Annex 3 Typical Equipment Lifetimes.pdf

ANNEX 3: TYPICAL EQUIPMENT LIFETIMES

Different organizations have tried to estimate typical equipment lifetimes for healthcare technology.

This annex contains the results from two different sources – the American Hospital Association, and the GTZ (German Government Technical Aid Agency).

LIST 1: The American Hospital Association (AHA) Source: American Hospital Asso.ciation, 1998, ‘Estimated Useful Lives of Depreciable Hospital Assets’, American Hospital

Association, Chicago, USA

The AHA’s extensive list reflects how equipment lasts within the United States’ healthcare system, whether it was manufactured in the US or abroad.

Their list was compiled following:

◆ discussions with manufacturers of healthcare equipment ◆ discussions with various hospital department managers ◆ analysis of actual retirement practices for actual hospital assets.

Their list is made up of a series of tables of different categories of equipment determined by the equipment’s role in the health facility.

Annex 3: Typical equipment lifetimes

Part One: Estimated Useful Lives of Land Improvements, Buildings, and Fixed Equipment

Table 1: Land Improvements Land improvements are assets of an above-ground or below-ground nature, found in the land area contiguous to and designed for serving a health care facility. The asset cost would include a proportionate share of architectural, consulting, and interest expense for newly constructed or renovated facilities.

Item Years Item Years

Bumpers 5

Culverts 18

Fencing Brick or stone 25 Chain-link 15 Wire 5 Wood 8

Flagpole 20

Guard rails 15

Heated pavement 10

Landscaping 10

Lawn sprinkler system 15

Parking lot, open-wall 20

Parking lot gate/s 3

Parking lot striping 2

Paving (including roadways, walks,and parking) Asphalt 8

Paving (including roadways, walks, and parking) (continued)

Brick 20 Concrete 15 Gravel 5

Retaining wall 20

Shrubs and lawns 5

Signs, metal or electric 10

Snow-melting system 5

Trees 20

Turf, artificial 5

Underground utilities Sewer lines 25 Water lines 25

Waste water treatment system 20

Water wells 25

Yard lighting 15

Annex 3: Typical equipment lifetimes

Table 2: Buildings Buildings are structures consisting of building shell, exterior walls, interior framings, walls, floors, and ceilings.

The asset cost would include a proportionate share of architectural, consulting, and interest expense for newly constructed or renovated facilities. In assigning the estimated useful lives in this table, the following factors were considered: the type of construction, the functional utility of the structure, recent regulatory or environmental changes, and the general volatility of the health care field.

Item Years Item Years

Boiler house 30

Garage Masonry 25 Wood frame 15

Guardhouse 15

Masonry building, reinforced concrete frame 40

Masonry building, steel frame Fireproofed 40 Nonfireproofed 30

Masonry building, wood/metal frame 25

Table 3: Building Components Building components are assets that are a part of the building shell or interior construction. The asset cost would include a proportionate share of architectural, consulting, and interest expense.

Item Years Item Years

Canopies 15

Carpentry work 15

Caulking 5

Sealants 5

Ceiling finishes Acoustical 8 Gypsum 10 Plaster 12

Computer flooring 10

Corner guards 10

Cubicle tracks 10

Designation signs 5

Doors and frames Automatic 10 Hollow metal 20 Wood 15

Drapery tracks 10

Drilled piers 40

Floor finishes Carpet 5 Ceramic 20 Concrete 20 Hardwood 10

Metal-clad building 20

Multilevel parking structure 25

Reinforced concrete building, common design 40

Residence Masonry 25 Wood frame 25

Storage building Masonry 25 Metal garden-type 10 Wood frame 20

Floor finishes (continued) Quarry 20 Sealer 5 Terrazzo 15 Vinyl 10

Folding partitions 10

Loading dock bumpers and levelers 10

Magnetic/MRI shielding 10

Millwork 15

Overhead doors 10

Partitions, interior 15

Partitions, toilet 15

Railings Freestanding (exterior) 15 Handrails (interior) 15

Roof covering 10

Skylights 20

Storefront construction 20

Wall covering Paint 5 Wallpaper 5

X-ray protection 10

Table 4: Fixed Equipment Fixed equipment includes assets that are permanently affixed to the building structure and are not subject to movement but have shorter useful lives than that of the building. The asset cost would include a proportionate share of architectural, consulting, and interest expense.

Item Years Item Years

Benches, bins, cabinets, counters, and shelving, built-in 15

Cabinet, biological safety 15

Canopy-ventilating for laundry ironer 15

Central dictation system 10

Coat rack 20

Conveyor system, laundry 10

Cooler, walk-in 15

Curtains and drapes 5

Emergency generator set 20

Generator controls 12

Hood, fume 15

Fire protection in hoods 10

ICU and CCU counters 15

Illuminator Multifilm 10 Single 10

Table 5: Building Services Equipment (overleaf) Building services equipment refers to mechanical components or systems designed for the building(s), including air conditioning, electrical elevators, heating lighting plumbing sprinklers, and ventilating. The asset cost would include a proportionate share of architectural, consulting and interest expense for newly constructed or renovated facilities.

Annex 3: Typical equipment lifetimes

Laminar flow system 15 Lockers, built-in 15

Mailboxes, built-in 20

Medicine preparation station 15

Mirrors, traffic and/or wall mounted 10

Narcotics safe 20

Nurses’ counter, built-in 15

Pass-through boxes 15

Patients’ consoles 15

Patients’ wardrobes and vanities, built-in 15

Projection screens 10

Sink and drainboard 20

Sterilizer, built-in 15

Telephone enclosure 10

Item Years Item Years

Air-condition equipment Centrifugal chiller 15 Compressor, air 15 Condensate tank 10 Condenser 15 Controls 10 Cooler and dehumidifier 10 Cooling tower, concrete 20 Wood 10 Duct work 20 Fan, air-handling and ventilating 20 Metal 20 Piping 20 Precipitator 10 Pump 10

Air-conditioning system Large (over 20 tons) 10 Medium (5-20 tons) 10 Small (under 5 tons) 5

Air curtain 15

Antenna system 10

Boiler 20

Deaerator system 15

Boiler smokestack, metal 20

Clean-air equipment 15

Clock system, central 15

Co-generation plant, generator powered 15

Door alarm 10

Door-closing devices, for fire alarm system 15

Electric lighting and power Composite 18 Conduit and wiring 20 Emergency lighting system 15 Feed wiring 20 Fixtures 10 Switch gear 15 Transformer 30

Elevator Dumbwaiter 20 Freight 20 Passenger, high-speed automatic 20 Passenger, other 20

Emergency generator 20

Controls 12

Energy management system, computer based 10

Escalator 20

Fans, ceiling-mounted 10

Annex 3: Typical equipment lifetimes

Fire protection system Fire alarm system 10 Fire pump 20 Smoke and heat detectors 10 Sprinkler system 25 Tank and tower 25

Furnace, domestic 15 Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (composite system) 15 Heat pump system 10 Humidifier 15 Incinerator, indoor 10 Insulation, pipe 15 Intercom system 10 Laboratory plumbing, piping 20 Magnetic door holders 10 Medical gas system (composite system) 15 Nurse call system 10 Oil storage tank 20 Oxygen, gas, and air piping 20 Paging system 20 Physicians’ in-and-out register, built-in 10 Plumbing, composite 20 Fixtures 20

Piping 25 Pump 15

Pneumatic tube system 15 Radiator

Cast-iron 25 Finned tube 15

Sewerage, composite 25 Piping 20 Sump pump and sewerage ejector 10

Solar heating equipment 10 Surge suppression system 15 Telephone system 10 Television antenna system 10 Television satellite dish 10 Temperature controls, computerised 10 Unit heater 10 Vacuum cleaning system 15 Water fountain 10 Water heater, commercial 10 Water purifier 10 Water softener 10 Water storage tank 20 Water wells 25

Part Two: Estimated Useful Lives of Major Movable Equipment Major movable equipment is defined as assets that are generally assigned to a specific department within the health care facility, but with the capacity of being relocated. The assets have a minimum useful life of at least three years and a unit cost sufficiently large to justify the expense of maintaining an equipment ledger.

Note: Included within the departmental listings are assets that may be considered to be minor equipment (for example, surgical instruments with a three-year life assignment). Minor equipment may be defined as assets that are relatively small in size and unit cost and have high usage. They are generally found in the obstetrics, surgery, and dietary departments.

Table 6: Administrative Departments Administrative Departments consist of administration, barber shop, board room, admitting, business office, communications, data processing, education, facilities management, finance, foundation, graphics, home health, human resources infection control, library, lobby, marketing, medical education, medical records, medical staff facilities, nursing administration, pastoral care, patient education, physician on-call rooms, public relations, quality assessment and improvement, social services, and volunteer services departments.

Item Years Item Years

Beepers, paging 3

Bench, metal or wood 15

Binder, punch machine 10

Bookcase, metal or wood 20

Bulletin board 10

Cabinet file, metal or wood 15

Camera 5

Cathode-ray tube (CRT) 3

Chair Arm 15 Conference 15 Executive 15 Folding 10 Guest 15 Side 15

Check signer 10

Clock 10

Collator, electric 10

Computer Laptop 3 Large 5 Micro 5 Mini (personal) 3

Computer disk drive 5

Computer networking equipment Controller 5 Hub 5 Modem 5 Mux unit 5 Server 5 Token ring 5

Computer printer 5

Computer software 3

Computer terminal 5

Credenza 15

Data printing unit 5

Data storage unit Mechanical 10

Nonmechanical 15

Data tape processing unit (including controller, drive, and tape deck) 5

Desk, metal or wood 20

Dictating equipment 5

Display cases 20

Duplicator 5

Facsimile transmitter 3

Files 15 Electric rotary 15 Legal 15 Regular 15

Filing system, portable 20

Imprinter Address 5 Embossed plate 10

Integrator 10

Intercom 10

Label maker 10

Library furniture 20

Mailing machine 10

Microfilm unit 10

Continued overleaf

Table 6: Administrative Departments (continued)

Microphone 5

Microprojector 10

Organ 10

Paper burster 8

Paper cutter 10

Paper shredder 5

Paper shredder 5

Partitions, movable office 10

Photocopier Small 3 Large 5

Piano 20

Projector Overhead 10 Slide 10 Video 5

Recorder, tape 5

Safe 20

Scale, postal 10

Screen, projector 10

Settee 12

Table 7: Nursing Departments Nursing departments consist of cardiac care, chemical dependency, intensive care, medical/surgical care, neonatal intensive care, nursery, pediatrics, pediatric developmental disabilities, and psychiatric units.

Item Years Item Years

Bassinet 15

Bath Sitz 10 Whirlpool 10

Bed Birthing 15 Electric 12 Flotation therapy 10 Hydraulic 15 Labor 15 Manual 15 Orthopedic 15

Bench, metal or wood 15

Bin, metal or wood 15

Blood pressure device, electronic 6

Bookcase, metal 20

Annex 3: Typical equipment lifetimes

Shelving, portable, steel 20 Sofa 12 Stamp Machine 10 Stapler, electric or air 10

Stencil machine 10

Stereo equipment 5

Table Folding 10 Metal or wood 15

Television receiver 5

Time recording equipment 10

Transcribing equipment 5

Typewriter, electric 5

Valet, office 15

Video cassette recorder/player 5

Walkie-talkie 5

Water cooler, bottle 10

Word processor Large 5 Small 5

Work station 10

Cabinet Bedside 15 File 15 Instrument 15 Metal or wood 15 Pharmacy 15 Solution 15 X-ray 15

Central supply furniture 15

Chair Blood drawing 10 Dental 15 Executive 15

Folding 10 Geriatric 10 Hydraulic, surgeon’s 15

Continued opposite

Operating stool 15

Ophthalmoscope 10

Osmometer 7

Otoscope 7

Ottoman 10

Patient monitoring equipment 10

Phototherapy unit 10

Physicians’ in-and-out register, portable 10

Physiological monitor 7

Pump, breast 10

Scale, baby 15

Settee 12

Shelving, portable, steel 20

Sofa 12

Stall Bars 15

Table Anesthetic 15 Autopsy 20 Electrohydraulic tilt 10 Examining 15 Folding 10 Food preparation 15 Fracture 15 Instrument 15 Light 15 Metal 15 Obstetrical 20 Operating 15 Orthopedic 10 Overbed 15 Pool 10 Refrigerated 10 Therapy 15 Traction 10 Urological 15 Wood 15

Telemetry unit, cardiac 5

Thermometer, electric 5

Ultrasonic fetal heart monitor 7

Work station 10

Annex 3: Typical equipment lifetimes

Table 7: Nursing Departments (continued)

Item Years Item Years

Chair (continued Kinetron 15 Podiatric 15

Shower/bath 10 Specialist’s 15

Chart rack 20

Chart recorder 10

Clothes locker

Fibreglass or metal 15

Liminate or wood 12

Computer, caridial output 5

Credenza 15

Crib 15

Croupette 10

Defibrillator 5

Desk, metal or wood 20

Doppler 5

Dresser 15

Food service furniture 15

Frame, turning 15

Housekeeping furniture 15

ICU and CCU furniture 15

Infant care center 10

In-service education furniture 15

Insufflator 5

Labor and delivery furniture 15

Laboratory furniture 15

Lamp Bilirubin 10 Emergency 10

Lawn and patio furniture 5

Light Delivery 15 Examining 10 Portable, emergency 10

Natural childbirth backrest 10

Nursing service furniture 15

Operating room furniture 15

Table 8: Diagnostic and Treatment Departments Diagnostic and treatment departments consist of ambulatory surgery, anesthesia, cardiac rehabilitation, catheterization laboratory, CT scan, ECT, EEG/EMG, emergency, employee health, enterostomal therapy, GI laboratory, hemodialysis, hyperbaric medicine, in vitro medicine, IV therapy, inpatient pharmacy, laboratory, lithotripsy, mobile air care, medical oncology, MRI, noninvasive cardiology, obstetrics, occupational therapy, physical therapy, postanesthesia care unit, radiation therapy, radiology, respiratory therapy, speech therapy, and surgery departments.

Item Years Item Years

Accelerator 7

Alternating pressure pad 10

Amino acid analyzer 7

Amplifier 10

Anaerobe chamber 15

Analyzer, haematology 7

Anatomical model 10

Anesthesia unit 7

Ankle exerciser 15

Apnea monitor 7

Apron, lead-lined 47

Arthroscope 5

Arthroscopy instrumentation 3

Aspirator 10

Audiometer 10

Autoclave 10

Autoscaler, ionic 10

Bacteriology analyzer 8

Baci incinerator 5

Balance Analytical 10 Electronic 7 Precision mechanical 10

Basal metabolism unit 8

Bath Fluidotherapy 7 Paraffin 7 Serological 7 Water 7

Biochemical analysis unit 7

Biochromatic analyzer 7

Biofeedback machine 8

Biomagnetometer 7

Bipolar coagulator 7

Blood cell counter 5

Blood chemistry analyzer, automated 5

Blood culture analyzer 8

Annex 3: Typical equipment lifetimes

Blood gas analyzer 5

Blood gas apparatus, volumetrics 8

Blood transfusion apparatus 6

Blood warmer 7

Blood warmer coil 7

Bone surgery apparatus 3

Breathing unit, positive-pressure 8

Bronchoscope Flexible 3 Rigid 3

Carbon monoxide recorder/detector 10

Cardiac monitor 5

Cardioscope 8

Cart Emergency-isolation 10 Medicine 10

Caspar ACF instrument and plate system 7

Cassette changer 8

Cautery unit Dermatology 7 Gynecology 7

Cell freezer 7

Cell washer 5

Centrifuge 7

Centrifuge, refrigerated 5

Cerebral function monitor 7

Child immobilizer 15

Chloridiometer 10

Chromatograph, gas 7

Clinical analyzer 5

Clopay wrapping machine 10

Coagulation analyzer 5

Cold-pack unit, floor 10

Colonoscope 3

Colorimeter 7

Colposcope, with floor stand 8

Computer, clinical 5

Table 8: Diagnostic and Treatment Departments (continued)

Computer-assisted tomography (CT) scanner 5

Conductivity tester 5

CO-oximeter 10

Cryoopthalmic unit, with probes 7

Cryostat 7

Cryosurgical unit 10

Cyclotron 7

Cystic fibrosis treatment system 10

Cystometer 10

Cystometrogram unit 10

Cystoscope 3

Decalcifier 10

Deionized water system 7

Densitometer, recording 5

Dental drill, with syringe 3

Dermatome 10

Diagnostic set 10

Diathermy unit 10

Digital fluoroscopy unit 5

Digital radiography unit 5

Diluter 10

Dispenser, alcohol 10

Distilling apparatus 15

Doppler 5

Dose calibrator 5

Dryer, sonic 10

Duodenoscope 3

Echocardiograph system 5

Echoview system 5

Electrocardiograph 7

Electrocardioscanner (Holter monitor scanner) 7

Electroencephalograph 7

Electrolyte analyzer 5

Electromyograph 7

Electrophoresis unit 7

Electrosurgical unit 7

Ergometer 10

Evacuator 10

Evoked potential unit 10

Exercise apparatus 15

Annex 3: Typical equipment lifetimes

Exercise equipment, outdoor 10

Exercise system, computer assisted 5

Exerciser, orthotron 10

Eye surgery equipment (phacoemulsifier) 7

Fiberoptic equipment 5

Fibrometer 7

Film changer 8

Film viewer 10

Flow cytometer 5

Fluid sample handler 5

Fluorimeter 10

Fluoroscope 8

Frame, turning 15

Furnace, laboratory 10

Gamma camera 5

Gamma counter 7

Gamma knife 10

Gamma well system 7

Gas analyzer 8

Gastroscope 3

Geiger counter 10

Generator 5

Gloves, lead-lined 3

Hand dynamometer 10

Heart-lung system 8

Heat sealer 5

Hemodialysis unit 5

Hemoglobinometer 7

Hemophotometer 10

High-density mobile film system 10

Holter Electrocardiograph 7 Electroencephalograph 7

Homogenizer 10

Hood, exhaust or Bacti 10

Hydrocollator 10

Hydrotherapy equipment 15

Hyfrecator 10

Hyperbaric chamber 15

Hypothermia apparatus 10

Image analyzer 5

Image intensifier 5

Immunodiffusion equipment 10

IMX analyzer 7

Incubator, laboratory 10

Inhalator 10

Intraarterial shaver 10

Iontophoresis unit 8

Isodensitometer 7

Isolation chamber 12

Isotope equipment 7

Isotope scanner 7

Kiln 10

K-pads 5

Kymograph 10

Lamp Deep-therapy 10 Infrared 10 Mercury quartz 10 Slit 10

Laparoscope 3

Laryngoscope 3

Laser, coronary 2

Laser, surgical 5

Laser positioner 5

Laser smoke evacuator 5

Lifter, patient 10

Linac scalpel 5

Linear accelerator 7

Lithotripter, extracorporeal shock-wave (ESWL) 5

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment 5

Mammography unit

Fixed 5

Mobile (van) 8

Marograph 7

Mass spectrophotometer 7

Microbiology analyzer 8

Microscope 7

Microtome 7

Microtron power system 7

Mirror, therapy 15 Muscle stimulator 10

Annex 3: Typical equipment lifetimes

Nebulizer Pneumatic 10 Ultrasonic 10

Nephroscope 7

Neurological surgical table headrest 10

Neutron beam accelerator 8

Noninvasive CO2 monitor 7

Optical readers 5

Orthotron system 10

Orthourological instruments 10

Oscilloscope 7

Oven Paraffin 10 Sterilizing 10

Oximeter 10

Oxygen analyzer 7

Oxygen tank, motor, and truck 8

Pacemaker, cardiac (external) 5

Pacing system analyzer 7

Panendoscope 10

Parallel bars 15

Pelviscope 7

Percussor 5

Perforator 10

Peripheral analyzer 10 pH gas analyzer 10 pH meter 10

Phonocardiograph 8

Photocoagulator 10

Photography apparatus, gross pathology 10

Photometer 8

Physioscope 10

Pipette, automatic 10

Plasma freezer 10

Platelet rotator 20

Positron emission tomography (PET) scanner 5

Proctoscope 3

Prothrombin timer, automated 8

Proton beam accelerator 7

Pulmonary function analyzer 8

Pulmonary function equipment 8

Pulsed oxygen chamber 10

Pulse oxymeter 7

Pump Infusion 10 Stomach 10 Suction 10 Surgical 10 Vacuum 10

Radiation meter 8

Radioactive source, cobalt 5

Radiographic duplicating printer 8

Radiographic-fluoroscopic combination 5

Radiographic head unit 5

Rate meter, dual 10

Refractometer 10

Refrigerator, blood bank 10

Resuscitator 10

Retractor 5

Rhinoscope 3

Rinser, sonic 10

Rotoosteotome unit 10

Saw Autopsy 10 Neurosurgical 10 Surgical, electric 10

Scale Bed 10 Chair 10 Clinical 10

Scale, metabolic 10

Scintillation scaler 8

Sensitometer 10

Seriograph, automatic 8

Shaking machine (vortexer) 8

Sharpener, microtome knife 10

Sigmoidoscope 3

Signal-averaged EKG 5

Simulator 5

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) Scanner 5

Sinuscope 7

Skelton 10

Annex 3: Typical equipment lifetimes

Slide stainer, laboratory 7

Spectrophotometer 8

Spectroscope 10

Sphygmomanometer 10

Spirometer 8

Stand Basin 15 Intravenous 15 Irrigating 15 Mayo 15

Steam-pack equipment 10

Stereo tactic frame 5

Sterilizer, movable 12

Steris sterilization system 7

Stethoscope 5

Stress tester 10

Stretcher 10 Hydraulic 7

Surgical shaver 5

Tank Cleaning 10 Full-body 15 Hot-water 10 Therapy 15

TDX analyzer 7

Telemetry unit, cardiac 5

Telescope, microlens 10

Telescopic shoulder wheel 15

Telethermometer 10

Tent Aerosol 8 Oxygen 8

Thyroid uptake system 5

Tissue-embedding center 8

Tissue processor 7

Titrator, automatic 10

Tonometer 10

Totalap 10

Tourniquet, automatic 10

Tourniquet system 7

Traction unit 10

Transcutaneous nerve stimulator system 5

Transesophageal transducer 5

Wheelchair 5

X-ray equipment Developing tank 10 Film dryer 8 Film processor 8 Furniture 15 Image intensifier 5 Intensifying screens 5 Silver recovery unit 7

X-ray unit Fluoroscopic 5 Mobile 5 Radiographic 5 Superficial therapy 5 Tomographic 5 Wiring 5

Cart Food/tray, heated-refrigerated 10 Linen 10 Maid 10 Supply 10 Utility 10

Cash register 5

Central data processing unit 10

Clock 10

Coffee maker 5

Compactor, waste 10

Compressor, air 12

Conveyor, tray 10

Cooker, pressure, for food 10

Cooler, walk-in, freestanding 15

Cutter, cloth, electric 10

Cutter, food 10

Dish sterilizer 10

Dishwasher 10

Disinfector 15

Table 8: Diagnostic and Treatment Departments (continued)

Item Years Item Years

Treadmill, electric 8

Tube dryer 10

Tube tester 10

Ultrasound, diagnostic 5

Ultrasound unit, therapeutic 7

Vacuvette 10

Ventilator, respiratory 10

Vial filler 10

Vibrator 10

Video Camera 5 Light source 5 Monitor 5 Printer 5

Table 9: Support Departments Support departments consist of biomedical engineering, central sterile supply, dietary, engineering/maintenance, housekeeping/environmental services, laundry, materials management, security, and staff facilities departments.

Item Years Item Years

Air conditioner, window 5

Ambulance 4

Automobile Delivery 4 Passenger 4

Battery charger 5

Bedpan washer 15

Blanket dryer 15

Blanket warmer 15

Bottle washer 10

Broiler 10

Burnisher, silverware 15

Cage, animal 10

Camera, identification 5

Camera, surgical 5

Camera, television monitoring, color or black-and-white 5

Camera, videotape, color or black-and-white 5

Can opener, electric 10

Capsule machine 10

Annex 3: Typical equipment lifetimes

Table 9: Support Departments (continued)

Item Years Item Years

Dispenser

Butter, refrigerated 10

Milk or cream 10

Drill press 20

Dryer

Clothes 10

Hair 5

Drying oven, paint shop 10

Enlarger 10

Extractor, laundry 15

Floor-buffing and polishing machine 5

Floor-scrubbing machine 5

Floor-waxing machine 5

Folder, flatwork 15

Food chopper 10

Freezer, ultracold 10

Fryer, deep-fat 10

Garbage disposal, commercial 5

Glassware washer 8

Griddle 10

Grinder, food waste 10

Helicopter 4

Hoist, chain or cable 15

Hot-food box 15

Hotplate 5

Humidifier 8

Ice cream freezer 10

Ice cream (soft) machine 10

Ice cream storage cabinet 10

Ice cube-making equipment 10

Indicator, remote 10

Intercom 10

Ironer, flatwork 15

Kettle, steam-jacketed 15

Key machine 10

Laminator 10

Lathe 15

Lawn mower, power 3

Linen press 15

Linen table 15

Linen washer 15

Lint collector 15

Loom 15

Lowerator 10

Mannequin 10

Marking machine 10

Meat chopper 10

Mixer, commercial 10

Nourishment ice station 8

Oven Baking 10 Microwave 5 Roasting 10

Packaging machine 10 Platform 12

Paint spray booth 15

Paint-spraying machine 10

Paper baler 15

Parking lot sweeper 5

Pipe cutter-threader 10

Planer and shaper, electric 10

Plate-bending press 10

Platemaker Computerized 5 Noncomputerized 10

Popcorn machine 8

Power supply 10

Press, laundry 15

Printing press 10

Range, domestic 10 Refrigerator

Domestic 8 Commercial 10 Undercounter 10

Remote control receiver 10

Rotary tiller 10

Sanitizer 10

Saw

Band 10

Bench, electric 10

Meat-cutting 10

Scaffold 10

Scale, laundry Movable 10 Platform 15

Table 9: Support Departments (continued)

Sewing machine 15

Shears, squaring, floor 12

Shoulder wheel 20

Simulator 5

Slicer

Bread 10

Meat 10

Snowblower 5

Steamer, vegetable 10

Telephone, cordless 5

Telephone equipment for deaf 5

Telephone monitors 10

Telephone system 10

Television monitor 5

Television receiver 5

Toaster, commercial 10

Tractor 10

Truck (automotive) Forklift 10 Multipurpose filling 15 Pickup 4 Van 4

Annex 3: Typical equipment lifetimes

Truck (hand) Hot-food 10 Tray 12

Ultrasonic cleaner 10

Urn, coffee 10

Vacuum cleaner 8

Vegetable peeler, electric 10

Vending machine 10

Vise, large bench 20

Warmer Dish 10 Food 10

Washing machine Commercial, small 10 Domestic 10 Linen, large 15

Welder 10

Wire tightener-twister 10

LIST 2: The GTZ (German Government Technical Aid Agency) Source: Halbwachs, H (GTZ), 2000, ‘Maintenance and the Life Expectancy of Healthcare Equipment in Developing

Economies’, in Health Estate Journal, March 2000, pp 26-31

The GTZ list contains estimates for fewer equipment items, but it more closely reflects the realities in developing countries.

The GTZ used a particular research method (a Delphi survey – see source paper) to obtain and analyze feedback from 23 experts from 16 different country backgrounds. The experts were made up of hospital engineers, bio-medical engineers, a public health doctor/manager, health physicists, and a health economist. Rather than providing exact lifetimes, this approach provides a range for the lifetime that depends on the quality of the initial equipment and how well it has been maintained.

Reproduced here is a table containing a summary of their findings.

Table Summarizing GTZ’s Findings

Equipment type

Poorly Well Poorly Well maintained maintained maintained maintained

Air-conditioner (window type) 3 5 – 7 5 – 6 10 – 12

Anaesthetic machine (Boyles) 2 – 5 5 – 10 5 – 10 10 – 15

Centrifuge 3 – 4 7 – 8 6 – 9 10 – 12

Generator (diesel) 3 – 6 9 – 10 10 – 12 18 – 20

Generator (petrol) 2 – 5 5 – 10 6 – 15 10 – 20

Microscope 3 – 6 5 – 10 6 – 10 10 – 20

Oven, hot air (laboratory) 2 – 6 5 – 8 6 – 10 10 – 15

Refrigerator (electrical) 3 – 5 5 – 8 5 – 8 10 – 15

Refrigerator (kerosene) 4 4 – 8 5 – 10 10 – 17

Sphygmomanometer (aneroid) 1 – 3 2 – 3 2 – 5 5 – 10

Sphygmomanometer (mercury) 1 – 2 3 – 5 3 - 5 8 – 10

Sterilizer, bench-top (horizontal) 3 – 5 5 – 8 6 – 10 10 – 14

Sterilizer, floor-standing (vertical) 3 – 6 5 – 12 8 14 – 15

Suction pump (electrical) 1 – 3 5 – 7 5 – 8 10 – 15

Truck, pick-up 2 – 4 3 – 6 4 – 8 7 – 12

Washing machine (electrical) 2 – 4 5 6 8 – 11

Annex 3: Typical equipment lifetimes

Lifetime in years

Poor quality makes Good quality makes