055210_pipe_and_tube_railings_DF.doc

SECTION 055210 - PIPE AND TUBE HANDRAIL

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the following:

Adjust list below to suit Project.

1. Steel pipe and tube handrail and brackets.

1.2 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Delete first two paragraphs and associated subparagraphs below if requirements are indicated on Drawings or if authorities having jurisdiction require structural engineer of record to take full responsibility for structural design. Delete first paragraph and subparagraphs if performance requirements are verified by testing rather than by engineering calculations.

A. General: In sizing railings to withstand structural loads indicated, determine allowable design working stresses of railing materials based on the following:

Retain only those requirements in three subparagraphs below that apply to materials specified in Part 2.

1. Steel: 72 percent of minimum yield strength.

B. Structural Performance: Provide railings capable of withstanding the effects of gravity loads and the following loads and stresses within limits and under conditions indicated:

Subparagraphs and associated subparagraphs below are examples only and are based on typical requirements of model codes. For some occupancy categories under certain circumstances, model codes have less-stringent provisions; revise to suit Project and to comply with requirements of authorities having jurisdiction.

1. Handrails:

a. Uniform load of 50 lbf/ ft. (0.73 kN/m) applied in any direction.

b. Concentrated load of 300 lbf (0.89 kN) applied in any direction.

c. Uniform and concentrated loads need not be assumed to act concurrently.

Delete two paragraphs and associated subparagraph below if only interior railings are required.

C. Control of Corrosion: Prevent galvanic action and other forms of corrosion by insulating metals and other materials from direct contact with incompatible materials.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For the following:

Delete first subparagraph below if mechanically connected railings are not specified.

1. Cast brackets and appurtenances.

2. Anchors and fasteners.

3. Grout, anchoring cement, and paint products.

B. Shop Drawings: Include plans, elevations, sections, details, and attachments to other work.

Retain subparagraph below if products are required to withstand specific design loads and design responsibilities have been delegated to Contractor or if structural data are required as another way to verify products' compliance with performance requirements. Professional engineer qualifications are specified in Division 1 Section "Quality Requirements."

Retain paragraph above or paragraph and subparagraphs below, or both, if required.

Retain paragraph below if procedures for welder certification are retained in "Quality Assurance" Article.

C. Welding certificates.

Paragraph below may be used for verification of performance requirements if authorities having jurisdiction do not allow Contractor to provide engineering calculations.

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

Delete paragraph and subparagraphs below if no welding. Retain "Welding certificates" Paragraph in "Submittals" Article if retaining below. AWS states that welding qualifications remain in effect indefinitely unless welding personnel have not welded for more than six months or there is a specific reason to question their ability.

A. Welding: Qualify procedures and personnel according to AWS D1.1, "Structural Welding Code--Steel."

1.5 PROJECT CONDITIONS

If possible, design railings so that they do not have to fit other construction, and delete this Article.

A. Field Measurements: Verify actual locations of walls, rails, mounting posts, and other construction contiguous with railings by field measurements before fabrication and indicate measurements on Shop Drawings.

Delete first subparagraph below if not allowed.

1. Established Dimensions: Where field measurements cannot be made without delaying the Work, establish dimensions from plans and proceed with fabricating railings without field measurements. Verify dimensions as work allows.

2. Provide allowance for trimming and fitting at site.

1.6 COORDINATION AND SCHEDULING

A. Coordinate installation of anchorages for railings. Furnish setting drawings, templates, and directions for installing anchorages, including sleeves, concrete inserts, anchor bolts, and items with integral anchors, that are to be embedded in concrete or masonry. Deliver such items to Project site in time for installation.

B. Schedule installation so wall attachments are made only to completed walls. Do not support railings temporarily by any means that do not satisfy structural performance requirements.

1.7 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

This item shall include all pipe handrail, supports, brackets and perforated metal panels as shown on the plans for installation inside the Tower, and on the exterior viewing platform. Work shall include fabrication, installation, painting, finishing, cleanup, and all associated work for a complete and functional installation as shown on the drawings.

Measurement for this item will be one lump sum for the completed work. Payment will be made at the contract unit price as shown on the Schedule of Item.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 METALS, GENERAL

A. Metal Surfaces, General: Provide materials with smooth surfaces, without seam marks, roller marks, rolled trade names, stains, discolorations, or blemishes.

B. Brackets, Flanges, and Anchors: Cast or formed metal of same type of material and finish as supported rails, unless otherwise indicated.

Yield strength for Alloy 6061-T6 is 32 to 35 ksi (220 to 240 MPa). Note that 6061-T6 is not suitable for bending, is somewhat less corrosion resistant than 6063, and does not anodize as well as 6063; however, 6063 is not available in plate and sheet form.

Revise pattern and wire size in paragraph below if required.

2.2 STEEL AND IRON

Retain material types, qualities, and grades in this Article that are indicated in Specifications or on Drawings.

Usually retain all three options in paragraph below unless structural engineer of record has designed railings.

A. Tubing: ASTM A 500 (cold formed) or ASTM A 513, Type 5 (mandrel drawn).

Primary difference between round steel tubing and steel pipe is in outside dimensions. Pipe sizes are normally indicated by use of nominal pipe size designator and weight class or schedule number; for tubing, OD and wall thickness are used. See Evaluations.

Type, grade, and weight in first paragraph below are typical default requirements; revise to suit Project.

B. Pipe: ASTM A 53/A 53M, Type F or Type S, Grade A, Standard Weight (Schedule 40), unless another grade and weight are required by structural loads.

Delete subparagraph below if railings are galvanized after fabrication or if no galvanized railings.

C. Plates, Shapes, and Bars: ASTM A 36/A 36M.

D. Castings: Either gray or malleable iron, unless otherwise indicated.

1. Gray Iron: ASTM A 48/A 48M, Class 30, unless another class is indicated or required by structural loads.

2. Malleable Iron: ASTM A 47/A 47M.

E. Perforated steel: Plain steel 11 gauge sheet, ½” hex opening, 1/16” divider, 80% open area with 1” unpunched margin on edge. Material as manufactured by McNichols Co, mcnichols.com, 1-800-237-3820 or equivalent.

Style designations in subparagraph below indicate size. 3/4 number 13 has openings approximately 3/4 by 1-1/2 inches (20 by 40 mm) and is 0.09 to 0.10 inch (2.3 to 2.5 mm) thick; 1-1/2 number 10 has openings approximately 1 by 2-1/2 inches (25 by 65 mm) and is 0.13 to 0.142 inch (3.3 to 3.6 mm) thick.

2.3 FASTENERS

A. General: Provide the following:

Retain or revise applicable requirements in three subparagraphs below.

1. Steel Railings: Plated steel fasteners complying with ASTM B 633, Class Fe/Zn 25 for electrodeposited zinc coating.

B. Fasteners for Anchoring Railings to Other Construction: Select fasteners of type, grade, and class required to produce connections suitable for anchoring railings to other types of construction indicated.

C. Fasteners for Interconnecting Railing Components:

1. Provide concealed fasteners for interconnecting railing components and for attaching them to other work, unless otherwise indicated.

Delete subparagraph above or below. Above is more restrictive than below.

2. Provide concealed fasteners for interconnecting railing components and for attaching them to other work, unless exposed fasteners are unavoidable or are the standard fastening method for railings indicated.

Delete subparagraph below or revise if another type of head is required or is standard with system selected.

3. Provide tamper resistant flat-head machine screws for exposed fasteners, unless otherwise indicated.

Delete paragraph below if not applicable. If retaining, select acceptable types and verify safety factors with Project's structural engineer.

D. Anchors: Provide epoxy set anchors, fabricated from corrosion-resistant materials with capability to sustain, without failure, a load equal to four times the load imposed when installed.

2.4 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS

A. Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes: Select according to AWS specifications for metal alloy welded.

Delete subparagraph below if aluminum railings are not used or are not welded.

Select paragraph above or one or more of first three paragraphs and associated subparagraphs below if primers are required. First paragraph below specifies a typical primer for painted finishes that provides minimum protection to steel. Second paragraph specifies a typical primer for high-performance coating on steel. Third paragraph specifies a typical primer for galvanized steel. If retaining both first and second paragraphs and associated subparagraphs below, indicate on Drawings or in a schedule where each is required.

B. Universal Shop Primer: Fast-curing, lead- and chromate-free, universal modified-alkyd primer complying with MPI#79.

VOC limit in optional text below is the EPA limit for rust-preventive architectural coatings.

Delete subparagraph below if zinc-rich primer is not used.

C. Nonshrink, Nonmetallic Grout: Factory-packaged, nonstaining, noncorrosive, nongaseous grout complying with ASTM C 1107. Provide grout specifically recommended by manufacturer for interior and exterior applications.

D. Anchoring Cement: Factory-packaged, nonshrink, nonstaining, hydraulic-controlled expansion cement formulation for mixing with water at Project site to create pourable anchoring, patching, and grouting compound.

Retain subparagraph below if railings are used at exterior or wet locations.

2.5 FABRICATION

A. General: Fabricate railings to comply with requirements indicated for design, dimensions, member sizes and spacing, details, finish, and anchorage.

B. Assemble railings in the shop to greatest extent possible to minimize field splicing and assembly. Disassemble units only as necessary for shipping and handling limitations. Clearly mark units for reassembly and coordinated installation. Use connections that maintain structural value of joined pieces.

C. Cut, drill, and punch metals cleanly and accurately. Remove burrs and ease edges to a radius of approximately 1/32 inch, unless otherwise indicated. Remove sharp or rough areas on exposed surfaces.

D. Form work true to line and level with accurate angles and surfaces.

E. Fabricate connections that will be exposed to weather in a manner to exclude water. Provide weep holes where water may accumulate.

F. Cut, reinforce, drill, and tap as indicated to receive finish hardware, screws, and similar items.

G. Connections: Fabricate railings with welded connections, unless otherwise indicated.

Delete paragraph and subparagraphs below if only nonwelded connections are acceptable or are compatible with metals and finishes retained. Connections below are generally applicable to exposed welding of steel and stainless steel.

H. Welded Connections: Cope components at connections to provide close fit, or use fittings designed for this purpose. Weld all around at connections, including at fittings.

1. Use materials and methods that minimize distortion and develop strength and corrosion resistance of base metals.

2. Obtain fusion without undercut or overlap.

3. Remove flux immediately.

4. At exposed connections, finish exposed surfaces smooth and blended so no roughness shows after finishing and welded surface matches contours of adjoining surfaces.

First paragraph below describes CraneVeyor's system.

I. Nonwelded Connections: Connect members with concealed mechanical fasteners and fittings. Fabricate members and fittings to produce flush, smooth, rigid, hairline joints.

Subparagraph below is an alternative to concealed mechanical fasteners and fittings.

1. Fabricate splice joints for field connection using an epoxy structural adhesive if this is manufacturer's standard splicing method.

J. Form changes in direction as follows:

Retain one of five subparagraphs below.

1. As detailed.

Retain one of three subparagraphs below if bending is used. First subparagraph allows fabricator to choose radius of bends. Second is for flush (zero-radius) bends. Third is for radii that are shown on Drawings.

2. By radius bends of radius indicated or by inserting prefabricated elbow fittings of radius indicated.

Retain subparagraph and one of three options below if bending is not used. First option allows fabricator to choose radius of fittings. Second is for flush (zero-radius) fittings. Third is for radii that are shown on Drawings.

3. By inserting prefabricated elbow fittings of radius indicated.

Retain first paragraph below unless all bends are made with elbow fittings.

K. Form simple and compound curves by bending members in jigs to produce uniform curvature for each repetitive configuration required; maintain cross section of member throughout entire bend without buckling, twisting, cracking, or otherwise deforming exposed surfaces of components.

L. Close exposed ends of railing members with prefabricated end fittings.

M. Provide wall returns at ends of wall-mounted handrails, unless otherwise indicated. Close ends of returns unless clearance between end of rail and wall is 1/4 inch or less.

N. Brackets, Flanges, Fittings, and Anchors: Provide wall brackets, flanges, miscellaneous fittings, and anchors to interconnect railing members to other work, unless otherwise indicated.

Retain subparagraph below if any railings are supported from plaster or gypsum board walls.

O. Provide inserts and other anchorage devices for connecting railings to concrete or masonry work. Fabricate anchorage devices capable of withstanding loads imposed by railings. Coordinate anchorage devices with supporting structure.

2.5 Perforated-Metal Infill Panels:

A. Fabricate infill panels to pattern, dimensions, open area, and unperforated borders as shown on drawings.

P. Sandblast, debur, chamfer, and smooth edges, corners, and surfaces of sheets. Sheets shall be free of all projections, burs and sharp corners and edges so as to not to cut or abrade skin that contacts sheets.

Q. Degrease, clean and shop prime immediately after sandblasting and preparation before surface oxidation and rust is able to form.

R. Paint sheets before delivery, and wrap to prevent scratching and finish damage during transportation.

S. Field touch up paint after installation.

Coordinate selection in subparagraph below with wire mesh pattern selected.

Retain paragraph below if required for protection against objects falling over edge of traffic surfaces. Delete if curb or other construction under rail satisfies toe-board requirement. Indicate locations, dimensions, and details on Drawings.

2.6 FINISHES, GENERAL

A. Comply with NAAMM's "Metal Finishes Manual for Architectural and Metal Products" for recommendations for applying and designating finishes.

Delete paragraph below if no mechanical finishes.

B. Protect mechanical finishes on exposed surfaces from damage by applying a strippable, temporary protective covering before shipping.

Delete paragraph below if no variable finishes, such as color-anodized aluminum, are used.

C. Appearance of Finished Work: Variations in appearance of abutting or adjacent pieces are acceptable if they are within one-half of the range of approved Samples. Noticeable variations in the same piece are not acceptable. Variations in appearance of other components are acceptable if they are within the range of approved Samples and are assembled or installed to minimize contrast.

Retain paragraph below if exposed fasteners are allowed, especially with color anodic finish.

D. Provide exposed fasteners with finish matching appearance, including color and texture, of railings.

For exact finish, insert names of coating manufacturers and products.

2.7 STEEL AND IRON FINISHES

Retain paragraph and subparagraphs below if any steel and iron railings are galvanized.

Retain paragraph above for shop-primed galvanized railings, first paragraph and subparagraphs below for nongalvanized railings.

A. Preparation for Shop Priming: Prepare uncoated ferrous-metal surfaces to comply with minimum requirements indicated below for SSPC surface preparation specifications and environmental exposure conditions of installed railings:

Retain one or more of three subparagraphs below to suit Project service conditions of installed work. Insert other exposures and preparation requirements where applicable. Refer to SSPC's painting manual. Two subparagraphs below apply to locations that would normally remain dry in service.

1. Exterior Railings (SSPC Zone 1B): SSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3, "Commercial Blast Cleaning."

2. Interior Railings (SSPC Zone 1A): SSPC-SP 7/NACE No. 4, "Brush-off Blast Cleaning."

Delete subparagraph above and option in subparagraph below if all interior railings are to receive zinc-rich primer.

3. Interior Railings Indicated to Receive Zinc-Rich Primer (SSPC Zone 1A): SSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3, "Commercial Blast Cleaning."

B. Apply shop primer to prepared surfaces of railings, unless otherwise indicated. Comply with requirements in SSPC-PA 1, "Paint Application Specification No. 1: Shop, Field, and Maintenance Painting of Steel," for shop painting. Primer need not be applied to surfaces to be embedded in concrete or masonry.

Delete subparagraph below if galvanized railings are shop primed.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

Delete this Article if no handrails are attached to plaster or gypsum board assemblies.

A. Examine structural steel to insure that all members are ready for installation of railing and handrails. Level, smooth, and prepare masonry bearing surfaces.

3.2 INSTALLATION, GENERAL

A. Fit exposed connections together to form tight, hairline joints.

B. Perform cutting, drilling, and fitting required for installing railings. Set railings accurately in location, alignment, and elevation; measured from established lines and levels and free of rack.

1. Do not weld, cut, or abrade surfaces of railing components that have been coated or finished after fabrication and that are intended for field connection by mechanical or other means without further cutting or fitting.

2. Set posts plumb within a tolerance of 1/16 inch in 3 feet (2 mm in 1 m).

Revise subparagraph above and below if closer tolerances are required. Both are from NAAMM's "Pipe Railing Systems Manual."

3. Align rails so variations from level for horizontal members and variations from parallel with rake of steps and ramps for sloping members do not exceed 1/4 inch in 12 feet (5 mm in 3 m).

Delete first paragraph below if no aluminum.

C. Adjust railings before anchoring to ensure matching alignment at abutting joints.

D. Fastening to In-Place Construction: Use anchorage devices and fasteners where necessary for securing railings and for properly transferring loads to in-place construction.

3.3 RAILING CONNECTIONS

A. Nonwelded Connections: Use mechanical or adhesive joints for permanently connecting railing components. Use wood blocks and padding during installation to prevent damage to railing members and fittings. Seal recessed holes of exposed locking screws using plastic cement filler colored to match finish of railings.

Delete paragraph above or below unless both methods are required. If both mechanical and welded connections are required, indicate locations of each on Drawings.

B. Welded Connections: Use fully welded joints for permanently connecting railing components. Comply with requirements for welded connections in Part 2 "Fabrication" Article whether welding is performed in the shop or in the field.

Delete paragraph below if no expansion joints are required or revise to suit Project. Indicate locations on Drawings based on temperature changes expected and coefficient of expansion of metals involved.

3.4 ATTACHING HANDRAILS TO SUPPORTS

Revise first paragraph below if end return fittings are also used to support handrails.

A. Attach handrails with cast wall brackets. Provide brackets with 1-1/2-inch clearance from inside face of handrail and finished wall surface.

Retain subparagraph above or below.

1. Use type of bracket with predrilled hole for exposed bolt anchorage.

B. Locate brackets as indicated or, if not indicated, at spacing required to support structural loads.

Revise paragraph below if end return fittings are also used to support handrails.

C. Secure wall brackets to building construction as follows:

Delete three subparagraphs below if not applicable or revise to suit Project.

1. For concrete and solid masonry anchorage, use drilled-in expansion shields and hanger or lag bolts.

Select one of three subparagraphs below if steel studs are used. Wood blocking may not be allowed in fire-resistance-rated partitions.

2. For steel-framed support, fasten brackets directly to steel framing using bolts of size and type required to support structural loads.

3.5 ADJUSTING AND CLEANING

A. Clean by washing thoroughly with clean water and soap and rinsing with clean water.

B. Touchup Painting: Immediately after erection, clean field welds, bolted connections, and abraded areas of shop paint, and paint exposed areas with same material as used for shop painting to comply with SSPC-PA 1 for touching up shop-painted surfaces.

Retain paragraph above if touchup painting is included in this Section. Retain paragraph below if it is specified in Division 9 painting Sections. Revise reference if another Division 9 Section, such as "High-Performance Coatings," is used.

Delete paragraph below if no galvanized materials.

3.6 PROTECTION

A. Protect finishes of railings from damage during construction period with temporary protective coverings approved by railing manufacturer. Remove protective coverings at time of Substantial Completion.

B. Restore finishes damaged during installation and construction period so no evidence remains of correction work. Return items that cannot be refinished in the field to the shop; make required alterations and refinish entire unit, or provide new units.

PIPE AND TUBE RAILINGS

SECTION 05521-3