Atch_1_SOW.pdf

140P5424Q0017 Attachment 1

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STATEMENT of WORK Cumberland Island National Seashore

Camden County, Georgia Historic Resource Study

High Point Property

Contractor shall provide all labor, supervision, material, tools, equipment, supplies, transportation and incidentals necessary to prepare a Historic Resource Study (HRS) and Archeological Survey for the High Point property (High Point) located in the Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS, the Park) in Camden County, Georgia. 38.46 acres of NPS lands within Tract 1-104 proposed to be transferred out of NPS ownership at Cumberland Island National Seashore, in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (54 U.S.C. 306108). The transfer, lease, or sale of federal lands is considered a federal undertaking. 36 C.F.R. 800.4 requires federal agencies to a make reasonable and good faith effort to identify historic properties. 36 C.F.R. 800.5 states that if the transfer, lease, or sale is conducted without adequate restrictions or conditions to ensure long-term identification of the property's historic significance, then the action of the transfer, lease, or sale is considered an adverse effect. Once/if historic properties have been identified, preservation conditions should be made to ensure their protection. The 38.46-acre High Point property is a discrete complex of 16-20 buildings, structures, and objects, some of which are contributing elements to the High Point - Half Moon Bluff Tract Historic District within which it is nested.

The HRS will comprehensively survey and assess all buildings, structures, and objects within the High Point property and identify historic properties using the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) criteria.

The archeological survey will be conducted by SOI-Qualified archeologists and will inventory survey of 38.46 acres of NPS lands through geophysical and sub-surface testing techniques.

The contractor shall provide all materials, supplies, labor, supervision, coordination, and management necessary to complete the work as and when required, as specified in this scope of services.

Confidentiality The information developed under this task order is the property of the U.S. government and shall be kept in strict confidence.

Purpose The purpose of the HRS is to provide baseline documentation on the historic buildings and built features within the High Point complex, a discrete cluster of related resources within a larger historic district. This HRS will identify and evaluate the NRHP eligibility of all aboveground buildings, structures, objects, or sites within High Point, assess the significance and integrity of each element individually and relative to the High Point - Half Moon Bluff Tract Historic District, and clearly define the characteristics that convey the significance of the property with the historic context.

All buildings, structures, and objects will be inventoried and recorded to a baseline standard using the categories of the NPS Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS) and the Georgia Historic Resource Survey. The NPS defines historic properties as properties that are listed or are eligible for listing in the NRHP, including buildings, structures, objects, and sites, individually and as elements of a historic district. For this HRS (and in alignment with GA SHPO Historic Resource Survey), an asset or resource is defined as any building, structure, object, or cultural landscape that is 40 years of age or older at the time of publication. The HRS will synthesize all readily available cultural resource information on High Point and its resources, including past inventories and assessments, in an accessible narrative.

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The HRS will also determine whether the High Point and Half Moon Bluff retain their historical associations, offer recommendations for any modification of the historic property boundary of the larger district if appropriate, and propose historic property boundaries for any individual NRHP-eligible elements. The HRS should account for the full development history of the High Point complex to the present, explain the changes to the physical and cultural environment, and account for the loss of and changes to material features through time as well as the addition of modern intrusions, to accurately assess historic integrity at the scale of individual resources, the High Point property as whole, and in relation to the larger historic district.

This HRS is concerned only with the High Point area that is located within 38.46 +/- acre NPS Tract 01- 104 (Camden County Parcel No. 185001)

Project Background The National Park Service (NPS) Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS, the Park), located in Camden County, Georgia, is exploring a series of potential land exchanges that may involve the High Point Property (High Point), an NPS fee-simple property that allows for private ownership of buildings as provisioned by a Reserved Life Estate agreement. The potential land exchange would return the High Point property to private ownership, subject to a conservation easement that would continuously provide for new construction while outlining restrictions intended to protect the historic and natural environment in perpetuity.

The High Point property is a historic property and a contributing element to the 700-acre High Point - Half Moon Bluff Tract Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Within the boundaries of the district, there are two complexes of buildings--Half Moon Bluff and High Point—as well as three archeological sites and an archeological zone. The first complex, Half Moon Bluff, is a small village of simple wood-frame buildings. Half Moon Bluff was settled by former slaves from plantations on Cumberland Island. As the land was divided over the years, African Americans continued to purchase parcels and the village that was laid out in 1890. Constructed in 1937, the First African Baptist Church of Cumberland Island is significant as a center of religious and educational life for the community. The second complex and the subject of the HRS, High Point, was originally developed as a hotel and resort complex in 1880. Located in the district are a historic hotel and accompanying outbuildings.

At the time of the listing in the NRHP, there were fourteen structures plus ruins of several old buildings in the High Point Grouping. The hotel and the surviving cottages were examples of the vernacular architecture of the coastal area: wood frame buildings with vertical siding built on piers with gable roofs and interior chimneys. Historically the hotel complex consisted of the main building, a row of two-room cottages, several eight-room cottages, and two long two-story buildings containing at least 24 rooms each; at the time of the listing, only eleven standings structures remained among the building sites and some ruins. The NPS acquired the High Point property in 1982, and from 1982 to 1986, the former landowners were permitted to modify existing buildings; after that time, one building, a contributing element to the historic district, was demolished and rebuilt as a modern house.

According to Camden County property records, the 38.46 +/- acre High Point property occupies a single NPS Tract 01-104 (Camden County Parcel No. 185001) located at 19 High Point Road in the northern portion of Cumberland Island. It currently includes five freestanding residential structures, three of which are historic (built in 1878, 1900, and 1941) and two of which are modern (built 2008), as well as boat docks and a carport dating from the 1950s, as well as built elements of more recent vintage.

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Camden County tax records also show four 1.0-acre residential inholdings (Camden County Parcel Nos.

185001 A-D) within the parcel, including both historic-era (1880, 1950) and non-historic (1983,1986) buildings. All would be subjects of the HRS.

Statement of Work The updated HRS and archeological survey would include the results of background research and field investigations for the inventory and assessment of all cultural resources within the High Point Tract. Full inventory would include all resources that are either previously identified historic properties, potential historic properties that may have sufficient significance and integrity for NRHP eligibility, or resources that lack significance or integrity for NRHP eligibility. Inventory of any existing or potential historic property would include the confirmation or redefinition of a proposed historic property boundary.

The research will meet NPS standards for a thorough investigation, meaning that research will be done in selected published and documentary sources of known or presumed relevance that are readily accessible without extensive travel and that promise expeditious extraction of relevant data.

The HRS and archeological survey will serve as documentation for consultation with the GA SHPO in achieving a consensus determination of eligibility for all properties in High Point by categorizing each as NRHP listed or eligible (individually or as a contributing element to the larger historic district) or not eligible for the NRHP. All built/landscape resources need a definitive NRHP evaluation.

Tasks

1. Literature Review: The contractor will identify and map the locations of all previously recorded Park assets and resources in High Point. To accomplish this, the contractors should review all NRHP documentation and examine NPS cultural resource data, as well as the records of the GA SHPO, through a file search at GA SHPO and at the Park. Inventories should include the NPS CRIS (composed of the former NPS Archeological Site Management Information System, the old List of Classified Structures, and Cultural Landscape Inventory), Georgia’s Natural, Archaeological and Historic Resources Geographic Information System GNAHRGIS), the NRHP, and available county surveys and cultural resource reports covering the Park.

The contractor should examine the documentation, including any statement of significance, that supported the determination or listing of each historic property, visit each resource in the field to confirm its condition and assess integrity, and define the relationship between historic properties, historic districts, and any other contributing resources. The dataset of previously recorded resources provides an overview of the known types, locations, and ages of architectural resources within the Park The Literature Review must include a concise table and accompanying map graphically presenting the results clearly and understandably.

2. Historic Contexts: A well-defined historic context is critical to the accurate evaluation of significance under the National Register criteria; the evaluation of significance is critical to assessing effects on historic properties. For this study, the extent and quality of previous work make the development of an entirely new set of historic contexts redundant. The HRS should include an analysis of the development of High Point and its relationship to the settlement at Half Moon Bluff, and account for the changes to High Point over time to the present. This study should integrate data from the architectural, archeological, historical, and cultural landscape studies that have been developed as

Page 4 of 17 Pages well as account for the identification and evaluation efforts that have resulted from ongoing work under the NHPA.

3. Field Survey: The approach to the field survey includes a systematic survey and mapping of all buildings, structures, and objects 40 years of age or older in High Point to affirm their NRHP status and condition of existing historic properties and identify those with and without NRHP potential, followed by more intensive documentation and evaluation (detailed study) of those newly recorded potentially eligible resources identified in consultation with the NPS. The comprehensive survey would involve the recording of each property 40 years of age or older to a baseline level of documentation on a tabular version of the CRIS and the GA SHPO data fields to collect and conduct an analysis of field data. Once the contractor has collected a baseline set of data detailing the location, age, architectural, and historical features of the resources, the contractor would then supplement the field survey data with a close examination of Park records and NPS databases including, the electronic Technical Information Center (ETIC2), Integrated Resource Management Applications portal (IRMA), Tract files, tax records, historic aerial photographs, and cartographic sources.

4. Survey Results: A summary and analysis of the field data detailing the overall architectural and cultural character of the High Point complex should be included in the body of the report.

Photographs of every resource that is 40 years of age or older, keyed to the results table, should be included in the report or appendices. Documentation tables completed in the field will be reviewed for accuracy, completeness, style, and compatibility with the CRIS and GA SHPO data fields and updated for any previously recorded properties that have experienced significant changes in resource condition. Information regarding the date and result of any previous resource condition assessment should be included in the results table, as would all previous assessments of NRHP eligibility.

5. Detailed Recordation: The existing historic resources found to retain integrity and any newly recorded resources recommended as eligible must be documented in the HRS in a resource-specific summary that contains detailed historical and descriptive information, a location map, a site plan, photographs, and an NRHP eligibility assessment.

All assessments of historic properties that are recommended as eligible for the NRHP should include a statement of significance, including the historic context under which it has been evaluated, a period of significance, any significant dates, such as the date of construction and/or settlement, or the date of demolition and/or abandonment, and a condition statement discussing the relevant aspects of integrity. Any resource assessment that recommends a determination of not eligible for the NRHP should include a justification based on NRHP criteria.

Additional research should include additional background research, the examination of census records and tax data, placing each property within a historic context(s), and informant interviews as appropriate. The additional research should support final recommendations of individual eligibility or eligibility as a contributing element to the larger history and the delineation of historic property boundaries.

In addition to evaluating individual properties, the contractor will follow the NPS guidance outlined in, but not limited to, How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation (National Register Bulletin 15) and National Park Service Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Rural Historic

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Landscapes (National Register Bulletin 30) to help in the assessment of the integrity of the High Point complex as it relates to the existing historic district.

6. Conclusions: The HRS will conclude with a summary of the survey and assessment, identification and definition of existing historic properties, identification of properties assessed and recommended as eligible for the NRHP individually or as contributing elements to the historic district, and identification of properties recommended as not eligible for the NRHP. Finally, the HRS will produce maps coded to show the location and NRHP status of all resources and all historic property boundaries (relative to the larger historic district) accompanied by a table that accounts for and resolves all previous inventories and assessments and provides condition assessments in a format suitable for use in both NPS inventories (including CRIS and the GA SHPO inventories, and provide analogous geospatial data developed to the NPS standards. The completed CRIS/state inventory and assessment forms will be appended to the document.

Deliverable Products The contractor will present the results of the research, field survey, analysis, and NRHP assessment in a detailed final HRS report. Information will be presented in a manner to facilitate the completion of required Section 106 and Section 110 documentation. The report will include appropriate maps, tables, and photographs to support the text and the author’s recommendations.

Additionally, the contractor will submit Georgia Historic Resource Survey Forms completed to the standard of the GA SHPO with data on each property documented, digital photographs of each property documented, GIS data for each property, and summary documentation (consistent with the state inventory standards and the CRIS) for all properties determined eligible for listing in the NRHP either individually or as contributing elements. The forms will be submitted in both hard copy and digital format that can be edited.

The contractor will create the GIS datasets (as well as any additional novel datasets or graphics) to assist in data analysis and to present the survey findings to NPS and the Park, including GIS data coverage defining the High Point property mosaic within its boundary; GPS data locating by a single point (southwest corner preferred) and property boundary each property recorded during the survey, as appropriate, for all known and recommended historic properties; and GIS layers shapefiles.

In addition to the professionally produced HRS, maps, and geospatial data, other deliverables include a well-organized copy of all research notes, photos, and electronic documents, except copies of photographs or documents for which another institution has either the copyright or, has placed restrictions on its distribution. The study will include a comprehensive list of references and a list of information repositories. Appendices, including relevant existing documentation, tables, maps, and sources should be included as noted above.

The final version of the HRS will be a print-ready 508-compliant Adobe Acrobat formatted PDF file final draft, including all photographs, maps, etc. This shall become the intellectual property of the NPS.

Report Format Frontmatter will include a concise executive summary that summarizes the HRS in a clear and accessible manner that is useful to Park planners, resource managers, and facilities staff, as well as the expected table of contents, list of illustrations, list of tables, acknowledgments, and list of abbreviations and/or acronyms that must include nonstandard abbreviations and acronyms used in the report. The spelled-

Page 6 of 17 Pages out version of a term should be given the first time the term appears within the study but may be replaced by an acronym thereafter.

The main body of the HRS must include a brief introduction and must include general background information on the geographic location, history, and significance of the resources. The HRS will include a research design, the results of the literature review and synthesis of previous designations and assessments in both narrative and tabular form, the historic contact, the results of the field survey, assessment of properties advanced to detailed study, identification, and confirmation of historic properties, as well as a clear conclusion with a closing statement that provides further comment, if appropriate, on the interpretation of the information found in the study.

The references must list the primary and secondary source materials researched and used for the preparation of the study broken into sections by kinds of materials (i.e., primary, and secondary sources, etc.) as directed in The Chicago Manual of Style. Back matter includes appendices, including tables, assessment or inventory forms, copies of key documents, and geospatial data.

The researchers will deliver the final version of the HRS the NPS as a print-ready 508 compliant Adobe Acrobat formatted PDF file and as other electronic files (e.g., Microsoft Word). The general formatting of the document will be in portrait orientation with a single column of text to ease readability in electronic form, laid out with mirror margins: 1.25 inches inside; .75 inches top, bottom, and outside; and headers and footers should be 0.5 inches from the edge of the paper. The text should be left-justified, ragged right in block paragraphs with no indent, and set in single-spaced lines with paragraphs double-spaced.

All illustrations used in the final document will be credited. If any of the illustrations carry restrictions (such as one-time-use limitations), the researchers will provide this information to the NPS. The electronic file(s) supplied to NPS will be adequate for transmission to a printer or for incorporation into a final file or files to be prepared by NPS for transmission to a printer to be selected by the NPS.

All photographs and other illustrations will be fully referenced to their source, including a catalog or accession number, drawing number, etc., if applicable. Appropriate permissions will be obtained for the use of all illustrations. This is especially important for any publication that may ever be used as a sales item in any form.

All digital images used in the document shall be individually scanned relative to the final image size in the report at a minimum of 300dpi, JPEG or TIF format, medium-high to high resolution. The resolution of original files should not be increased to meet this requirement. Image files should be saved through FTP transfer in a folder entitled “IMAGES.” Image files should be named as follows: Subject, Figure #, Brief Description, Year taken.

Site maps shall be completed using ArcGIS (version information and all other GIS/GPS requirements are attached). A jpg version of the site maps will also be provided with a print size that will fit on either 8 ½ inch x 11-inch or 11-inch x 17-inch sheets. The contractor shall provide NPS with the final map document (.mxd) as well as digital copies of the geodatabases, shapefiles, CADD data, coverages, aerial photographs, DOQQs, and any other data used to produce the maps. Metadata should accompany all GIS files created by the contractor.

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Additional formatting guidance includes:

• Leading (space between lines of type in a paragraph) should be chosen for readability. In general, at least two extra points of leading (e.g., 12/14) are advised.

• All headings should be caps/lowercase; all upper-case headings are never to be used.

• The use of bold, underline, and italic type within the text should be limited.

• The traditional American form of dates will be used: August 18, 1978.

• In the text, the treatment of numbers will be consistent with the Chicago Manual of Style.

• All numbers used with units of measurement will be numerals (e.g., windows measure 2 feet by 4 feet).

• Footnotes or notes at the end of each chapter may be used. Endnotes for the whole document will not be used.

• The most current edition of the Chicago Manual of Style should guide questions of style that are not addressed here. Most publications use the humanities-style notation (see Chapter 15). If the manual offers options or does not address an issue, consistent treatment within the document should be the rule.

• The latest edition of Webster’s Dictionary should be used for spelling.

• Acronyms should be introduced in parentheses after the full name at the first appearance of the full name. Acronyms may then be used for subsequent references.

Stipulations

1. The contractor and key team members will meet the requirements specified in 36 CFR Appendix A, Professional Qualification Standards, and the intent of Section 112 (a)(1)(of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as Amended through1992.

(http://www.cr.nps.gov/local-law/arch_stnds_9.htm )

2. The contractor shall coordinate with the COR as necessary to complete the work as and when required and determine the appropriate point of contact. This coordination must include participating in consultant-led regular monthly conference calls and product review meetings.

3. All work shall be technically and legally defensible.

4. Contractor shall use Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition or later.

5. The HRS should be written in Plain Language to the degree possible and make use of the Harper’s Ferry Center Editorial Style Guide to inform the use of language (https://www.nps.gov/subjects/hfc/hfc-editorial-style-guide.htm)

6. Research will meet NPS standards for a thorough investigation, i.e., research will be done in readily available primary and secondary source material and performed on-site archival investigations as necessary in sources of known or presumed relevance. This study will require archival and primary source research at repositories.

7. All documentation (field and research notes, photographs and negatives, sketches, finished original drawings, narratives, computerized inventories, forms, assessments, GIS Shapefiles, and reports) produced by the contractor in connection with this project are to become the property of NPS (public domain). All documentation shall be delivered to the NPS upon completion of contract services. The completed documentation may be used and reproduced in any fashion that the NPS chooses, with appropriate credit given to the researcher. A researcher may publish articles based on the research covered under these contracts if appropriate credit is given to the NPS.

http://www.cr.nps.gov/local-law/arch_stnds_9.htm https://www.nps.gov/subjects/hfc/hfc-editorial-style-guide.htm

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8. The contractor's quality control efforts shall ensure that all draft and final deliverables are completed documents, as specified, that have been reviewed for academic excellence, professional and copy quality, and technical accuracy. Documents not displaying such efforts will not be accepted.

Fee and Payment Progress payments to the contractor shall be made based on proper and acceptable invoices submitted consistent with the quality requirements described in Stipulation 6 above, according to the following schedule:

DELIVERY ITEM DATE

Contract Award Orientation and Planning Call Within 15 Days of the Award Project Kick-Off Meeting and Site Visit Within 30 Days of the Award Submit 75% Draft HRS Within 75 Days of the Site Visit NPS Review (15 days) 15 Days Submit Revised 99% HRS Within 30 Days of the NPS Review NPS Review and Backcheck (10 Days) 10 Days Submit Final Report, Forms, and all report/research-related documentation to NPS Within 20 Days of the NPS Final Review

Period of Performance 6 Months

NPS GIS Standards and Guidance

GIS data must follow the National Park Service Cultural Resource Spatial Data Transfer Standards found at: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/639911

At the contractor’s option, an empty GIS template that contains all the various feature classes, feature-level metadata fields, and domains associated with the cultural resource spatial data transfer standards can be downloaded here:

https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2206880

Please note that this template was not designed for GPS data collection. GPS data should be used to guide the creation of GIS data in this template.

Further information regarding spatial data for cultural resources can be found at:

https://www.nps.gov/crgis/

GPS Equipment and Field Recordation:

GPS Equipment. GPS/GNSS units must be of acceptable precision rating, produce data that can be differentially corrected (whether real-time or not), and be capable of exporting data into a format compatible with ESRI ArcGIS software.

The Contractor shall use their computers and software capable of producing data and metadata compatible with ESRI ArcGIS. Though older NPS standards call for the use of Trimble equipment and software, it is understood that a variety of GPS equipment and software, both from Trimble and other manufacturers, will be suitable for producing the required data deliverables.

https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/639911 https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2206880 https://www.nps.gov/crgis/

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GPS Equipment Precision Rating. GPS equipment must be capable of submeter accuracy when used with adequate position averaging and differential correction.

Field Recordation. The contractor shall plan to record all features identified through the project, both those that are potentially contributing (historic) and those that are non-contributing (non-historic).

Typically, buildings, structures, and objects larger than 3 meters across should be recorded by GPS with at least one corner point when possible, GPS may be appropriate for other types of resources such as site areas and linear features. An offset must be used for GPS data collection adjacent to structures when the structure deflects the satellite signals enough to move the estimated accuracy out of the required accuracy radius.

Use of Total Station. In cases where the contractor uses a total station with integrated GPS, separate GPS field recordation of all features may not be required. This version of field recordation should be noted in the metadata.

Metadata:

GPS Metadata Collection. GPS Metadata must be collected with the features, including max PDOP, HDOP, and VDOP, positions averaged, standard deviation, GPS unit, correction status, and date.

Metadata for GPS data files must include the GPS software and version, post-processing software and version, and a description of the RTK system if used.

GPS Metadata Deliverables Format. The metadata must be included in the attribute fields that are exported to GIS format.

GIS Metadata. Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata requirements must be followed. No data shall be accepted from consultants/cooperators/Principal Investigators or sub-consultants/cooperators/Principal Investigators without Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)-compliant metadata, which can be created in ESRI ArcCatalog or by any other metadata software that results in FGDC-compliant documents.

USGS Metadata Wizard: https://www.usgs.gov/products/data-and-tools/data-management/metadata-creation

Metadata Process Step. The “process step” for the GIS metadata (Data Quality Process Step) must be populated detailing the steps taken to collect, create, convert, and edit the geospatial data. Additional documents describing the processes used should be attached to the ArcCatalog Metadata (Metadata Properties > Enclosures > Add).

GIS Metadata Deliverables Format. Metadata should be provided as XML files. Either the FGDC CSDGM or the latest ISO standard may be used.

GIS Data Management

GPS Data Correction. All GPS data shall be differentially corrected as outlined in the specifications noted above. Data must be corrected: real-time (SBAS, WAAS), post-processed, or RTK. Corrected GPS data must be provided in GIS format (shapefile or file geodatabase) in the appropriate UTM zone using the NAD83 (2011) datum. X and Y coordinates must be included in the attribute tables in decimal degrees.

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Data storage. Data may not be stored on third-party cloud platforms such as ArcGIS Online, Trimble Connect, or Google Earth.

Deliverables Format. Data deliverables must include raw GPS data files, corrected GPS data files in the export format of ArcGIS file geodatabase or shapefiles, the GPS data dictionary, and the final GIS data product that describes the cultural landscape features as a geodatabase or shapefiles.

Ownership of Data. Deliverables can be provided on an external hard drive. All GPS data, including original files, and post-processed and re-projected data files are the property of the NPS and may not be transferred, published, or otherwise used for purposes other than this project without NPS permission (needs wordsmithing). All data becomes the property of NPS and is delivered to the project Contracting Officer’s Representative for hand-off the GIS Coordinator, Southeast Region and the Park contact.

The SOW is understood to be unchanged except as proposed under Stipulations and Exclusions. Please include any Stipulations to add detail to the SOW, for example, provide detail on the research approach to the project. Please address any Exclusions to identify work within the SOW that is proposed to be excluded and explain the impact on the project.

Archeological survey of high point property Known Cultural Resources

CUIS-35.01 High Point Mound CUIS-35 includes a prehistoric artifact scatter and a small sand mound (CUIS-35.01) situated in a pasture on the Candler property to the southeast of CUIS-34. The overall size of the site was estimated to be 400 meters by 250 meters, an area that basically includes the entire pasture extending southwest from the Candler Historic Complex (CUIS-57). During a pedestrian survey of this area a small assemblage of Deptford to San Marcos period sherds was collected from the site (Ehrenhard 1976:59). The sand mound, which is about 1.5 meters high and 10 meters in diameter, comprises the only readily visible evidence of CUIS-35. According to a local informant, the mound was excavated in the 1950s by relic hunters (Ehrenhard 1976:59). This mound was also the one previously identified by C.B. Moore in the late nineteenth century although he did not mention it by name, but only plotted its location. The site was visited again March 28, 2006. Some small surface deposits of shell were visible across the open lawn (pasture) currently maintained by the Candler family. The burial mound is located south of the unpaved road extending east-west across the lawn. The previous vandalism to the mound is readily apparent on the east and southeast side of the mound where much of the soil has been removed. Currently there are two juniper trees growing on the north side of the mound.

CUIS-57.01 High Point Complex The High Point Complex consists of a hotel and associated cottages that were built in the late nineteenth century to the southeast of Half Moon Bluff. The hotel was originally referred to as the Occidental Hotel and included, in addition to the main building, several wood frame outbuildings, and two larger two story buildings designated Macon Row and Atlanta Row. Guests to the hotel were landed at the Cumberland Wharf and taken to the hotel via a horse drawn trolley that ran along a set of tracks that ran from the wharf on the Cumberland River o the hotel and to the beach on the Atlantic side of the island.

After the hotel closed in the early twentieth century the property was bought by the Cumberland Island Club which maintained it as a hunting and fishing lodge. The property was eventually bought by the

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Candler family in 1930. Currently the High Point Complex is a Reserved Life Estate of the Candler family and High Point, Inc. Many of the smaller buildings no longer exist and very little is known about the condition or renovations that have been done to the other buildings due to the reluctance of the Candler family (Ehrenhard 1976:86).

CUIS-57.001 High Point Hotel/Cumberland Island Hotel (LCS # 91308) The High Point Hotel was constructed around1880 and later enlarged and remodeled around 1890. It was purchased by the Cumberland Island Club in 1920. The building is a 58 x 100 foot square, two story wood frame building with a ¾-wrap hip-roofed porch.

CUIS-57.002 High Point Servants Quarters (LCS # 91309, HS-023) This structure, which measures 50 feet by 77feet, is a 2-story, side-gabled frame building with a rear “ell”. The main house is intact but has been extensively altered by the addition of porches on the northeast and northwest and rear entry doors and an exterior stair.

CUIS-57.003 High Point (New House, HS-024) The New House was built in 1940. Very little is known about the structure which is Reserved Life Estate.

CUIS-57.004 Hotel Cottage/ Candler Estate Caretakers House (HS-025) This is one of the remaining hotel cottages. It was, or is now, occupied by a caretaker of the Candler Estate.

CUIS-57.005 Servants Quarters/ Jesse Bailey’s House (HS-26) House originally occupied by hotel servants but now used as housing for Candler estate employee.

CUIS-57.006 Candler Employee Quarters/George Merrow’s House (HS-032) Another structure formerly occupied by hotel employees and now used by an employee of the Candler estate.

CUIS-57.007 Barn (HS-027) There is no information concerning this structure, its location or association with the High Point Complex. Sometime ca. 2008 this structure was torn down by Candler residents and replaced with a new building.

CUIS-57.008 Shop and Garage (HS-031), CUIS-57.009 Light Plant, CUIS-57.010 Well House, CUIS-57.012 Jesse Bailey’s Kitchen, CUIS-57.013 Shed Garage No. 1, CUIS-57.014 Shed Garage No.2 There is no current information concerning these structures.

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Figure 1. Location of known Historic Structures at High Point.

Proposed 2024 Field Methods

This survey shall consist of systematic shovel testing and pedestrian survey across an estimated 38 acres located within the National Historic District of High Point-Halfmoon Bluff (Tract 1-

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104) to be transferred out of NPS ownership (Figure 2). This testing will be a 100% inventory with systematic sub-surface testing and geophysical surveys.

All shovel test pits (STPs) will be systematically excavated following a grid spaced at 20 m intervals, to a depth of 100 cm or until the ground water table is encountered. Soils will be screened through one-quarter inch hardware cloth to recover any artifacts present. Excluded areas include those transects already surveyed during previous investigations, roadways and associated roadbeds, and inundated and wetland areas. Positive tests will be bounded by additional STPs in order to define potential archeological site boundaries. Inundated or submerged areas will be subjected to a pedestrian survey to identify any above-ground remains.

Locations of each STP will be recorded with a global positioning system (GPS) unit, explicitly using the Esri Field Maps app running on a Samsung Tab Active table with a Leica Zeno GG04 using the SmartLink PPP correction service and averaging capable of submeter accuracy. STPs may be offset by a minimal distance to avoid obstructions, such as trees. This offset should be documented in the comments field of the shovel test field form.

If concentrations of artifacts or potential features are encountered, 1-by-1 m excavation units (EUs) may be excavated at the discretion of the principal investigator to determine the period of occupation and other information that will assist with the identification of the site. Archeological excavations followed the NPS-SEAC field guidelines and statutes (Prentice 2020). Reporting standards conformed to National Park Service Regional Archaeological Survey Plan (Keel et al.

1996), and Georgia State Historic Preservation Office reporting guidelines. If EUs are established, they will be excavated in 10 centimeter (cm) levels, or until the local strata have been identified and then units will be excavated by arbitrary 10 cm levels within the natural strata. The size and layout of excavation units will be determined based on the presence of potential features identified in shovel tests, and will be oriented on the shovel testing grid. Unit stratigraphic wall profiles and features will be photographed and drawn on all sides. Identified diagnostic artifacts and features will be mapped as well. Units will be excavated to sterile soil.

Soil will be screened through one-quarter inch hardware cloth in order to detect all artifacts. If, or when, features are encountered, 1/8 or 1/16 inch mesh may be utilized where necessary to gather small objects, such as small bones or beads that would otherwise be lost due to the larger standard 1/4 inch mesh size.

All cultural materials will be mapped and recorded using GPS with sub-meter accuracy. A spatial analysis using GIS will be conducted to determine any relationships among site locations, their setting, and context. The map will be input into a geographic information systems (GIS) program for submission to the park and will also be included in the final report.

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The data collected and produced during the project will be recorded on task specific forms (e.g.

Shovel Test forms, Excavation Unit forms, Field Specimen [FS] logs, and Photograph Logs).

Information regarding the surface location and level within an excavation unit will be entered onto standardized forms describing location, depth, and soil characteristics, as well as any material recovered. Additionally, notes will be made on cultural features encountered but left in situ, such as foundations.

Artifacts will be placed in plastic zipper bags labeled with project name, CUIS accession number, provenience, date, and FS numbers. Fragile items or materials that need special handling will be recorded on the bag and in the FS log and placed in appropriate containers with adequate protection against damage. If items are uncovered during the investigations that appear to be too fragile to move, or if uncertainty exists as to the best or most appropriate field treatment of the object, excavation will cease and the curator at SEAC will be contacted and consulted. The proper methods for conservation of the material will be decided by the curator. Fragile items will be stored in protective, appropriately marked containers. An FS log will be maintained in the field. This log will contain the provenience, what types of artifacts were recovered, the date of excavation, and the initials of the crewmember(s) who collected the artifacts. Classification and cataloging of the artifacts will follow the guidelines set forth in the Cataloging Manual for Archeological Objects Vols. I, II, & III (NPS 1990) and the Museum Handbook, Museum Records, Part II (NPS 1984). The artifact analysis and computer data entry will be guided by SACS (Southeast Archeological Catalog System), then the database will be converted into the

Figure 2. Map showing the location of Tract 1-104 (in red) proposed to be transferred out of ownership by the National Park Service.

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Automated National Catalog System (ANCS+) and entered into the ReDiscovery curation program. Following analysis and cataloging, all artifacts will be housed at SEAC.

Collection Strategy The collection strategy of this project will be selective, meaning that only diagnostic cultural material and faunal remains will be collected, with an exception if an inadvertent discovery of human remains were to occur, in which case the NPS guidance for such a discovery would be followed, starting with notification to the park Superintendent, and the Southeast Regional NAGPRA Coordinator (see the following section on “Human Remains and NAGPRA Consultation”). Guidance for artifact collection on this project adhered to the memorandum for Archeological Field Collection Policy for the Southeast Archeological Center (Parsons 2022).

The collection/identification of artifacts will be dictated by whatever artifacts and fauna remain in the 1/4-inch (0.64 cm) hardware mesh after excavated soil was screened, as well as any recovered as samples.

Human Remains and NAGPRA Consultation In the unlikely event that human remains are inadvertently encountered, the following procedures will be followed in compliance with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), (25 U.S.C. 3001 et seq), its implementing regulations (43 CFR 10), and the Archeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA), (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq), with its implementing regulations (43 CFR 7):

1. The field crew will immediately cease ground-disturbing activity in the area around the discovery, note the site location, and make a reasonable effort to protect the human remains and any potential NAGPRA items from further disturbance.

2. The park Superintendent and the Southeast Region NAGPRA Coordinator will be notified in person, by telephone, or by email. The discoverer will also follow-up with formal written notification. Within three working days, the Superintendent will certify receipt of this notification and take any additional, necessary steps to secure and protect the potential NAGPRA remains and items.

3. The Superintendent will be requested to notify a local or state law enforcement official with jurisdiction, as well as the County Medical Examiner/Coroner (ME). The law enforcement official and ME will make a determination of whether the location is a crime scene or an archeological discovery. If the remains are determined to be of archeological rather than forensic, context, SEAC osteologists will determine, in consultation with the ME, if the human remains are potentially American Indian, and thus whether they are subject to NAGPRA.

4. Any potential NAGPRA remains and items that are encountered will be documented in situ to provide thorough information about their archeological context to enable the Tribes to determine

Page 16 of 17 Pages their interest in the inadvertent discovery. This information will include GPS coordinates of the site and environmental conditions as well as the location, position, orientation, and depth of the remains and items encountered. No photographs of human remains or associated soil samples will be taken. If possible, without further disturbance, measurement of the human remains, artifacts, and pit will be completed in situ in order to estimate the sex, stature, and age of the individual(s) and determine whether artifacts are associated with the human remains. After the remains and NAGPRA items are documented, any exposed material will be secured and protected from further disturbance by stabilizing them and covering them with soil.

5. Final disposition of NAGPRA remains and items will be determined following notification and consultation with the NAGPRA coordinator and concerned Tribes.

Collections Management and Conservation Paperwork to track the artifacts and field records will be completed before removing artifacts or records from the park. First the supervising archeologist will complete a DI-105 transferring the field collection to the Park, then the appropriate park staff member will complete an NPS Specimen Loan Form (10-127) and a DI-105 giving temporary custody of the artifacts to the archeologist for transportation. Data stored will include the field notes, maps, photographic logs, correspondences, and the report. All materials will be turned over to the Archeological Collections and Information Management Section for permanent storage. Copies of all paperwork and data will be submitted to CUIS for their permanent storage.

Laboratory Methods Following the completion of the survey, all documents produced by the field work, such as field forms, maps, photographs, etc. are encoded in the Interior Collections Management System (ICMS) computerized inventory system for the NPS and curated at CUIS. All materials generated by the project are cataloged under the CUIS Accession. Transportation, and storage of all materials from field to lab, to collections, were handled following applicable SEAC Standard Operating Procedures as described in the Standard Field Procedures Manual for the Southeast Archeological Center (Prentice 2020).

Site Information Management State site forms (or updates) will be prepared and submitted to the Georgia State Site Files. The archeological site module within the NPS’s Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS- ARCH) (formerly Archeological Sites Management Information System [ASMIS]) database will be updated with all relevant site data. Site locations and areas that were surveyed during the project will be added to SEAC’s archeological geographic information system (GIS).

Reporting and Deliverables The project archeologist will make a verbal report to park staff before leaving the field and will prepare a detailed technical report describing the work undertaken, results, and recommendations for the park. The report will conform to the Secretary of the Interior’s guidelines for

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Archeological Documentation (NPS-28) and meet reporting requirements for the Georgia State Historic Preservation Office. Upon completion, this report will be submitted to the Park. This report will be curated at CUIS along with the rest of the project’s paperwork and all project notes, data, photographs, and artifacts and will remain available upon request. Copies of the report will be submitted to the Georgia State Historic Preservation Office.

Safety All of the crew members have had training in first aid and CPR. The crew members will wear appropriate footwear and protective gear. A first aid kit, insect repellent, and sun screen will be available. Should medical treatment be necessary due to accident or illness, the person affected will be transported to the nearest appropriate medical facility.