Technical Specifications.pdf

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

ALL of the specifications from the Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects FP-03 are part of this solicitation and any resultant contract. The website for the specifications is: http:/www.wfl.fhwa.dot.gov/design/specs/fp03.htm The following specifications are specifically associated with this contract. The omission of a Forest Service Specification shall not be cause for a contract modification.

SPECIAL PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS

Table of Contents Table of Contents Preface 101 - Terms, Format, and Definitions

101.01 Meaning of Terms

101.03 Abbreviations

101.04 Definitions

102 - Bid, Award, and Execution of Contract 102 Bid, Award, and Execution of Contract

103 - Scope of Work Deletions

104 - Control of Work Deletions

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor

105 - Control of Material

105.02 Material Sources

105.02(a) Government-provided sources

105.05 Use of Material Found in the Work

106 - Acceptance of Work

106.07 Delete

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public

107.05 Responsibility for Damage Claims

107.06 Contractor’s Responsibility for Work

107.09 Legal Relationship of the Parties

107.10 Environmental Protection

107.02 Protection and Restoration of Property and Landscape

108 - Prosecution and Progress 108 Delete

109 - Measurement and Payment 109 Deletions

109.02 Measurement Terms and Definitions

151 - Mobilization

151.01 Description

151.02 Measurement

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts

155 Delete 157 - Soil Erosion Control

157.03 General

204 - Excavation and Embankment 251 - Riprap

251.01 Description

251.02 Material

251.07 Acceptance

251.09 Payment

322 - Minor Aggregate Courses 705 - Rock

705.02 Riprap Rock

718 - Traffic Signing and Marking Material

Preface

Preface_wo_03_15_2004_m

Delete all but the first paragraph and add the following:

The Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture has adopted FP-03 for construction of National Forest System Roads.

101 - Terms, Format, and Definitions

101.00_nat_us_07_25_2005

101.01_nat_us_01_22_2009

101.01 Meaning of Terms

Delete all references to the TAR (Transportation Acquisition Regulations) in the specifications.

101.03_nat_us_06_16_2006

101.03 Abbreviations.

Add the following to (a) Acronyms:

AFPA

MSHA

NIST

NESC

WCLIB

American Forest and Paper Association Mine Safety and Health Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology National Electrical Safety Code West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau

Add the following to (b) SI symbols:

mp Milepost ppm Part Per Million

101.04_nat_us_03_29_2007

101.04 Definitions.

Delete the following definitions and substitute the following:

Bid Schedule--The Schedule of Items.

Bridge--No definition.

Contractor--The individual or legal entity contracting with the Government for performance of prescribed work. In a timber sale contract, the contractor is the “purchaser”.

Culvert--No definition.

http://www.nist.gov/

Right-of-Way--A general term denoting (1) the privilege to pass over land in some particular line (including easement, lease, permit, or license to occupy, use, or traverse public or private lands), or (2) Real property necessary for the project, including roadway, buffer areas, access, and drainage areas.

Add the following:

Adjustment in Contract Price--“Equitable adjustment,” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “construction cost adjustment,” as used in the Timber Sale Contract, as applicable.

Change--“Change” means “change order” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “design change” as used in the Timber Sale Contract.

Design Quantity--“Design quantity” is a Forest Service method of measurement from the FS-96 Forest Service Specifications for the Construction of Roads and Bridges. Under these FP specifications this term is replaced by the term “Contract Quantities”.

Forest Service--The United States of America, acting through the Forest Service, U.S.

Department of Agriculture.

Neat Line--A line defining the proposed or specified limits of an excavation or structure.

Pioneer Road--Temporary construction access built along the route of the project.

Purchaser--The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corporation contracting with the Government under the terms of a Timber Sale Contract and acting independently or through agents, employees, or subcontractors.

Protected Streamcourse--A drainage shown on the plans or timber sale area map that requires designated mitigation measures.

Road Order--An order affecting and controlling traffic on roads under Forest Service jurisdiction. Road Orders are issued by a designated Forest Officer under the authorities of 36 CFR, part 260.

Schedule of Items--A schedule in the contract that contains a listing and description of construction items, quantities, units of measure, unit price, and amount.

Utilization Standards--The minimum size and percent soundness of trees described in the specifications to determine merchantable timber.

Add Figure 101-1—Illustration of road structure terms:

Figure 101-1—Illustration of road structure terms.

102 - Bid, Award, and Execution of Contract 102.00_nat_us_02_16_2005

102 Bid, Award, and Execution of Contract

Delete Section 102 in its entirety.

103 - Scope of Work

103.00_nat_us_02_16_2005

Deletions

Delete all but subsection 103.01 Intent of Contract.

104 - Control of Work

104.00_nat_us_06_16_2006

Deletions

Delete Sections 104.01, 104.02, and 104.04.

104.06_nat_us_02_17_2005

Add the following subsection:

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor

The Contractor is authorized to use roads under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service for all activities necessary to complete this contract, subject to the limitations and authorizations designated in the Road Order(s) or described in the contract, when such use will not damage the roads or national forest resources, and when traffic can be accommodated safely.

105 - Control of Material

105.02_nat_us_01_18_2007

105.02 Material Sources.

105.02(a) Government-provided sources.

Comply with the requirements of 30 CFR 56, subparts B and H. Use all suitable material for aggregate regardless of size unless otherwise designated. When required, re-establish vegetation in disturbed areas according to section 625.

105.05_nat_us_05_12_2004

105.05 Use of Material Found in the Work.

Delete 105.05 (a) and (b) and the last sentence of the second paragraph and substitute the following:

Materials produced or processed from Government lands in excess of the quantities required for performance of this contract are the property of the Government. The Government is not obligated to make reimbursement for the cost of producing these materials.

106 - Acceptance of Work

106.07_nat_us_05_11_2004

106.07 Delete

Delete subsection 106.07.

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public

107.05_nat_us_05_11_2004

107.05 Responsibility for Damage Claims.

Delete the entire subsection.

107.06_nat_us_06_16_2006

107.06 Contractor’s Responsibility for Work.

Delete the following from the first paragraph.

“except as provided in Subsection 106.07”.

107.09_nat_us_06_16_2006

107.09 Legal Relationship of the Parties.

Delete the entire subsection.

107.10_nat_us_06_16_2006

107.10 Environmental Protection.

Add the following:

Design and locate equipment repair shops, stationary refueling sites, or other facilities to minimize the potential and impacts of hazardous material spills on Government land.

Before beginning any work, submit a Hazardous Spill Plan. List actions to be taken in the event of a spill. Incorporate preventive measures to be taken, such as the location of mobile refueling facilities, storage and handling of hazardous materials, and similar information. Immediately notify the CO of all hazardous material spills. Provide a written narrative report form no later than 24 hours after the initial report and include the following:

• Description of the item spilled (including identity, quantity, manifest number, and other identifying information).

• Whether amount spilled is EPA or state reportable, and if so whether it was reported, and to whom.

• Exact time and location of spill including a description of the area involved.

• Containment procedures.

• Summary of any communications the Contractor had with news media, Federal, state and local regulatory agencies and officials, or Forest Service officials.

• Description of clean-up procedures employed or to be employed at the site including final disposition and disposal location of spill residue.

When available provide copies of all spill related clean up and closure documentation and correspondence from regulatory agencies.

The Contractor is solely responsible for all spills or leaks that occur during the performance of this contract. Clean up spills or leaks to the satisfaction of the CO and in a manner that complies with Federal, state, and local laws and regulations.

107.10_05_us_05_04_2007

107.02 Protection and Restoration of Property and Landscape

Add the following:

Meet the requirements chapters 10, 11, and 12.2 in their entirety of “Water Quality Management for National Forest System Lands in California Best Management Practices” dated September

108 - Prosecution and Progress 108.00_nat_us_02_16_2005

108 Delete.

Delete Section 108 in its entirety.

109 - Measurement and Payment

109.00_nat_us_02_17_2005

109 Deletions Delete the following entire subsections:

109.06 Pricing of Adjustments.

109.07 Eliminated Work.

109.08 Progress Payments.

109.09 Final Payment.

109.02_nat_us_06_16_2006

109.02 Measurement Terms and Definitions.

(b) Contract quantity.

Add the following:

Contract quantities will be adjusted only when there are errors in the original design of 15% or more.

Change the following:

“(b) Cubic yard” to “(c) Cubic yard”.

Add the following definition:

(p) Thousand Board Feet (Mbf). 1,000 board feet based on nominal widths, thickness, and extreme usable length of each piece of lumber or timber actually incorporated in the job. For glued laminated timber, 1,000 board feet based on actual width, thickness, and length of each piece actually incorporated in the job.

151 - Mobilization 151.01_0114_us_08_04_2005

151.01 Description

Add the following:

This work consists of washing and treating construction equipment and vehicles necessary for equipment transport to remove seeds, plants, and plant fragments before the equipment is used on Forest Service lands.

Wash the sides, tops, and undercarriages of all construction equipment. Remove all seeds, plants, plant fragments, dirt, and debris from the construction equipment. Only equipment inspected by the Forest Service will be allowed to operate within the project area. All subsequent move-ins of equipment to the project area will be treated in the same manner as the initial move-in. This requirement does not apply to cars, pickup trucks, and other vehicles that regularly travel between the construction site and areas off the National Forest.

Equipment will be considered free of soil, seed, and other such debris when a visual inspection does not disclose such material. Disassembly of equipment, components or the need for specialized inspection tools is not required.

Notify the CO in writing at least 24 hours before moving any construction equipment onto the national forest. Notification will include an agreed upon location where the equipment will be available for inspection by the Forest Service. Inspection will be required after every cleaning.

Use methods of cleaning and locations for cleaning approved by the C.O.

For work at a commercial washing facility, use an approved facility.

New infestations of noxious weeds of concern to Forest Service and identified by either Contractor or Forest Service, on the Project Area or on the haul route, will be promptly reported to the other party. Contractor and Forest Service will agree on treatment methods to reduce or stop the spread of noxious weeds when new infestations are found. A current list of noxious weeds of concern to Forest Service is available at each Forest Service office.

151.02 Measurement

Add the following:

Clean equipment prior to moving onto this project. The initial cleaning will not be included in the measurement for payment. Payment under this item will only be made if subsequent cleanings are ordered by the CO. Measurement shall be on an “each” basis, meaning one complete cleaning of all equipment required for this contract. Subsequent cleanings necessitated by the Contractor’s actions but not directed by the CO will not be included in the measurement for payment.

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts 155.00_nat_us_05_11_2004

155 Delete.

Delete Section 155 in its entirety.

157 - Soil Erosion Control

157.03_nat_us_02_24_2005

157.03 General

Delete the entire subsection and replace with the following:

Prior to the start of construction, submit a written plan that provides permanent and temporary erosion control measures to minimize erosion and sedimentation during and after construction.

Do not begin work until the necessary controls for that particular phase of work have been implemented. Do not modify the type, size, or location of any control. An alternate erosion control plan with all necessary permits may be submitted 30 days before intended use.

Incorporate all permanent erosion control features into the project at the earliest practicable time, as outlined in the approved plan.

When erosion control measures are not functioning as intended, immediately take corrective action.

204 - Excavation and Embankment 204.00_01_us_10_11_2006

Delete Section 204 in its entirety and replace with the following.

Description

204.01 This work consists of excavating material, constructing embankments and drainage excavation. This includes furnishing, hauling, stockpiling, placing, disposing, sloping, shaping, compacting, and finishing earthen and rocky material.

204.02 Definitions.

(a) Excavation. Excavation consists of the following:

(1) Roadway excavation. All material excavated from within the right-of-way or easement areas, except subexcavation covered in (2) below and structure excavation covered in Sections 208 and 209. Roadway excavation includes all material encountered regardless of its nature or characteristics.

(2) Subexcavation. Material excavated from below subgrade elevation in cut sections or from below the original groundline in embankment sections. Subexcavation does not include the work required by Subsections 204.05, 204.06(b), and 204.06(c).

(3) Borrow excavation. Material used for embankment construction that is obtained from outside the roadway prism. Borrow excavation includes unclassified borrow, select borrow, and select topping.

(b) Embankment construction. Embankment construction consists of placing and compacting roadway or borrow excavation. This work includes:

(1) Preparing foundation for embankment;

(2) Constructing roadway embankments;

(3) Benching for side-hill embankments;

(4) Constructing dikes, ramps, mounds, and berms; and

(5) Backfilling subexcavated areas, holes, pits, and other depressions.

(c) Conserved topsoil. Excavated material conserved from the roadway excavation and embankment foundation areas that is suitable for growth of grass, cover crops, or native vegetation.

(d) Waste. Excess and unsuitable roadway excavation and subexcavation that cannot be used.

Material

204.03 Conform to the following Subsections:

Backfill material 704.03

Select borrow 704.07

Select topping 704.08

Topping 704.05

Unclassified borrow 704.06

Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

204.04 Preparation for Roadway Excavation and Embankment Construction. Clear the area of vegetation and obstructions according to Sections 201 and 203.

204.05 Reserved.

204.06 Roadway Excavation. Excavate as follows:

(a) General. Do not disturb material and vegetation outside the construction limits.

Incorporate only suitable material into embankments. Replace any shortage of suitable material caused by premature disposal of roadway excavation

At the end of each day's operations, shape to drain and compact the work area to a uniform cross-section. Eliminate all ruts and low spots that could hold water.

Retrieve material deposited outside of the clearing limits as directed by the CO.

(b) Rock cuts. Blast rock according to Section 205. Excavate rock cuts to 6 inches below subgrade within the roadbed limits. Backfill to subgrade with topping or with other suitable material. Compact the material according to Subsection 204.11 When blasting rock, use blasting methods according to Subsection 205.08.

(c) Earth cuts. Scarify earth cuts to 6 inches below subgrade within the roadbed limits.

Compact the scarified material according to Subsection 204.11.

(d) Pioneer Roads. Road pioneering, slash disposal, and grubbing of stumps may proceed concurrently with excavation. Conduct excavation and placement operations so material to be treated under Section 201 will not be incorporated into the roadway unless specified in the slash treatment method. Maintain drainage during pioneering operations.

Remove snow and ice in advance of the work and deposit beyond the roadway limits in a manner that will not waste material or generate sediment. Do not incorporate snow and ice into embankments. Place snow or ice in a manner to prevent resource damage.

(e ) Drainage Excavation. Drainage excavation includes construction of all ditches, minor channel changes, drainage dips, catchbasins, surface water deflectors, and other minor drainage structures. Compact by Method (f) unless otherwise shown on the plans. Excavate on a uniform grade between control points.

204.07 Subexcavation. Excavate material to the limits as designated. Take cross-sections according to Section 152. Prevent unsuitable material from becoming mixed with the backfill.

Dispose of unsuitable material according to Subsection 204.14. Backfill the subexcavation with topping, or other suitable material. Compact the material according to Subsection 204.11.

204.08 Borrow Excavation. Use all suitable roadway excavation in embankment construction.

Do not use borrow excavation when it results in excess roadway excavation. Deduct excess borrow excavation from the appropriate borrow excavation quantity.

Obtain borrow source acceptance according to Subsection 105.02. Develop and restore borrow sources according to Subsection 105.03. Do not excavate beyond the established limits. When applicable, shape the borrow source to permit accurate measurements when excavation is complete.

204.09 Preparing Foundation for Embankment Construction. Prepare foundation for embankment construction as follows:

(a) Embankment less than 4 feet high over natural ground. Unless otherwise designated by the CO, remove topsoil. Break up the ground surface to a minimum depth of 6 inches by plowing or scarifying. Compact the ground surface according to Subsection 204.11.

(b) Embankments over an existing asphalt, concrete, or gravel road surface. Scarify gravel roads to a minimum depth of 6 inches. Scarify or pulverize asphalt and concrete roads to 6 inches below the pavement. Reduce all particles to a maximum size of 6 inches and produce a uniform material. Compact the surface according to Subsection 204.11.

(c) Embankment across ground not capable of supporting equipment. Dump successive loads of embankment material in a uniformly distributed layer to construct the lower portion of the embankment. Limit the layer thickness to the minimum depth necessary to support the equipment.

(d) Embankment on an existing slope steeper than 1V:3H. Cut horizontal benches in the existing slope to a sufficient width to accommodate placement and compaction operations and equipment. Bench the slope as the embankment is placed and compacted in layers.

Begin each bench at the intersection of the original ground and the vertical cut of the previous bench.

204.10 Embankment Construction. Incorporate only suitable roadway excavation material into the embankment. When the supply of suitable roadway excavation is exhausted, furnish unclassified borrow to complete the embankment. Obtain written approval before beginning construction of embankments over 6 feet high at subgrade centerline. Construct embankments as follows:

(a) General. At the end of each day's operations, shape to drain and compact the embankment surface to a uniform cross-section. Eliminate all ruts and low spots that could hold water.

During all stages of construction, route and distribute hauling and leveling equipment over the width and length of each layer of material.

Compact embankment side slopes flatter than 1V:1.75H with a tamping type roller or by walking with a dozer. For slopes 1V:1.75H or steeper, compact the slopes as construction of the embankment progresses.

Where placing embankment on one side of abutments, wing walls, piers, or culvert headwalls, compact the material using methods that prevent excessive pressure against the structure.

Where placing embankment material on both sides of a concrete wall or box structure, conduct operations so compacted embankment material is at the same elevation on both sides of the structure.

Where structural pilings are placed in embankment locations, limit the maximum particle size to 4 inches.

(b) Embankment within the roadway prism. Place embankment material in horizontal layers not exceeding 12 inches in compacted thickness. Incorporate oversize boulders or rock fragments into the 12-inch layers by reducing them in size or placing them individually as required by (c) below. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11 before placing the next layer.

Material composed predominately of boulders or rock fragments too large for 12-inch layers may be placed in layers up to 24 inches thick. Incorporate oversize boulders or rock fragments into the 24-inch layer by reducing them in size or placing them individually according to (c) below. Place sufficient earth and smaller rocks to fill the voids. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11 before placing the next layer.

(c) Individual rock fragments and boulders. Place individual rock fragments and boulders greater than 24 inches in diameter as follows:

(1) Reduce rock to less than 48 inches in the largest dimension.

(2) Distribute rock within the embankment to prevent nesting.

(3) Place layers of embankment material around each rock to a depth not greater than that permitted by (b) above. Fill all the voids between rocks.

(4) Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11 before placing the next layer.

(d) Embankment outside of roadway prism. Where placing embankment outside the staked roadway prism, place material in horizontal layers not exceeding 24 inches in compacted thickness. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11.

204.11 Compaction. Compact the embankment using one of the following methods as specified:

(a) Compaction A. Use AASHTO T 27 to determine the amount of material retained on a Number 4 sieve. If there is more than 80 percent retained on the No. 4 sieve use procedure (1). If there is 50 to 80 percent retained on the No. 4 sieve use procedure (2). If there is less than 50 percent retained on the No. 4 sieve use procedure (3).

(1) Adjust the moisture content to a level suitable for compaction. Fill the interstices around rock with earth or other fine material as practical. Use compression-type rollers at speeds less than 6 feet per second and vibratory rollers at speeds less than 3 feet per second. Compact each layer of material full width with one of the following and until there is no visible evidence of further consolidation.

(a) Four roller passes of a vibratory roller having a minimum dynamic force of 40,000 pounds impact per vibration and a minimum frequency of 1000 vibrations per minute.

(b) Eight roller passes of a 20-ton compression-type roller.

(c) Eight roller passes of a vibratory roller having a minimum dynamic force of 30,000 pounds impact per vibration and a minimum frequency of 1000 vibrations per minute.

Increase the compactive effort for layers deeper than 12 inches as follows:

• For each additional 6 inches or fraction thereof, increase the number of roller passes in (a) above by four passes.

• For each additional 6 inches or fraction thereof, increase the number of roller passes in (b) and (c) above, by eight passes.

(2) Use AASHTO T 99 to determine the optimum moisture content of the portion of the material passing a No. 4 sieve. Multiply this number by the percentage of material passing a No. 4 sieve, and add 2 percent to determine the optimum moisture content of the material. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-1 through A-5 to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-6 and A-7 to within 2 percent of the optimum moisture content.

Use compression-type rollers at speeds less than 6 feet per second and vibratory rollers at speeds less than 3 feet per second. Compact each layer of material full width according to (1) above.

(3) Classify the material according to AASHTO M 145. For material classified A-1 or A-2- 4, determine the maximum density according to AASHTO T 180, method D. For other material classifications, determine the optimum moisture content and maximum density according to AASHTO T 99, method C.

Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-1 through A-5 to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-6 and A-7 to within 2 percent of the optimum moisture content.

Use compression-type or vibratory rollers. Compact each layer of material full width to at least 95 percent of the maximum density. Determine the in-place density and moisture content according to AASHTO T 310 or other approved test procedures. When required, use AASHTO T 224 to correct for coarse particles.

(b) Compaction B. Place material by end dumping to the minimum depth needed for operation of spreading equipment. Adjust the moisture content of the material to obtain a mass that will not visibly deflect under the load of the hauling and spreading equipment.

Operate compaction equipment over the full width of each layer until there is no visible evidence of further consolidation or, if when a sheepsfoot roller is used, the roller “walks out” of the layer. Make at least three complete passes.

(c) Compaction C. Place material by end dumping to the minimum depth needed for operation of spreading equipment. Level and smooth each embankment layer before placing the next layers. Operate hauling and spreading equipment uniformly over the full width of each layer. Construct a solid embankment with adequate compaction by working smaller rock and fines in with the larger rocks to fill the voids, and by operating hauling and spreading equipment uniformly over the full width of each layer as the embankment is constructed.

(d) Compaction D. Hauling and Spreading Equipment. Adjust the moisture content to a level suitable for compaction. Compact the material by operating equipment over the full width of the roadway.

(e) Compaction E. Roller Compaction. Adjust the moisture content to a level suitable for compaction. Operate Rollers over the full width of each layer until visual displacement ceases, but not fewer than three complete passes. Use rollers that meet the following requirements:

(1) Steel wheeled rollers, other than vibratory, capable of exerting a force of not less than 250 pounds per inch of width of the compression roll or rolls.

(2) Vibratory steel wheeled rollers equipped with amplitude and frequency controls with a minimum weight of 6 tons, specifically designed to compact the material on which it is used.

(3) Pneumatic-tired rollers with smooth tread tires of equal size that will provide a uniform compacting pressure for the full width of the roller and capable of exerting a ground pressure of at least 80 psi.

(4) Sheepsfoot, tamping, or grid rollers capable of exerting a force of 250 lbs/inch of width of roller drum.

(f) Compaction F. Mechanical Tamper. Adjust the moisture content of the backfill material to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Compact each 6 inch layer with a minimum of three complete passes with a mechanical tamper.

204.12 Ditches. Slope, grade, and shape ditches. Remove all projecting roots, stumps, rock, or similar matter. Maintain all ditches in an open condition and free from leaves, sticks, and other debris.

Form furrow ditches by plowing or using other acceptable methods to produce a continuous furrow. Place all excavated material on the downhill side so the bottom of the ditch is approximately 18 inches below the crest of the loose material. Clean the ditch using a hand shovel, ditcher, or other suitable method. Shape to provide drainage without overflow.

204.13 Sloping, Shaping, and Finishing. Complete slopes, ditches, culverts, riprap, and other underground minor structures before placing aggregate courses. Slope, shape, and finish as follows:

(a) Sloping. Leave all earth slopes with uniform roughened surfaces, except as described in

(b) below, with no noticeable break as viewed from the road. Except in solid rock, round tops and bottoms of all slopes including the slopes of drainage ditches. Round material overlaying solid rock to the extent practical. Scale all rock slopes. Slope rounding is not required on tolerance class D though M roads.

If a slide or slipout occurs on a cut or embankment slope, remove or replace the material, and repair or restore all damage to the work. Bench or key the slope to stabilize the slide.

Reshape the cut or embankment slope to an acceptable condition.

(b) Stepped slopes. Where required by the contract, construct steps on slopes of 1⅓V:1H to 1V:2H. Construct the steps approximately 18 inches high. Blend the steps into natural ground at the end of the cut. If the slope contains nonrippable rock outcrops, blend steps into the rock. Remove loose material found in transitional area. Except for removing large rocks that may fall, scaling stepped slopes is not required.

(c) Shaping. Shape the subgrade to a smooth surface and to the cross-section required.

Shape slopes to gradually transition into slope adjustments without noticeable breaks. At the ends of cuts and at intersections of cuts and embankments, adjust slopes in the horizontal and vertical planes to blend into each other or into the natural ground.

(d) Finishing. Finish the roadbed to be smooth and uniform, and shaped to conform to the typical sections. Remove unsuitable material from the roadbed and replace it with suitable material. Finish roadbeds to the tolerance class shown in table 204-2.Ensure that the subgrade is visibly moist during shaping and dressing. Scarify to 6 inches below the bottom of low sections, holes, cracks, or depressions and bring back to grade with suitable material.

Maintain proper ditch drainage.

For surfaced roads, remove all material larger than 6 inches from the top 6 inches of the roadbed.

For unsurfaced roads, use one of the following methods to finish the roadbed:

(1) Method A. Remove all material larger than 6 inches from the top 6 inches of the roadbed and replace with suitable material.

(2) Method B. Use a vibratory grid roller or approved equal with a minimum weight of 10 tons. Roll at least 5 full-width passes or until there is no visible evidence of further consolidation.

(3) Method C. For roads designated as Construction Tolerance Class K, L, or M, finish the roadbed by spreading the excavation. Eliminate rock berms.

204.14 Disposal of Unsuitable or Excess Material. Dispose of unsuitable or excess material at designated sites or legally off of the project.

When there is a pay item for waste, shape and compact the waste material in its final location.

Do not mix clearing or other material not subject to payment with the waste material.

204.15 Acceptance. See Table 204-1 for sampling and testing requirements.

Material for embankment and conserved topsoil will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and embankment construction will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Clearing and removal of obstructions will be evaluated under Sections 201 and 203.

Measurement

204.16 Measure the Section 204 items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection

109.02 and the following as applicable.

(a) Roadway excavation. Measure roadway excavation in its original position as follows:

(1) Include the following volumes in roadway excavation:

(a) Roadway prism excavation;

(b) Rock material excavated and removed from below subgrade in cut sections;

(c) Unsuitable material below subgrade and unsuitable material beneath embankment areas when a pay item for subexcavation is not shown in the bid schedule;

(d) Ditches, except furrow ditches measured under a separate bid item;

(e)Topsoil;

(f) Borrow material used in the work when a pay item for borrow is not shown in the bid schedule;

(g) Loose scattered rocks removed and placed as required within the roadway;

(h) Conserved material taken from stockpiles and used in Section 204 work; and

(i) Slide and slipout material not attributable to the Contractor's method of operation.

(2) Do not include the following in roadway excavation:

(a) Overburden and other spoil material from borrow sources;

(b) Overbreakage from the backslope in rock excavation;

(c) Water or other liquid material;

(d) Material used for purposes other than required;

(e) Roadbed material scarified in place and not removed;

(f) Material excavated when stepping cut slopes;

(g) Material excavated when rounding cut slopes;

(h) Preparing foundations for embankment construction;

(i) Material excavated when benching for embankments;

(j) Slide or slipout material attributable to the Contractor's method of operation;

(k) Conserved material taken from stockpiles constructed at the option of the Contractor; and

(l) Material excavated outside the established slope limits.

(3) When both roadway excavation and embankment construction pay items are shown in the bid schedule, measure the following as roadway excavation only:

(a) Unsuitable material below subgrade in cuts and unsuitable material beneath embankment areas when a pay item for subexcavation is not shown in the bid schedule;

(b) Slide and slipout material not attributable to the Contractor’s method of operations; and

(c) Drainage ditches, channel changes, and diversion ditches.

(b) Unclassified borrow, select borrow, and select topping. When measuring by the cubic yard measure in its original position. If borrow excavation is measured by the cubic yard in place, take initial cross-sections of the ground surface after stripping overburden. Upon completion of excavation and after the borrow source waste material is returned to the source, retake cross-sections before replacing the overburden.

Do not measure borrow excavation used in place of excess roadway excavation.

(c) Embankment construction. Measure embankment construction in its final position. Do not make deductions from the embankment construction quantity for the volume of minor structures.

(1) Include the following volumes in embankment construction:

(a) Roadway embankments;

(b) Material used to backfill subexcavated areas, holes, pits, and other depressions;

(c) Material used to restore obliterated roadbeds to original contours; and

(d) Material used for dikes, ramps, mounds, and berms.

(2) Do not include the following in embankment construction:

(a) Preparing foundations for embankment construction;

(b) Adjustments for subsidence or settlement of the embankment or of the foundation on which the embankment is placed; and

(c) Material used to round fill slopes.

(d) Rounding cut slopes. Measure rounding cut slopes horizontally along the centerline of the roadway if a pay item for slope rounding is included in the bid schedule. If a pay item for slope rounding is not included in the bid schedule slope rounding will be considered subsidiary to excavation.

(e) Waste. Measure waste by the cubic yard in its final position. Take initial cross-sections of the ground surface after stripping over burden. Upon completion of the waste placement, retake cross-sections before replacing overburden.

(f) Slope scaling. Measure slope scaling by the cubic yard in the hauling vehicle.

Payment

204.17 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 204 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

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251 - Riprap 251.00_01_us_10_11_2006

251.01 Description

Delete the first sentence and add the following:

This work consists of furnishing, hauling, and placing of riprap for bank protection, slope protection, drainage structures, erosion control, and other features shown on the plans.

251.02 Material.

When shown on the plans stone from the project site may be utilized.

251.07 Acceptance

Delete sampling and testing requirements of Table 251-1 and certification requirements of Subsection 106.03.

251.09 Payment.

The cost of excavation, embankment and haul required for placement of riprap is incidental to pay items listed in the bid schedule. No payment will be made under Item 251.

322 - Minor Aggregate Courses 322.00_nat_us_10_24_2007

Description

322.01 This work consists of constructing one or more courses of aggregate on a prepared surface. Work includes producing aggregate by grid rolling, screening, or crushing methods, or placing pit-run or Government-furnished aggregate.

Surface aggregate grading is designated as shown in Table 703-3.

Subbase and base aggregate grading is designated as shown in Table 703-2.

Screened aggregate grading is designated as shown in Table 703-16.

Material

322.02 Conform to the following Subsections:

Aggregate 703.05 Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

322.03 General. Prepare the surface on which the aggregate course is placed according to Section 204 or 303 as applicable.

Request approval of the roadbed in writing before placing aggregate.

Develop, haul, and apply water in accordance to Section 170.

Submit target values within the gradation ranges shown in Table 703-2 or 703-3 for the required grading. After reviewing the proposed target values the CO will determine the final values for the gradation and notify the Contractor in writing.

No quality requirements or gradation other than maximum size will be required for pit run and grid-rolled material. For grid rolling, use all suitable material that can be reduced to maximum size.

After processing on the road, remove all oversize material from the road and dispose of it as directed by the CO.

If the aggregate is produced and stockpiled before placement, handle and stockpiled according to Section 320. Establish stockpile sites at approved locations.

322.04 Mixing and Spreading. Mix the aggregate and adjust the moisture content to obtain a uniform mixture with a moisture content suitable for the specified compaction method. Spread and shape the mixture on the prepared surface in a uniform layer with no segregation of size, and to a loose depth that will provide the required compacted thickness.

Do not place in layers exceeding 6 inches in compacted thickness for aggregate base and surface courses or twice the maximum particle size for screened aggregate. When more than one layer is necessary, compact each layer according to Subsection 322.05 before placing the next layer. Route hauling and leveling equipment uniformly over the full width.

When placing aggregate over geotextile, place aggregate in a single lift to the full depth specified.

322.05 Compacting. Compact each layer full width. Roll from the sides to the center, parallel to the centerline of the road. Along curbs, headers, walls, and all places not accessible to the roller, compact the material with approved tampers or compactors.

Compact the aggregate using one of the following methods as specified:

Compaction A. Operating spreading and hauling equipment over the full width of the travelway.

Compaction B. Operate rollers and compact as specified in Subsection 204.11(a)(1).

Compaction C. Moisten or dry the aggregate to a uniform moisture content between 5 and 7 percent based on total dry weight of the mixture. Operate rollers and compact as specified in Subsection 204.11(a)(1).

Compaction D. Compact to a density of at least 95 percent of the maximum density, as determined by AASHTO T 99, method C or D.

Compaction E. Compact to a density of at least 96 percent of the maximum density, as determined by the Modified Marshall Hammer Compaction Method (available upon request from USDA Forest Service, Regional Materials Engineering Center, P.O. Box 7669, Missoula, MT 59807).

Compaction F. Compact to a density of at least 95 per-cent of the maximum density, as determined by AASHTO T 180, method C or D.

Compaction G. Compact to a density of at least 100 percent of the maximum density as determined by the Modified Marshall Hammer Compaction Method (available upon request from USDA Forest Service, Regional Materials Engineering Center, P.O. Box 7669, Missoula, MT 59807).

For all compaction methods, blade the surface of each layer during the compaction operations to remove irregularities and produce a smooth, even surface. When a density requirement is specified, determine the in place density and moisture content according to AASHTO T 310 or other approved test procedures.

322.06 Construction Tolerance. If grade finishing stakes are required, finish the surface to within ±0.10 feet from staked line and grade elevation.

If grade finishing stakes are not required, shape the surface to the required template and check the surface with a 10-foot straightedge. Defective areas are surface deviations in excess of 1/2 inch in 10 feet between any two contacts of the straightedge with the surface.

Correct all defective areas by loosening the material, adding or removing material, reshaping, and compacting.

Ensure that the compacted thickness is not consistently above or below the specified thickness.

The maximum variation from the compacted specified thickness is ½ inch.

Ensure that the compacted width is not consistently above the specified width. The maximum variation from the specified width will not exceed +12 inches at any point.

322.07 Maintenance. Maintain the aggregate course to the correct line, grade, and cross-section by blading, watering, rolling, or any combination thereof until placement of the next course.

Correct all defects according to Subsection 322.06.

322.08 Acceptance. See Table 322-1 or Table 322-2 as applicable, for sampling and testing requirements.

Aggregate gradation and surface course plasticity index will be evaluated under Subsection

106.04. If the aggregate is obtained from a Government stockpile then the above characteristics will be evaluated under Subsection 106.02. Other aggregate quality properties will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04. Placement of aggregate courses will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

The allowable upper and lower aggregate gradation limits are the Target Value plus or minus the allowable deviations shown in Tables 703-2 and 703-3.

The allowable upper and lower Plasticity index limits for surface courses are stated in 703.05(b).

Preparation of the surface on which the aggregate course is placed will be evaluated under Section 204 or 303 as applicable.

Measurement

322.09 Measure the Section 322 items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

Measure square yard width horizontally to include the top of aggregate width including designed widening. Measure the square yard length horizontally along the centerline of the roadway.

If the measurement for aggregate is by cubic yard using contract quantities then measure aggregate by the cubic yard in-place once compacted, otherwise measurement for aggregate by the cubic yard is measured by the cubic yard in the hauling vehicle.

Measure thickness perpendicular to the grade of the travelway.

Measure width perpendicular to the centerline.

Payment

322.10 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 322 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

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705 - Rock 705.02_01_us_10_12_2006

705.02 Riprap Rock

Delete the second sentence of this subsection. Additionally delete the requirements specified for (a), (b), and (c).

718 - Traffic Signing and Marking Material 718.05_nat_us_02_25_2008

718.05 Aluminum Panels

Delete the third paragraph and replace with the following:

Clean, degrease and properly prepare the panels according to methods recommended by the sheeting manufacturer. Conversion coatings will conform to ASTM B-921 or ASTM B-449.