ASME Y14.5-2018.pdf

Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Engineering Product Definition and Related Documentation Practices

A N I N T E R N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D

ASME Y14.5-2018

(Revision of ASME Y14.5-2009)

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ASME Y14.5

ADOPTION NOTICE

ASME Y14.5, Dimensioning and Tolerancing, was adopted on 9 February 2009 for use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Proposed changes by DoD activities must be submitted to the DoD Adopting Activity: Commander, U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC), ATTN: AMSRD-AAR-QES-E, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000. Copies of this document may be purchased from The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 150 Clove Road, 6th Floor, Little Falls, NJ 07424-2139; http://www.asme.org.

Custodians:

Army — AR Navy — SA Air Force — 16

Adopting Activity:

Army — AR (Project DRPR-2009-003)

Review Activities:

Army — CR, MI, PT, TM Navy — AS, CG, CH, EC, MC, NP, TD Air Force — 13, 99

DLA — DH

OSD — SE

NSA — NS

Other — CM, MP, DC2

NOTE: The activities listed above were interested in this document as of the date of this document.

Since organizations and responsibilities can change, you should verify the currency of the information above using the ASSIST Online database at https://quicksearch.dla.mil.

ASMC N\A AREA DRPR

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited.

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ASME Y14.5-2018

(Revision of ASME Y14.5-2009)

Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Engineering Product Definition and Related Documentation Practices

AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

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Date of Issuance: February 11, 2019

This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.

Periodically certain actions of the ASME Y14 Committee may be published as Cases. Cases are published on the ASME website under the Y14 Committee Page at http://go.asme.org/Y14committee as they are issued.

Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME website under the Committee Pages to provide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.

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This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards and it is anAmericanNational Standard. The Standards Committee that approved the codeor standardwasbalanced to assure that individuals fromcompetentandconcerned interestshavehadanopportunity toparticipate.Theproposedcodeor standardwasmadeavailable forpublic reviewand comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.

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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 2019 by

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.

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CONTENTS

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv

Correspondence With the Y14 Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi

Section 1 Scope

1.1 Introduction

1.2 General

1.3 Reference to This Standard

1.4 ASME Y14 Series Conventions

1.5 Drawings Without Reference to a Standard

1.6 Reference to Gaging

1.7 Symbols

Section 2 References

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Cited Standards

2.3 Additional Sources (Not Cited)

Section 3 Definitions Section 4 Fundamental Rules, Tolerancing Defaults, and Dimensioning Practices

4.1 Fundamental Rules

4.2 Units of Measure

4.3 Types of Dimensioning

4.4 Application of Dimensions

4.5 Dimensioning Features

4.6 Location of Features

Section 5 Tolerancing, Interpretation of Limits, Limits of Size, and Material Condition Modifiers 33

5.1 General

5.2 Direct Tolerancing Methods

5.3 Tolerance Expression

5.4 Interpretation of Limits

5.5 Single Limit Toleranced Dimensions

5.6 Tolerance Accumulation Between Surfaces

5.7 Dimensions Related to an Origin

5.8 Limits of Size

5.9 Applicability of Modifiers on Geometric Tolerance Values and Datum Feature References . 36

5.10 Screw Threads

5.11 Gears and Splines

5.12 Boundary Conditions

5.13 Angular Surfaces

5.14 Conical Tapers

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5.15 Flat Tapers

5.16 Radius

5.17 Tangent Plane

5.18 Statistical Tolerancing

Section 6 Symbology

6.1 General

6.2 Use of Notes to Supplement Symbols

6.3 Symbol Construction

6.4 Feature Control Frame Symbols

6.5 Feature Control Frame Placement

6.6 Tolerance Zone Shape

6.7 Tabulated Tolerances

Section 7 Datum Reference Frames

7.1 General

7.2 Degrees of Freedom

7.3 Degrees of Freedom Constrained by Primary Datum Features RMB

7.4 Constraining Degrees of Freedom of a Part

7.5 True Geometric Counterpart

7.6 True Geometric Counterparts and Physical Datum Feature Simulators

7.7 Datum Reference Frame

7.8 Datum Features

7.9 Datum Feature Controls

7.10 Specifying Datum Features in an Order of Precedence

7.11 Establishing Datums

7.12 Common Datum Features

7.13 Mathematically Defined Surface

7.14 Multiple Datum Reference Frames

7.15 Functional Datum Features

7.16 Rotational Constraint About a Datum Axis or Point

7.17 Application of MMB, LMB, and RMB to Irregular Features of Size

7.18 Datum Feature Selection Practical Application

7.19 Simultaneous Requirements

7.20 Restrained Condition

7.21 Datum Reference Frame Identification

7.22 Customized Datum Reference Frame Construction

7.23 Application of a Customized Datum Reference Frame

7.24 Datum Targets

Section 8 Tolerances of Form

8.1 General

8.2 Form Control

8.3 Specifying Form Tolerances

8.4 Form Tolerances

8.5 Average Diameter

Section 9 Tolerances of Orientation

9.1 General

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9.2 Orientation Control

9.3 Specifying Orientation Tolerances

9.4 Tangent Plane

9.5 Alternative Practice

Section 10 Tolerances of Position

10.1 General

10.2 Positional Tolerancing

10.3 Positional Tolerancing Fundamentals — I

10.4 Positional Tolerancing Fundamentals — II

10.5 Pattern Location

10.6 Coaxial Feature Controls

10.7 Tolerancing for Symmetrical Relationships

Section 11 Tolerances of Profile

11.1 General

11.2 Profile

11.3 Tolerance Zone Boundaries

11.4 Profile Applications

11.5 Material Condition and Boundary Condition Modifiers as Related to Profile Controls

11.6 Composite Profile

11.7 Multiple Single-Segment Profile Tolerancing

11.8 Combined Controls

11.9 Profile of a Line as a Refinement

11.10 Dynamic Profile Tolerance Modifier

Section 12 Tolerances of Runout

12.1 General

12.2 Runout

12.3 Runout Tolerance

12.4 Types of Runout Tolerances

12.5 Runout Tolerance and Size

12.6 Application

12.7 Specification

Mandatory Appendix I Alternate Practices

Nonmandatory Appendices A Principal Changes and Improvements B Formulas for Positional Tolerancing C Form, Proportion, and Comparison of Symbols D Former Practices

Figures 3-1 Related and Unrelated AME 3-2 Related and Unrelated Actual Minimum Material Envelope From Figure 3-1 4-1 Angular Units v Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASME Licensee=EB - Electric Boat - Loc 1/9993263100, User=Arnold, Sandra

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4-2 Millimeter Dimensions 4-3 Decimal Inch Dimensions 4-4 Application of Dimensions 4-5 Grouping of Dimensions 4-6 Spacing of Dimension Lines 4-7 Staggered Dimensions 4-8 Oblique Extension Lines 4-9 Breaks in Extension Lines 4-10 Point Locations 4-11 Limited Length or Area Indication 4-12 Leaders 4-13 Leader-Directed Dimensions 4-14 Minimizing Leaders 4-15 Leader Directions 4-16 Reading Directions 4-17 Intermediate Reference Dimension 4-18 Overall Reference Dimension 4-19 Diameters 4-20 Radii 4-21 Radius With Located Center 4-22 Radii With Unlocated Centers 4-23 Foreshortened Radii 4-24 True Radius 4-25 Spherical Radius 4-26 Dimensioning Arcs and Chords 4-27 Slotted Holes 4-28 Partially Rounded Ends 4-29 Rounded Corners 4-30 Circular Arc Outline 4-31 Coordinate or Offset Outline 4-32 Tabulated Outline 4-33 Symmetrical Outline 4-34 Round Holes 4-35 Counterbored Holes 4-36 Holes With Multiple Counterbores 4-37 Countersunk and Counterdrilled Holes 4-38 Countersink on a Curved Surface 4-39 Spotfaced Holes 4-40 Chamfers 4-41 45° Chamfer 4-42 Internal Chamfers 4-43 Chamfers Between Surfaces at Other Than 90° 4-44 Keyseats 4-45 Knurls 4-46 Knurls for Press Fits vi Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASME Licensee=EB - Electric Boat - Loc 1/9993263100, User=Arnold, Sandra

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4-47 Rectangular Coordinate Dimensioning 4-48 Rectangular Coordinate Dimensioning Without Dimension Lines 4-49 Rectangular Coordinate Dimensioning in Tabular Form 4-50 Polar Coordinate Dimensioning 4-51 Repetitive Features 4-52 Repetitive Features and Dimensions 5-1 Limit Dimensioning 5-2 Plus and Minus Tolerancing 5-3 Indicating Symbols for Metric Limits and Fits 5-4 Tolerance Accumulation: One Datum Reference Frame 5-5 Tolerance Accumulation: Multiple Datum Reference Frames 5-6 Relating Dimensional Limits to an Origin 5-7 Extreme Variations of Form Allowed by a Size Tolerance 5-8 Extreme Variations of Form Allowed by a Geometric Tolerance — Perfect Form at LMC . . 43 5-9 Size Meaning 5-10 Independency and Flatness Application 5-11 Continuous Feature, External Cylindrical 5-12 Continuous Feature, Internal Cylindrical 5-13 Continuous Feature, External Width 5-14 Virtual and Resultant Condition Boundaries Using the MMC Concept — Internal Feature . . 46 5-15 Virtual and Resultant Condition Boundaries Using the LMC Concept — Internal Feature . . 47 5-16 Inner and Outer Boundaries Using the RFS Concept — Internal Feature 5-17 Virtual and Resultant Condition Boundaries Using the MMC Concept — External Feature . 49 5-18 Virtual and Resultant Condition Boundaries Using the LMC Concept — External Feature . . 50 5-19 Inner and Outer Condition Boundaries Using the RFS Concept — External Feature 5-20 Tolerancing an Angular Surface Using a Combination of Linear and Angular Dimensions . . 51 5-21 Specifying Tapers 5-22 Specifying a Basic Taper and a Basic Diameter 5-23 Specifying a Flat Taper 5-24 Specifying a Radius 5-25 Specifying a Controlled Radius 5-26 Statistical Tolerancing 5-27 Statistical Tolerancing With Arithmetic Limits 5-28 Statistical Tolerancing With Geometric Controls 6-1 Geometric Characteristic Symbols 6-2 Datum Feature Symbol 6-3 Datum Feature Symbols on a Feature Surface and an Extension Line 6-4 Placement of Datum Feature Symbols on Features of Size 6-5 Placement of Datum Feature Symbol in Conjunction With a Feature Control Frame 6-6 Two Datum Features Establishing a Single Datum Plane 6-7 Datum Target Symbol Examples 6-8 Datum Target Point 6-9 Datum Target Line 6-10 Datum Target Area 6-11 Basic Dimension Symbol Application vii Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASME Licensee=EB - Electric Boat - Loc 1/9993263100, User=Arnold, Sandra

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6-12 Modifying Symbols 6-13 Indicating That the Specified Tolerance Is a Statistical Geometric Tolerance 6-14 Statistical Tolerance Symbol 6-15 “Between” Symbol 6-16 Counterbore and Spotface Symbols 6-17 Countersink Symbol 6-18 Depth Symbol 6-19 Square Symbol 6-20 Dimension Origin Symbol 6-21 Application of “All Over” and “All Around” Symbols 6-22 Feature Control Frame With “Free State” Symbol 6-23 Application of “Movable Datum Target” Symbol 6-24 Feature Control Frame 6-25 Feature Control Frame Incorporating a Datum Feature Reference 6-26 Order of Precedence of Datum Feature Reference 6-27 Multiple Feature Control Frames 6-28 Combined Feature Control Frame and Datum Feature Symbol 6-29 Feature Control Frame With a Projected Tolerance Zone Symbol 6-30 Feature Control Frame Placement 6-31 Tabulated Tolerances 7-1 Datum Reference Frame 7-2 Sequence of Datum Features Relates Part to Datum Reference Frame 7-3 Constrained Degrees of Freedom for Primary Datum Features 7-4 Part Where Rotational Constraint Is Important 7-5 Development of a Datum Reference Frame for the Part in Figure 7-4 7-6 Development of a Datum Reference Frame 7-7 Datum Plane Establishment 7-8 Establishment of Datums for Primary External Cylindrical Datum Feature RMB 7-9 Establishment of Datums for Primary Internal Cylindrical Datum Feature RMB 7-10 Establishment of Datums for Primary External Datum Width Feature RMB 7-11 Establishment of Datums for Primary Internal Datum Width Feature RMB 7-12 Development of a Datum Reference Frame With Translation Modifier 7-13 Inclined Datum Feature 7-14 Part With Cylindrical Datum Feature 7-15 Multiple Datum Reference Frames and Their Interrelationships 7-16 Two Coaxial Datum Features, Single Datum Axis 7-17 Two Datum Features RMB, Single Datum Axis 7-18 Hole Pattern Identified as Datum Feature 7-19 Effect of Secondary Datum Feature Reference Applicable at RMB and MMB 7-20 Effect of Primary Datum Feature Reference Applicable at RMB and MMB 7-21 Secondary and Tertiary Datum Features RMB 7-22 Example Calculations of MMB 7-23 Example Calculations of LMB 7-24 Example Calculations of Maximum External Boundary for RMB Applications 7-25 Secondary and Tertiary Datum Features at LMB viii Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASME Licensee=EB - Electric Boat - Loc 1/9993263100, User=Arnold, Sandra

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7-26 Secondary and Tertiary Datum Features at MMB 7-27 Planar Common Datum Features 7-28 Partial Surface as a Datum Feature 7-29 Contoured Surface as a Datum Feature 7-30 Contoured Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum

Feature RMB 7-31 Contoured Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum

Feature at MMB 7-32 Planar Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature

RMB

7-33 Planar Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature at MMB 7-34 Planar Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature

RMB

7-35 Planar Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature at BSC 7-36 Planar Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature at MMB 7-37 Planar Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature at LMB 7-38 Size Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature

RMB

7-39 Size Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature

RMB, Translate 7-40 Irregular and Regular Features of Size as Datum Features 7-41 Coaxial Irregular Datum Feature of Size 7-42 PossibleDatumFeature andTrueGeometric Counterparts FromThreePinsUsedas an Irregular

Feature of Size 7-43 Mating Parts for Functional Datum Section 7-44 Functional Datum Application: Pulley 7-45 Functional Datum Application: Adapter 7-46 Simultaneous Position and Profile Tolerances 7-47 Part With Nominally Aligned Features: Simultaneous Requirement 7-48 Part With Nominally Aligned Features: Separate Requirements 7-49 Restrained Condition Application 7-50 Indication of Unrestrained Datum Targets for a Primary Multiple Datum Feature Reference 132 7-51 Indication of Unrestrained Datum Targets for a Secondary Datum Feature Reference 7-52 Planar Combined Datum Features 7-53 Datum Targets Used to Establish Datum Reference Frame for Complex Part 7-54 Datum Reference Frame Identification 7-55 Conical Datum Feature Referenced to Constrain Five Degrees of Freedom 7-56 Conical Datum Feature Reference Customized to Constrain Four Degrees of Freedom 7-57 Customized Datum Reference Frame 7-58 Application of Movable Datum Targets 7-59 Datum Target Spheres 7-60 Application of Datum Targets to Establish a Datum Reference Frame 7-61 Primary Datum Axis Established by Datum Target Points on a Single Cylindrical Feature . . 144 ix Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASME Licensee=EB - Electric Boat - Loc 1/9993263100, User=Arnold, Sandra

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7-62 Primary andSecondaryDatumsEstablishedbyDatumTarget Lines onTwoCylindrical Features and a Surface

7-63 Datum Target Line and Area 7-64 Secondary Datum Axis 8-1 Specifying Straightness of a Flat Surface 8-2 Specifying Straightness of Surface Elements 8-3 Specifying Straightness RFS 8-4 Specifying Straightness at MMC 8-5 Specifying Straightness per Unit Length With Specified Total Straightness, Both RFS 8-6 Possible Results of Specifying Straightness per Unit Length RFS, With No Specified Total . . 156 8-7 Specifying Flatness of a Surface 8-8 Specifying Flatness of a Derived Median Plane RFS 8-9 Specifying Flatness of a Derived Median Plane at MMC 8-10 Specifying Circularity for a Cylinder or Cone 8-11 Specifying Circularity of a Sphere 8-12 Specifying Cylindricity 8-13 Specifying Circularity With Average Diameter 8-14 Specifying Restraint for Nonrigid Parts 9-1 Specifying Angularity for a Plane Surface 9-2 Specifying Parallelism for a Plane Surface 9-3 Specifying Perpendicularity for a Plane Surface 9-4 Specifying Orientation for a Plane Surface Relative to Two Datums 9-5 Specifying Perpendicularity for a Center Plane (Feature RFS) 9-6 Specifying Angularity for an Axis (Feature RFS) 9-7 Specifying Parallelism for an Axis (Feature RFS) 9-8 Specifying Angularity for an Axis With Two Datum Feature References (Feature RFS) 9-9 Specifying Parallelism for an Axis (Both Feature and Datum Feature RFS) 9-10 Specifying Parallelism for an Axis (Feature at MMC and Datum Feature RFS) 9-11 Specifying Perpendicularity for an Axis at a Projected Height (Threaded Hole or Insert at MMC) 172 9-12 Specifying Perpendicularity for an Axis (Pin or Boss RFS) 9-13 Specifying Perpendicularity for an Axis Showing Acceptance Boundary (Pin or Boss at MMC) 174 9-14 Specifying Perpendicularity for an Axis (Zero Tolerance at MMC) 9-15 Specifying Perpendicularity for an Axis (Zero Tolerance at MMC With a Maximum Specified) 176 9-16 Specifying Orientation for a Curved Surface Relative to a Planar Datum Feature 9-17 Specifying Parallelism With a Tangent Plane and Profile of a Surface 9-18 Specifying Parallelism With a Tangent Plane 10-1 Identifying Basic Dimensions 10-2 Positional Tolerancing With Datum References 10-3 Positional Tolerancing Relative to Planar Datum Feature Surfaces 10-4 Positional Tolerancing at MMC Relative to Datum Feature Center Planes 10-5 RFS Applicable to a Feature Tolerance and RMB Applied to a Datum Feature Reference . . 192 10-6 Possible Axis Interpretation Error 10-7 Boundary for Surface of a Hole at MMC 10-8 Surface Interpretation for Position Tolerance at MMC 10-9 Axis Interpretation for Position Tolerance at MMC x Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASME Licensee=EB - Electric Boat - Loc 1/9993263100, User=Arnold, Sandra

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10-10 Increase in Positional Tolerance Where Hole Is Not at MMC 10-11 Positional Tolerancing at MMC 10-12 Zero Positional Tolerancing at MMC 10-13 Increase in Positional Tolerance Where Hole Is Not at LMC 10-14 LMC Applied to Boss and Hole 10-15 Zero Tolerance at LMC Applied to Boss and Hole 10-16 LMC Applied to a Single Feature 10-17 LMC Applied to Pattern of Slots 10-18 Datum Feature at LMB 10-19 Datum Feature Referenced at MMB 10-20 Interference Diagram, Fastener and Hole 10-21 Basis for Projected Tolerance Zone 10-22 Projected Tolerance Zone Specified 10-23 Projected Tolerance Zone Indicated With Chain Line 10-24 Projected Tolerance Zone Applied for Studs or Dowel Pins 10-25 Same Positional Tolerance for Holes and Counterbores, Same Datum References 10-26 Different Positional Tolerances for Holes and Counterbores, Same Datum References 10-27 Positional Tolerances for Holes and Counterbores, Different Datum References 10-28 Different Positional Tolerance at Each End of a Long Hole 10-29 Bidirectional Positional Tolerancing, Rectangular Coordinate Method 10-30 Bidirectional Positional Tolerancing, Polar Coordinate Method 10-31 Positional Tolerancing of Tabs 10-32 Positional Tolerancing of Slots 10-33 Virtual Condition for Surfaces of Slot at MMC 10-34 Tolerance Zone for Center Plane of Slot at MMC 10-35 Positional Tolerancing, Boundary Concept 10-36 Spherical Feature Located by Positional Tolerancing 10-37 Nonparallel Holes Including Those Not Normal to the Surface 10-38 Multiple Patterns of Features 10-39 Hole Patterns Located by Composite Positional Tolerancing 10-40 Hole Patterns of Figure 10-38 With Secondary Datums in Feature-Relating Segments of

Composite Feature Control Frames 10-41 Composite Positional Tolerancing of a Circular Pattern of Features 10-42 Radial Hole Pattern Located by Composite Positional Tolerancing— Repeated Primary Datum

Reference 10-43 Radial Hole Pattern Located by Composite Positional Tolerancing — Repeated All Datum

References 10-44 Orientation Relative to Three Datum Planes 10-45 Positional Tolerancing for Coaxial Holes of Same Size, Partial (Parallelism) Refinement of

Feature-Relating Axis Relative to Datums A and BWith Further Refinement of Parallelism to Datum A

10-46 Three-Segment Composite Tolerance 10-47 Multiple Single-Segment Feature Control Frames With Secondary Datum in Lower Feature

Control Frame 10-48 Positional Tolerancing With Multiple Single-Segment Feature Control Frames 10-49 Radial Hole Pattern Located by Multiple Single-Segment Feature Control Frames xi Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASME Licensee=EB - Electric Boat - Loc 1/9993263100, User=Arnold, Sandra

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10-50 Positional Tolerancing for Coaxial Holes of Same Size 10-51 Positional Tolerancing for Coaxial Holes of Same Size, Partial (Parallelism) Refinement of

Feature of Feature-Relating Axis 10-52 Positional Tolerancing for Multiple Features of More Than One Size 10-53 Multiple Patterns of Features, Simultaneous Requirement 10-54 Multiple Patterns of Features, Separate Requirements 10-55 Multiple Positional Tolerancing for a Pattern of Features 10-56 Positional Tolerancing for Coaxiality 10-57 Feature Controlled With Positional Tolerance RFS and Datum Referenced RMB for Coaxiality 238 10-58 Two Datum Features, Single Datum Axis 10-59 Positional Tolerancing at MMC for Symmetrical Features 10-60 Positional Tolerancing RFS for Symmetrical Features 11-1 Profile of a Surface Application (Bilateral) 11-2 Profile of a Surface Application (Unilaterally Inside) 11-3 Profile of a Surface Application (Unilaterally Outside) 11-4 Profile of a Surface Application (Unequally Disposed) 11-5 Specifying the Profile of a Surface for Sharp Corners 11-6 Specifying Profile of a Surface All Around 11-7 Application of Profile of a Surface Tolerance to a Basic Contour 11-8 Specifying Different Profile Tolerances on Segments of a Profile 11-9 Specifying Profile of a Surface Between Points 11-10 Specifying Profile of a Surface All Over 11-11 Nonuniform Profile Tolerance Zone 11-12 Nonuniform Profile Tolerance Zone With Multiple Segments 11-13 Nonuniform Profile Tolerance Zone With Zones to Smooth Transitions 11-14 Nonuniform Profile Tolerance Zone Alternate Practice 11-15 Specifying the Profile of a Surface for a Plane Surface 11-16 Specifying the Profile of a Surface for Coplanar Surfaces 11-17 Specifying the Profile of a Surface for Coplanar Surfaces to aDatumEstablished byTwoSurfaces 261 11-18 Specifying the Profile of a Surface for Stepped Surfaces 11-19 Specifying the Profile of a Conical Feature 11-20 Profile Tolerancing of a Conical Feature, Datum Related 11-21 The Toleranced Feature Is a Referenced Datum Feature 11-22 The Toleranced Feature Includes Referenced Datum Targets 11-23 “Continuous Feature” Symbol Application in a Profile Tolerance 11-24 Composite Profile Tolerancing of an Irregular Feature 11-25 Composite Profile Tolerancing of a Feature 11-26 Pattern Located by Composite Profile Tolerancing — Repeated Primary Datum Feature

Reference 11-27 Pattern Located by Composite Profile Tolerancing — Repeated Primary and Secondary Datum

Feature References 11-28 Irregular Shaped Feature With a Profile Size/Form Control and the Pattern Located by

Composite Profile Tolerance 11-29 MMC Principle Used With Profile Controls 11-30 Profile of a Surface of Revolution 11-31 Specifying the Combined Profile of a Surface and a Line Tolerance xii Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASME Licensee=EB - Electric Boat - Loc 1/9993263100, User=Arnold, Sandra

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11-32 Profile of a Line and Size Control 11-33 Specifying Perpendicularity for a Radial Element of a Surface 11-34 Constrained Degree of Freedom Used With Profile of a Line 11-35 Composite Profile With Dynamic Profile to Control Form 11-36 Composite Profile With Dynamic Profile to Control Form and Constrain Rotational Degrees of

Freedom 11-37 Use of Dynamic Profile in a Two-Single-Segment Profile Tolerance 11-38 Dynamic Profile of a Surface of Revolution 12-1 Features Applicable to Runout Tolerancing 12-2 Specifying Circular Runout — Small Size Tolerance and Large Runout Tolerance 12-3 Specifying Circular Runout Relative to a Datum Axis 12-4 Total Runout Applied on a Cylinder and Referenced to a Datum Axis 12-5 Total Runout Applied on a Face Surface and Referenced to a Datum Axis 12-6 Size and Runout Tolerance Effects 12-7 Specifying Circular Runout Using a Large Size Tolerance and a Small Runout Tolerance . . . 296 12-8 Specifying Total Runout Using a Large Size Tolerance and a Small Runout Tolerance 12-9 Specifying Runout Relative to Two Cylindrical Datum Features 12-10 Specifying Runout to a Surface and Diameter 12-11 Specifying Runout Relative to Two Datum Diameters With Form Control Specified 12-12 Specifying Runout Relative to a Surface and Diameter With Form Control Specified 12-13 Total Runout Tolerance Applied to a Tangent Plane 12-14 Total Runout Tolerance Applied to a Tangent Plane With Alternate Method to Establish Datum

Axis 12-15 Surface Profile Tolerance Applied to a Tangent Plane 12-16 Runout Tolerance Applied on an Assembly I-1 Tolerance Accumulation I-2 Tolerance Accumulation Ambiguity A-1 Specifying Total Runout Relative to a Datum Diameter B-1 Floating Fasteners B-2 Fixed Fasteners B-3 Coaxial Features C-1 Form and Proportion of Datum Symbols C-2 Form and Proportion of Geometric Characteristic Symbols C-3 Form and Proportion of Geometric Dimensioning Symbols C-4 Form and Proportion of Modifying Symbols C-5 Form and Proportion of Dimensioning Symbols and Letters C-6 Comparison of Symbols C-7 Comparison of Other Symbols xiii Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASME Licensee=EB - Electric Boat - Loc 1/9993263100, User=Arnold, Sandra

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FOREWORD

This issue is a revision of ASME Y14.5-2009, Dimensioning and Tolerancing. The objectives for this revision are to correct any inconsistencies in the previous edition, to determine actions based on deferred comments from the review of theprevious edition’s draft, to includemodel-basedapplications inmanyof the example figures, and to addressproposals submitted by the public or members of the Subcommittee. Based on guidance from the Y14 Committee, the material formerly inSection1hasbeenreorganized intoSections1 through4, and the subsequentSectionshavebeenrenumbered.

Because of the widespread use of computer-aided design (CAD) and the industry transition toward reduced use of orthographic views for product definition, model views were added in many figures throughout the Standard. This is in part to ensure that this Standard is applicable to the use of dimensions and tolerances in models and model-based drawings. The methods of application in model views are currently defined in ASME Y14.41, but the meanings of the tolerances are defined in this Standard.

The Forewordof ASMEY14.5-2009pointed out the increasing importance for design tomoreprecisely state functional requirements through the use of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T), and not to rely on the less definitive methodof directly applied limit dimensions for form, orientation, location, andprofile of part features. This 2018 revision emphasizes the use of profile for location tolerances applied to surfaces; the use of plus and minus tolerances has been moved to an Appendix that is likely to be removed in the next revision.

With a focus on making the transition from the previous edition to this edition simple, no reversals of tolerancing concepts have beenmade. However, two past practices, use of concentricity and use of symmetry symbols, are no longer supported. Bothhavebeen eliminatedbecause other characteristics providemoredirect control of features and establish requirements that have a well-defined meaning. Deletion of the symbols does not leave industry without a means to control coaxial or symmetrical features, but it does eliminate the confusion that surrounds these symbols and their misapplication.

Text and figure editsweremade to improve readability and clarify content. Changes in sentence structure, organization of content, and method of illustration are not an indication of technical changes.

Workon this issue began at ameeting in Sarasota, Florida, inApril 2009.Numerousdeferred comments from thepublic review for the previous revision, as well as new proposals for revision and improvement from the Subcommittee and interested parties in the user community, were evaluated at subsequent semiannualmeetings. The first draft entered the review process after it was completed in August 2015. Additional technical improvements and numerous editorial changes were made based on the comments received.

A Nonmandatory Appendix provides information aboutmany of the updates in this edition of this Standard. One of the updates is an explicit statement that unless otherwise specified by drawing/model note or reference to a separate document, the as-designed dimension value does not establish a functional or manufacturing target. In addition, the term “true geometric counterpart” has replaced the term “theoretical datum feature simulator.” The use of the “true geometric counterpart” term is limited to datums.

This Standard is available for public review on a continuing basis. This provides an opportunity for additional public-review input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.

This revision was approved as an American National Standard on August 13, 2018.

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ASME Y14 COMMITTEE

Engineering Product Definition and Related Documentation

Practices

(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)

STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS

W. A. Kaba, Jr., Chair J. I. Miles, Vice Chair

F. Constantino, Secretary

STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

A. R. Anderson, Dimensional Dynamics, LLC F. Bakos, Consultant J. V. Burleigh, Unaffiliated F. Constantino, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers D. O. Coon, Bell Helicopter R. Courson, SAE International K. Dobert, Siemens PLM Software S. Hauger, Deere & Co.

J. B. Hoskins, Boeing Co.

J. Houck, Woodward, Inc.

R. C. Jensen, Hexagon Manufacturing Intelligence W. A. Kaba, Jr., Spirit AeroSystems, Inc.

A. Krulikowski, Krulikowski Consulting, LLC E. McCarthy, E. F. McCarthy Consulting, Inc.

P. J. McCuistion, Multimac J. D. Meadows, James D. Meadows & Associates, Inc.

M. E. Meloro, Northrop Grumman Corp.

J. I. Miles, Technical Consultants, Inc.

M. A. Murphy, Unaffiliated H. W. Oakes, USAF University of Dayton Research Institute B. A. Wilson, Consultant E. F. Zwettler, Rolls-Royce Corp.

K. E. Wiegandt, Contributing Member, Consultant

SUBCOMMITTEE 5 — DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING

B. A. Wilson, Chair, Consultant A. G. Neumann, Vice Chair, Technical Consultants, Inc.

M. E. Meloro, Secretary, Northrop Grumman Corp.

A. R. Anderson, Dimensional Dynamics, LLC G. Arnold, GE Appliances/Haier F. Bakos, Consultant R. Courson, SAE International D. E. Day, Tec-Ease, Inc.

K. Dobert, Siemens PLM Software P. J. Drake, Jr., MechSigma Consulting, Inc.

B. R. Fischer, TDP 360, LLC A. R. Gellings, Deere & Co.

R. C. Hughes, El Camino College R. C. Jensen, Hexagon Manufacturing Intelligence A. Krulikowski, Krulikowski Consulting, LLC

P. Mares, Boeing Co.

E. McCarthy, E. F. McCarthy Consulting, Inc.

P. J. McCuistion, Multimac M. A. Murphy, Unaffiliated D. W. Shepherd, Shepherd Industries P. C. Tillet, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division D. Watts, Validate-3D, LLC M. P. Wright, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co.

E. F. Zwettler, Rolls-Royce Corp.

Jichang Yu, Delegate, Standardization Administration of China D. O. Coon, Alternate, Bell Helicopter J. Houck, Alternate, Woodward, Inc.

N. W. Cutler, Contributing Member, Dimensional Management, Inc.

C. Houk, Contributing Member, Consultant J. D. Keith, Contributing Member, Consultant

SUBCOMMITTEE 5 — SUPPORT GROUP

G. Fisher, Rolls-Royce Corp.

M. Foster, Applied Geometrics, Inc.

J. D. Meadows, James D. Meadows & Associates, Inc.

P. Meadows, RCO Engineering, Inc.

J. I. Miles, Technical Consultants, Inc.

S. Neumann, Technical Consultants, Inc.

J. Scheibel, Boeing Co.

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CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE Y14 COMMITTEE

General. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions or a case, and attending Committee meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to:

Secretary, Y14 Standards Committee The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990 http://go.asme.org/Inquiry

Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically.

The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation.

Proposing a Case. Casesmay be issued to provide alternative rules when justified, to permit early implementation of an approved revision when the need is urgent, or to provide rules not covered by existing provisions. Cases are effective immediately upon ASME approval and shall be posted on the ASME Committee web page.

Requests for Cases shall provide a Statement of Need and Background Information. The request should identify the

Standard and the paragraph, figure, or table number(s), and be written as a Question and Reply in the same format as existing Cases. Requests for Cases should also indicate the applicable edition(s) of the Standard to which the proposed Case applies.

Attending Committee Meetings. The Y14 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings and/or telephone confer-ences that are open to the public. Personswishing to attend anymeeting and/or telephone conference should contact the Secretaryof theY14StandardsCommittee. FutureCommitteemeetingdates and locations canbe foundon theCommittee Page at http://go.asme.org/Y14committee.

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Section 1 Scope

1.1 INTRODUCTION

This Standard establishes symbols, rules, definitions, requirements, defaults, and recommended practices for stating and interpreting dimensioning, tolerancing, and related requirements for use on engineering drawings, modelsdefined indigitaldata files, and relateddocuments.

For a mathematical explanation of many of the principles in this Standard, see ASME Y14.5.1M. Additional uniform practices for applying dimensions, tolerances, and related requirements in digital data sets are defined in ASME Y14.41. Practices unique to architectural and civil engi-neering and welding symbology are not included in this Standard.

1.2 GENERAL

Sections 1 through 4 establish related references, defi-nitions, fundamental rules, and practices for general dimensioning. For tolerancing practices, see Sections 5 through 12. Additional information about tolerancing is in Mandatory Appendix I and Nonmandatory Appendices A through D.

1.3 REFERENCE TO THIS STANDARD

When engineering documentation is based on this Standard, this fact shall be noted on the documentation or in a referenced separate document. References to this Standard shall include the designation of ASME Y14.5- 2018.

1.4 ASME Y14 SERIES CONVENTIONS

The conventions in paras. 1.4.1 through 1.4.10 are used in this and other ASME Y14 standards.

1.4.1 Mandatory, Recommended, Guidance, and

Optional Words

(a) The word “shall” establishes a requirement.

(b) The word “will” establishes a declaration of purpose on the part of the design activity.

(c) The word “should” establishes a recommended practice.

(d) The word “may” establishes an allowed practice.

(e) The words “typical,” “example,” “for reference,” and the Latin abbreviation “e.g.” indicate suggestions given for guidance only.

(f) The word “or” used in conjunction with a require-ment or a recommended practice indicates that there are two or more options for complying with the stated requirement or practice.

(g) Thephrase “unlessotherwise specified” (UOS) shall be used to indicate a default requirement. The phrase is used when the default is a generally applied requirement and an exception may be provided by another document or requirement.

1.4.2 Cross-Reference of Standards

Cross-reference of standards in text with or without a date following the standard designator shall be inter-preted as follows:

(a) Reference to other ASME Y14 standards in the text without adate following the standarddesignator indicates that the issue of the standard identified in the References section (Section 2) shall be used to meet the requirement.

(b) Reference to other ASME Y14 standards in the text with a date following the standard designator indicates that only that issue of the standard shall be used to meet the requirement.

1.4.3 Invocation of Referenced Standards

The following examples define the invocation of a stan-dard when specified in the References section (Section 2) and referenced in the text of this Standard:

(a) When a referenced standard is cited in the textwith no limitations to a specific subject or paragraph(s) of the standard, the entire standard is invoked. For example, “Dimensioning and tolerancing shall be in accordance with ASME Y14.5” is invoking the complete standard because the subject of the standard is dimensioning and tolerancing and no specific subject or paragraph(s) within the standard are invoked.

(b) When a referenced standard is cited in the textwith limitations to a specific subject or paragraph(s) of the standard, only the paragraph(s) on that subject are invoked. For example, “Assign part or identifying numbers in accordance with ASME Y14.100” is only invoking the paragraph(s) on part or identifying numbers because the subject of the standard is

ASME Y14.5-2018

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(c) When a referenced standard is cited in the text without an invoking statement such as “in accordance with,” the standard is for guidance only. For example, “For gaging principles, see ASME Y14.43” is only for guid-ance and no portion of the standard is invoked.

1.4.4 Parentheses Following a Definition

When a definition is followed by a standard referenced in parentheses, the standard referenced in parentheses is the source for the definition.

1.4.5 Notes

Notes depicted in this Standard in ALL UPPERCASE letters are intended to reflect actual drawing or model entries. Notes depicted in initial uppercase or lowercase letters are to be considered supporting data to the contents of this Standard and are not intended for literal entry on drawings. A statement requiring the addi-tion of a note with the qualifier “such as” is a requirement to add a note, and the content of the text is allowed to vary to suit the application.

1.4.6 Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronyms and abbreviations are spelled out the first time used in this Standard, followed by the acronym or abbreviation in parentheses. The acronym is used there-after throughout the text.

1.4.7 Units

The International System of Units (SI) is featured in this Standard. It should be understood that U.S. Customary units could equally have been used without prejudice to the principles established. UOS, the unit for all dimen-sion values in this Standard is the millimeter.

1.4.8 Figures

The figures in this Standard are intended only as illus-trations to aid the user in understanding the practices described in the text. In some cases, figures show a level of detail as needed for emphasis. In other cases, figures are incomplete by intent so as to illustrate a concept or facet thereof. The absence of figure(s) has no bearing on the applicability of the stated requirements or practice. To comply with the requirements of this Standard, actual data sets shall meet the content require-ments set forth in the text. To assist the user of this Standard, a list of the paragraph(s) that refer to an illus-tration appears in the lower right-hand corner of each figure. This list may not be all-inclusive. The absence of a paragraph reference is not a reason to assume inap-plicability. Some figures are illustrations of models in a three-dimensional environment. The absence of dimen-sioningand tolerancingannotations inaviewmay indicate that the product definition is defined in three dimensions.

Dimensions that locate or orient and are not shown are considered basic and shall be queried to determine the intended requirement. When the letter “h” is used in figures for letter heights or for symbol proportions, select the applicable letter height in accordance with ASME Y14.2. Multiview drawings contained within figures are third angle projection.

1.4.9 Precedence of Standards

The following are ASME Y14 Standards that are basic engineering drawing standards:

ASMEY14.1, Decimal InchDrawing Sheet Size and Format ASME Y14.1M, Metric Drawing Sheet Size and Format ASME Y14.2, Line Conventions and Lettering ASME Y14.3, Orthographic and Pictorial Views ASME Y14.5, Dimensioning and Tolerancing ASME Y14.24, Types and Applications of Engineering Drawings

ASME Y14.34, Associated Lists ASME Y14.35, Revision of Engineering Drawings and Associated Documents

ASME Y14.36, Surface Texture Symbols ASME Y14.38, Abbreviations and Acronyms for Use on Drawings and Related Documents

ASME Y14.41, Digital Product Definition Data Practices ASME Y14.100, Engineering Drawing Practices

All other ASME Y14 standards are considered specialty typesof standards and contain additional requirements or make exceptions to the basic standards as required to support a process or type of drawing.

1.4.10 Use of an ASME Y14 Case

Where engineeringdocumentation is basedonanASME Y14 Case, this fact shall be noted on the documentation or in a referenced separate document.

1.5 DRAWINGS WITHOUT REFERENCE TO A

STANDARD

When a drawing is produced without a reference to a standard (company, regional, national, or international) or contractually imposed documents, the drawing shall be interpreted in accordance with ASME PDS-1.1–2013.

1.6 REFERENCE TO GAGING

This document is not intendedas a gaging standard. Any reference to gaging is included for explanatory purposes only . For gaging principles , see ASME Y14.43, Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles for Gages and Fixtures.

ASME Y14.5-2018

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1.7 SYMBOLS

Adoption of symbols indicating dimensional require-ments, as shown in Nonmandatory Appendix C, does not preclude the use of equivalent terms or abbreviations where symbology is considered inappropriate.

ASME Y14.5-2018

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Section 2 References

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The following revisions ofAmericanNational Standards form a part of this Standard to the extent specified herein.

A more recent revision may be used provided there is no conflict with the text of this Standard. In the event of a conflict between the text of this Standard and the refer-ences cited herein, the text of this Standard shall take precedence.

2.2 CITED STANDARDS

ANSI B4.2-1978 (R2009), PreferredMetric Limits and Fits ANSI B89.3.1-1972 (R2003), Measurement of Out-of- Roundness

ASME B1.1-2003 (R2008), Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form)

ASME B1.13M-2005 (R2015), Metric Screw Threads: M Profile

ASME B5.10-1994 (R2013), Machine Tapers — Self Holding and Steep Taper Series

ASME B46.1-2009, Surface Texture, Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay

ASME B89.6.2-1973 (R2017), Temperature and Humidity Environment for Dimensional Measurement

ASME B94.6-1984 (R2014), Knurling ASME B94.11M-1993, Twist Drills ASME PDS-1.1–2013, Dimensioning, Tolerancing, Surface Texture, and Metrology Standards — Rules for Drawings With Incomplete Reference to Applicable Drawing Standard

ASME Y14.1-2012, Decimal Inch Drawing Sheet Size and Format

ASME Y14.1M-2012, Metric Drawing…