Appendix_H_-_Draft_Manchester_Odor_Control_Plan.pdf

Appendix H

Manchester Landfill Odor Control Plan

41 Sequin Drive Glastonbury, CT 06033

T: 860.633.8770 F: 860.633.5971

DRAFT

ODOR CONTROL PLAN

MANCHESTER SANITARY LANDFILL

MANCESTER, CONNECTICUT

DECEMBER 2022

PREPARED FOR

The Town of Manchester 311 Olcott Street

Manchester, CT 06040

Odor Control Plan Manchester Sanitary Landfill

Draft: December 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Site Background 1

1.2 Regulatory Requirements and Landfill Gas (LFG) System 2

1.3 Facility Contacts 3

2.0 ODOR SOURCES AND ODOR POTENTIAL 3

2.1 Accepted Wastes 4

2.2 Landfill Gas 4

2.3 Leachate 4

2.4 Other Nearby Odor Sources 4

3.0 OPERATIONAL CONTROLS 5

3.1 Cover Operations 5

3.1.1 Cover Material Types 5

3.1.2 Application Thicknesses and Frequency 7

3.2 Leachate Seep Management 8

3.2.1 Leachate Seep Prevention 8

3.2.2 Leachate Seep Remediation 8

3.3 Biosolids (Sludge) Management 9

3.4 Grit and Screenings Management 11

3.5 Waste Excavation Activities 12

3.6 LFG Cleanout or Wellhead Replacement Activities 12

3.7 LFG Well Replacement Activities 12

4.0 LFG MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OPERATIONS 13

4.1 System Operation 13

4.2 Future LFG System Expansion 14

5.0 ODOR MONITORING 14

5.1 Operations Odor Monitoring 14

5.2 Surface Emission Monitoring 15

6.0 ODOR COMPLAINT AND RESPONSE PROGRAM 16

FIGURES

Figure 1 Site Location Map Figure 2 Cover Material Grain Size Analysis

SHEETS

Sheet 1 Area Plan Sheet 2 Site Map with Permitted Final Contours Sheet 3 Site Map with Proposed Final Contours

APPENDICES

Appendix A Landfill Odor Baseline and Awareness Appendix B Air Permits Appendix C Facility Contacts Appendix D O&M Manual for LFG System Appendix E Odor Patrol Log Appendix F Odor Complaint Response Form

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This Odor Control Plan has been developed to address odors generated at the Town of Manchester Sanitary Landfill. Recent improvements to the facility’s landfill gas (LFG) collection and control system are anticipated to alleviate many of these odor issues by capturing and destroying a higher percentage of the gas generated by the landfill. The goal of this Odor Control Plan is to provide proactive operational procedures to prevent, control, monitor, and address future odors.

1.1 Site Background

The Manchester Sanitary Landfill is located on a 190-acre parcel of land in the southwestern section of Manchester, Connecticut. The site is accessible from Olcott Street. The landfill currently covers approximately 66 acres of this parcel. It is located in and adjacent to a former impoundment that was part of the Hockanum River, formerly known as Laurel Lake. A site location map is presented on Figure 1.

The landfill is bounded to the north and west by the Hockanum River and to the northeast and east by Hop Brook. Wetlands are located to the north, south, and east of the landfill. The northern area of the landfill is bordered by the Hockanum River Water Pollution Control Facility. The eastern area of the landfill is bordered by the Town Highway/Fleet Maintenance Garage, vehicle and equipment wash bay, and fueling station. The southern area of the landfill is bordered by the former sewer sludge drying beds, the brush and clean wood management area, the leaf composting area, the Town transfer station, the regional household hazardous waste collection facility, the Public Works Building, and Botticello Brook. Several of these local land uses are also potential sources of odors. An area plan is presented on Sheet 1.

The Manchester Landfill has accepted waste, including municipal solid waste (MSW), since the 1950s.

The landfill ceased acceptance of MSW on January 1, 2000. The wastes currently being disposed of at the landfill consist of commercial and residential construction and demolition (C&D) debris, bulky waste, and certain Connecticut regulated special wastes, including contaminated soils and sediments, casting sands, sewage sludge, and sanitary sewer system solid residues (e.g., grit and screenings). Liquid wastes are not accepted at the landfill. When the Town stopped accepting MSW at the end of 1999 and remained open as a regional bulky waste disposal facility, it agreed to cap the landfill with a geomembrane at the time of closure.

The Manchester Sanitary Landfill is permitted to a maximum elevation of 250 feet above sea level and has a footprint of approximately 66 acres. A site plan showing the current and permitted final contours is presented as Sheet 2.

The landfill has active solid waste, groundwater discharge, stormwater discharge, air emissions, and Title V air permits from the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

(DEEP).

In addition, the Town has received authorization from the DEEP that would allow the construction of a mechanically-stabilized earthen berm around the sections of the landfill and overfill of the landfill slopes with additional wastes. This proposed permit modification does not increase the horizontal footprint or maximum elevation of the existing landfill. A site plan showing the proposed wall location and proposed final contours is presented as Sheet 3.

An operation and management plan (O&M Plan) has been developed and implemented as part of the permit documents. The goal of the O&M Plan is to provide for the orderly development, filling, and closure of the landfill in accordance with the State’s solid waste management regulations and sound operational practices. This Odor Control Plan should be implemented in concert with the O&M Plan to effectively limit, monitor, and control odors generated by landfill operations.

1.2 Regulatory Requirements and Landfill Gas (LFG) System

The landfill has a design capacity greater than 2.5 million megagrams by mass and 2.5 million cubic meters by volume. Thus, it is subject to 40 CFR Part 60 Subpart WWW – Standards of Performance for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills and 40 CFR Part 70 or 71. The Manchester Landfill is not otherwise subject to Part 70 or 71. The non-methane organic compound (NMOC) generation rate from the landfill is currently less than 50 megagrams per year; therefore a LFG collection and control system is not required by 40 CFR Part 60 Subpart WWW. The facility is a non-major source based on the site specific NMOC generation rate, emission estimates and major source thresholds.

The premise is considered a Title V source pursuant to RCSA §22a-174-33(a)(10)(A). Section V(D) of the facility’s DEEP Title V Operating Permit states: The Permittee shall not cause or permit the emission of any substance or combination of substances which creates or contributes to an odor that constitutes a nuisance beyond the property boundary of the premises as set forth in RCSA §22a-174-23.

The Town of Manchester Landfill voluntarily installed an LFG collection and control system in 2001 to control odors from the facility. The Town was issued DEEP New Source Review (NSR) air emissions Permit No. 097-0114 for the LFG collection and odor control system. This permit also calls for compliance with state odor regulations set forth in RCSA §22a-174-23.

Copies of the landfill’s current air emissions permits are presented in Appendix B.

In 2018, a comprehensive LFG system improvement project was implemented to repair and replace the system installed in 20021. The system was designed to increase the horizontal and vertical LFG collection zones within the landfill. The new system included the installation of 42 new LFG extraction wells, connection of three existing LFG extraction wells to the new header, new lateral piping, a new header system with condensate traps and shut-off valves, and a redundant blower. This system tied into the existing flare station, condensate tank, and condensate pumping system. The “new” LFG system was fully connected and functional as of February 2019. The enclosed flare station is located to the north of the landfill.

1.3 Facility Contacts

The main telephone number for the Manchester Landfill is (860) 647-3200.

In addition, the Town of Manchester has established an Odor Complaints Hotline for residents to call in and report odors. The phone number for the odor complaints hotline is (860) 647-3257.

Contact information for key managers of the landfill, including the Director of Public Works, can be located in Appendix C.

2.0 ODOR SOURCES AND ODOR POTENTIAL

2.1 Accepted Wastes

The Manchester Sanitary Landfill currently accepts the following wastes: oversize municipal solid waste (OMSW), processed and unprocessed construction and demolition debris (C&D), bulky waste, sewage sludge (biosolids), petroleum-contaminated soils, catch basin cleanings and street sweepings, grit and screenings from the Hockanum River wastewater treatment plant in Town, and composted materials.

Each waste product contributes to varying amounts of odors at the landfill.

Oversized municipal solid waste includes large household wastes such as rugs, carpets, sofas, and other furniture. As this waste decays over time, gases such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan are released and may contribute to nuisance odors.

C&D includes construction and demolition debris and the materials classified as such include similar materials (sheetrock, scrap wood, siding, shingles, etc.) As regulated in Connecticut, bulky waste includes land clearing (stumps, trees, brush, etc.) as well as demolition debris. These types of wastes may have greater impacts on odors released from the landfill than OMSW due to the gypsum in sheetrock reacting with water and releasing elevated amounts of H2S. In addition, as time goes by, the landfill is accepting more quantities of processed C&D wastes from commercial volume reduction facilities. The wastes received tend have been ground or crushed which produces smaller particle sizes and larger surface areas. More odors tend to be generated due to the larger surface areas of these wastes.

Biosolids (i.e., sludge) accepted at the landfill from the adjacent Hockanum River Water Pollution Control Facility are a significant contributing factor to nuisance odors emanating from the landfill. The Manchester Landfill is permitted to take in these biosolids if they are determined to be non-hazardous, are not considered a liquid waste, and originate from an authorized generator. The Town typically receives one to two 30 cubic yard load of sewage sludge each day. Odor issues arise when these biosolids are exposed to air and release a distinct sewage odor that impacts adjacent areas to the landfill. The wastewater treatment plant has been working to develop procedures that limit odors from the sludge and transportation and disposal of the sludge at the landfill.

Wastewater treatment plant and sanitary sewer solid residues, (i.e., grit and screenings) are accepted at the landfill from the Town of Manchester. Grit and screenings from wastewater treatment plants and sanitary sewer collection systems outside of the Town of Manchester are no longer accepted at the landfill. These materials may consist of large solids (typically larger than ½-inch) screened from sections of sanitary sewers and piping systems and grit. Screenings may include branches, rags, and other larger particles generated at bar screens or trash racks. Grit can be composed of a wide range of materials including sand, gravel, cinders, eggshells seeds, coffee grounds, and food wastes. These items contribute to sewage odors at the site, particularly when initially tipped.

Petroleum-contaminated soils accepted by the Manchester Sanitary Landfill may produce oil or solvent-like odors and emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. These soils are considered to be a small to moderate source of potential odors.

2.2 Landfill Gas

Landfill gas is produced due to the natural decomposition of wastes in the anaerobic environment of the landfill. As previously discussed, landfill gas is primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide, but it also contains trace concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds, like H2S and methyl mercaptan, reduced nitrogen compounds, reduced phosphorous compounds, VOCs, and fatty acids. Landfill gas is lighter than air and will migrate through the layers of wastes and cover material to the atmosphere.

Landfill gas can be a significant source of odors.

2.3 Leachate

In addition to the wastes received and degrading at the landfill, leachate seeps on or near the landfill can be a source of strong, localized odors. Leachate is water that has come into contact with solid wastes and have extracted dissolved or suspended materials from the waste. The water may be from precipitation percolating through the landfill’s cover material and landfilled wastes, from the moisture content of the wastes itself, or a byproduct of the waste decomposition process. When the leachate reaches a point in or near the toe of slope of the landfill where it cannot percolate vertically, it will migrate sideways and daylight or seep out of the bank. Leachate seeps may be temporary or persistent.

Leachate seeps can be a significant source of odor.

2.4 Other Nearby Odor Sources

Other sources of odors in the area include the leaf composting facility, the water pollution control facility, and wetlands associated with the Hockanum River, Hop Brook, and Botticello Brook.

The area previously used for the former sewer sludge drying beds located southeast of the landfill, is currently used for as the Town’s compost facility. Composting operations can contribute to anerobic odors including reduced sulfide compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide. When composting material is not aerated, these anerobic odors may persist. At this time, the compost facility does not appear to be a significant contributing factor to odor issues at the site.

The Hockanum River Water Pollution Control Facility is located immediately to the north of the landfill on the same parcel. The facility was recently upgraded. Biosolids are generated throughout the day; they accumulate in rolloff containers inside one of the buildings. The water pollution control facility is considered to be a moderate to significant potential source of odors depending on the day.

Swampy lowland areas near the surface water bodies can lead to the production of “swamp gas”. The natural decomposition of organic materials in these areas can produce reduced sulfur compounds, similar to those created by decomposition in a landfill. The wetlands are considered to be a small to moderate potential odor source.

3.0 OPERATIONAL CONTROLS

The landfill should be operated in manner to limit odor generation where possible and to control those odors that cannot be avoided at the source. The two best ways to control odors are the effective use of cover material and operation of the LFG collection and destruction system. The operation of the LFG management system is discussed in Section 5 of this Odor Control Plan and the O&M Manual for the LFG system is presented in Appendix D. Other methods of controlling odors will also be discussed in this section.

3.1 Cover Operations

To limit the potential for nuisance odors impacting surrounding areas of the landfill, proper cover operation procedures must be followed. Cover material is used to prevent waste exposure and limit the infiltration of precipitation. Wastes may be exposed because they have recently been unloaded and have not yet been covered or they may become exposed when cover material erodes or washes off. Excess infiltration of precipitation increases leachate generation within the landfill and creates leachate seeps, which when exposed to the atmosphere, release nuisance odors to surrounding areas. Increased leachate within the landfill increases LFG generation rates. By following proper cover operations, precipitation will be shed off of the landfill surface as stormwater, rather than infiltrating and becoming leachate.

In addition, cover materials act as a barrier limiting the escape of landfill gas and H2S to the atmosphere.

Impervious materials are able to seal off odors, preventing migration of LFG offsite and directing it to the LFG collection system for capture and combustion.

3.1.1 Cover Material Types

Good cover material is important to the operation of a landfill. It must have a low permeability so as to shed rainwater, limit infiltration of precipitation into the landfill, and prevent LFG from migrating out of the landfill, but it also must be adequately sized to be able to stay in place on steep landfill side slopes without eroding. The definitions section of the DEEP’s solid waste management regulations require that daily/weekly, intermediate, and final cover material meet specific textural requirements. The material must, by regulation, be classified as one of the following soil types as determined by the Unified Soil Classification System:

• GM – silty gravels,

• GC – clayey gravels,

• SM – silty sands,

• SC – clayey sands,

• ML – inorganic silts, fine sands, rock flour and silty or clayey sands with slight plasticity.

The DEEP has prepared an acceptable grain-size distribution chart for cover materials; a copy of that chart is presented in Figure 2.

In general, proper soil used for cover material must:

• Contain no particles greater than three inches in diameter. Ideally, all particles larger than 1 or 2 inches would be screened out of cover material. Larger particles allow more infiltration and leachate generation.

• Contain more than 85% percent soils that pass the No. 4 U.S. Standard Sieve (less than ¼”, coarse sand or finer).

• Contain between 20 and 85% soils that pass the No. 40 U. S. Standard Sieve (fine sand or finer).

• Contain between 12% and 50% percent soils that pass the No. 200 U.S. Standard Sieve (silts and clays). The No. 200 sieve is the smallest particle size that can be picked out with the naked eye. Soils with more than 50% passing the No. 200 sieve are too fine-grained, are difficult (i.e., “greasy”) to work with, and easily wash off side slopes. Soils with less than 12% passing the No.

200 sieve are too permeable, may wash off side slopes because they don’t stick together well, and allow too much infiltration.

As a practical rule of thumb, you should be able to squeeze a handful of cover material in the field and have it basically retained its shape when released.

The following measures are recommended:

• Ensure that all soil materials used as cover material at the Manchester Sanitary Landfill, including petroleum-contaminated soils accepted for reuse, meet these grain size requirements.

Materials that are too fine or too coarse or contain large rocks or boulders need to be screened and/or mixed in order to meet an appropriate grain size for reuse at the landfill.

• Consider purchasing acceptable cover material when soils that meet the grain size requirements are in short supply.

• Wherever possible, require incoming soils to be used as cover material to be screened and/or mixed to meet the cover material specification before acceptance at the landfill. If the incoming soils do not meet the requirements, consider treating contaminated soils as waste and not as a cover material resource. The Town may want to consider higher tip fees to manage these incoming materials.

• Evaluate the costs of utilizing Town staff and equipment to perform screening and/or mixing of cover material on the top of the landfill.

3.1.2 Application Thickness and Frequency

Daily cover shall consist of six inches of compacted cover material. Daily cover material shall be applied over loads of biosolids, and wastewater treatment plant solid residues (grits and screenings). Prior to the landfill ceasing to accept MSW in 2000, daily cover was required everywhere.

Weekly cover shall also consist of six inches of compacted cover material. Weekly cover material shall be applied over all wastes tipped at the working face and landfill cells.

Intermediate cover shall consist of an additional six inches of compacted cover material, for a total of 12 inches over landfilled wastes, in areas where no additional fill placement is anticipated for nine months or more. Intermediate cover material shall also include seeding to establish temporary vegetation. The purpose of this intermediate cover layer is to further control vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, scavenging, and erosion. Vegetation is an important component of intermediate cover as it limits the potential for erosion of side slopes; erosion can lead to leachate generation, waste exposure, and odors.

Vegetative cover also reduces infiltration because it increases evapotranspiration, particularly in summer months. A layer of topsoil may be needed to promote vegetative growth on intermediate cover areas.

The upper six inches of intermediate cover material can be scraped off and re-used when the next layer of fill is scheduled to be placed in an area. This cover material should be stockpiled near the working face for reuse as daily or weekly cover material.

Final cover shall consist of a total of 18 to 20 inches of cover compacted material and four to six inches of topsoil over landfilled wastes. As the Town has agreed to close the landfill with a geomembrane cap, 24 inches of final cover are not required at this time.

The following measures are recommended:

• Ensure that acceptable cover material is applied weekly over the entire landfill filling area in a layer at least six inches thick.

• Apply an additional six inches of intermediate cover material and establish vegetation on all landfill areas that will not receive the next layer of fill for at least nine months.

• Check all slopes below elevation 160 for cover thickness and vegetation. These slopes should have intermediate cover in place. Slopes with less than 12 inches of cover should have additional cover material applied to limit odors associated with LFG migration and infiltration that may lead to leachate seeps. These slopes should be planted, as necessary, to establish temporary vegetation. Slopes with cover that appears to be too sandy should be covered with a tighter material, particularly from the access road up onto the landfill to the area uphill from where Thrall Road turns towards the treatment.

3.2 Leachate Seep Management

Leachate seeps tend to be the source of very strong, localized odors. However, these odors may accumulate and have a larger impact downwind than they do at any one area on the landfill.

Additionally, unaddressed leachate seeps may be washed downhill during rain events with stormwater runoff and lead to odors in areas where they did not previously exist.

3.2.1 Leachate Seep Prevention

Proper operation of the landfill’s filling and covering operations are the most effective way to prevent leachate generation. The following procedures are recommended:

• Do not accept liquid or excessive wet wastes.

• Apply at least six inches of cover material over loads of Hockanum River Water Pollution

Control Facility biosolids every day.

• Apply six inches of cover material are applied over landfilled wastes at least weekly.

• Apply intermediate cover material over all outer side slopes as soon as they have been filled, and plant.

• Tip loads of biosolids and grit and screenings on the inside of the landfill, not near the outer slope.

• Grade the flatter areas of the landfill to more than 4% to shed water off of the landform.

• Limit low spots, ponding, and the percolation of ponded waters. Fill these areas in with wastes and cover material, or just cover material, as soon as they are noted.

• Remove snow from the flatter sections of the landfill to reduce infiltration of meltwater.

• Maintain landfill slopes at 3H:1V (horizontal to vertical) or less to limit the potential for erosion.

• Identify areas subject to erosion as repair as quickly as possible. Erosion rills can quickly become erosion gullies and then washouts if left unattended/repaired. Erosion leads to increased odors when wastes become exposed if the cover material has washed away and by providing a direct pathway for precipitation and/or stormwater runoff to infiltrate directly into the landfill.

Erosion repairs are a two-step process:

o First - fill in the eroded areas with good cover material and reseed to establish vegetation.

o Second - identify the condition that caused the concentrated flow of runoff and subsequent erosion and re-direct the runoff so that the erosion will not be repeated. This is an area where landfill operations have room for improvement. The landfill’s consultant is currently evaluating methods to reduce concentrated stormwater runoff and erosion on side slopes.

Once finalized, these measures should be implemented.

• Mow or cut vegetation, particularly woody vegetation, once per year. LFG can choke the roots of brushy vegetation and trees growing on a landfill. The trees tend to get week and fall over, roots and all. Often times, wastes will be exposed when trees fall over leading to increased odors and a direct pathway for precipitation and/or stormwater runoff to infiltrate directly into the landfill. This increases leachate generation.

• Remove old access roads on the landfill before adding subsequent layers of fill. Access roads need to provide all-weather access to the working face. They are often constructed from crushed concrete, millings, or other materials that perform a thick low permeability barrier to infiltration. Heavy truck and equipment traffic make these impermeable layers even tighter. If not removed before the next layer of fill is placed, water percolating through the upper waste layers will be forced to make horizontally rather than vertically, and push through the cover material on the side slopes to become leachate seeps.

3.2.2 Leachate Seep Remediation

When a leachate seep has been identified, it should be remediated as soon as possible. Delays will lead to more persistent odors.

When a small area of leachate staining or a slight weep is identified, the following procedures are recommended:

• Cover the area of staining or weeping with 6 to 12 inches of cover material.

• Re-inspect the area within 48 hours and after the next rain event to evaluate the effectiveness of the remedial actions.

• Take additional measures if necessary.

When a larger area of leachate weeping or a flowing leachate seep is identified, the following procedures are recommended:

• Install a French drain to re-introduce the leachate back to the subsurface. This is accomplished by:

o Excavating the seep and following it back to its source or to a point where it is well inside the landfill and unlikely to seep back out. The excavated materials will likely contain partially decomposed wastes and by causing substantial odors. These materials should be transported to the working face and covered immediately.

o Filling the excavation with clean, washed stone or crushed concrete to keep the leachate in the subsurface. Clean, washed stone is very important so that the drain does not become clogged with fine-grained materials.

o Covering the stone with silt fence or other geosynthetic material to separate keep it from getting clogged with fine-grained materials.

o Covering the stone and geosynthetic with cover material to control infiltration and limit LFG migration to the atmosphere, and planting as appropriate.

• Re-inspect the area within 48 hours and after the next rain event to evaluate the effectiveness of the remedial actions.

• Take additional remedial measures if necessary.

• Do not install French drains deeper than a few feet within 25 feet of an LFG extraction well.

• Exercise caution so that leachate is never directed to surface drainage swales or piping, so that it does not direct discharge to nearby surface water bodies or wetlands.

At least two operators, one with an excavator or backhoe and one to transport materials to the site and apply cover material, will be required for the repair of a significant leachate seep.

3.3 Biosolids (Sludge) Management

The landfill receives one to two (typically two) 30-cubic yard roll-off truckloads of biosolids at the landfill each day. The loads are generally received in the morning. Acceptance of these loads leads to short-term, strong, offensive odors at the landfill and offsite. Many of the odor complaints received at the facility have been described as “like dirty diapers”. After the LFG system improvements, the odors from sludge disposal have the potential to be the most intense and offensive generated at the landfill.

To manage these acute odors, the landfill operators were previously excavating temporary disposal trenches at the working face, tipping the sludge loads into the trenches, and quickly covering the trenches with wastes and cover material. This procedure took two staff members to complete, one in the excavator to excavate the disposal trenches and then operators in both the excavator and a dozer to cover with wastes and cover material. This procedure limited tracking of biosolids via haul vehicles and equipment onto on- and off-site roadways, thereby limiting the spread of odors, too. The timely application of cover material limited odor migration and rainwater washing biosolids away from the working face.

The following measures are recommended:

• Re-implement the practice of excavating a sludge disposal trench in the working face and tipping incoming loads of biosolids in the trench. Do not excavate the trenches more than 20 minutes before receipt of the first load.

• Cover the tipped loads immediately with six inches of acceptable daily cover material!

• Ensure that the excavator, a dozer, two operators, and a supply of cover material are available and stationed at the working face when the biosolids are being delivered.

• Excavate the disposal trenches on the inside edge of the working face, away from the outer slopes, to limit the potential for future sludge / leachate outbreaks.

• Schedule delivery of biosolids loads for the late morning or early afternoon when weather conditions may be more conducive to odor dilution and when wastes received during the day is available for excavating the disposal trenches and covering the biosolids.

• Manage the width of the working face each day so that it is at least 50 feet long each day to prevent overlap of the disposal trenches. At times when the incoming amount of wastes are low, the width of the working face should be reduced.

• Manage contracts with landfill customers, primarily volume reduction facilities, so that waste flow will be as consistent as possible. Waste generation varies seasonally and with market conditions. Future Town contract with volume reduction facilities, which generate a substantial quantity of C&D wastes, should include consideration for waste flow rates.

• Sweep all paved landfill access roads at least twice per week. Utilize a sweeper that will wet the roads and sweep up any solids for disposal at the landfill. This will reduce odors associated with biosolids tracked across the site.

• Ensure that the sludge collection containers are stored inside and that the overhead door is kept closed at all times at the wastewater treatment plan.

• Do not stage or store sludge collection containers at the Hockanum River Water Pollution Control Facility or the Manchester Sanitary Landfill.

• Consider requiring the sludge collection container at the water pollution control facility to be lined and sealed prior to disposal. Lined roll-offs will limit dispersion of biosolids upon dumping, limiting release of odors into the atmosphere. In addition, upon disposal of sewage sludge, liners will slide off the back of the truck and into the cell preventing any residual sludge from being trailed off the back of the truck along the haul road and away from the landfill premises. Plastic liners can be purchased for less than $100 per rolloff and can significantly reduce odor potential at the treatment plant, during transport, and at the landfill.

• Evaluate and fully implement a sludge treatment process at the water pollution control facility to limit the odor potential of these biosolids before they leave that facility. The addition of sodium permanganate, lime, or other chemical process should be evaluated and implemented to limit odors.

• Schedule bi-monthly management meetings with wastewater treatment and landfill personnel to ensure open communication between the departments who both have responsibility for sludge management and its odor control. Discussion topics should include changes in sludge generation (composition and quantity), the status of sludge treatment at the source to control odors, sludge storage procedures, disposal timing, landfilling covering operations, sludge-related odor complaints and follow-up, the need for masking agents at either site, and overall impacts on sludge related odors.

3.4 Grit and Screenings Management

The landfill accepts grit and screenings from the Hockanum River Water Pollution Control Facility.

Odor levels and odor potential from these materials vary. These materials should be managed in the same manner as the biosolids. The following procedures are recommended:

• Do not accept any wet wastes containing free-draining liquids. The landfill is not permitted to accept liquid wastes. The generator should be required to decant, solidify, or otherwise dry out these materials before delivering to the landfill.

• Schedule deliveries in advance so that the landfill personnel (two minimum) equipment (excavator and dozer), and cover material are staged and ready.

• Require the grit and screenings transport containers to be lined and sealed prior to disposal.

• Do not excavate the trenches more than 20 minutes before the load is received.

• Cover the tipped loads immediately with six inches of acceptable daily cover material!

• Excavate the disposal trenches on the inside edge of the working face, away from the outer slopes, to limit the potential for future sludge / leachate outbreaks.

• Schedule delivery for the late morning or early afternoon.

3.5 Waste Excavation Activities

Excavating waste activities should be very limited, however, there may be a need to excavate wastes to repair leachate seepage, install horizontal LFG collection trenches, or for other operational reasons.

During the construction of the MSE berm wall, buried wastes will be excavated and re-landfilled at the working face. Odors will be generated when wastes are excavated.

If odors are encountered, the most appropriate course of action should be determined based on the location of the odor. During the initial excavation, particular attention should be given to determining if there are excessive odors during the excavation operation themselves. If odors do occur during excavation, the following procedures are recommended:

• Grade cut slope to 3H:1V and cover with earthen material;

• Use of alternative clean daily cover such as Posi-Shell; and

• Limit excavations to periods of favorable (dry windy) atmospheric conditions.

If odors are encountered during placement of the material, a contingency would include limiting the amount of stockpiled material to the amount that can be used immediately.

No waste excavation areas shall be left uncovered overnight. All areas shall be covered with a minimum of six inches of cover material each day. Any buried wastes excavated shall not be left uncovered overnight. The wastes shall be transferred to the working face and covered at the end of each operating day, or more frequently if needed.

If this odor control contingency is not sufficient, additional contingencies, such as use of chemical odor control agents could also be used, subject to further evaluation of effectiveness.

3.6 LFG Cleanout or Wellhead Replacements Activities

LFG system cleanout and replacement of extraction wellheads can lead to odors as sections of the LFG system will be exposed to the atmosphere. The following procedures are recommended:

• Schedule clean out or w e l l h e a d replacement procedures when meteorological conditions are not still and wind direction is away from residences.

• Notify neighboring property owners so they understand that there may be a temporary increase in odor.

• Consider operating a fogging machine with a counteractant or masking agent to alter the hedonic tone (relative pleasantness) of the odor, weather permitting. Over a short period of time, pine scent could be used to mask the objectionable odors.

3.7 LFG Well Replacement Activities

If an LFG well needs to be repaired or replaced, significant odors can be generated during drilling and construction activities. The following procedures are recommended:

• Notify neighboring property owners so they understand that there may be a temporary increase in odor.

• Immediately transport drilling spoils, wastes and soils, to the working face and cover daily.

• Do not leave any holes or trenches uncovered and open overnight.

• Consider operating a fogging machine with a counteractant or masking agent to alter the hedonic tone (relative pleasantness) of the odor, weather permitting. Over a short period of time, pine scent could be used to mask the objectionable odors.

4.0 LFG MANGEMENT SYSTEM OPERATION

LFG generated at Manchester Sanitary Landfill is extracted and destructed using the LFG system, which is maintained and operated to minimize fugitive emissions from the landfill that may cause odors. Changes in the gas system will change the odor baseline so proper balancing and general scanning for issue is paramount to minimizing odor.

4.1 System Operation

The Town of Manchester will continue to operate the LFG collection and control system in order to maximize odor control. The system was recently upgraded to increase the volume of the landfill where LFG is collected by installing new LFG extraction wells with longer screened intervals, to provide for new LFG laterals and header system, to upgrade the control equipment at the enclosed flare, and provide for a redundant blower. All sections of the LFG improvements have been installed and are operational.

The LFG wells are being balanced and the system is in the process of being tuned to optimize collection and destruction efficiency.

A detailed O&M Plan for the LFG management system is presented in Appendix D. The system shall be operated in accordance with all state and federal regulations and the facility’s New Source Review (air emissions) and Title V permits.

The Town should perform the following activities on a routine basis to maintain, operate, and monitor the GCCS and identify potential odor sources:

• Inspect the flare s tack multiple times per week or monitor performance remotely to ensure that it operates continuously.

• Maintain and extend LFG extraction wells as needed to ensure continued performance. Monitor liquid levels in the wells, as necessary, to determine if pumps should be installed. Wells should be pumped when more than a third of the screened interval is full of liquid. LFG cannot be extracted from LFG well screens that are full of liquid.

• Monitor LFG composition, vacuum, and flow monthly at each LFG extraction well. Adjust flow rates to optimize LFG collection and minimize air intrusion into the collection system.

• Tune the LFG wellfield monthly to optimize LFG collection rates.

• Monitor flow and vacuum in the LFG collection header system.

• Inspect the flare, igniter, flame, blowers, valves, condensate tank, and flare enclosure monthly for proper operation and maintenance items.

• Inspect the condensate traps and pumps monthly for proper operation and maintenance items.

• Monitor surface emissions on the landfill surface quarterly for evidence of LFG migration through the landfill cover. Apply additional cover material as necessary.

• Inspect the surface of the landfill quarterly for evidence of “gas stained” cover soils, dead or dying vegetation, cracks, and LFG odors.

• Perform all repairs and routine (preventative) maintenance in a timely manner and in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

4.2 Future LFG System Expansion

Once the well field has been balanced and the LFG system has been tuned, its overall performance will be evaluated. Additional LFG extraction wells or horizontal LFG collection trenches may be installed in the future to enhance LFG collection.

Horizontal collection trenches will need to be installed at the time of waste placement in a cell, but should not be connected to the LFG header collection system until 20 to 30 feet of waste has been placed on top of them. This will prevent air intrusion into the LFG system.

5.0 ODOR MONITORING

5.1 Operations Odor Monitoring

Landfill operating staff and the landfill working foreman will monitor odors as part of their daily work on and around the landfill. Odor monitoring will occur all day as part of normal operations, with particular attention paid during the morning hours when odors may have accumulated overnight.

When odors are detected, a description of the odor character and intensity, and the location noted should be noted. If odors are consistently detected, the Town may want to rent or purchase an H2S meter to more objectively quantify odors.

If significant odors are detected, an Odor Patrol Log may be completed. A copy of the Odor Patrol Log template is included in Appendix E. This information will help establish the areas of the landfill that have a higher odor potential, based on both landfill activity and meteorological conditions.

The landfill should record the following information on days when Odor Patrol Logs are completed:

• Wind speed and direction

• Weather observations (cloud cover, precipitation, haze, etc.)

• Landfill activity.

If s ign i f i c ant odor and/or H2S levels are found, a systematic investigation for areas of excessive LFG emissions (“hotspots”) of the landfill should be conducted. Likely hotspots include leachate seeps, surface cracks, areas of erosion, areas of inadequate cover material, and problems with the LFG management system.

Investigations for the odor source should commence right away. The survey should be conducted by systematically traversing the landfill. The odor source may be obvious or it may require an investigation over several days under different meteorological conditions to locate t h e potential o d o r sources.

Once a hotspot has been identified and characterized, a control measure or remediation strategy should be implemented.

The odor surveyor should evaluate odors detected, meteorological and prevailing wind conditions, and anticipate potential complaints from that directions. In this way, if a complaint is received, the Town can state that they are aware of the odor, that they have identified or are working to identify the source, and that they have acted or will be acting to address the source of the odors.

5.2 Surface Emission Monitoring

Surface emissions monitoring is required by the landfill’s air permits and local and federal regulations.

According to Section III(A)(11)(iii) of the Title V Permit, “The Permittee shall monitor landfill surface methane concentrations quarterly for all active portions of the landfill. Inactive portions of the landfill shall be monitored annually if initial methane concentration monitoring of the inactive areas indicates all corresponding methane levels are below 100 ppmv, above background.”

Although the permit requires annual monitoring for inactive sections of the landfill with methane levels below 100 ppmv above background, it is recommended that the Town of Manchester conduct quarterly surface emissions monitoring on all inactive sections of the landfill to broaden the monitoring area.

Standard procedure for surface emissions monitoring is to measure the fugitive emission (methane) with a flame ionization detector (FID) on a 30-meter grid approximately two to four inches above the ground. During the monitoring event, the technician will observe the surface on either side of the monitoring routes, looking for areas of distressed vegetation, as well as cracks or seeps in the cover material. Methane concentrations will be measured at any area indicating distressed vegetation.

The surface emissions monitoring data will be used to identify areas of the landfill where the LFG system needs to be adjusted, where additional cover material is needed, or where engineered improvements (such as a new LFG extraction well) are required. Any exceedance of the 500 ppmv threshold will be documented and included in the monitoring reports.

The operational standard for “fugitive” methane based on the NSPS is 500 parts per million (“ppm”) above the “background” concentration. The Town will document and perform corrective measures when surface emissions readings indicate an exceedance of the 500 ppmv methane threshold. For exceedance areas, landfill personnel will be notified and the cover in the area will be evaluated and repaired.

All locations exceeding 500 ppmv above background in any round of methane monitoring shall be re-monitored within 10 days with an increase to monthly monitoring thereafter. This surface emissions monitoring schedule will continue until the methane concentration at such location falls below 500 ppmv above background during subsequent monitoring, at which point the frequency of monitoring will revert to quarterly.

6.0 ODOR COMPLAINT AND RESPONSE PROGRAM

The Town of Manchester has established a hotline in which all odor complaints are to be channeled.

The hotline number is (860) 647-3257. This number should be readily findable on the Town’s website and the facility’s entrance sign.

Whenever an odor complaint is received, an Odor Compliant Response Form shall be completed by a landfill staff member trained in these odor complaint response procedures. A copy of an Odor Complaint Response Form is presented in Appendix F.

The following procedure will be employed so that the complaint can be documented and addressed in a timely manner:

1) Information to be obtained from the caller, when available, will include name, address, telephone number, date, time, and location of complaint. In addition, the nature of complaint should be recorded. If an odor was reported during the most recent odor patrol, then the information will be transmitted to the caller.

2) The odor response team member that receives the complaint will complete the Odor Complaint Response Form, which includes the above-mentioned information. The complaint will also be logged in an Odor Complaint Response Database created in Excel and maintained by the odor responders. The database will include the following information: date, time, name of complainant, brief description of the nature of complaint, and weather conditions.

3) Upon receiving the complaint, the designated odor response team member will perform a site visit to the location of the complaint within two hours if the call was received during normal landfill operating hours and the next business morning if the call was received outside of normal landfill operating hours.

4) The odor responder should identify the odor character, intensity, duration, and frequency.

Word descriptors assigned to these concentrations are: no odor, very faint, faint, moderate, strong, and very strong. To provide for a less subjective quantitative odor determination, the Town may wish to train personnel in the odor intensity procedures specified in ASTM E544 Static-Scale Method. Utilizing this ASTM method should provide more accurate and consistent odor intensity evaluations.

5) The odor responder should document any off-site odors, including their location, strength, and character. The odor responder will attempt to identify the likely source of the odor based on current weather conditions and odor character.

6) At the conclusion of the investigation, the designated odor response team member will complete the response section of the Odor Complaint Response Form.

Members of The Town of Manchester’s odor response team should be trained in the above procedure.

If an odor is determined to be attributed to the landfill, landfill personnel should undertake corrective actions as necessary to alleviate the source of the odor.

SITE LOCATION

4 1 S e q u i n D r i v e G l a s t o n b u r y , C T 0 6 0 3 3 P h o n e : ( 8 6 0 ) 6 3 3 - 8 7 7 0

F a x : ( 8 6 0 ) 6 3 3 - 5 9 7 1

SITE LOCATION MAP

MANCHESTER SANITARY LANDFILL

MANCHESTER, CONNECTICUT

QUAD # 38

MANCHESTER, CT

USGS TOPO

² 0 2,000 4,000 6,0001,000 Feet

185-77 FEB 2018

PROJECT DATE

FIGURE

842000

843000

843500

842500

842500

842000

843000

843500

SCALE: 1"= 100'

100 100 200 300 400

NOT RELEASED FOR CONSTRUCTION

Civil Engineering Land Surveying

PROJ. ENGINEER

PROJ. MANAGER

OFFICE REVIEW

PROJECT DATE

KRG

DSA

MNB

REVISIONS

SCALE: 1" =100'

LANDFILL WAY

PREPARED FOR

TOWN OF MANCHESTER

EXISTING CONDITIONS

MANCHESTER SANITARY LANDFILL

SHEET NO. OF1 1

Environmental Consulting Construction Management

MANCHESTER, CT

185-80

J:\185\80\Design\ANNUAL LANDFILL MAPS\2021 Manchester Landfill Annual Map\DESIGN_2021 Manchester LF Annual Map.dgn www.bandlct.com

Fax: (860) 633-5971

Phone: (860) 633-8770

Glastonbury, CT 06033

41 Sequin Drive

MAY 2022

REFERENCES:

NOTES:

LEGEND:

SUBJECT TO REVISION DURING FINAL DESIGN.

AND SLOPE DRAINS SHOWN ON THE LANDFILL ARE

THE LOCATION AND NUMBER OF DIVERSION DITCHES1.

FACILITY

WASH

COMPOSTING CENTER

T H

R A

L L R

O A

D

L A

N D

F

IL

L W

A Y

PERMITTED LIMIT OF WASTE

DIVERSION DITCH (SEE NOTE #1)

EXISTING TREELINE

EDGE OF WATER

EDGE OF ACCESS ROAD

EXISTING MINOR CONTOUR

EXISTING MAJOR CONTOUR

PHOTOGRAPHY, MARCH 22, 2022, SCALE 1"= 100'.

THE TOWN OF MANCHESTER. DATE OF AERIAL

LANDFILL AREA TAKEN FROM MAPPING PROVIDED BY

TOPOGRAPHIC AND PLANIMETRIC FEATURES OF THE1.

246.0

250.0

72.7

OBSCURED

79.1

79.2

0 80

80.7

80.7

81.0

82.6

82.9

83.0

83.0

(est.)

83.1

84.6

84.7

84.9

85.0

85.1

85.1

85.1

85.2

85.3

85.3

85.3

85.3

85.5

85.6

85.8

86.4

86.4

86.5

OBSCURED

86.6

86.9

87.0

87.2

89.2

90 90

91.2

92.7

93.1 93.2 93.4

93.6

94.2

94.3

94.5

94.5

94.9 95.1

95.2

95.3

95.4 95.6

96.3

96.8 96.9

96.9

OBSCURED

98.5

99.0

100 100

10010

100100

100.4

100.7

100.7

103.0

104.7

105.2

106.6

110 110

OBSCURED

111.1

OBSCURED

STORAGE

120120

120120

120 120

127.1128.6

129.2

130130

130130

134.7

134.8

135.3

135.8

136.8

139.4

139.5

140.5

141.5

141.7

141.8

141.9

142.8

144.9

147.0

147.0

147.2

147.7

147.9

148.2

148.4

148.6

148.9

148.9

149.2

149.3

149.4

149.7

150.8

151.0

153.2

153.3

153.7

153.7

154.3

154.6

158.9

160160

160160

170170

175.0

175.6

177.1

180180

181.4

181.5

182.3 182.5

202.4

202.8

203.1

203.4

203.7

204.3

204.3

204.3

204.3

204.4

204.5

204.5

204.6

204.6

204.7

204…