Attachment 1 - Specifications.pdf

SPECIFICATIONS

for the

FOREST DISCOVERY TRAIL MODIFICATIONS

PISGAH NATIONAL FOREST

PISGAH RANGER DISTRICT

2/23/2010

NF’s IN NC

ENGINEERING

February, 2010

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

01110 Summary of Work 01140 Construction Constraints 01270 Measurement & Payment 01330 Submittals 01420 Reference Standards 01450 Quality Control 01500 Mobilization 01720 Construction Staking

DIVISION 2 SITE WORK

02220 Selective Demolition 02230 Clearing 02250 Sheeting, Shoring & Bracing 02310 Earthwork 02370 Erosion & Sediment Control 02610 Metal Pipe 02720 Aggregate Base & Surfacing 02740 Plant Mix Bituminous Pavement 02780 Casing Pipes for Utilities 02821 Seeding & Fertilizing 02920 Mulching

DIVISION 3 CONCRETE

03100 Concrete Formwork 03360 Concrete Finishing 03370 Concrete from Packaged Dry Mix

DIVISION 4 MASONRY

04410 Stone Masonry

DIVISION 5 METALS

05520 Handrails

DIVISION 6 WOOD & PLASTIC

06110 Carpentry

SECTION 01110

SUMMARY OF WORK

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 PROJECT LOCATION

A. Location of work is in the Cradle of Forestry in America on the Pisgah Ranger District, Transylvania County, North Carolina.

1.02 DESCRIPTION

A. This work shall consist of constructing new asphalt pavement at the Forest Discovery Interpretive Trail. The work shall include the following: construction of new asphalt pavement, construction of new rock retaining walls, benches and associated structures.

B. The Contractor shall furnish all labor, materials, equipment, tools, supplies, supervision and transportation and perform all of the work required AS SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS AND

SPECIFICATIONS.

1.03 STORAGE OF MATERIALS

A. The Contractor may store materials and equipment at the work site at his own risk. All materials must be kept in an area designated by the COR and be neat and orderly.

B. The Contractor shall install barricades or tape barriers around all open excavations and storage areas.

1.04 EXISTING FACILITIES

A. The Contractor shall provide on-site sanitary facilities.

B. There is no secondary electrical service at the project. The Contractor shall provide a generator as needed.

C. There is potable water available in the general area of the site.

1.05 SAFETY

A. No trenches shall be left open overnight.

B. Construction fencing shall be used to limit access to the construction areas by the general public.

1.06 PROJECT CLOSEOUT

A. Instruction of Government Personnel in Use of Facilities

B. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to see that the proper manufacturer's representative, subcontractors, contractor's superintendents, etc., are available at completion of the job and before acceptance to provide instructions in the use of all facilities and equipment.

C. Operating and Maintenance Manuals

1. The Contractor shall furnish the following:

a. Warranties

b. Shop drawings and brochures on all special items and equipment.

SECTION 01140

CONSTRUCTION CONSTRAINTS

1.01 DESCRIPTION

This specification covers the scheduling requirements and restrictions for this project.

This contract includes work on the Forest Festival Trail (FFT) Sta 17+75 to Sta 18+25 . Also included is work on the Forest Discovery Trail (FDT) Sta 18+25 to Forest Discovery Trail (FDT) Sta 90+55. This work includes selective incidental demolition of existing asphalt, demolition of existing gravel road, incidental repair of asphalt, site grading, erosion control, aggregate base construction, new asphalt construction, installation of drainage structures, stone masonry walls and new bench and rest area construction, information stations and exhibit panel supports.

1.02 TIME REQUIREMENTS

Construction to begin May 1, 2010 and be completed within 220 days of Notice to Proceed for the contract.

1.04 SUBMITTALS

A. Prior to beginning work, the Contractor shall submit a proposed schedule to the COR showing a timeline for accomplishing construction.

SECTION 01270

MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

1.01 DETERMINATION OF QUANTITIES

A. For individual construction items, all longitudinal and lateral measurements for area computations shall be made horizontally or corrected to horizontal measurement unless otherwise specified.

B. Measurements for seeding, mulching, geotextiles, netting, erosion control blankets, and sodding will be along slope lines.

C. The average end area method shall be used to compute volumes of excavation and embankment.

D. Structures will be measured according to neat lines SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or as altered by the COR in writing to fit field conditions.

E. For items that are measured by the linear foot, such as pipe culverts, fencing, guardrail and underdrains, measurements will be made parallel to the base or foundation upon which the structure is to be placed. Pipe shall be measured along center of invert.

F. For vehicular shipments, net certified scale weights or weights based on volumes will be used as a basis of measurement.

1.02 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

A. Payment will be by units defined and determined according to the U.S. Standard measure and by following:

1. Cubic Yard. Measurements computed by the average end area method from measurements made longitudinally along a centerline or reference line.

2. Each. One complete unit, which may consist of one or more parts.

3. Ton. Short ton consisting of 2,000 pounds.

1.03 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT

A. One of the following methods of measurement for determining the final payment is designated in the contract for each Pay Item.

1. Designed Quantities (DQ). These quantities denote the final number or units to be paid for under the terms of the contract. They are based upon original design data available prior to advertising the project. This data includes the preliminary survey information, drawings design assumptions, calculations and the presentation in the contract. Authorization for changes in the number of units SHOWN in the contract may be given under any of the following conditions:

a. As a result of changes in the work authorized by the Contracting Officer.

b. As a result of the Contracting Officer determining that errors exist in the original design that may cause a Pay Item quantity to change by 15% or more.

c. As a result of the Contractor submitting a written request showing evidence of errors in the original design that cause a Pay Item quantity to change by 15% or more. The evidence must be verifiable and consist of calculations, drawings and/or other data that shows how the designed quantity is believed to be in error.

i. Actual Quantity (AQ). These quantities are determined from measurements of completed work.

ii. Lump Sum Quantities (LS). These quantities denote one complete unit of work as required by or described in the contract, including necessary materials, equipment, and labor needed to complete the job. They will not be measured.

SECTION 01330

SUBMITTALS

1.01 REQUIREMENTS INCLUDED

A. Procedures

B. Manufacturers Instructions

C. Manufacturers Certificates

1.02 PROCEDURES

A. Submittals shall be furnished before fabrication or installation occurs. All submittals shall be evaluated and either approved or rejected by the COR within 14 days after their receipt. A minimum of four (4) copies of submittals shall be supplied to the COR.

B. If the Contractor intends to provide or install an item that is an "or equal" or differs from that which is specified or shown on the drawings, he/she shall submit all product data, revised drawings or new drawings to the COR. for approval.

C. The contractor shall submit four sets of the manufacturer's description of all "or equals" proposed in lieu of name brands specified. This description shall include:

1. Product name and model number

2. Manufacturer

3. Product description

4. Technical data

D. The contractor shall be required to furnish the following to the COR prior to commencing any work that relates to a respective submittal. (4 copies of all submittals required).

1. Finish Hardware

2. Bridge Railing System Cable – Product Sample and Shop Drawings

E. Other submittals (in quantities indicated) are required as identified in these specifications.

1.03 MANUFACTURER’S INSTRUCTIONS

A. The Contractor shall provide three (3) copies of all of the manufacturers installation and maintenance instructions (written and/or drawings) to the COR.

1.04 MANUFACTURER’S CERTIFICATES

A. The Contractor shall provide all guarantees, certificates of performance, material of workmanship or warranties provided by the manufacturer or required by the specifications to the COR.

SECTION 01420

REFERENCE STANDARDS

1.01 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. For products or workmanship specified by association, trade or Federal Standards, comply with the requirements of the standard, except when more rigid requirements are specific or required by applicable codes.

1.02 SCHEDULE OF REFERENCES

AASHT0 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI American Concrete Institute ADA Americans with Disabilities Act AI Asphalt Institute ANSI American National Standards Institute ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials AWS American Welding Society FS Federal Specification NCDOT North Carolina Department of Transportation

1.03 TOLERANCES

A. Construction tolerances shall be as follows:

Elevations +/- 0.1 feet Alignment +/- 0.5 feet Slopes +/- 0.1% of slopes a

a) Maximum allowable deviation from staked slope measured will be from slope stakes or hinge points.

B. Deviations shall be uniform in the direction of change from station to station along the project centerline or side to side on cross sections.

C. See Section 1720 for construction surveying and staking tolerances.

SECTION 01450

QUALITY CONTROL

1.01 WORK INCLUDED

A. The work shall consist of providing quality control in conformance with the Inspection of Construction provisions of this contract to ensure compliance with the drawings, specifications, and provisions of the contract. The Contractor shall provide all personnel, equipment, tests, and reports to meet the requirements of this specification.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

Not Used

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM

A. The Contractor shall provide and maintain a quality control system that will ensure that all services, supplies, and construction required under this contract conform to the contract requirements. The contractor shall perform, or cause to be performed, the sampling, inspection, and testing required to substantiate that all supplies, services, and construction conform to the contract requirements.

3.02 QUALITY CONTROL PLAN

A. The contractor shall submit in writing the following:

1. Authorities and responsibilities of inspection and testing personnel.

2. Experience and qualifications of inspection and testing personnel to be assigned and location of any (for hire) testing facility to be used.

B. The contractors proposed quality control plan shall be submitted to the COR for review prior to the contractor commencing work. The COR shall approve or disapprove the plan within 5 working days. Construction work shall not begin prior to the contractor's receipt of written approval of the quality control plan.

C. The contractor shall submit to the COR in writing any proposed changes to the approved plan.

Proposed changes shall not be put into effect until approved in writing by the COR.

3.02 SAMPLING & TESTING

A. The contractor shall provide and maintain appropriate measuring and testing devices, equipment, and supplies to accomplish the required measurement, testing and inspection in a timely manner.

The contractor shall take samples and perform inspections and tests necessary to achieve the quality of construction required by the contract. Sampling and testing frequency for specific items shall be as defined in the specifications.

3.03 RECORDS

A. The contractor shall maintain current records of all inspections and tests performed. The following format or one containing the following information will be acceptable to the Government:

Project Number Contract Number

Pay Item Test Date Station Standard Results Initials

B. The contractor shall certify in writing that all inspections were performed in accordance with specifications. All testing and inspection records shall be submitted to the COR upon completion of the project.

3.04 BASIS OF PAYMENT

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

NOT A PAY ITEM. Incidental to other work.

SECTION 01500

MOBILIZATION

A. The work shall consist of preparatory work and operations necessary for the movement of personnel, equipment, supplies and incidentals to the project site. This includes all work and operations that must be performed or that cause costs to be incurred prior to beginning work on the various items on the project site.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 BASIS OF PAYMENT

01500(01) Mobilization.........................……….…….........Lump Sum

SECTION 01720

CONSTRUCTION SURVEYING

Furnish personnel who are under the direct supervision of a North Carolina Registered

Professional Engineer and/or Professional Land Surveyor in conformance with GS 89C.

Furnish personnel who are experienced in construction surveying and are capable of accurately establishing all line and grade points necessary to complete the work in accordance with the plan dimensions within the precision established in the most current version of the Manual for Construction Layout.

Consult the COR for clarifications of the Plans.

Perform work in safe manner. Wear approved safety vest, shirt, or coat when performing work adjacent to an active travel lane. Approved colors are orange, yellow, strong yellow-green, or fluorescent versions of these colors.

Investigate the plan horizontal alignment, vertical profile, and layouts of existing and planned facilities which tie to proposed roadways.

The COR reserves the right to check, correct where necessary, or require any layout work to be revised. The COR will perform checks to ensure the roadway, structure and incidental items are surveyed in accordance with the Plans.

The COR’s review of the Contractor’s work in no way relieves the Contractor of responsibility for conformance with the Plans and Specifications. Failure by the COR or inspector to point out unsatisfactory work, from lack of discovery or for any other reason, in no way prevents later rejection or corrections to the unsatisfactory work, when discovered, at no cost to the Department. No claims will be allowed for losses suffered due to any necessary removals or repairs resulting from the unsatisfactory work.

When the Contractor proposes an alteration to the Plans to rectify a construction stakeout error, submit alterations to the COR for review and approval. Include design calculations and drawings sealed by an appropriate registered professional along with a narrative describing justification for the alteration.

Records Submit proposed method for setting up survey books or electronic data files to the COR before beginning contract to assure clarity and adequacy.

In a timely manner, make available to the COR all requested survey records.

On a monthly basis, provide to the COR updated electronic and/or manuscript survey records. Submit remaining records upon completion of the work. Attest the work was performed in accordance with the Contract, drawings, profiles etc. by providing all receivable information signed by the Professional Engineer and/or Professional Land Surveyor in responsible charge.

Horizontal and Vertical Control The US Forest Service has furnished and set horizontal baseline control at various locations throughout the project within the project limits.

Staking Features Contractor shall stake each rest area pad and grade change or any other feature required to be constructed along the entire length of this project. Two stakes are required at each of the rest area landings and features to include grade cuts or fill, horizontal location and vertical elevation in order to maintain the elevations and grades shown on the drawings.

Record the following on these stakes:

A. Size and type of rest area pad and if bench is required.

B. The vertical and horizontal distance from a known location of each of the pads Required to be constructed.

C. Stationing on the centerline point.

D. Any cut or fill depths and offset distances required to construct rest area landings.

Roadway Unless otherwise directed, stakeout the survey lines for original and final cross sections.

The stakeout of the survey lines will consist of surveying and staking all alignments within the plans on 100 foot intervals, including all cardinal points. When the alignments are inaccessible, install offset alignments.

Survey Precision Accuracy and precision requirements are contained in table below:

Staking Culverts

Set slope stakes and slope reference stakes at all proposed culvert locations. Set a culvert reference stake on the centerline of the culvert 10 feet from each end, or beyond the clearing limit, whichever is greater. Record the following on these stakes:

A. Diameter, actual field measured length, and type of culvert.

B. The vertical and horizontal distance from the invert at the ends of the culvert to the stake.

C. Stationing on the centerline point.

Example Culvert Stake

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

01720(01) Construction Surveying Lump Sum

SECTION 02220

SELECTIVE DEMOLITION

A. This work shall consist of the incidental removal and satisfactory disposal of a small amount of designated asphalt pavement and designated gravel from existing roads as shown on the drawings and specified herein. Gravel will be reused and deposited on the site.

3.01 REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES

A. Such sawing as is necessary to produce a uniform line between the asphalt pavement to be retained and that which is to be removed shall be performed as directed by the COR. This shall also include sawing a straight line between existing paved trail and the adjoining edge of the information stations and the intersections between existing paved trail and the beginning and ending points of the new trail.

B. The Contractor shall execute the demolition work in a way not to damage adjacent facilities to remain.

3.02 DISPOSAL

Demolished asphalt shall become the property of the Contractor. Gravel removed from existing roads shall be re-used and placed on site as directed by the COR. All demolition refuse and construction debris shall be removed from Government Land.

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

NOT A PAY ITEM – Incidental to 02230(01)

SECTION 02230

CLEARING

PART 1 - GENERAL

A. Work included in this section covers clearing and removal of all vegetation within the designated clearing limits as shown on the drawings or specified herein for the reconstruction of existing and construction of new sections of trail. A portion of the new trail runs through a cultural site. Extra care shall be exercised to prevent ground disturbance in the cultural area.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

None

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 CLEARING

A. Clearing shall consist of clearing the area of all trees within the construction area, brush and other vegetation, rubbish and all objectionable material. This shall be done in a manner to prevent disturbance of topsoil within the designated cultural site shown on the drawings.

B. Clearing shall be done when the ground is dry. The COR shall approve clearing in the cultural site two work days prior to work commencing.

C. Stumps inside the limits of the trail base shall be ground or cut flush with the existing ground prior to the placement of the geotextile fabric.

D. All clearing debris shall be removed from the project site and disposed of by the Contractor.

E. Trees that are damaged shall be painted with tree wound dressing on all cuts and wounds.

F. Overhead branches shall be trimmed to the elevation shown on the drawings.

3.02 BASIS OF PAYMENT

02230(01) Clearing ………..…………………....................…...….. Lump Sum

SECTION 02250

SHEETING, SHORING, AND BRACING

PART 1 – GENERAL

A. This work includes any additional support that the sides of a trench or excavation may require to remain stable during construction operations. Work shall meet all requirements of OSHA and state and local governments.

2.01 MATERIALS

A. Timber or metal members used by the Contractor shall provide adequate support of the soils during the work. The Contractor shall be responsible for selection of proper materials to maintain adequate support.

3.01 INSTALLATION

A. Excavations and sides of trenches shall be supported with adequate materials as necessary for the safety of personnel and protection of the pipe before backfilling.

B. The installation and removal of all lagging, sheeting, shoring, piling, and bracing shall be such to maintain the required trench or excavated section and to maintain the undisturbed state of the soils at and below the bottom of excavation.

C. Sheet piling and timbers in trench excavations shall be withdrawn in a manner to prevent damage to the pipe or conductors.

D. All sheeting and shoring shall be removed when safe to do so.

A. NOT A PAY ITEM. Incidental to 02310 – Earthwork and 02315 – Trenching.

SECTION 02310

EARTHWORK

This Work shall consist of excavation and shaping of trails and roadways and other facilities, borrow excavation, haul, drainage excavation, excavation of unsuitable material, embankment construction, and disposal of all excavated material necessary for the completion of construction of retaining walls, walkways, trails, rest areas, information stations, roadways, abutments, including roadway and trail ditches, channel changes, slope rounding, berms, dips, approaches, and subsidiary Work and compaction testing of the fill material.

Excavation shall consist of the excavation and disposal of all excavated material, regardless of its nature, that is not included under other pay items listed in the Schedule of Items.

Borrow excavation shall consist of the excavation and utilization of material from sources shown on the drawings. Additional sources of borrow excavation shall be approved in advance by the Contracting Officer’s Representative.

All excavation is unclassified, regardless of nature.

1.02 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

A. The measurement of excavation will not include the following:

1. Material used for other than approved purposes.

2. Unauthorized excavation or borrow.

3. Quantity of material excavated from slope rounding.

4. Overbreakage from the backslope in rock excavation requiring blasting.

5. Material scarified in place to receive the first layer of embankment.

6. Benching or stepping existing ground for embankment foundation.

7. Stepping or scaling cut slopes.

2.01 FILL MATERIAL

A. The material for the fill shall consist of surplus excavated material or imported fill consisting of a mixture of soil, gravel, talus rock, disintegrated granite, semi-gravel, sand, caliche, shale, scoria, clinkers, cinders, or other suitable material.

B. The material shall be free from organic matter.

C. The maximum size of any particle shall not be greater than a ratio of 1:12 particle to depth of fill and in no case shall be greater than 3 inches in diameter. For example, a fill of up to 12 inches shall not have a particle greater than 1 inch in diameter.

D. Oversize material may either be removed or broken down to the specified dimension by any method which accomplishes reduction to that size.

E. The removal or the breakdown of oversize material to the specified size shall be done prior to placement.

2.02 GEOTEXTILE

Geotextile material shall be Mirifi 500x or equal as approved by the COR.

3.01 PIONEERING

A. Pioneering operations for the top of excavation slopes, toe of embankments, or pioneer road construction shall prevent undercutting of the final excavation slope, depositing of materials outside of the construction limits, or any restriction of drainage.

3.02 UTILIZATION OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS

A. All suitable, excavated material shall be used in the construction of embankments, subgrades, shoulders, slopes, bedding, and backfill for structures and for other purposes as shown on the drawings.

B. Excavated rock suitable for protection of embankments may be conserved and used in lieu of imported materials. Store where approved by Contracting Officer’s Representative.

C. Material encountered in the excavation, suitable for cushion, finishing, or other purposes, may be conserved and utilized instead of materials from borrow sources. Excessively wet material that is otherwise suitable for embankment shall be field drained and dried before placement.

D. Unsuitable material shall be excavated and disposed of off site. Excavated areas shall be backfilled with suitable material when necessary to complete the Work. Frozen material shall not be placed in embankments. Rocks that are too large to be incorporated into the embankment shall be broken for incorporation, maneuvered to the face of the embankment, and embedded so that they will not roll or obstruct the use and maintenance of the roadbed, or moved to approved locations.

E. Drainage excavation shall include construction of side ditches, minor channel changes, inlet and outlet ditches, furrow ditches, ditches constructed along roads but beyond the roadway limits, and other minor earth drainage structures as shown on the drawings.

3.03 FINISHING TRAILWAYS and ROADWAYS

A. Rock requiring blasting, rippable rock, and boulders shall be excavated to a minimum depth of 6 inches below subgrade unless otherwise shown on the drawings, and replaced with suitable cushion material obtained from within the construction limits or from sources shown on the drawings. Undrained pockets in a rock surface, within the limits of the roadbed, shall be excavated to properly drain or be filled with approved impermeable material.

B. For subgrades receiving base or surface course, rocks larger than 4 inches that do not protrude above the subgrade more than one-third of the depth of the base may be left in place.

C. For unsurfaced facilities, unless otherwise shown on the drawings, the top 4 inches below the finished surface shall consist of cushion material containing rocks less than 4 inches in greatest dimension that are developed by scarification, rolling, or importing suitable material obtained from sources shown on the drawings.

D. The subgrade shall be shaped, dressed, and compacted when required. Low sections, holes, or depressions shall be brought to grade with suitable material.

3.04 FINISHING SLOPES

A. Finished slopes shall conform reasonably to the lines staked on the ground or shown on the drawings. The finished slope shall be left in a roughened condition to facilitate the establishment of vegetative growth. The finish associated with template and stringline or handraking methods will not be permitted. Loose rock, debris, and other material larger than 6 inches in diameter shall be removed from the slope.

B. The tops of excavations, excluding areas of solid rock, shall be blended with the adjacent terrain by rounding. Decomposed rock that may be cut without blasting or ripping shall be rounded. Earth overlying rock shall be rounded above the rock.

C. All rock excavations that require blasting shall be formed with controlled blasting techniques unless otherwise shown on the drawings. Controlled blasting is defined as the controlled usage of explosives and blasting accessories in appropriately aligned and spaced drill holes for the purpose of producing a free surface or shear plane in the rock excavation slopes and of minimizing landscape damage, adjacent ground vibration and overbreak. Presplitting is not intended unless shown on the drawings.

D. The Contractor shall drill, blast, and excavate short test sections (not to yield in excess of

1,000 cubic yards) to determine the controlled blasting method, hole spacing, and charge best suited to the material encountered.

3.05 EMBANKMENT PLACING METHODS

A. All Methods - When an embankment is to be placed across swampy ground and removal of unsuitable material or subgrade treatment is not required, the lower part of the embankment shall be constructed in a single layer to the minimum depth necessary to support construction equipment.

The Contractor shall place Mirifi 500x geotextile fabric on natural ground surface prior to placing fill in the cultural zone. Fill material in the cultural zone shall be placed beginning at the outer edges of the zone and worked toward the middle. Equipment shall back over fill material placed on top of geotextile fabric prior to placing additional fill material.

Disturbance of natural ground shall not be allowed during the placement of geotextile or fill material.

B. Specific Methods - All embankments shall be placed by one or more of the following methods:

1. Method 1 - Side Casting and End Dumping. Embankment may be placed by side casting and end dumping. Where material containing a large amount of rock is used to construct embankments, a solid embankment shall be provided by working smaller rocks and fines in with the larger rocks and fines to fill the voids.

2. Method 2 - Layer Placement. Surfaces steeper than a ratio of 3 to 1, upon which embankment is to be placed, shall be roughened or stepped to provide permanent bonding of new and old materials.

Embankment shall be layer placed, except over rock surfaces, in which case material may be placed by end dumping to the minimum depth needed for operation of spreading equipment. Each embankment layer shall be leveled and smoothed before placement of subsequent layers. Hauling and spreading equipment shall be operated uniformly over the full width of each layer.

Suitable material shall be placed in layers no more than 12 inches thick, except when the material contains rock more than 9 inches in diameter, in which case layers may be of sufficient thickness to accommodate the material involved. No layer shall exceed 24 inches before compaction.

Placing individual rocks or boulders greater than 24 inches will be permitted provided the embankment will accommodate them. Such rocks and boulders shall be at least 16 inches below subgrade. They shall be carefully distributed and the voids filled with finer material to form a dense and compacted mass.

Where material containing large amounts of rock is used to construct embankments, the layers may be of sufficient thickness to accommodate the material involved. A solid embankment with adequate compaction shall be constructed by working smaller rock and fines in with the larger rocks to fill the voids and by operating hauling and spreading equipment uniformly over the full width of each layer as the embankment is constructed.

3. Method 3 - Controlled Compaction. Embankments shall be placed as specified in Method 2, except earth embankments shall be placed in horizontal layers not exceeding 8 inches (loose measure) and compacted. Material shall be at a moisture content suitable for attaining the required compaction. Embankments and the top 1 foot of excavation sections shall be compacted to at least 95 percent of the maximum density as determined by AASHTO T 180.

The density of the embankment material will be determined during the progress of the Work in accordance with AASHTO T 191, T 205, and T 217; or T 238, and T 239.

Corrections for coarse particles will be made in accordance with AASHTO T 114.

Density requirements will not apply to portions of rock embankments that cannot be tested in accordance with approved methods. When this condition exists, compaction shall be provided by working smaller rocks fines in with the larger rocks to fill the voids and by operating equipment over the embankment materials.

Testing frequency for this project will be 1 per 350 square yards of material but not less than one per layer.

3.06 COMPACTION UNDER INCIDENTAL STRUCTURES

Compact earth under all rest areas, information stations, ramps, footings, etc. to conform to Method 3 in 3.05.B.3 above.

3.07 BASIS OF PAYMENT

021310(01) Roadway Excavation………..…………………....................…...….. Lump Sum

SECTION 02370

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL

A. This work consists of temporary and permanent measures as shown on the drawings and as specified herein, to prevent and control soil erosion and sedimentation.

PART 2 – PRODUCTS

2.01 SILT FENCE

A. Silt fence shall be prefabricated with 1-1/2" square, hardwood posts, Mirafi Silt Fence, or approved equal.

PART 3 – EXECUTION

A. Install silt fence in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Caution shall be used when installing along streams and creeks.

B. Install at locations shown on the drawings and as directed by the COR.

3.02 MONITORING

A. The Contractor shall monitor the performance of all erosion and sediment control practices and make minor adjustments as needed on a day-to-day basis. Silt fences shall be inspected after each rainfall and sediments deposits must be removed when they reach a maximum of 1/3 the height of the fence. Deteriorated or damaged fabrics must be replaced immediately.

B. Temporary controls shall be dismantled and disposed of after the disturbed soil has been re-vegetated.

3.03 BASIS OF PAYMENT

PAY ITEM

NOT A PAY ITEM – Incidental to Bid Item 02370(01)

SECTION 02610

METAL PIPE

This Work includes installation of 18” Dia. Aluminized Type II culverts, including bedding & backfill and installation of additional length as required for grade adjustments.

A. Bedding material for all culverts shall consist of select excavated material in the vicinity of the pipe.

B. Select Backfill Material:

1. Satisfactory soil materials are defined as those complying with ASTM D-2487 soil classification groups GW, GP, SM, SW, and SP, containing no rocks larger than 3” in the greatest dimension and free of material with an exceptionally high void content.

2. Unsatisfactory soil materials are defined as those complying with ASTM D-2487 soil classification groups GC, SC, ML, MH, CL, CH, OL, OH, and PT.

C. General Backfill Material: Excavated Material approved by the Contracting Officer, containing no rocks larger than 6” in any direction.

D. Metal pipes shall be 0.079" thickness, corrugated galvanized steel, meeting the requirements of AASHTO M36, with a minimum diameter of 18”.

E. Pipe joining bands shall be form-fitting coupling bands.

F. Metal pipes shall be fully bituminous coated.

3.01 REMOVAL OF EXISTING PIPE

3.02 INSTALLATION

A. The trenches shall be excavated 6 inches below the invert of the culvert regardless of the type of foundation material encountered. Shape bedding and backfill with bedding material to the springline and compact with mechanical tamper until all visible displacement ceases.

A. After the bedding is prepared and the pipe is placed, backfill material shall be placed in layers not exceeding 12 inches loose thickness to 1’ depth over pipe and compacted. The backfill shall be compacted without damaging or displacing the pipe. The backfill shall be compacted with a mechanical tamper until all visible displacement ceases. Backfilling and compacting shall be continued until the backfill meets the adjacent slope.

B. After being bedded and backfilled, pipe shall be protected by an adequate cover of embankment before heavy equipment is permitted to cross during construction.

D. The final installed alignment shall be such that no reverse grades exist and no point shall vary from a straight line drawn from inlet to outlet by more than 2% horizontally and vertically of the culvert length.

E. Pipe distorted more than 5 percent of nominal dimensions, ruptured, or broken shall be replaced.

F. The exact orientation and length of pipe shall be established on the ground by the contractors surveyor , each culvert shall be staked and submitted in writing to the COR and approved prior to any material being ordered.

3.03 MEATHOD OF MEASUREMENT:

Method of measurement shall be along the centerline of the pipe parallel to the slope.

PAY ITEM UNIT

02610(01) 18” CMP Linear Feet

END OF SECTION

SECTION 02720

AGGREGATE BASE, RIPRAP & BALLAST

This item shall consist of furnishing, hauling, and placing one or more courses of aggregate on an approved sub grade or base.

2.01 AGGREGATE

A. Aggregate base course shall be NC DOT approved ABC.

B. The commercial source shall provide a statement from a certified testing facility stating that aggregate from this source meets the requirements of these specifications and the designated gradation.

3.01 HANDLING & STORAGE

A. Aggregate shall be handled in such a manner as to minimize segregation.

B. Any method of stockpiling aggregate which allows the stockpile to become contaminated with foreign matter or causes excessive degradation of the aggregate shall not be permitted.

3.02 PREPARATION

A. The subgrade shall conform to the grades and lines shown on the drawings and shall be approved in writing by the Contracting Officer’s Representative before placing the base course.

3.03 MIXING & PLACING

A. Water shall be added to the aggregate in an amount necessary to provide a moisture content suitable for compaction. The moisture content throughout the aggregate shall be uniform.

B. The aggregate shall be spread in a uniform layer, with no segregation of size, and to a loose depth that shall have the required thickness when compacted. If the required compacted depth of any aggregate base or surface course exceeds 6 inches, it shall be placed in two or more layers of approximately equal thickness.

C. Hauling equipment shall be dispersed over the surface of the previously constructed layer to minimize rutting or uneven compaction.

D. The surface of each layer shall be bladed during the compaction operations to remove irregularities and produce a smooth even surface that will drain.

E. The thickness of the compacted base shall not vary more than 1/2 inch from the required thickness shown on the drawings. The compacted thickness shall not be consistently below the specified thickness.

F. The aggregate shall be compacted to at least 100 percent of the maximum density as determined by AASHTO T 180.

Railroad ballast stone:

Percent mass passing sieve

AASHTO

M-43 Size

4-in. 3 ½ in 3 in 2 ½ in 2 in 1 ½ in 1 in ¾ in

1 100 90 to 100 ---- 25 to 60 --------- 0 to 15 ---- 0 to 5

2 ------ -------- 100 90 to 100 35 to 70 0 to 15 ---- 0 to 5

(1) Los Angeles abrasion, AASHTO T 96 40% max.

Replace Table 703-3 with the following:

Table 703-3. Gradation Ranges for Surface Courses

Sieve Size

NCDOT ABC

Material Passing %

1 1/2" 100%

1" 75-97%

1/2" 55-80

No. 4 35-55%

No. 10 25-45%

No. 40 14-30%

No. 200 4-12%

Material Passing No. 40 Sieve

L. L. 0-30

P. I. 0-6

Rip-Rap Classifications:

TABLE 705-1

REQUIRED STONE SIZES (inches)

CLASS MINIMUM MIDRANGE MAXIMUM

A 2 4 6

B 5 8 12

1 5 10 17

2 9 14 23

3 14 18 28

No more than 5.0% of the material furnished can be less than the minimum size specified nor no more than 10.0% of the material can exceed the maximum size specified.

Stones shall be shaped such that neither the breadth nor width is less than 1/3 the length.

3.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

3.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT

02720(01) RIPRAP CLASS II ……………………………........……….....…...…Ton 02720(02) Railroad Ballasts (3 inch stone)…………………......……….....…...…Ton 02720(03) Crushed Aggregate, NCDOT ABC……………........……….....…...…Ton

SECTION 02740

PLANT MIX BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT

PART 1.GENERAL

This Work consists of the production, delivery, placement, and compaction of plant mixed asphaltic concrete surface as shown on the drawings and specified herein.

1.02 REFERENCES

AASHTO M 156-89 Requirements for Mixing Plants for Hot- Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures

NCDOT North Carolina Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for Roads & Structures

1.03 SUBMITTALS

A. The asphalt mix formula proposed for use shall be a mix formula that has been previously certified by NC DOT as meeting the requirements of this specification. The Contractor shall submit a letter of certification from the proposed asphalt mix Supplier that verifies the intended formula meets these requirements.

B. The Contractor shall furnish with each shipment 2 copies of a delivery ticket. Both copies shall accompany the shipment and be delivered to the Contracting Officer’s Representative at the destination. The delivery ticket shall contain the following information: Delivery ticket number, date shipped, project or purchase order number, State Laboratory assigned batch number, destination, name of consignee, trailer or car number, Supplier's storage tank or batch number, quantity loaded

(pounds or gallons), specific gravity or pounds per gallon at 60 F., loading temperature, and net gallons at 60 F.

C. Certified reports of Inspections and laboratory tests as required by this specification shall be prepared by an independent testing laboratory.

D. In either case no asphalt materials shall be delivered to the job site prior to said certifications being received and/or accepted by the Contracting Officer’s Representative.

2.01 ASPHALTIC CONCRETE - SURFACE COURSE

A. NCDOT Type S-9.5A “Superpave" shall be used as a surface course and placed over the prepared aggregate base course as shown on the drawings.

2.02 PRIME COAT

A. Cut-back asphalt type: AASHTO M82 (ASTM D 2027)

2.03 TACK COAT

A. Emulsified Asphalt, Grade RS-1H

3.01 GENERAL

The asphalt plant mix shall be produced, transported to the site, placed, and compacted in accordance with NCDOT Specifications Section 610, Asphalt Plant Mix Pavements.

3.02 CONDITIONING OF EXISTING SURFACES

A. Immediately before placing the bituminous mixture, the existing surface shall be cleaned of loose or deleterious material and primed.

B. Contact surfaces of curbing, gutters, manholes, and other structures shall be painted with a thin, uniform coating of prime or tack coat prior to placing bituminous mixture against them. Apply at a rate of 0.04 to 0.08 gallons per square yards.

C. The surfaces of adjacent structures shall be protected from spattering or marring during placement.

3.03 AGGREGATE BASE COURSE PREPARATION

A. All areas to receive new asphalt paving shall be graded to ensure continuous drainage.

B. Aggregate base course shall be approved in writing by the Contracting Officer’s Representative before asphalt paving begins.

C. Prime Coat: Apply at a rate of 0.20 to 0.50 gallon per square yard, over compacted subgrade.

Apply material to penetrate and seal, but not flood surface. Cure and dry as long as necessary to attain penetration and evaporation of volatile vapors. Allow to dry at proper condition to receive paving.

3.04 APPLICATION OF PRIME COAT

A. After the base has been finished to the lines and grades indicated on the drawings and after tests and related checking has determined that the base meets specifications, the prime coat shall be applied. Care shall be taken to remove all loose dust, dirt, and objectionable matter. If deemed necessary, the base shall be lightly sprinkled with water in advance to the prime coat.

B. The amount to be applied shall be sufficient to coat the surface thoroughly and uniformly without any excess to form pools or to flow off of the base. The base shall be primed by the application of approximately 0.15 gallons per square yard of RC-70. Cut-back asphalt shall conform to requirements of AASHTO Designation M-81.

C. Following the application of the prime material, a light uniform application of lean sand shall be applied and rolled for the full width of the base. The same shall be nonplastic, shall be free from silt and rock particles and shall not contain any sticks, vegetation, grass, roots, or organic matter. After the sand covering has been applied and rolled, the surface may be opened to traffic.

3.05 ASPHALT PAVEMENT

A. Surface smoothness tolerances shall conform to NCDOT Specifications, Section 654.

B. Do not apply asphalt mixtures to a wet or frozen surface or when the air temperature is below 45 degrees F or when weather conditions are otherwise unfavorable. Any exceptions to these restrictions shall require written permission from the Contracting Officer’s Representative.

3.06 JOINTS

A. When the laying of the mixture is to be suspended long enough to permit the mixture to become chilled, a transverse joint shall be constructed.

B. A butt joint will be permitted, provided proper compaction is achieved. The joint shall be constructed square to the lane alignment and all excess material shall be discarded.

C. Before paving operations are resumed, the exposed edge of the previously constructed pavement shall be lightly coated with tack coat.

3.07 COMPACTION

A. Asphalt shall be uniformly compacted by rolling before the asphalt has cooled below 185 degrees F.

Compaction equipment shall meet the requirements of NCDOTSS Specifications Section 610-10.

B. Asphalt shall be compacted to a density of at least 90% of the maximum specific gravity (density) as determined according to AASHTO T209 as part of the job-mix formula.

3.08 TESTING & INSPECTION

A. Frequency

1. Contractor shall have independent testing lab take a minimum of 6 random samples of the asphalt mixture at the paver for field testing for asphaltic cement content and gradation over the length of the project.

2. Contractor shall have independent testing lab check density at 6 random locations along the access road and 6 locations in the parking lot. These locations will be determined by the Contracting Officer’s Representative. Density shall be determined in accordance with NCDOT Specifications Section 610-11 – Density Control & Determination; method may be AASHTO T-166 or a nuclear density gauge.

3.09 BASIS OF PAYMENT

02740(01) State Asphalt Pavement, Grading NCDOT Type S-9.5 A “Superpave” ..... Ton

SECTION 02780

CASING PIPES FOR UTILITIES

A. This work includes providing and installing casing pipes under surface structures, where indicated, as specified herein, and as needed for a complete and proper installation. Casing pipes are to be installed prior to finish grading and compaction.

B. Use adequate numbers of skilled workmen who are thoroughly trained and experienced in the necessary crafts and who are completely familiar with the specified requirements and the methods needed for proper performance of the work of this Section.

C. Use equipment adequate in size, capacity, and numbers to accomplish the work in a timely manner.

D. Comply with pertinent provisions of Section 02250 – Sheeting, Shoring & Bracing.

E. Product data: Within 15 calendar days after the Contractor has received the Owner’s Notice to Proceed, submit:

1. Manufacturer’s specifications and other data needed to prove compliance with the specified requirements.

2.01 PVC

A. PVC casing shall be 6” schedule 40 pipe in minimum 20 foot lengths.

B. If necessary, pipe shall be cleaned and joined with adhesives as recommended by the pipe manufacturer.

PART 3 – EXECUTION

3.01 INSTALLATION

A. Locate as shown on drawings to avoid interference with traffic, adjacent structures, and etc.

to such extent possible.

B. Excavate to required depth, providing sheeting and shoring necessary for protection of the work and for safety of personnel.

C. Maintain in dry condition by use of pumps, drains or other approved method.

D. Install specified pipe within the casing and block as required to prevent movement.

E. Pipe shall be capped on each end with threaded PVC end caps sized and designed to fit tightly on the casing.

F. Locations of pipe ends shall be marked in the field with 48” #6 rebar with plastic end caps and with GPS coordinates on as built drawings, accurate to within 3 feet, furnished by the Contractor.

02780(01)Casing Pipes for Utilities………………………………….….Each

SECTION 02821

SEEDING & FERTILIZING

A. This section covers the seeding of all disturbed areas and all ABC shoulder areas of the new trail within the construction limits. The work shall include fine grading of the areas, soil preparation, and application of lime, fertilizer, seed, and mulch.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

A. Fertilizers shall be spread on the ground surface at the following rates.

Grade 18/46/0 600 lb/acre

B. Seed shall be spread on the ground surface in the following amounts.

Winter 90 lbs/acre

C. All dates shown are guidelines. If weather conditions are abnormal, the CO shall consult with Forest Service

Soil Scientist and/or Botanist for additional seeding times.

Permanent Seeding – Spring (2/1 to 5/1):

Fungus Free Tall Fescue (Kentucky 31 is not acceptable): 20 lbs/acre Virginia Wild Rye: 10 lbs/acre Creeping Red Fescue: 6 lbs/acre Red Clover: 12 lbs/acre Rye (cereal small grain): 30 lbs/acre

Permanent Seeding – Summer (5/1 to 8/1):

Creeping Red Fescue: 10 lbs/acre Little Bluestem: 10 lbs/acre Indian Grass: 10 lbs/acre Partridge Pea: 6 lbs/acre

Temporary Seeding:

Foxtail (German) Millet: 30 lbs/acre Partridge Pea: 5 lbs/acre

D. Assure that mulch used on the project is certified noxious weed free by the appropriate authority in the jurisdiction of use.

E. Moisten seeding areas before seeding and maintain the moisture until 3 days after germination.

Apply fertilizer by the following methods:

1.

Dry method. Incorporate the fertilizer into the upper portion of the seedbed before seeding.

2. Apply seed and fertilizer at rates specified.

3. Apply seed by the following methods:

a. Dry method.

Apply the seed with approved power driven seeders, drills, or other mechanical equipment.

Hand operated seeding methods are satisfactory on areas inaccessible to mechanical equipment.

4. Apply mulch within 48 hours after seeding by the following methods:

a. Dry method. Spread all mulch material, except wood and grass cellulose fibers, by a mulch spreader utilizing forced air to blow the mulch material onto the seeded area. Apply straw mulch at designated rate. Anchor the mulch material with an approved stabilizing emulsion tackifier or approved mechanical method. Do not mark or deface structures, pavements, utilities, or plant growth with tackifier. Apply wood fiber or grass straw cellulose fiber mulch at the designated rate. Apply bonded fiber matrix hydraulic mulch at the designated minimum rate. Apply so no hole in the matrix is greater than 0.04 inches.

Apply so that no gaps exist between the matrix and the soil.

b. Mulch by hand areas inaccessible to mulching equipment.

5. Protect and care for seeded areas including watering when needed until final acceptance.

Repair all damage to seeded areas by reseeding, refertilizing, and remulching. Apply supplemental applications of seed, mulch, fertilizer, lime, or ammonium nitrate.

A. Seeding operations shall be carried out in a timely manner following any and all backfill completion as directed by the COR.

B. All disturbed areas to be seeded shall be graded, leveled, and prepared to receive the grass seed.

C. Application of Lime and Fertilizer -…