Att 05 - 01_Fire Protection Life Safety for Design and Construction _01122021.pdf

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 1

FIRE PROTECTION & LIFE SAFETY FOR 4

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 5

NIST S 7401.01 7

Document Approval Date: 01/12/2021 8 Effective Date:1 10/01/2018 9

1. PURPOSE 12

The purpose of this suborder is to provide the requirements for fire protection and life safety for 13 new construction and additions or alterations to existing buildings. The codes and standards 14 adopted within this suborder are the baseline fire and life safety standards for design and 15 construction that will be enforced on all NIST-owned and operated sites. Where applicable, the 16 suborder specifies changes to, additions to, and adoptions of more stringent codes and standards. 17 The minimum fire and life safety requirements within the adopted codes and standards are 19 wholly focused on the reduction or elimination of injuries and deaths related to fire. Property 20 protection is a secondary benefit in some cases, however, it is not the focus or primary goal in 21 most of the design standards referenced within the suborder. In cases where equipment is 22 irreplaceable or the benefit-cost ratio is high, consideration should be given to other types of 23 protection (e.g., early detection or specialty suppression systems) which go beyond the minimum 24 requirements of the suborder. 25

2. BACKGROUND 28

a. NIST Policy (P) 7400.00, Fire and Life Safety, articulates NIST’s commitment to making 29 fire and life safety an integral core value and vital part of the NIST culture, in part by 30 complying with applicable laws, regulations, and other promulgated fire and life safety 31 requirements. 32

1 For revision history, see Appendix A.

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 2

b. NIST Order (O) 7401.00, Fire and Life Safety, details the duties and powers of the NIST 34 Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)2 with respect to fire protection and life safety 35 requirements for new construction and additions or alterations to existing buildings. 36

3. APPLICABILITY 39

The provisions of this suborder apply to all new construction and to additions and alterations of 40 existing buildings involving modifications to one or more of the following: 41

a. Fire alarm system components; 43

b. Fire suppression system components; 45

c. Fire-rated construction and smoke control features; 47

d. Means of egress components (e.g., exit signs, emergency lighting, travel paths, travel 49 distance, etc.); or 50

e. Occupant loading or use and occupancy classification. 52

In existing buildings, the following table in accordance with the IEBC shall be referenced for 54 determination of IEBC classification and if a NIST AHJ review is required: 55

IEBC

CLASSIFICATION

DEFINITION

EXAMPLES

NIST-AHJ

REVIEW &

Work Permit

Repairs

The reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing building for the purpose of its maintenance or to correct damage. Repairs include the patching or restoration or replacement of damaged materials, elements, equipment or fixtures for the purpose of maintaining such components in good or sound condition with respect to existing loads or performance requirements.

No

Alteration – Level 1 Alterations include the removal and replacement or the covering of existing materials, elements, equipment, or fixtures using new materials, No

2 As detailed in Section 10, the NIST AHJ may delegate the authority to carry out any AHJ responsibilities to other Fire Protection Engineers (FPEs) in the Office of Safety, Health, and Environment (OSHE).

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 3

IEBC

CLASSIFICATION

DEFINITION

EXAMPLES

NIST-AHJ

REVIEW &

Work Permit elements, equipment or fixtures that serve the same purpose.

Alteration – Level 2

Alterations include the reconfiguration of space, the addition or elimination of any door or window, the reconfiguration or extension of any system, or the installation of any additional equipment.

Yes

Alteration – Level 3 Alterations where the work area exceeds 50% of the building area. Yes

Change of Occupancy

A change in the use of the building or a portion of a building. A change of occupancy shall include any change of occupancy classification, any change from one group to another group within an occupancy classification or any change in use within a group for a specific occupancy classification.

Yes

Additions An extension or increase in floor area, number of stories, or height of a building or structure.

Yes

4. REFERENCES 59

a. 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1910. Subpart L, Fire Protection 60

b. 29 CFR Part 1926, Subpart F, Fire Protection and Prevention 62

c. American Glovebox Society (AGS) Guideline for Gloveboxes 64

d. AGS Standard of Practice for Glovebox Fire Protection 66

e. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A117.1, Standard for Accessible and Usable 68

Buildings and Building 69

f. Division 21,3 Fire Suppression Specifications 71

3 Divisions refer to divisions of construction information, as defined by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)'s MasterFormat. This is the most widely used standard for organizing specifications and other written information for commercial and institutional building projects in the United States.

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 4

g. Division 28,4 Electronic Safety and Security Specifications 73

h. Factory Mutual (FM) Data Sheet 1-53, Anechoic Chambers, April 2012 edition 75

i. FM Data Sheet 1-56, Cleanrooms 77

j. Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 79

k. International Building Code (IBC), 2015 edition 81

l. International Existing Building Code (IEBC), 2015 edition 83

m. International Fire Code (IFC), 2015 edition 85

n. International Mechanical Code (IMC), 2015 edition 87

o. NFPA 3, Recommended Practice for Commissioning of Fire Protection and Life Safety 89 Systems, 2015 edition 90

p. NFPA 4, Standard for Integrated Fire Protection and Life Safety System Testing, 2015 92 edition 93

q. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 95 2013 edition 96

r. NFPA 11, Low, Medium, and High-Expansion Foam, 2010 edition 98

s. NFPA 12, Standard for Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, 2011 edition 100

t. NFPA 13, Standard for Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2013 edition 102

u. NFPA 14, Standard for Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems, 2013 edition 104

v. NFPA 15, Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection, 2012 edition 106

w. NFPA 16, Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems, 2011 108 edition 109

x. NFPA 17, Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems, 2013 edition 111

4 Ibid.

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y. NFPA 17A, Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems, 2013 edition 112

z. NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, 2011 edition 114

aa. NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2014 edition 116

bb. NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, 2013 edition 118

cc. NFPA 75, Standard for Fire Protection of Information Technology Equipment, 2013 edition 120

dd. NFPA 80, Fire Doors and Fire Windows, 2013 edition 122

ee. NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 2015 edition 124

ff. NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2013 edition 126

gg. NFPA 115, Standard for Laser Fire Protection, 2012 edition 128

hh. NFPA 291, Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking of Hydrants, 2010 130 edition 131

ii. NFPA 318, Standard for the Protection of Semiconductor Facilities, 2015 edition 133

jj. NFPA 750, Water Mist Fire Protection Systems, 2015 edition 135

kk. NFPA 801, Standard for Fire Protection of Facilities Handling Radioactive Materials, 2014 137 edition 138

ll. NFPA 2001, Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, 2012 edition 140

5. APPLICABLE NIST DIRECTIVES 143

a. NIST P 7400.00: Fire and Life Safety 144

b. NIST O 7401.00: Fire and Life Safety 146

c. NIST S 7401.02: Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Fire Protection and Life Safety 148

Systems 149

d. NIST S 7401.03: Impairment of Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems 151 https://inet.nist.gov/oshe/directives/fire-life-safety https://inet.nist.gov/oshe/directives/fire-life-safety-0 https://www.nist.gov/oshe/safety-programs/inspection-testing-and-maintenance-fire-protection-and-life-safety-systems https://www.nist.gov/oshe/safety-programs/inspection-testing-and-maintenance-fire-protection-and-life-safety-systems https://www.nist.gov/oshe/safety-programs/impairment-fire-protection-and-life-safety-systems-program

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 6

e. NIST S 7401.04: Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting and Other Hot Works 152

f. NIST S 7101.60: Chemical Management 154

g. NIST S 7101.72: Laser Safety 156

6. REQUIREMENTS 159

a. Design and Construction Criteria 160

(1) NIST shall adopt the following codes and standards as baseline fire and life safety 162 requirements for design and construction activities5: 163

(a) The 2015 International Code Council (ICC) suite of codes, including the IBC, IEBC, 165 IFC, and IMC; 166

(b) The reference standards within the ICC suite of codes; and the referenced standards 168 listed in Section 4 of this document. 169

(2) For existing NIST buildings undergoing additions or alteration, the following shall be 171 adhered to: 172

(a) IEBC; and 174

(b) Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 176

(3) For Request for Variance (RFV) and Appeal of Denied Request 178

(a) See NIST O7401-00 Fire & Life Safety and Appendices E and F. 180

(4) The following requirements are in addition to the adopted codes and standards listed in 182 Section 6a(1), or are provided for additional clarity or emphasis. 183

(a) Building Design and General Fire and Life Safety Features 185

i. Type of construction, fire resistance requirements, penetrations, allowable 187 floor area, building height limitations, building separation distance 188 requirements, and allowable fire areas shall be in accordance with the IBC. 189

5 A list of additional adopted codes and standards, to include those standards not referenced in this suborder but referenced in other FLS suborders, is provided in NIST O7401.00: Fire and Life Safety, Appendix B.

https://www.nist.gov/oshe/safety-programs/fire-prevention-during-welding-cutting-and-other-hot-works https://www.nist.gov/oshe/safety-programs/chemical-management-program https://www.nist.gov/oshe/safety-programs/laser-safety-program

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 7

(i) Existing metal walls found in the NIST lab buildings are acceptable 190 for reconfiguration within the limits of the adopted codes and 191 standards. 192

ii. Means of egress requirements shall comply with IBC, Chapter 10 and NFPA 194

1016, Life Safety Code, for new and existing buildings. 195

iii. Door openings in fire resistive construction shall be protected in accordance 197 with NFPA 80, Fire Doors and Fire Windows. 198

(i) Approved fire doors and their frames shall not be modified in the field. 200

b. Fire Suppression Systems 202

(1) Any new fire suppression system or any alteration to an existing fire suppression system 204 shall require a NIST Work Permit. 205

(2) All new construction shall have complete automatic sprinkler protection designed and 207 installed in accordance with the IBC and NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of 208 Sprinkler Systems. The requirements for the installation of automatic sprinkler protection 209 in existing buildings undergoing renovations shall be in accordance with the IEBC. 210

(a) Automatic sprinkler systems shall use equipment and devices listed by a Nationally 212

Recognized Testing Laboratory (a.k.a. “NRTL”), and shall be acceptable per the 213

NIST AHJ. 214

(b) Automatic sprinkler systems shall provide for 100% coverage of the building, unless 216 otherwise permitted within NFPA 13. 217

i. NIST buildings/areas deemed sensitive to water damage or areas with 219 irreplaceable equipment may be evaluated by the NIST AHJ for an exception 220 to the 100% fire sprinkler requirement by the NIST AHJ. However, an 221 alternative means for fire protection and life safety shall be provided. 222

(c) Backflow preventers shall be installed on all new systems in accordance with NFPA 224

13 and manufacturer requirements. Hydraulic calculations shall include pressure 225

6 The requirements within Chapter 10 of the IBC supersede those requirements within NFPA 101 to the extent that the two codes conflict. In instances where additional requirements are provided within NFPA 101 that are not present in Chapter 10 of the IBC, those requirements shall be implemented unless otherwise deemed unnecessary by the NIST AHJ.

https://www.osha.gov/dts/otpca/nrtl/nrtllist.html https://www.osha.gov/dts/otpca/nrtl/nrtllist.html

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 8 losses for backflow preventers, per manufacturer data sheets or a minimum of 5 PSI, 226 whichever is greater. 227

(d) Fire sprinkler systems shall be designed using the Area/Density method from NFPA 229

13. 230

(e) Fire sprinkler piping shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 13 and 232 with the following NIST requirements: 233

i. All fire sprinkler piping shall be Schedule 40 for sizes of 6 inches and smaller; 235

ii. Fire sprinkler piping 6 inches or more may be exempt from the Schedule 40 237 requirements with prior NIST AHJ approval; and 238

iii. Incoming fire sprinkler feeds shall be dedicated and provided with a locked 240 post indicator valve. 241

(f) Hydraulic calculations shall include a minimum 10% factor of safety for residual 243 pressure. 244

(g) Shop drawings and calculations (when required) for new fire suppression systems or 246 altered fire suppression systems shall be prepared by one of the following: 247

i. National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET) 249

Level III for Automatic Sprinkler Systems; 250

ii. NICET Level IV for Special Hazards Suppression Systems; or 252

iii. A registered FPE. 254

(h) Fire suppression systems shall be designed, fabricated, and installed by a qualified 256 person7. 257

(i) All fire suppression systems shall be monitored unless otherwise permitted by the 259

NIST AHJ. 260

7 The term “qualified” is defined in the NFPA Glossary of Terms as “A competent and capable person or company that has met the requirements and training for a given field acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.” The term “qualified person” is defined in the NFPA Glossary of Terms as “A person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, professional standing, or skill, and who, by knowledge, training, and experience, has demonstrated the ability to perform the work.”

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 9

(3) For water-based fire protection systems, water flow tests shall be conducted in 262 accordance with NFPA 291, Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking 263 of Hydrants, to determine the available water supply. 264

(a) The water flow test shall be witnessed by the NIST AHJ. 266

(b) Historical water supply information may be presented for reference, but it shall not be 268 accepted as input information for new or modified water-based fire protection 269 systems. 270

(4) Standpipe systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 14, 272

Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems. 273

(a) Class II and III standpipe systems are not permitted at NIST-owned and operated 275 sites. 276

(5) Water spray systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 15, Water 278

Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection. 279

(6) Water mist systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 750, Water 281

Mist Fire Protection Systems. 282

(7) Foam systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 11, Low, 284

Medium, and High-Expansion Foam, and NFPA 16, Installation of Foam-Water 285 Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems. 286

(8) Dry chemical extinguishing systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with 288

NFPA 17, Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems. 289

(9) Carbon dioxide systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 12, 291 Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. 292

(a) Total flooding systems are not allowed in normally occupied spaces, i.e., in areas 294 where a pipe break/leak could make a normally occupied area unsafe for occupants. 295

(10) Wet chemical extinguishing systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with 297 NFPA 17A, Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems. 298

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(11) Wetting agent fire extinguishing systems and water additive fire controls shall be 300 designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 18, Wetting Agents, and NFPA 18A, 301 Water Additives for Fire Control 302

(12) Clean agent fire extinguishing systems shall be designed and installed in accordance 304 with NFPA 2001, Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems. 305

(a) With total flooding and local application clean agent systems, consideration shall be 307 given to compartment under/over pressurization that could occur during discharge. 308

(13) Portable fire extinguishers shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 45; 310 Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories using Chemicals, NFPA 101, Life Safety 311 Code, and NFPA 10, Portable Fire Extinguishers. 312

(a) Fire extinguishers may be installed in recessed or semi-recessed enclosed cabinets. If 314 necessary due to building restrictions, fire extinguishers may be placed on hooks 315 without reducing egress widths beyond acceptable limits. 316

(14) Halon 1301 systems are prohibited at NIST-owned and operated sites. 318

c. Fire Detection Systems 320

(1) Any new fire detection system or alteration to an existing fire detection system shall 322 require a NIST Work Permit. 323

(2) Fire alarm systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 72, National 325 Fire Alarm Code, and NFPA 70, National Electric Code. 326

(3) Duct smoke detectors 328

(a) New and existing building construction requirements for duct smoke detectors shall 330 comply with the IMC. 331

(b) Duct detector bypass capabilities shall be provided at the fire alarm control panel 333 (FACP) to allow for exhausting of smoke via the AHU(s). 334

(4) Fire alarm system shop drawings and calculations (when required) shall be prepared by 336 one of the following: 337

(a) NICET Level III for Fire Alarm Systems; or 339

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 11

(b) A registered FPE. 340

(5) Fire alarm shop drawings and calculations (when required) shall satisfy the following 342 requirements: 343

(a) Voltage drop calculations shall be limited to a 10% voltage drop; and 345

(b) Actual circuit lengths shall be utilized; and 347

(c) Battery calculations shall provide a minimum safety factor of 20%; and 349

(d) Batteries size shall be limited to 55 amp-hours. If calculations plus safety factor 351 require larger batteries, then multiple 55 amp-hour batteries will be provided, unless 352 otherwise approved by the NIST AHJ; and 353

(e) Battery shall be sized to provide a minimum of 36 hours of stand-by and 15 minutes 355 of alarm for Gaithersburg and 24 hours of stand-by and 15 minutes of alarm for 356 Boulder. 357

(6) Fire alarm systems shall be designed, fabricated, and installed by a qualified person8. 359

(7) All fire alarm systems shall be monitored unless otherwise permitted by the NIST AHJ 361

(8) Fire Alarm System Components/Devices. 363

(a) The NIST fire alarm system shall be: 365

i. Compatible with the Simplex brand on the Gaithersburg campus; or 367

ii. Compatible with the Notifier brand on the Boulder campus. 369

(b) The NIST fire alarm systems shall be independent and stand-alone systems that are 371 not dependent on security systems, energy monitoring and control systems, or any 372 other systems. 373

8 The term “qualified” is defined in the NFPA Glossary of Terms as “A competent and capable person or company that has met the requirements and training for a given field acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.” The term “qualified person” is defined in the NFPA Glossary of Terms as “A person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, professional standing, or skill, and who, by knowledge, training, and experience, has demonstrated the ability to perform the work.”

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 12

i. A fire alarm system may be combined with a building mass notification 375 system or with a combination building mass notification and public-address 376 system. 377

(c) The NIST fire alarm systems may be connected to security systems for monitoring 379 purposes only, but shall not rely on any components of the security system for 380 operation. 381

(d) The NIST fire alarm system shall not be utilized to perform functions unrelated to fire 383 and life safety, e.g. building automation and/or mechanical and electrical system 384 monitoring. 385

(e) Audio/Visual (AV) devices may be either wall or ceiling mounted devices, and shall 387 be selectable for 15/30/75/110 candela rating/s. 388

(f) Wireless interior fire alarm systems are not allowed at NIST-owned and operated 390 sites without written approval of NIST AHJ. 391

(g) Fire Alarm System Circuitry. 393

i. NIST fire alarm circuits shall be Class A on the Gaithersburg campus. Class 395 B circuitry is acceptable on the Boulder campus. 396

ii. No T-taps are allowed. 398

iii. Minimum wire gauge is 14. 400

iv. All fire alarm circuits shall be in conduit. 402

(i) Conduits filling shall conform to conduit fill requirements of NFPA 404

70, National Electrical Code. 405

(9) The NIST fire alarm system shall report the following fire events/occurrences as follows: 407

(a) Manual pull stations shall transmit a fire alarm signal to the NIST monitoring system. 409 The building notification devices shall be activated. 410

(b) Water flow switches (where present) shall transmit a fire alarm signal to the NIST 412 monitoring system. The building notification devices shall be activated. 413

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 13

(c) Heat, smoke, flame (IR), and beam detectors shall transmit a fire alarm signal to the 415 NIST monitoring system. The building notification devices shall be activated. 416

i. Exception: Detectors located in compartmented, fire-rated mechanical rooms 418 shall transmit a supervisory signal to the NIST monitoring system. 419

(d) Duct smoke detectors shall transmit a supervisory signal to the NIST monitoring 421 system. The respective air-handling unit (AHU) shall automatically shut down. 422

(e) Tamper switches shall transmit a supervisory signal to the NIST monitoring system. 424

(f) Local dedicated system control panels shall be monitored for alarm, supervisory, and 426 trouble signals, which shall be transmitted to the NIST monitoring system unless 427 deemed unnecessary by the NIST AHJ. 428

i. The NIST AHJ shall have final decision over how specific actions from local 430 control panels are transmitted to the NIST monitoring system. 431

d. Special Occupancies & Hazards 433

(1) Laboratories Using Chemicals 435

(a) All laboratory buildings, laboratory units, and laboratory work areas shall be 437 constructed and protected in accordance with NFPA 45, Fire Protection for 438 Laboratories Using Chemicals. 439

(2) Data/Server Rooms 441

(a) Electronic equipment rooms shall be constructed and protected in accordance with 443

IBC; NFPA 75, Protection of Information Technology Equipment; and NFPA 70, 444 National Electric Code. 445

i. These areas include, but are not limited to, automatic data processing areas 447

(data/server rooms), communication centers, and battery rooms. 448

ii. Incidental electronic equipment including, but not limited to, printers, desk 450 top computers, office automation systems, individual computer work stations, 451 telephones, video conference rooms, administration telephone rooms, and 452 reproduction equipment would not be required to comply with this section. 453

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(3) Battery Rooms 455

(a) Battery rooms shall be constructed and protected in accordance with NFPA 70, 457

National Electric Code. 458

(4) Anechoic Chambers 460

(a) FM Global Data Sheet 1-53, Anechoic Chambers, should be consulted for design 462 guidance. 463

(b) Anechoic chambers shall be protected by either a water based sprinkler system in 465 accordance with NFPA 13, or a clean agent system in accordance with NFPA 2001. 466

(c) Anechoic chambers construction shall use only noncombustible materials for 468 structure, wall, floor, and ceiling panels. 469

(d) Fire suppression systems shall be controlled by dedicated U.L. listed control valve 471 assembly. 472

(e) Anechoic chambers shall be equipped with dedicated high sensitivity smoke detection 474

(HSSD) system. 475

i. New anechoic chambers may be protected by expansion of an existing HSSD 477 system with prior approval from NIST AHJ. 478

(f) Power shall be shunted to the anechoic chambers, and all equipment within the 480 chamber, upon activation of fire suppression or detection system. 481

(5) Laser laboratories which are capable of producing beam ignition hazards and which 483 utilize materials or components presenting a fire hazard shall be constructed and 484 protected in accordance with NFPA 115, Standard for Laser Fire Protection. 485

(6) Clean rooms shall be constructed and protected in accordance with FM Global Data 487

Sheet 1-56, unless otherwise approved by the NIST AHJ, where applicable, NFPA 318, 488 Standard for the Protection of Semiconductor Facilities and IFC Chapter 27 489

(a) Clean rooms shall be protected by a complete fixed-based extinguishing system, 491 designed and installed in accordance with one of the nationally recognized standards 492 listed in Section 4. 493

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(b) Where airflow within the cleanroom is such that buoyant drive flows will be 495 disrupted, such as in the case of downward air flow or high flow velocities, an 496 evaluation must be performed to determine if standard ceiling mounted detection will 497 provide adequate protection or an alternative detection mechanism, e.g., very early 498 smoke detection apparatus (a.k.a. “VESDA”), shall be provided. 499

(7) Environmental chambers, such as temperature and humidity controlled enclosures used 501 for testing electronics, biological materials, or other industrial products, shall be protected 502 by a complete fixed-based extinguishing system, designed and installed in accordance 503 with one of the nationally recognized standards listed in Section 4. 504

(a) Where the chamber is composed of non-combustible materials9 and is not contained 506 within a building protected by sprinklers, fixed fire suppression may not be required. 507

i. Chambers shall be equipped with an approved detection system if a fixed fire 509 suppression system is not utilized to protect the chamber. 510

ii. Electrical shunting shall be coupled with fire detection. 512

(b) Fire suppression and detection systems should be designed and installed to withstand 514 the range of environmental conditions that may be present in the chamber. 515

(c) Combustible gas detection and carbon monoxide detection equipped with a local 517 alarm shall be provided in the chamber where heat is provided by a gas-powered 518 furnace. 519

(8) Gloveboxes shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection 521 for Laboratories Using Chemicals, AGS Guideline for Gloveboxes, and AGS Standard of 522 Practice for Glovebox Fire Protection. 523

(a) Where radioactive materials are utilized within gloveboxes, the requirements within 525

NFPA 801, Standard for Fire Protection of Facilities Handling Radioactive 526 Materials, shall also apply. 527

9 The NFPA glossary of terms defined a “noncombustible material” as “a material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated, will not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flammable vapors, when subjected to fire or heat. Materials that are reported as passing ASTM E 136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C, shall be considered noncombustible materials.”

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e. Statements of Work (SOW’s) 531

(1) All SOWs involving NIST activities subject to the requirements of this suborder (see 533

Section 3. APPLICABILITY), whether for external or internal work, shall specify 534 compliance with: 535

(a) NIST adopted codes, standards, amendments; 537

(b) Other NIST Fire and Life Safety suborder requirements; and 539

f. A/E Design and Construction Submittals 541

(1) A/E firms shall provide design submittal packages, as defined below, for 35%, 65%, and 543

95%. 544

(a) Requirements for the design submittal phases may be altered with approval from the 546 NIST AHJ for both design-bid-build and design-build projects. 547

(b) The NIST AHJ shall review design submittals within the period designated in the 549 contract. 550

(c) All open comments shall be addressed prior to 100%/Issue for Construction (IFC) Set 552 being issued to NIST AHJ office. The IFC set shall be submitted to the NIST AHJ 553 office prior to start of construction. 554

(2) 35% Basis of Design Narrative Submittal Package. 556

(a) Building Code Submittal Package (35%) 558

i. Project Summary; 560

ii. Applicable codes/standards with referenced editions; 562

iii. Occupancy classification; 564

iv. Building construction type; 566

v. Building height and allowable area calculations; 568

vi. Building separation distances if applicable; and 570

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vii. Occupancy separations. 571

(b) Fire Alarm Submittal Package (35%) 573

i. Preliminary design specifications from Division 28. 575

ii. One (1) preliminary half-size drawing set with the following at a minimum: 577

(i) General design & installation notes; 579

(ii) Fire alarm zones; and 581

(iii) Preliminary device layout. 583

(c) Fire Suppression Submittal Package (35%) 585

i. Preliminary design specifications from Division 21; and 587

ii. One (1) preliminary half-size drawing set with the following at a minimum: 589

(i) General design & installation notes; 591

(ii) Flow test data, not to be over 12 months old from the time of 593 submission; 594

(iii) Fire suppression zones; 596

(iv) Hazard classifications identified per NFPA 13, Standard for 598

Installation of Sprinkler Systems; and 599

(v) Preliminary hydraulic calculations to determine if a fire pump will 601 be required. 602

(d) Life Safety Submittal Package (35%) 604

i. One (1) half-size drawing set with the following at a minimum: 606

(i) Occupant load factors and calculated occupant loads; 608

(ii) Maximum travel distance(s); 610

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(iii) Common path(s) of travel; 611

(iv) Maximum dead-end travel; 613

(v) Exit remoteness measurements; 615

(vi) Required wall ratings; and 617

(vii) Exit capacity. 619

(3) 65% Design Submittal 621

(a) Building Code Submittal Package (65%) 623

i. All 35% comments addressed with revision clouds and notes referencing 625 appropriate comments; and 626

ii. Updated basis of design narrative. 628

(b) Fire Alarm Submittal Package (65%) 630

i. All 35% comments addressed with revision clouds and notes referencing 632 appropriate comments; 633

ii. Updated design specifications from Division 28; and 635

iii. One (1) updated half-size drawing set with the following at a minimum: 637

(i) General design & installation notes; 639

(ii) Fire alarm zones; 641

(iii) Updated device layout; 643

(iv) Sequence of operations; 645

(v) Riser diagram; and 647

(vi) Installation details. 649

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(c) Fire Suppression Submittal Package (65%) 651

i. All 35% comments addressed with revision clouds and notes referencing 653 appropriate comments; 654

ii. Updated design specifications from Division 21; and 656

iii. One (1) updated half-size drawing set with the following at a minimum: 658

(i) General design and installation notes; 660

(ii) Flow test data, not to be over 12 months old from the time of 662 submission; 663

(iii) Fire suppression zones; 665

(iv) Fire suppression main sizes and locations; 667

(v) Fire suppression riser sizes and locations; 669

(vi) Fire suppression valve details; 671

(vii) Fire department connection locations and details; 673

(viii) Post indicator valve locations and details; 675

(ix) Fire suppression incoming size and location; 677

(x) Hazard classifications identified per NFPA 13, Standard for 679

Installation of Sprinkler Systems; 680

(xi) Detailed hydraulic calculations done with NIST AHJ approved 682 software; and 683

(xii) Manufacturer Product Data Sheets (design-build only). 685

(d) Life Safety Submittal Package (65%) 687

i. All 35% comments addressed with revision clouds and notes referencing 689 appropriate comments. 690

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 20

ii. One (1) updated half-size drawing set with the following at a minimum: 691

(i) Occupant load factors and calculated occupant loads; 693

(ii) Maximum travel distance(s); 695

(iii) Common path(s) of travel; 697

(iv) Maximum dead-end travel; 699

(v) Exit remoteness measurements; 701

(vi) Required wall ratings; and 703

(vii) Exit capacity. 705

(4) 95% Design Submittal 707

(a) Building Code Submittal Package (95%) 709

i. All 65% comments addressed with revision clouds and notes referencing 711 appropriate comments; 712

ii. Final basis of design narrative; and 714

iii. Manufacturer Product Data for Penetrations and Underwriters Laboratory 716

(a.k.a. “UL”) Listed Assemblies (Design-Build only). 717

(b) Fire Alarm Submittal Package (95%) 719

i. All 65% comments addressed with revision clouds and notes referencing 721 appropriate comments; 722

ii. Final design specifications from Division 28; and 724

iii. One (1) final half-size drawing set with the following at a minimum: 726

(i) General design and installation notes; 728

(ii) Fire alarm zones; 730

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 21

(iii) Updated device layout; 731

(iv) Sequence of operations; 733

(v) Riser diagrams; 735

(vi) Installation details; 737

(vii) Battery and voltage calculations (design-build only); and 739

(viii) Manufacturer Product Data Sheets (design-build only). 741

(c) Fire Suppression Submittal Package (95%) 743

i. All 65% comments addressed with revision clouds and notes referencing 745 appropriate comments; 746

ii. Final design specifications from Division 21; and 748

iii. One (1) final half-size drawing set with the following at a minimum: 750

(i) General design and installation notes; 752

(ii) Flow test data, not to be over 12 months old from the time of 754 submission; 755

(iii) Fire suppression zones; 757

(iv) Fire suppression main sizes and locations; 759

(v) Fire suppression riser sizes and locations; 761

(vi) Fire suppression valve details; 763

(vii) Fire department connection locations and details; 765

(viii) Post indicator valve locations and details; 767

(ix) Fire suppression incoming size and location; 769

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 22

(x) Hazard classifications identified per NFPA 13, Standard for 771 Installation of Sprinkler Systems; 772

(xi) Updated detailed hydraulic calculations done with NIST AHJ 774 approved software; and 775

(xii) Updated manufacturer Product Data Sheets (design-build only). 777

(d) Life Safety Submittal Package (95%) 779

i. All 65% comments addressed with revision clouds and notes referencing 781 appropriate comments; 782

ii. Final building code summary; and 784

iii. One (1) final half-size drawing set with the following at a minimum: 786

(i) Occupant loads and occupant load factors; 788

(ii) Maximum travel distance(s); 790

(iii) Common path(s) of travel; 792

(iv) Maximum dead-end travel; 794

(v) Exit remoteness measurements; 796

(vi) Required wall ratings; and 798

(vii) Exit capacity. 800

(5) 100%/IFC Set 802

(a) Building Code Submittal Package (100%) 804

i. All previous comments addressed and closed out; and 806

ii. All revision clouds and notes referencing appropriate comments deleted. 808

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 23

(b) Fire Alarm Submittal Package (100%/IFC Set) 811

i. All previous comments addressed and closed out; 813

ii. All revision clouds and notes referencing appropriate comments deleted; 815

iii. Final design specifications from Division 28; and 817

iv. One (1) final half-size drawing set. 819

(c) Fire Suppression Submittal Package (100%/IFC Set) 821

i. All previous comments addressed and closed out; 823

ii. All revision clouds and notes referencing appropriate comments deleted; 825

iii. Final design specifications from Division 21; and 827

iv. One (1) final half-size drawing set. 829

(d) Life Safety Submittal Package (100%/IFC Set) 831

i. All previous comments addressed and closed out; and 833

ii. All revision clouds and notes referencing appropriate comments deleted. 835

(6) Construction Submittals 837

(a) Fire Alarm 839

i. Submittals shall be in accordance with approved Division 28 specifications. 841

(b) Fire Suppression 843

i. Submittals shall be in accordance with approved Division 21 specifications. 845

g. OFPM Work Order Submittals 847

(1) OFPM shall submit work orders to the NIST AHJ for review in accordance with Section 849

3 (Applicability) of this suborder. 850

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 24

(a) It is the obligation of the organization performing the work to ensure compliance with 852 the requirements of this suborder and to ensure that a NIST Work Permit is obtained 853 when required. If there is any uncertainty regarding the requirements for a permit, the 854 organization performing the work shall consult with the NIST AHJ. 855

(2) All work orders shall contain the following information: 857

(a) Building and room number; 859

(b) OU Point of Contact 861

(c) Description of work; 863

(d) Work area plans and/or sketch; and 865

(e) OFPM contact name and contact information. 867

h. OU-Managed Projects 869

(1) All contracts that involve work in accordance with Section 3 (Applicability) of this 871 suborder shall by reviewed by the NIST AHJ. 872

(a) It is the obligation of the organization performing the work to ensure compliance with 874 the requirements of this suborder and to ensure that a NIST Work Permit is obtained 875 when required. If there is any uncertainty regarding the requirements for a permit, the 876 organization performing the work shall consult with the NIST AHJ. (b) All 877 submittals from contractors shall follow the applicable requirements set forth in 878 Section 6e and 6f. 879

(2) All projects executed in-house, e.g. design and construction work performed by NIST 881 staff, that involve work in accordance with Section 3 (Applicability) of this suborder shall 882 be reviewed by the NIST AHJ. 883

(a) It is the obligation of the organization performing the work to ensure compliance with 885 the requirements of this suborder and to ensure that a NIST Work Permit is obtained 886 when required. If there is any uncertainty regarding the requirements for a permit, the 887 organization performing the work shall consult with the NIST AHJ. 888

(b) All submittals for projects executed in-house shall contain the following information: 890

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 25

i. Building and room number; 892

ii. Statement of work per Section 6b; 894

iii. Work area plans and/or sketch, which when required by the NIST AHJ, shall 896 be reviewed and approved by a licensed professional engineer or other 897 qualified person; 898

iv. Information on the individual(s) performing the specific work required: 900

(i) Name; 902

(ii) Training required to perform that work; and 904 (iii)When required by the NIST AHJ, certifications indicating that the 906 individuals are competent to perform the work. 907

v. OU contact name and contact information. 909

i. NIST Work Permit 911

(1) Work involving New construction and additions or alterations to existing buildings shall 913 not commence until a NIST Work Permit, when required, has been issued by the NIST 914

AHJ 915

(2) The NIST AHJ shall issue a NIST Work Permit subsequent to: 917

(a) Signing the 100% drawings and documents related to A/E firm design submittals; and 919

i. The issuance of a NIST Work Permit prior to 100% drawing acceptance may 921 be approved by the NIST AHJ for design-build projects. 922

(b) Approving the OFPM work order submittal; or 924

(c) Approving the OU-managed project submittal. 926

(3) The NIST Work Permit shall contain the following information (see Appendix B): 928

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 26

(a) Location where the work will be performed (e.g., specific location on campus or 930 building and room number); 931

(b) Description of work; 933

(c) Work permit expiration date;10 935

(d) Signature of the NIST AHJ; and 937

(e) Name and contact information for the Contracting Officer’s Representative and for 939 the OFPM, or OU contact, whichever is applicable. 940

(3) Audits 942

(a) The NIST AHJ shall perform, at minimum, an annual audit of all NIST 260 forms 944 submitted to OFPM to ensure compliance with the requirements of this suborder. 945

(b) Failure to obtain a work permit, when required, may result in a Stop Work Order (see 947

NIST S 7101.03), revocation of a Use and Occupancy Certificate (see below), or 948 delay in issuance of a Use and Occupancy Certificate. 949

j. Construction Phase 951

(1) All NIST Work Permits shall be prominently posted on the job site for the duration of 953 work being performed. 954

(2) All requests for information (a.k.a. “RFIs”) involving work in accordance with Sections 956

3a-e (Applicability) of this suborder shall be submitted to the NIST AHJ in hard-copy or 957 electronic format. 958

(3) Inspections of fire and life safety construction activities shall be performed or witnessed 960 by the NIST AHJ prior to close-ins. 961

(a) The NIST AHJ shall be notified at least two (2) weeks prior to the requested 963 inspection date. 964

(b) Shorter notification periods are acceptable for projects lasting less than 30 days. 966

10 The expiration date for the work permit shall be coordinated with the project manager.

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 27

(c) A third party qualified company may perform inspections of fire and life safety 968 construction activities with prior approval by the NIST AHJ. 969

(4) Acceptance Testing 971

(a) Shall be in accordance with NFPA 3, Recommended Practice for Commissioning of 973

Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems. 974

(b) Shall be in accordance with NFPA 4, Standard for Integrated Fire Protection and 976 Life Safety System Testing. 977

(c) All fire alarm and fire suppression systems shall be acceptance tested per NFPA 72, 979 National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, and NFPA 13, Standard for Installation of 980 Sprinkler Systems, respectively. 981

(d) Pre-testing documentation shall be provided to the NIST AHJ at least one (1) week 983 prior to scheduling final acceptance testing. 984

i. Shorter notification periods are acceptable for projects lasting less than 30 986 days. 987

(e) The NIST AHJ shall be notified at least two (2) weeks prior to the requested final 989 acceptance testing date. 990

i. Shorter notification periods are acceptable for projects lasting less than 30 992 days. 993

(f) Where feasible, acceptance testing shall be conducted during normal business hours 995

(8:00 am to 5:00 pm), Monday through Friday. 996

k. Use and Occupancy (U&O) Certificates 998

(1) U&O certificates shall be issued by the NIST AHJ prior to occupancy of any newly 1000 constructed building, occupancy of an addition of an existing building, or change in 1001 occupancy of an altered space in an existing building. 1002

(a) U&O certificates shall be maintained in the possession of the OU responsible for the 1004 space. 1005

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 28

(2) The NIST AHJ shall issue U&O certificates subsequent to being provided with the 1007 following: 1008

(a) Final inspection report(s) for fire and life safety systems and/or components as 1010 conducted by NIST AHJ or approved third party company; and 1011

(b) Acceptance testing(s) documents in accordance with NFPA 3, 13, and 72. 1013

(3) The U&O certificate shall indicate the following, where applicable (see Appendix C): 1015

(a) Certificate number; 1017

(b) Date of issue; 1019

(c) Use & occupancy classification; 1021

i. Laboratory classification, as defined in NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection 1023 for Laboratories Using Chemicals; and 1024

(d) Building and room number(s). 1026

(4) Temporary U&O certificate shall indicate the following, where applicable (see Appendix 1028

D): 1029

(a) Date of issue; 1031

(b) Use & occupancy classification; 1033

(c) Deficiencies requiring correction prior to final U&O issuance. 1035

(d) Building and room number(s); and 1037

(e) Date of expiration. 1039

(5) Existing spaces not undergoing alterations shall be grandfathered from the requirement 1041 for a U&O certificate until such time that the space is inspected by the NIST AHJ. 1042

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 29

7. DEFINITIONS 1047

a. Acceptable – Considered by the NIST AHJ as adequate for satisfying the goals, performance 1048 objectives, and/or performance criteria. 1049

b. Acting Authority Having Jurisdiction – A qualified11 FPE in the Office of Safety, Health, and 1051 Environment (OSHE) designated by the CSO to be temporarily assigned all authorities, 1052 duties, and obligations of the NIST AHJ during the NIST AHJ’s absence or in the event of 1053 position vacancy. 1054

c. Addition – An extension or increase in floor area, number of stories, or height of a building 1056 or structure. 1057

d. Alteration – Any construction or renovation to an existing structure other than repair or 1059 addition. This would also include a change of occupancy. 1060

e. Anechoic Chamber – Any space designed and constructed to absorb sound or 1062 electromagnetic wave reflections. 1063

f. Appeal – A process by which a Division Chief or equivalent, or a higher-level manager, 1065 requests that the NIST CSO review a denial or rejection of an RFV by the NIST AHJ. 1066

g. Authority Having Jurisdiction – A qualified FPE12 in OSHE designated by the NIST CSO to 1068 enforce13 the NIST-adopted codes and standards relevant to fire, electrical, and life safety on 1069 NIST-owned and operated sites. 1070

h. Change of Occupancy – A change in the purpose or level of activity within a building that 1072 involves a change in application of the requirements of this suborder, e.g., modifying a 1073 laboratory space to an office space. 1074

i. Compliance – Meeting or exceeding all applicable requirements of the NIST adopted code(s) 1076 and standard(s). 1077

j. Delegated Authority Having Jurisdiction – A qualified engineer in OSHE designated by the 1079 NIST AHJ to enforce the NIST-adopted codes and standards that fall within their relevant 1080 discipline(s). 1081

11 See requirements for Office of Personnel Management Fire Protection Engineering Series 0804.

12 See requirements for Office of Personnel Management Fire Protection Engineering Series 0804.

13 Nature of enforcement is dependent upon the severity of the violation, e.g. stop work order, revocation of work permit, denial of use and occupancy, etc.

https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/classification-qualifications/general-schedule-qualification-standards/0800/fire-protection-engineering-series-0804/ https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/classification-qualifications/general-schedule-qualification-standards/0800/fire-protection-engineering-series-0804/

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 30

k. Equivalency – A proposed alternative means of providing an equal or greater degree of 1083 safety than that afforded by strict conformance to prescribed codes and standards. 1084

l. Existing Building – A building erected prior to the adoption of the appropriate code, or one 1086 for which a NIST Work Permit has been issued. 1087

m. NIST Work Permit – A document issued by the NIST AHJ which indicates approval to begin 1089 work in a building or tenant space where alterations to fire, or life safety components will be 1090 performed/managed by OFPM, OU, or a contractor. 1091

n. Performance-Based Approach – An approach that relies upon measurable (or calculable) 1093 outcomes to be met but provides more flexibility as to the means of meeting those outcomes. 1094

o. Repair – The reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing building for the purpose of 1096 its maintenance or to correct damage. 1097

p. Shall/Should/May – 1099

• Shall (Must or Will): Indicates that the performance of an item is mandatory. 1100

• Should: Indicates that the performance of an item is not mandatory, but the full 1101 implications of not performing that item must be understood and either justified or 1102 carefully weighed before choosing a different course. 1103

• May: Indicates that the performance of an item is at the discretion of the individual 1104 responsible for the action. 1105

q. Use and Occupancy Certificate – A document issued by the NIST AHJ certifying that the 1107 building or space is compliant with the NIST adopted codes and standards. 1108

r. Variance – An equivalency or an exception (i.e. modification) from the code and/or suborder 1110 requirement(s). 1111

8. ACRONYMS 1114

a. A&E – Architectural/Engineering 1115

b. AGS – American Glovebox Society 1117

c. AHJ – Authority Having Jurisdiction 1119

d. ANSI – American National Standards Institute 1121

NIST S 7401.01 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 31

e. CFR – Code of Federal Regulations 1123

f. CSO – Chief Safety Officer 1125

g. FM – Factory Mutual 1127

h. FPE – Fire Protection Engineer 1129

i. GPL – General Purpose Lab 1131

j. IBC – International Building Code 1133

k. ICC – International Code Council 1135

l. IEBC – International Existing Building Code 1137

m. IFC – International Fire Code 1139

n. IMC – International Mechanical Code 1141

o. NCEES – National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveys 1143

p. NFPA – National Fire Protection Association 1145

q. NICET – National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies 1147

r. OFPM – Office of Facility and Property Management 1149

s. OSHA – Occupational…