Bird Tour Road Specifications.doc

STANDARD

SPECIFICATIONS

FOR CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF ROADS NFSR 96.1, NFSR 69.0 AND NFSR 104.1

ON THE PAWNEE GRASS LANDS

PAWNEE GRASS LANDS – BIRD TOUR

U.S. Customary Units

USDA Forest Service Portions of this Specification for the Pawnee Grasslands Bird Tour were taken from the following:

Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects

FP-03

U.S. Customary Units

U.S. DEPARTMENT

OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Highway Administration

Table of Contents

1Portions of this Specification for the Pawnee Grasslands Bird Tour were taken from the following:

2Table of Contents

Section 101. – TERMS, FORMAT, AND DEFINITIONS 15Section 103. – SCOPE OF WORK

16Section 104. – CONTROL OF WORK

21Section 105. – CONTROL OF MATERIAL

23Section 106. – ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

27Section 107. – LEGAL RELATIONS AND REPONSIBLITY TO THE PUBLIC

31Section 109. – MEASUREMENT OF PAYMENT

38Section 151. - Mobilization

40Section 152. - Construction Survey and Staking

44Section 153. - Contractor Quality Control

47Section 154. - Contractor Sampling and Testing

49Section 156. — PUBLIC TRAFFIC

53Section 157. – SOIL EROSION CONTROL

58Section 170. - Develop Water Supply and Watering

59Section 201. - Clearing and Grubbing

60Section 203. - REMOVAL OF OBSTRUCTIONS

61Section 204. - Excavation and Embankment

73Section 207. — EARTHWORK GEOTEXTILES

75Section 303. – ROAD RECONDITIONING

78Section 306. – DUST PALLIATIVE

81Section 324. – MINOR AGGREGATE, COMMERCIAL SOURCE

86Section 409. — ASPHALT SURFACE TREATMENT

94Section 563. — PAINTING

102Section 607. — CLEANING, RECONDITIONING, AND REPAIRING CATTLEGUARDS

103Section 619. — FENCES, GATES, AND CATTLE GUARDS

109Section 625. — TURF ESTABLISHMENT

112Section 635. – TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL

115Section 703. – COARSE AGGREGATE

121Section 704. — SOIL

122Section 708. — PAINT

124Section 710. — FENCE AND GATES

125Section 713. — ROADSIDE IMPROVEMENT MATERIAL

131Section 714. - GEOTEXTILE

133Section 718. - TRAFFIC SIGNING AND MARKING MATERIAL

136Section 725. – MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL

Section 101. – TERMS, FORMAT, AND DEFINITIONS

101.01 Meaning of Terms

These specifications are generally written in the imperative mood. In sentences using the imperative mood, the subject, "the Contractor," is implied.

Also implied in this language are "shall," "shall be," or similar words and phrases. In material specifications, the subject may also be the supplier, fabricator, or manufacturer supplying material, products, or equipment for use on the project.

Wherever "directed," "required," "prescribed," or other similar words are used, the "direction," "requirement," or "order" of the Contracting Officer is intended. Similarly, wherever "approved," "acceptable," "suitable," "satisfactory," or similar words are used, the words mean "approved by," "acceptable to," or "satisfactory to" the Contracting Officer.

The word "will" generally pertains to decisions or actions of the Contracting Officer.

101.03 Abbreviations.

These specifications are divided into 10 Divisions.

Division 100 consists of general contract requirements for which no direct payment is made. The requirements contained in Division 100 are applicable to all contracts.

Division 150 consists of project contract requirements that are applicable to all contracts.

Work under Division 150 is paid for directly or indirectly according to Subsection 109.05 and the Section ordering the work. When there is no pay item in the bid schedule, no direct payment is made.

Divisions 200 through 600 consist of construction contract requirements for specific items of work. Work under these Divisions is paid for directly or indirectly according to

Subsection 109.05 and the Section ordering the work. When there is no pay item in the bid schedule, no direct payment is made.

Division 700 contains the material requirements for Divisions 150 through 600. No direct payment is made in Division 700. Payment for material is included as part of the work required in Divisions 150 through 600.

The first three digits of the pay item number in the Bid Schedule identify the Section under which the work is performed.

Whenever these abbreviations are used in the specifications, they represent the following:

(a) Acronyms.

AA — Aluminum Association

AAN — American Association of Nurserymen

AAR — Association of American Railroads

AASHTO — American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ACI — American Concrete Institute

ACPA — American Concrete Pavement Association

ADA — Americans with Disabilities Act

AFPA - American Forest and Paper Association AGC — Associated General Contractors of America

AI — Asphalt Institute

AIA — American Institute of Architects

AISC — American Institute of Steel Construction

AISI — American Iron and Steel Institute

AITC — American Institute of Timber Construction

ANSI — American National Standards Institute

APWA — American Public Works Association

ARA — American Railway Association

AREA — American Railway Engineering Association

ARTBA — American Road and Transportation Builders Association

ASCE — American Society of Civil Engineers

ASCII — American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASLA — American Society of Landscape Architects

ASTM — American Society for Testing and Materials

ATSSA — American Traffic Safety Services Association

AWPA — American Wood Preservers Association

AWS — American Welding Society

AWWA — American Water Works Association CFR — Code of Federal Regulations

CO — Contracting Officer and all representatives

CRSI — Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute

FAR — Federal Acquisition Regulations (48 CFR Chapter 1)

FHWA — Federal Highway Administration FICA — Federal Insurance Contributions Act

FLH — Federal Lands Highways

FSS — Federal Specifications and Standards

FTMS — Federal Test Method Standard

FUTA — Federal Unemployment Tax Act

GSA — General Services Administration

IEEE — Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

ISO — International Organization for Standardization

ISSA — International Slurry Surfacing Association

ITE — Institute of Transportation Engineers

MIL — Military Specifications

MPI — Master Painters Institute

MSHA — Mine Safety and Health Administration MUTCD — Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (for Streets and Highways)

NCHRP — National Cooperative Highway Research Program

NEMA — National Electrical Manufacturer's Association

NFPA — National Forest Products Association

NIST — National Institute of Standards and Technology

NESC — National Electrical Safety Code OSHA — Occupational Safety and Health Administration

PCA — Portland Cement Association

PCI — Prestressed Concrete Institute

PVC — Polyvinyl Chloride

PTI — Post-Tensioning Institute

SAE — Society of Automotive Engineers

SF — Standard Form

SI — International System of Units

SSPC — Steel Structures Painting Council

TAR — Transportation Acquisition Regulations (48 CFR Chapter 12)

UL — Underwriter's Laboratory

U.S. — United States of America

USC — United States Code

USGS — United States Geological Survey

USPS — United States Postal Service

WCLIB — West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau

(b) SI symbols.

A — ampere electric current cd — candela luminous intensity

ºC — degree Celsius temperature d — day time g — gram mass h — hour time

H — Henry inductance ha — hectare area

Hz — hertz (s-1) frequency

J — joule (N•m) energy

K — kelvin temperature

L — liter volume lx — lux illuminance m — meter length m2 — square meter area m3 — cubic meter volume min — minute time mp — milepost N — newton (kg•m/s2) force

Pa — pascal (N/m2) pressure ppm — part per million s — second time t — metric ton mass

V — volt (W/A) electric potential

W — watt (J/s) power

Ω — ohm V/A electric resistance

º — degree plane angle

' — minute plane angle

" — second plane angle

(c) SI prefix symbols.

E — exa 1018

P — peta 1015

T — tera 1012

G — giga 109

M — mega 106 k — kilo 103 c — centi 10-2 m — milli 10-3 μ — micro 10-6 n — nano 10-9 p — pico 10-12 f — femto 10-15 a — atto 10-18

101.04 Definitions.

The following definitions apply to this contract:

Award — The written acceptance of a bid by the CO.

Adjustment in Contract Price— “Equitable adjustment,” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “construction cost adjustment,” as used in the Timber Sale Contract, as applicable.

Backfill — Material used to replace or the act of replacing material removed during construction. Material placed or the act of placing material adjacent to structures.

Base — The layer or layers of material placed on a sub-base or sub-grade to support a surface course.

Bid — A written offer by a bidder to perform work at a quoted price.

Bidder — Any individual or legal entity submitting a bid.

Bid Guarantee — A form of security assuring that the bidder will not withdraw a bid within the period specified for acceptance and will execute a written contract and furnish required bonds.

Bid Schedule — The Schedule of Items.

Clear Zone — The portion of the roadside, including the shoulder, available for the safe use by an errant vehicle in which the driver may regain control of the vehicle.

Recommended distances for the clear zone are in the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide.

Commercial Certification — See Subsection 106.03.

Construction Limits — The limits on each side of the project that establish the area disturbed by construction operations and beyond which no disturbance is permitted.

Typically the construction limits are the same as the clearing limits, except when additional clearing is required.

Contract — The written agreement between the Government and the Contractor setting forth the obligations of the parties for the performance of and payment for the prescribed work.

Contracting Officer (CO) — An official of the Government with the authority to enter into, administer, and terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings.

The term includes certain authorized representatives of the CO acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the CO.

Contract Modification — Any written change in the terms of the contract. Contract modifications are of the following forms:

(a) Administrative change — A unilateral contract change, in writing, that does not affect the substantive rights of the parties (e.g., a change in the paying office or the appropriation data).

(b) Change order — A written order, signed by the CO, directing the Contractor to make a change that FAR Clause 52.243-4 Changes authorizes the CO to order without the Contractor's consent.

(c) Supplemental agreement — A contract modification that is accomplished by the mutual action of the parties.

Contractor — The individual or legal entity contracting with the Government for performance of prescribed work. In a timber sale contract, the contractor is the “purchaser”.

Contract Time — The specified time allowed for completion of all contract work.

Change— “Change” means “change order” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “design change” as used in the Timber Sale Contract.

Crashworthy — A highway feature is crashworthy if it was successfully crash tested under the NCHRP Report 350, Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features or earlier comparable criteria or if it was accepted through analysis by FHWA, based on similarity to other crashworthy features. A list of crashworthy highway features is available on the FHWA Safety website.

Cross-Section — A vertical section of the ground or structure at right angles to the centerline or baseline of the roadway or other work.

Day — A day is the time period shown on the calendar, which is 24-hours beginning and ending at midnight.

Density — Defined as the mass per unit volume of material. Specific gravity multiplied by the unit mass of water.

Design Quantity— “Design quantity” is a Forest Service method of measurement from the FS-96 Forest Service Specifications for the Construction of Roads and Bridges. Under these specifications this term is replaced by the term “Contract Quantities”.

Detour — An alternate existing or temporary roadway used to reroute public traffic in order to avoid the work or part of the work.

Diversion — A temporary rerouting of public traffic onto a temporary alignment within the project limits in order to bypass the work or a portion of the work.

Drawings — Design sheets or fabrication, erection, or construction details submitted to the Government by the Contractor according to FAR Clause 52.236-21 Specifications and Drawings for Construction. Also refers to submissions and submittals.

Forest Service—The United States of America, acting through the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Government — The Government of the United States of America.

Highway, Street, or Road — A general term denoting a public way for purposes of vehicular travel, including the entire area within the right-of-way.

Layer — See "lift."

Lift — Defined as follows:

(a) When placing and compacting soils and aggregates, a lift is any single, continuous layer of material that receives the same compaction effort throughout during a single work operation.

(b) When installing culvert pipe less than or equal to 48 inches in diameter, the backfill material placed on both sides of the pipe is considered to be contained in the same lift when the material is placed to the same elevation on both sides of the culvert, the compaction effort applied to one side of the culvert is the same as that applied to the other, and the compaction effort is applied to both sides of the pipe in a continuous operation.

Material — Any substances specified or necessary to satisfactorily complete the contract work.

Maximum Particle Size — The smallest sieve opening through which all particles in the material will pass.

Measurement — The process of identifying the dimensions, quantity, or capacity of an item. See Section 109 for measurement methods, terms, and definitions.

Neat Line—The neat line defines the proposed or specified limits of an excavation or structure.

Notice to Proceed — Written notice to the Contractor to begin the contract work.

Pavement Structure — The combination of sub-base, base, paving geo-textiles, and surface courses placed on a sub-grade to support and distribute the traffic load to the roadbed.

Pay Item — A specific item of work for which a unit and price is provided in the contract.

Payment Bond — The security executed by the Contractor and surety or sureties and furnished to the Government to ensure payments as required by law to all persons supplying labor or material according to the contract.

Performance Bond — The security executed by the Contractor and surety or sureties furnished to the Government to guarantee completion of the contract work.

Pioneer Road--Temporary construction access built along the route of the project.

Plans — The contract plans furnished by the Government showing the location, type, dimensions, and details of the work.

Production Certification — See Subsection 106.03.

Professional Engineer — Engineers who hold valid State licenses permitting them to offer engineering services directly to the public, who are experienced in the work for which they are responsible, who take legal responsibility for their engineering designs, and who are bound by a code of ethics to protect the public health.

Profile Grade — The trace of a vertical plane intersecting a particular surface of the proposed road construction located as shown on the plans, usually along the longitudinal centerline of the roadbed. Profile grade means either elevation or gradient of the trace according to the context.

Project — The specific section of the highway or other property on which construction is to be performed under the contract.

Protected Stream-course—A drainage shown on the plans or timber sale area map that requires designated mitigation measures.

Purchaser--The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corporation contracting with the Government under the terms of a Timber Sale Contract and acting independently or through agents, employees, or subcontractors.

Right-of-Way — A general term denoting

(1) The privilege to pass over land in some particular line (including easement, lease, permit, or license to occupy, use, or traverse public or private lands), or

(2) Real property necessary for the project, including roadway, buffer areas, access, and drainage areas.

Roadbed — The graded portion of a highway prepared as a foundation for the pavement structure and shoulders.

Roadside — Is defined as all area within the right-of-way excluding the traveled way and shoulders.

Roadway — In general, the portion of a highway, including shoulders, for vehicular use.

A divided highway has two or more roadways. In construction specifications, the portion of a highway within the construction limits.

Roadway Prism — The volume defined by the area between the original terrain cross-section and the final design cross-section multiplied by the horizontal distance along the centerline of the roadway.

Road Order—An order affecting and controlling traffic on roads under Forest Service jurisdiction. Road Orders are issued by a designated Forest Officer under the authorities of 36 CFR, part 260.

Roller Pass — One trip of a roller in one direction over any one spot.

Shoulder — The portion of the roadway contiguous to the traveled way for accommodation of stopped vehicles, for emergency use, and for lateral support of the pavement structure.

Schedule of Items — The schedule in the contract that contains a listing and description of construction items, quantities, units of measure, unit price, and amount.

Sieve — See AASHTO M 92.

Solicitation — The complete assembly of documents (whether attached or incorporated by reference) furnished to prospective bidders.

Special Contract Requirements — Defined as additions and revisions to the standard specifications applicable to an individual project.

Specifications — The written requirements for performing work.

Standard Forms — Numbered forms issued by the General Services Administration for use as contract documents.

Standard Plans — Detailed plans approved for repetitive use and included as part of the plans.

Standard Specifications — The Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and

Bridges on Federal Highway Projects approved for general application and repetitive use.

Station — (1) A measure of distance used for highways and railroads. A station is equal to 100 feet. (2) A precise location along a survey line.

Structures — Bridges, culverts, catch basins, drop inlets, retaining walls, cribbing, manholes, end-walls, buildings, sewers, service pipes, under-drains, foundation drains, and other constructed features that may be encountered in the work.

Sub-base — The layer or layers of material placed on a sub-grade to support a base.

Subcontract — The written agreement between the Contractor and an individual or legal entity prescribing the performance of a specific portion of the work.

Subcontractor — An individual or legal entity with which the Contractor sublets part of the work. This includes all subcontractors in any tier.

Sub-grade — The top surface of a roadbed upon which the pavement structure, shoulders, and curbs are constructed.

Substantial Completion — The point at which the project is complete such that it can be safely and effectively used by the public without further delays, disruption, or other impediments. For conventional bridge and highway work, the point at which all bridge deck, parapet, pavement structure, shoulder, drainage, sidewalk, permanent signing and markings, traffic barrier, safety appurtenance, utility, and lighting work is complete.

Substructure — All of the bridge below the bearings of simple and continuous spans, skewbacks of arches, and tops of footings of rigid frames including back-walls, wing-walls, and wing protection railings.

Suitable Material — Rock or earth material that will provide stable foundations, embankments, or roadbeds, and is reasonably free of organic matter, roots, muck, sod, or other detrimental material. Suitable material may require drying or adding water, root picking, and other methods of manipulation before use. Suitable material includes the classifications of materials for which the project was designed.

Superintendent — The Contractor's authorized representative in responsible charge of the work.

Superstructure — The entire bridge except the substructure.

Surety — An individual or corporation legally liable for the debt, default, or failure of a Contractor to satisfy a contract obligation.

Surface Course — The top layer or layers of a pavement structure designed to accommodate the traffic load and resist skidding, traffic abrasion, and weathering.

Target Value (TV) — A number established as a center for operating a given process.

Once established, adjustments should be made in the process as necessary to maintain a central tendency about the target value. Test results obtained from a well-controlled process should cluster closely around the established target value and the mean of the test results should be equal to or nearly equal to the established target value.

Traveled Way — The portion of the roadway designated for the movement of vehicles, including curve widening, exclusive of shoulders.

Unsuitable Material — Is defined as material not capable of creating stable foundations, embankments, or roadbeds. Unsuitable material includes muck, sod, or soils with high organic contents.

Utilization Standards--The minimum size and percent soundness of trees described in the specifications to determine merchantable timber.

Work — The furnishing of all labor, material, equipment, and other incidentals necessary to successfully complete the project according to the contract.

Figure 101-1—Illustration of road structure terms.

Section 103. – SCOPE OF WORK

103.01 Intent of Contract.

The intent of the contract is to provide for the construction and completion of the work described. The precise details of performing the work are not stipulated except as considered essential for the successful completion of the work.

Furnish all labor, material, equipment, tools, transportation, and supplies necessary to complete the work according to the contract.

Section 104. – CONTROL OF WORK

104.03 Specifications and Drawings.

Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.236-21 Specifications and Drawings for Construction.

(a) General. Prepare drawings as necessary to construct the work. Drawings include, but are not limited to, layouts that show the relative position (vertical and horizontal as appropriate) of work to be performed, fabrication details for manufactured items and assemblies, installation and erection procedures, details of post-tensioning and other systems, detailed trench and excavation procedures that conform to OSHA requirements, traffic control implementation drawings, and methods for performing work near existing structures or other areas to be protected. Show all the drawing dimensions in United States customary units.

Limit drawings to a maximum size of 24 by 36 inches. Include on each drawing and calculation sheet, the project number, name, and other identification as shown in the contract. Furnish 5 sets of drawings and supporting calculations for acceptance before performing work covered by the drawings. If drawings are returned for revision, correct and resubmit for acceptance. Allow 40 days per submission for railroad structures and 30 days per submission for all other structures. The review time as specified is applied separately to each drawing submitted. The CO may request additional specific drawings for unique situations in order to clarify layout, construction details, or methodology. If drawings must be resubmitted, the time for acceptance starts over. Obtain written approval before changing or deviating from the accepted drawings.

(b) Specific requirements for concrete and miscellaneous structures.

(1) Furnish drawings for the following:

(a) Site-specific layouts for all wall types and gabion installations;

(b) Gabion and revet mattress details and installation procedures;

(c) Forms and false-work for reinforced concrete box culverts less than or equal to 6 feet in height;

(d) Fabrication drawings for bridge railings and parapets;

(e) Fabrication drawings for pre-stressed members;

(f) Fabrication and installation drawings for expansion joint assemblies;

(g) Fabrication drawings for bearing assemblies;

(h) Construction joint location and concrete deck placement sequences not shown on the plans;

(i) Erection diagrams for Soil-Corrugated Metal Structure interaction systems (multi-plate structures);

(j) Structural steel fabrication drawings;

(k) Utility hangar details; and

(l) Fabrication and installation drawings for pre-cast items.

(2) Furnish drawings that bear the seal and signature of a professional engineer proficient in the pertinent design field for the following:

(a) Erection plans;

(b) Reinforced soil slopes details;

(c) MSE wall and crib wall details;

(d) Details and installation procedures for proprietary wall systems;

(e) Temporary bridge structures for public use;

(f) All bridge forms except for railings, parapets, and components less than 6 feet in height;

(g) Shoring systems and cofferdams greater than 6 feet in height;

(h) All shoring systems that support traffic loadings;

(i) Forms and false-work for all structures greater than 6 feet in height;

(j) Post-tensioning systems installation and testing procedures;

(l) Tie back wall details; and

(m) Alternate retaining wall details.

(3) Furnish drawings that bear the seal and signature of a professional engineer who is proficient in forms and false-work design and licensed in the state where the project will be constructed for the following:

(a) False-work for any structure with a span exceeding 16 feet;

(b) False-work for any structure with a height exceeding 14 feet; and

(c) False-work for structures where traffic, other than workers involved in constructing the structure will travel under the structure.

(c) As-Built-Plans. Furnish one set of as built plans. The Government will provide one set of contract plans to be used exclusively for recording the as-built details of the project. Use red pencil or red ink to record the information on the as-built plans.

Note all additions or revisions to the location, character, and dimensions of the prescribed work shown on the contract plans. Line out all details shown that are not applicable to the completed work. Check off details shown that were incorporated into the completed work without change.

Retain the plans at the project site and, as work progresses, continually update them to reflect the as-built details. Upon request, make the plans available to the CO to review for compliance with these specifications.

Show the following types of changes on the as-built plans:

(1) Typical section(s)

(a) Revisions to the alignment

(b) Revisions to width or ditch

(c) Revisions to embankment or back slopes

(d) Changes in the construction limits

(2) Plan and profile

(a) Revisions to the alignment

(b) Changes in the construction limits

(c) Revisions in location, type, and grade of road approaches

(d) Location of monuments and permanent references

(e) Revisions to grades, elevations, and stationing of intersection PIs

(f) Location and type of utilities

(g) Equations

(3) Bridge

(a) Stationing of bridge ends

(b) Revisions to footing and seal elevations

(c) Pile length, size, type, location and tip elevation

(d) Any changes in plan dimensions

(e) Changes in reinforcing

(4) Miscellaneous

(a) Revisions to parking areas or turnouts

(b) Culvert diameter, length, type and stationing

(c) Location, length, stationing and type of retaining walls

(d) Location, length, stationing and end treatment of guardrail

(e) Final location, type and length of curbs, sidewalks, etc.

(f) Location, length, and type of fencing

(g) Location, elevation and type of aerial or underground utilities

Furnish the as-built working plans to the CO before the final inspection. Correct all details found during the final inspection that are not shown on the as-built plans and return to the CO within 5 days.

104.05 Load Restrictions.

Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.236-10 Operations and Storage Areas, paragraph (c).

Comply with all legal load restrictions when hauling material and equipment on public roads to and from the project. A special permit does not relieve the Contractor of liability for damage resulting from the moving of material or equipment.

Unless otherwise permitted, do not operate equipment or vehicles that exceed the legal load limits over new or existing structures, or pavements within the project except those pavements intended to be removed.

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor

The Contractor is authorized to use roads under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service for all activities necessary to complete this contract, subject to the limitations and authorizations designated in the Road Order(s) or described in the contract, when such use will not damage the roads or national forest resources, and when traffic can be accommodated safely.

Commensurate with use, maintain all unpaved roads under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service as required within. All costs for such maintenance work shall be incidental to other items in the contract.

(a) Surface blading

(1) Shape the existing roadbed, including turnouts, to remove ruts and conform reasonably to the previous cross section. Blade the existing surface aggregate so as to conserve material and prevent segregation of sizes, return surface aggregate to roadway during maintenance operations. Repeat surface blading as often as required.

(2) Remove earth slides, fallen timber or boulders obstructing road surface.

(3) Do not undercut roadside cut slopes.

(4) Remove berms from road surface and shoulders, unless designated to remain.

(5) At intersections, grade the roadbeds of side roads for a reasonable distance to assure a proper blend of adjacent driving surfaces.

(6) Clean and shape drainage dips and lead-off ditches and shaped to conform reasonably to their previous line, grade and cross section.

(b) Ditch cleaning

(1) Remove and dispose of all sloughed material from roadside ditches to provide an unblocked waterway conforming reasonably to previous line, grade and cross section

(2) Clean culverts, inlet basins and leadoff ditches as required ensuring proper function.

(3) Suitable material removed from the ditch or culverts may be blended into the existing native road surface, shoulder or designed berm during the cleaning operations.

(4) Dispose of slough material not blended into surface material or designed berms, away from stream channels.

(c) Snow removal

(1) Remove snow if authorized in the Road Orders.

(2) Remove snow in a manner that will preserve and protect the roads, ensure safe and efficient transport of materials, equipment, and personnel and prevent excessive erosion damage to roads, streams and adjacent lands.

(3) Remove snow from entire road surface width including turnouts. Leave a minimum two inch layer of snow to protect road surface. Do not undercut banks. Do not blade gravel or other surface material off the road surface. Do not use tracked machines for snow removal unless approved by CO.

(4) Remove snow, ice or debris from culverts and ditches so drainage system can function properly. Keep ditches and culverts functional during and after roadway use.

(5) Do not allow snow berms to remain on the road surface. Remove berms on shoulder or allow for suitable openings to allow for surface drainage without damage to fill. Deposit all debris removed from the road surface and ditches, away from stream channels.

(d) Dust control

Apply dust control to road surface in accordance with Section 158 or 306 as applicable and when required by the CO.

Section 105. – CONTROL OF MATERIAL

105.01 Source of Supply and Quality Requirements.

Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.236-5 Material and Workmanship.

Select sources and provide acceptable material. Notify the CO of all proposed sources before delivery to the project to expedite material inspection and testing. Do not incorporate material requiring submittal into the work until approved.

Material may be approved at the source of supply before delivery to the project. Approval does not constitute acceptance. If an approved source does not continue to supply acceptable material during the life of the project, further use of that source may be denied.

All materials incorporated into the project shall be certified noxious weed seed free, either through visual inspection or commercial certification.

105.02 Material Sources.

(a) Government-provided sources. The Government will acquire the permits and rights to remove material from provided sources identified in the contract and to use such property for a plant site and stockpiles. Test reports and available historical performance data verifying the presence of acceptable material are available upon request.

Do not perform work within a Government-provided source until a plan of operation for the development of the source is accepted. Perform all work necessary to produce acceptable material including site development, preparation, erosion control, and restoration.

The quality of material in provided sources is acceptable in general, but may contain layers or pockets of unacceptable material. It is not feasible to ascertain from samples the quality of material for an entire deposit, and variations may be expected. Determine the quantity and type of equipment and work necessary to select and produce acceptable material.

Strip and stockpile the overburden. After operations are complete, move all waste back into the source. Neatly trim and flatten the side slopes to the extent practicable. Spread the stockpiled overburden uniformly over the sides and bottom of the mined area. Shape the mined area to blend into the surrounding natural terrain.

Waste Site – Government Furnished – A waste site for excess and unsuitable material is staked by the Forest Service prior to Notice to proceed. The site is to be used for the disposal of unsuitable or excess excavated material only. All other materials designated for removal and disposal must be disposed of away from Forest Land as per SPS Section 202.

(b) Contractor-located sources. The Contractor is responsible for located sources, including established commercial sources. Use sources that fulfill the contract quantity and quality requirements. Determine the quantity and types of equipment and work necessary to select and produce acceptable material. Secure all permits and clearances for use of the source and provide copies of the documents. Complete any pit or quarry development specified for a designated source, even when material is not obtained from the source.

Prior to any pit development or use of materials, the pit site shall be approved by the CO that the pit site is free of noxious weed as listed on the "All States Noxious Weeds List”.

Materials Stockpile Site – Government Furnished – The Contractor will be allowed to stockpile material on sites staked by the Forest Service. Provide the CO 72 hours advanced notification prior to stockpiling any materials at the bridge site.

105.04 Storing and Handling Material.

Transport, store and handle material to preserve its quality and fitness for the work. Stored material approved before storage may again be inspected before use in the work. Locate stored material to facilitate prompt inspection.

Use only approved portions of the right-of-way for storing material and placing plants and equipment. Provide all additional space needed. Do not use private property for storage without written permission of the owner or lessee. Furnish copies of all agreements.

Restore all Government-provided storage sites to their original condition.

The Contractor is responsible for the security of all stored material.

105.05 Use of Material Found in the Work.

Material, such as stone, gravel, or sand, found in the excavation may be used for another pay item when acceptable. When there is an applicable excavation item in the bid schedule, such material will be paid both as excavation and as the other pay item for which it is used. Replace material so used and needed for embankment or backfill with acceptable material at no cost to the Government.

Excavate or remove material only from within the grading limits, as indicated by the slope and grade lines.

The right to use and process material found in the work does not include the use and processing of material for non-government contract work except for the disposal of waste material.

Materials produced or processed from Government lands in excess of the quantities required for performance of this contract are the property of the Government. The Government is not obligated to make reimbursement for the cost of producing these materials.

Section 106. – ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements.

Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.246-12 Inspection of Construction.

References to standard test methods of AASHTO, ASTM, GSA, and other recognized standard authorities refer to the methods in effect on the date of solicitation for bids.

Perform all work to the lines, grades, cross-sections, dimensions, and processes or material requirements shown on the plans or specified in the contract.

Incorporate manufactured materials into the work according to the manufacturer’s recommendations or to these specifications, whichever is more strict.

Plan dimensions and contract specification values are the values to be strived for and complied with as the design values from which any deviations are allowed. Perform work and provide material that is uniform in character and reasonably close to the prescribed value or within the specified tolerance range. The purpose of a tolerance range is to accommodate occasional minor variations from the median zone that are unavoidable for practical reasons.

When standard manufactured items are specified (such as fence, wire, plates, rolled shapes, pipe conduits, etc., that are identified by gauge, unit mass, section dimensions, etc.), the identification will be considered to be nominal masses or dimensions. Unless specific contract tolerances are noted, established manufacturing tolerances will be accepted.

The Government may inspect, sample, or test all work at any time before final acceptance of the project. When the Government tests work, copies of test reports are furnished to the Contractor upon request. Government tests may or may not be performed at the work site. If Contractor testing and inspection is verified by the Government, the Contractor’s results may be used by the Government to evaluate work for acceptance. Do not rely on the availability of Government test results for process control.

Acceptable work conforming to the contract will be paid for at the contract unit bid price. Four methods of determining conformity and accepting work are described in Subsections 106.02 to 106.05 inclusive. The primary method of acceptance is specified in each Section of work. However, work may be rejected at any time it is found by any of the methods not to comply with the contract.

Remove and replace work that does not conform to the contract, or to prevailing industry standards where no specific contract requirements are noted, at no cost to the Government.

(a) Disputing Government test results. If the accuracy of Government test results is disputed, promptly inform the CO. If the dispute is unresolved after reasonable steps are taken to resolve the dispute, further evaluation may be obtained by written request. Include a narrative describing the dispute and a proposed resolution protocol that addresses the following:

(1) Sampling method;

(2) Number of samples;

(3) Sample transport;

(4) Test procedures;

(5) Testing laboratories;

(6) Reporting;

(7) Estimated time and costs; and

(8) Validation process.

If the evaluation requires additional sampling or testing be performed, mutually agree with the Government on witnessing procedures and on sampling and testing by a third party laboratory. Use a third party laboratory accredited by the AASHTO accreditation program. Provide proof of the laboratory’s accreditation for the test procedures to be used. Do not use the same laboratory that produced the disputed Government test results or that produced the test results used as a basis for the dispute.

The CO will review the proposed resolution protocol and may modify it before final approval and execution.

The Government will use the approved resolution protocol test results to determine the validity of the disputed testing. If the Government test results are validated, the Contractor will be responsible for all costs associated with developing and performing the resolution protocol. If the Government test results are not validated, the Government will be responsible for all costs associated with developing and performing the resolution protocol. If the validity of the Government test results cannot be determined, the Contractor and Government will equally share all costs associated with developing and carrying out the resolution protocol.

(b) Alternatives to removing and replacing non-conforming work. As an alternative to removal and replacement, the Contractor may submit a written request to:

(1) Have the work accepted at a reduced price; or

(2) Be given permission to perform corrective measures to bring the work into conformity.

The request must contain supporting rationale and documentation. Include references or data justifying the proposal based on an evaluation of test results, effect on service life, value of material or work, quality, aesthetics, and other tangible engineering basis. The CO will determine disposition of the nonconforming work.

106.02 Visual Inspection.

Acceptance is based on visual inspection of the work for compliance with the contract and prevailing industry standards.

106.03 Certification.

For material manufactured off-site, use a manufacturer with an ISO 9000 certification or an effective testing and inspection system. Require the manufacturer to clearly mark the material or packaging with a unique product identification or specification standard to which it is produced.

Other than references in or to the FAR or Federal Law, when these Standard Specifications reference certifications; certificates; or certified documents, equipment, or individuals, these references are not certifications under Section 4301 of Public Law 104-106, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996. These references refer to documentation of non-regulatory, peripheral contract requirements that are required to be validated by an individual or organization having unique knowledge or qualifications to perform such validation.

Material accepted by certification may be sampled and tested at any time. Materials not in conformance with the contract will be rejected whether in place or not.

One of the following certifications may be required:

(a) Production certification. Material requiring a production certification is identified in the Acceptance Subsection of each Section. Require the manufacturer to furnish a production certification for each shipment of material. Include the following with each production certification:

(1) Date and place of manufacture;

(2) Lot number or other means of cross-referencing to the manufacturer’s inspection and testing system; and

(3) Substantiating evidence that the material conforms to the contract quality requirements as required by FAR 46.105(a) (4), including all of the following:

(a) Test results on material from the same lot and documentation of the inspection and testing system;

(b) A statement from the manufacturer that the material complies with all contract requirements; and

(c) Manufacturer’s signature or other means of demonstrating accountability for the certification.

(b) Commercial certification. When a certification is required furnish one commercial certification for all similar material from the same manufacturer, the production certification is not required.

A commercial certification is a manufacturer's or Contractor's representation that the material complies with all contract requirements. The representation may be labels, catalog data, stamped specification standards, or supplier's certifications indicating the material is produced to a commercial standard or specification.

106.04 Measured or Tested Conformance.

Provide all necessary production and processing of the work and control performance of the work so that all of the work complies with the contract requirements.

Results from inspection or testing shall have values within the specified tolerances or specification limits. When no tolerance values are identified in the contract, the work will be accepted based on customary manufacturing and construction tolerances.

Section 107. – LEGAL RELATIONS AND REPONSIBLITY TO THE PUBLIC

Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.236-7 Permits and Responsibilities.

Comply with all applicable laws, ordinances, safety codes, regulations, orders, and decrees. Protect and indemnify the Government and its representatives against any claim or liability arising from or based on the alleged violation of the same.

Comply with all permits and agreements obtained by the Government for performing the work that is included in the contract. Obtain all additional permits or agreements and modifications to Government-obtained permits or agreements that are required by the Contractor's methods of operation. Furnish copies of all permits and agreements.

107.02 Protection and Restoration of Property and Landscape.

Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.236-9 Protection of Existing Vegetation, Structures, Equipment, Utilities, and Improvements.

Preserve public and private property, and protect monuments established for the purpose of perpetuating horizontal, vertical, cadastral, or boundary control. When necessary to destroy a monument, reestablish the monument according to applicable state statute or by the direction of the agency or individual who established the monument.

Do not disturb the area beyond the construction limits. Replace trees, shrubs, or vegetated areas damaged by construction operations as directed and at no cost to the Government.

Remove any damaged limbs of existing trees by an approved arborist.

Do not excavate, remove, damage, alter, or deface any archeological or paleontological remains or specimens. Control the actions of employees and subcontractors on the project to ensure that protected sites are not disturbed or damaged. Should any of these items be encountered, suspend operations at the discovery site, notify the CO, and continue operations in other areas. The CO will inform the Contractor when operations may resume at the discovery site.

When utilities are to be relocated or adjusted, the Government will notify all utility owners affected by the relocations or adjustments. The relocations or adjustments will be performed by others or will be included in the contract work.

Before beginning work in an area, the Contractor shall have all utility owners locate their utilities. Protect utilities from construction operations. Cooperate with utility owners to expedite the relocation or adjustment of their utilities to minimize interruption of service and duplication of work.

If utility services are interrupted as a result of damage by the construction, immediately notify the utility owner, the CO, and other proper authorities. Cooperate with them until service is restored. Do not work around fire hydrants until provisions for continued service are made and approved by the local fire authority.

If utility adjustment work, not included in the contract, is required, compensation for the work will be provided under applicable clauses of the contract. Satisfactorily repair damage due to the fault or negligence of the Contractor at no cost to the Government.

Repair of damage to underground utilities that were not shown on the plans or identified before construction, and not caused by the fault or negligence of the Contractor, will be paid for by the Government.

107.03 Bulletin Board.

Furnish a weatherproof bulletin board of suitable size and construction for continuous display of posters and other information required by the contract. Erect and maintain the bulletin board at a conspicuously accessible location on the project and remove and dispose of it after project final acceptance.

Display each of the following documents on the bulletin board:

(a) "Equal Opportunity" poster, according to FAR Clause 52.222-26 Equal

Opportunity;

(b) "Notice" that the project is subject to Title 18, U.S. Criminal Code, Section 1020, FHWA Form 1022;

(c) "Notice to Employees" poster, WH-1321, regarding proper pay;

(d) "Right to Safe and Healthful Workplace" poster, according to Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1903;

(e) "General Wage Decision" contained in the contract; and

(f) Company equal employment opportunity policy.

107.06 Contractor's Responsibility for Work.

Assume responsibility for all work until final acceptance. This includes periods of suspended work. Protect the work against injury, loss, or damage from all causes whether arising from the execution or non-execution of the work.

Maintain public traffic according to Section 156. Rebuild, repair, restore, and make good all losses, injuries, or damages to any portion of the work. This includes losses, injuries, or damages caused by vandalism, theft, accommodation of public traffic, and weather that occurs during the contract.

The Government will only be responsible for losses, injuries, and damages to work put in place that was caused by declared enemies and terrorists of the Government and cataclysmic natural phenomenon such as tornadoes, earthquakes, major floods, and other officially declared natural disasters. The Government will only be responsible for costs attributable to repairing or replacing damaged work. The Government will not be responsible for delay costs, impact costs, or extended overhead costs.

107.07 Furnishing Right-of-Way.

The Government will obtain all right-of-way.

107.08 Sanitation, Health, and Safety.

Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.236- 13 Accident Prevention.