se ns or s-in vo lv e se ns or s th at de te rm in e ex hi bi tv is ito r m ov em en ta nd sw itc h lig ht in g on -o ff ac co rd in gl y.

Th ey ar e lin ke d to m an ua lo rp re -s et di m m er s an d us ua lly re ly on ul tra so ni c or pa ss iv e in fra re d te ch no lo gy

M an ua l sw itc hi ng

,r em ot el y co nt ro lle d by st af f.

D ur at io n of an ob je ct

's ex po su re to lig ht is de pe nd en t on th e at te nt iv en es s of m us eu m st af f.

M an ua l sw itc hi ng co nt ro lle d by vi si to r.

M an ua l sw itc he s ar e ea sy to in st al l, ho w ev er ,a dd in g a tim er is a sa fe gu ar d ag ai ns tt he lig ht in g be in g le ft on

Pr e-se td im m er w ith vi si to ro cc up an cy se ns or co nt ro l.

Th es e sy st em s ar e th e m os tr el ia bl e bu t m us tb e m at ch ed w ith th e lig ht in g eq ui pm en t;

so m e ar e in co m pa tib le

E xh ib it

C on se rv at io n G ui de lin es

N at io na l

P ar k S er vi ce

A pr il te nt

D ev el op m en ta nd

Ill us tra tio ns by

To by

R ap ha el an d

Ke vi n Br oo ke s

2:

C

In te gr al

Li gh tin g

Ac ce ss M ap

Li gh tin g co m pa rtm en ts m us tb e is ol at ed fr om ob je ct di sp la y ch am be rs :n o ai re xc ha ng e be tw ee n th e ch am be rs sh ou ld oc cu r.

Li gh tin g fix tu re ad ju st m en t an d la m p m ai nt en an ce sh ou ld be ac co m pl ish ed th ro ug h an in de pe nd en ta cc es s do or w hi ch ha s its ow n se cu rit y fe at ur es

Th e sa m e ke y sh ou ld no t pe rm it ac ce ss to th e di s-pl ay ch am be ra nd ob je ct s.

D oo rs sh ou ld be de si gn ed to pr ov id e su ffi ci en ts pa ce to in st al la nd m an ip ul at e fix tu re s an d la m ps

-l ar ge en ou gh fo r a te ch ni ci an to re ac h al lf ix tu re s.

Sp ec ia la tte nt io n sh ou ld be gi ve n to th e su pp or tf or la rg er or he av y do or s in or de r th at th ey be he ld sa fe ly op en du rin g m ai nt en an ce pr oc ed ur es .H in ge d do or s sh ou ld op en "u p ra th er th an "d ow n"

A ll lig ht in g co m pa rtm en ts re qu ire ve nt ila tio n;

th os e lo ca te d un de ro r to th e si de of th e di sp la y c ha m be r re qu ire in su la tio n to re du ce he at tra ns fe r.

A lig ht in g co m pa rtm en ti n th e ba se of th e ca se ca n in co rp or at e a fib er op tic lig ht ill um in at or ,o r be lo w de ck lig ht in g fi xt ur e.

W al l c as e lig ht in g m ay be ac ce ss ed ei th er fro m th e fr on t or fro m th e re ar if a m ai nt en an ce co rr id or is av ai la bl e.

Li gh tin g fix tu re s at ta ch ed to hi ng ed do or s ar e ea sy to m ai nt ai n, ho w ev er m ay be di ffi cu lt to ai m

Pl ac em en to ff ix tu re s in la rg e fre e-st an di ng ca se s, sh ou ld no tl oc at e la m ps ou t of re ac h.

E xh ib it

C on se rv at io n G ui de lin es

N at io na l

P ar k S er vi ce

A pr il te nt

D ev el op m en ta nd

Ill us tra tio ns by

To by

R ap ha el an d

Ke vi n Br oo ke s

2:

D

Li gh tin g

C om pa rtm en tH ea tin g M ap

A si gn ifi ca nt di sa dv an ta ge of in te gr al ca se lig ht in g (b es id es th e ris k of el ec tri ca lf ire

)i s ov er

-h ea tin g of th e di sp la y ch am be rb y po or ly de si gn ed lig ht in g co m pa rtm en ts

Ad eq ua te ve nt ila tio n an d in su la tio n of lig ht in g co m pa rt m en ts ar e cr iti ca l to pr ev en t he at tra ns fe r.

Fa n co ol in g de sig ns sh ou ld al so in cl ud e co nv ec tio n co ol in g fo r pe rio ds of m ec ha ni ca lf ai lu re

To en su re ad eq ua te he at di ss ip at io n co ns ul ta m ec ha ni ca le ng in ee rt o de te rm in e th e

B

TU

's pr od uc ed th e si ze of th e ve nt ar ea an d ai r flo w re qu ire m en ts

Ke y fa ct or s in cl ud e la m p w at ta ge co m pa rtm en ts iz e an d ro om te m pe ra tu re

Fa ns sh ou ld be or ie nt ed to ev ac ua te ho t ai r fr om th e co m pa rtm en t.

In su la te d gl as s pa ne li s an op tio n.

La m ps an d fix tu re s th at do no t ge ne ra te ex ce ss ive he at ca n be co ol ed th ro ug h na tu ra lc on ve ct io n, u si ng w el l-d es ig ne d an d fil te re d, ve nt ila tio n op en in gs

Lo ca te fa ns ne ar an d ab ov e th e la m ps . U til iz e eq ua l op en in g siz es fo r th e ai r en te rin g an d ex iti ng .I nc om in g ai r m us t be fil te re d.

In su la te be lo w de ck lig ht in g co m pa rtm en ts

H ea t tra ns fe rs to ob je ct s in w ay s

R ad ia tio n

H ea tin g e le ct ro m ag ne tic w av e m ot io n

(h ea tin g of ob je ct s w ith ou t w ar m in g th e ai r be tw ee n th em an d th e la m p)

C on du ct io n H ea tin g -tr an sm is si on fr om m ol ec ul e to ad jo in in g m ol ec ul e (h ea tin g of di sp la y c ha m be r m at er ia l th ro ug h th e ad jo in in g ca se st ru ct ur e)

C on ve ct io n

H ea tin g-

Tr an sm is si on by ai r m ot io n:

w ar m er su rfa ce s to co ol er (h ea tin g of di sp la y ch am be r ai r th ro ug h co nt ac tw ith th e he at ed gl az in g s ur fa ce s)

H ot ai rf ro m la m ps lo ca te d in th e ba se of a ca se m us t be m ec ha ni ca lly ve nt ed fro m t he ba se ar ea ,o rt he ca se si de

E xh ib it

C on se rv at io n G ui de lin es

N at io na l

P ar k S er vi ce

A pr il te nt

D ev el op m en ta nd

Ill us tra tio ns by

To by

R ap ha el an d

Ke vi n Br oo ke s

2:

E

Li gh tM od ify in g D ev ic es M ap

Li gh t m od ify in g de vic es ca n ea si ly be in tr od uc ed in to lig ht co m pa rtm en ts be tw ee n th e lig ht so ur ce an d th e ob je ct s.

Ap pl ic at io ns in cl ud e la ye rin g m at er ia ls an d di re ct io na ls cr ee ns .T he se le ct io n of lig ht m od ify in g de vi ce s sh ou ld be m at ch ed to th e lig ht in g sy st em be in g us ed .L ig ht in g co m pa rtm en t di m en si on s m us t be la rg e en ou gh to ac co m m od at e th e de vi ce s, an d to pr ev en to ve rh ea tin g of fla m m ab le m at er ia ls

D am ag in g ra di at io n ca n be ef fic ie nt ly m in im iz ed by fil te rs w hi ch co nt ro lb ot h th e in te ns ity of lig ht re ac hi ng th e ob je ct s an d its

U V an d

IR

co m po ne nt s.

G la ss or sy nt he tic

(p la st ic fil te rs ys te m s ca n be us ed to el im in at e U

V ra di at io n be lo w nm

:E ith er s of t, th in p la st ic fi lm

, o rr ig id pl as tic sh ee tis av ai la bl e.

Li gh tin g di ffu se rs ,l ou ve rs an d ba ffl es ca n be us ed to di re ct or di ffu se lig ht re du ce ho ts po ts an d gl ar e;

an d hi de fix tu re s, in se ct s, an d de br is

Th in sh ee tm at er ia ls ar e av ai la bl e as fle xi bl e di ffu se r, U V fil te rs

IR

fil te rs an d tin te d li gh t re du ct io n fil m s.

R ig id sh ee tm at er ia ls ar e av ai la bl e in gl as s, ac ry lic an d po ly ca rb on at e;

U

V fil te rs

,d iff us er s a nd le ns es

R ig id lo uv er pa ne ls ar e av ai la bl e in pl as tic an d m et al as am pl ifi ca tio n or pa ra bo lic gr id s, lig ht di re ct io n gr id s an d gl ar e re du ct io n pa ne ls

Lo uv er s ca n be pl ac ed be lo w th e tra ns pa re nt pa ne lt o hi de de br is th at ca n ac cu m ul at e ov er tim e.

Li gh tm od ify in g m at er ia ls em pl oy ed w ith in th e di sp la y c ha m be r m us t be co ns er va tio n ap pr op ria te m at er ia ls

M ic ro lo uv er s pa ne ls ar e us ed fo r lig ht di re ct io n an d gl ar e re du ct io n.

E xh ib it

C on se rv at io n G ui de lin es

N at io na l

P ar k S er vi ce

A pr il te nt

D ev el op m en ta nd

Ill us tra tio ns by

To by

R ap ha el an d

Ke vi n Br oo ke s

2:

F

In ca nd es ce nt

Ca se

Li gh tin g

M ap

C ur re nt ly, lo w vo lta ge

(q ua rtz ha lo ge

n) in ca nd es ce nt lig ht in g is th e m os tc om m on lig ht so ur ce fo r ex hi bi tc as es

.B ot h tra di tio na li nc an de sc en ta nd qu ar tz ha lo ge n la m ps pr od uc e a de si ra bl e

°t o

°K co lor te m pe ra tu re an d ha ve go od co lor re nd er in g.

A gr ea tr an ge of fix tu re s, la m ps an d be am va rie tie s ar e av ai la ble ,h ow ev er th ey ha ve se ve ra ld isa dv an ta ge s:

la m ps ar e of te n to o br ig ht a tt he cl os e di st an ce s;

la m ps pr od uc e m or e he at th an lig ht

D es ig n in ca nd es ce nt lig ht in g sy st em s to av oi d ex ce ss ive vi si bl e lig ht le ve ls an d ov er he at in g:

w he ne ve rp os si bl e, us e lo w vo lta ge sy st em s w ith lo w w at ta ge la m ps (ie

.2 0-w at ts us e th e co rre ct be am w id th fo r th e ap pl ic at io n;

ad eq ua te ly ve nt th e lig ht in g co m pa rtm en t;

ke ep at le as t4 fe et be tw ee n la m ps an d ob je ct s;

se tla m ps as fa rf ro m tra ns pa re nt pl as tic pa ne ls as po ss ib le w ith in th e lig ht in g co m pa rtm en t;

us e ad ju st ab le fix tu re s th at ac ce pt fil te rs

Ba rn do or s or ba ffl es

C ub e ce ll lo uv er

U V

IR

fil te rs

Le ns sp re ad er s fo cu si ng ai ds

A de qu at el y ve nt ila te in ca nd es ce nt la m ps :l oc at e ve nt s ab ov e la m ps an d di st an ce la m ps fro m fla m m ab le m at er ia ls su ch as ac ry lic pa ne ls

C on su lt m an uf ac tu re r’s pr od uc t da ta

Sn oo ts hi el d

Ac ce ss or ie s th at ar e av ai la bl e fo r in ca nd es ce nt fix tu re s.

Lo ca te ai m -a bl e fix tu re s to w ar ds th e fro nt of th e lig ht in g c ha m be r.

Fl uo re sc en tl ig ht in g ca n al so be in te gr at ed fo r di ffu se lig ht in g.

Fo rl ig ht in g fle xi bi lit y w ith in co m pa rtm en ts in st al lf ix tu re s o n m ov ea bl e tra ck

Lo w vo lta ge tra ns fo rm er s ar e he at pr od uc er s:

f ix tu re s c an ha ve in di vi du al tra ns fo rm er s, o r sh ar e a si ng le re m ot e tra ns fo rm er

Tr ac k fix tu re s ca n ha ve in di vi du al di m m er s:

p ro cu re fix tu re s w ith t he ab ili ty to ho ld lig ht in g c on tro lf ilt er s an d le ns es

Q ua rtz ha lo ge n la m ps sh ou ld in co rp or at e an in fra re d re fle ct iv e co at in g an d be us ed in co m bi na tio n w ith

UV

ab so rb in g filt er s.

PA

R la m ps ar e pa ra bo lic a lu m in iz ed re fle ct or s th at ar e av ai la bl e in lo w w at ta ge ha lo ge n or st an da rd ve rs io ns

E xh ib it

C on se rv at io n G ui de lin es

N at io na l

P ar k S er vi ce

A pr il te nt

D ev el op m en ta nd

Ill us tra tio ns by

To by

R ap ha el an d

Ke vi n Br oo ke s

2:

G

Fl uo re sc en tL ig ht in g

M ap

Fl uo re sc en t t ub es a re fr eq ue nt ly u se d fo r a m bi en t ca se li gh tin g.

T he li gh t i s di ffu se a nd n on -d ire ct io na l an d th er ef or e no t s ui ta bl e w he n in di vi du al o bj ec ts o r te xt n ee d to b e illu m in at ed a t d iff er en t l ev el s.

N ew be tte r q ua lit y flu or es ce nt tu be s of fe r b et te r c ol re nd er in g, a nd w ith th e in st al la tio n of d im m in g ba lla st s, li gh t l ev el s ca n be d im m ed to w ith in te n pe rc en t o f f ul l v al ue w ith ou t a ffe ct in g lig ht q ua lit y.

Pl ac em en t i s us ua lly a t t he to p of a n ex hi bi t c e, us in g ov er -li gh tin g at th e to p an d in su ffi ci en t lig ht in g at th e bo tto m

. L ig ht in g in c as es c on ta in in g se ns iti ve a rti fa ct s ar e of p ar tic ul ar c on ce rn a s fo ot ca nd le le ve ls m uc h be a dj us te d ac co rd in g to o bj ec t se ns iti vi ty , s om et im es re su lti ng in a re as in th e se w ith in su ffi ci en t i llu m in at n.

O th er as so ci at ed pr ob le m s ar e:

de sig ns fre qu en tly ca llf or to o m an y fix tu re s, an d lo w er illu m in at io n le ve ls ca nn ot be ob ta in ed he at fro m t he flu or es ce nt fix tu re s a nd ba lla st s he at ob je ct s in th e di sp la y ch am be r, an d de st ab iliz e th e in te rio rc lim at e un le ss w el l ve nt ed m os tt ub e la m ps em it un ac ce pt ab le le ve ls of U

V.

If co nv en tio na lo r co m pa ct la m ps ar e us ed th e lig ht in g co pa rtm en ts ho ul d be ca re fu lly de si gn ed an d te st ed

.D es ig n op tio ns in cl ud e:

se le ct in g lo we r

UV

la m ps an d in tro du ci ng

UV

filt er s;

ve nt in g th e co m pa rtm en ta de qu at el y an d lo ca tin g th e b al la st ou ts id e of th e co m pa rtm en tt o re du ce he at us in g bl oc k ou tm as ks ,l ou ve rs an d ba ffl es to co nt ro ll ig ht

Po in t S ou rc e L ig ht in g

A co m pa ct flu or es ce nt la m p ca n be su cc es sf ul ly ut ili ze d as a po in t s ou rc e of lig ht in g w ith th e us e of m irr or s or re fle ct iv e ba ffl es

,a s in di ca te d ab ov e.

C om pa ct

Fl uo re sc en t

La m ps ar e av ai la bl e in a w id e ra ng e of sh ap es an d st yl es an d ca n be su cc es sf ul ly in te gr at ed in to lig ht in g co m pa rtm en ts

Th ey ar e us ef ul at sh or t di st an ce s;

th e tu be em its lit tle he at

;h ou si ng s an d le ns es ca n be pu rc ha se d w hi ch fil te rU

V;

lo w w at ta ge la m ps

(ie .7

-9 w at ts ar e ge ne ra lly su ffi ci en tf or m os t ap pl ic at io ns

.S om e la m ps ca n be di m m ed w ith th e us e of el ec tro ni c di m m er s an d di m m ab le ba lla st s.

C on ve nt io na lf lu or es ce nt la m ps in fre e-st an di ng an d w al l ca se ap pl ic at io ns

E xh ib it

C on se rv at io n G ui de lin es

N at io na l

P ar k S er vi ce

A pr il te nt

D ev el op m en ta nd

Ill us tra tio ns by

To by

R ap ha el an d

Ke vi n Br oo ke s

2:

H

Fi be r O pt ic

I llu m in at or

L oc at io ns

M ap

Fi be r o pt ic il lu m in at or s us e a fo cu se d lig ht s ou rc to di re ct li gh t t o a no se pi ec e co nt ai ni ng m ul tip le fi be r op tic c ab le s.

T he li gh t s ou rc e ca n be M

R -1 tu ng st en ha lo ge n, m et al h al id e, o r s ol id s ta te

L

ED

. D ep en di ng th e lig ht s ou rc e, th e illu m in at or w ill be e ith er fa n co nv ec tio n co ol ed

. T he lo ca tio n of th is eq ui pm en t ne ce ss ita te s ca re fu lp la nn in g be ca us e ill um in at or s re qu ire el ec tri ca lp ow er

(u su al ly vo lts ef fic ie nt co ol in g/ ve nt ila tio n sy st em s;

pr ox im ity to th e le ns (le ss th an fe et a cl ea rp at h fo r op tic al ca bl es to th e le ns es ph ys ic al ac ce ss fo r m ai nt en an ce

W he n en cl os ed w ith in th e lig ht in g co m pa rt m en t ca ut io n ne ed s to be ex er ci se d to av oi d h ea tin g of th e di sp la y ch am be r.

Ad eq ua te ai rf lo w is re qu ire d to di ss ip at e he at th at is ge ne ra te d.

In su la tio n w ill be re qu ire d fo ri llu m in at or lo ca tio ns un de rt he di s-pl ay de ck

R em ot e

Lo ca tio n

Ill um in at or lo ca te d re m ot el y to th e ca se ei th er be hi nd a w al l or in th e ce ilin g ab ov e

Be lo w D ec k

Lo ca tio n

Ill um in at or lo ca te d in th e ba se of a ca se

Li gh tin g fro m

B el ow W he n di sp la y o bj ec ts re qu ire lig ht in g fro be w fib er o pt ic s ys te m s ca n be us ed ef fe ct iv el y if th e he at in g an d ex ce ss iv e ill um in at io n iss ue s ar e ad dr es se d.

Be ca us e of th e pr ob le m of he at di ss ip at io n, c on ve nt io na l in ca nd es ce nt fix tu re s, la m ps an d lo w v ol ta ge tra ns fo rm er s a re pr ob le m at ic fo r th is ap pl ic a-tio n.

C au tio n m us tb e ex er ci se d in th e ca se de si gn ph…