Attachment 1 - Specifications.docx

SPECIFICATIONS FOR

ROARING RUN LOOP TRAIL REPAIR

Section

Section 101 – Abbreviations

Whenever in the specifications, or in other contract documents, the following terms, or pronouns in place of them, are used, the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as follows. Reference to a specific standard or specification shall mean the latest edition or amendment in effect on date of invitation to bid.

AASHTO – American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ACI – American Concrete Institute

AISC – American Institute of Steel Construction

AISI – American Iron and Steel Institute

AITC – American Institute of Timber Construction

ANSI – American National Standards Institute

APA – American Plywood Institute

API – American petroleum Institute

ASME – American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASTM – American Society for Testing and Material

ATCC – American Type Culture Collection

AWPA – American Wood Preservers Association

AWPB – American Wood Preservers Bureau

AWS – American Welding Society

AWWA – American Water Works Association

CFR – Code of Federal regulations

CRSI – Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute

CS – Commercial Standard issued by U.S. Department of Commerce

DEMA – Diesel Engine Manufacturers Association

FAR – Federal Acquisition Regulation FED SPEC. or FS – Federal Specifications

FSS – Federal Specifications and Standards

GSA – General Services Administration

MIL – Military Specifications

MSHA – Mine Safety and health Administration

MUTCD – Manual on Uniform traffic Control Devices

NBFU – National Board of Fire Underwriters

NBS – National Bureau of Standards

NEMA – National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NESC – National Electrical Safety Code

NFPA – (Fire) – National Fire Protection Association

NFPA – (Forest) – National Forest Products Association

NWMA – National woodwork Manufacturers Association

OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration

PCA – Portland Cement Association

PCI – Prestressed Concrete Institute

PS – Product Standard issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce

PTI – Post-Tensioning Institute

RIS – Redwood Inspection Service

SAE – Society of Automotive Engineers

SF – Standard Form

SSPC – Steel Structures Painting Council

UL – Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.

USASI – United States of American Standards Institute

WCLIB – West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau

WWPA – Western Wood Products Association

Aluminum …… AL.

Asphalt ………. ASP.

Barbed Wire … B.W.

Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe …… B.C.C.S.P. or B.C.C.S. Pipe Bottom of Stairs/Steps …. B.O.S.

Cement ………. Cemt.

Cement Treated … Cemt.-T.

Cement Treated Base … CTB Clearing & Grubbing … Clear & Grub Compaction …… Cmpct.

Concrete ……… Conc.

Corrugated Metal Pipe …. CMP Corrugated Steel Pipe …... C.S.P.

Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch …. C.S.P. Arch Cubic Yard …. C.Y.

Cubic Yard Mile ….. C.Y. MI.

Diameter …. Dia.

Each … Ea.

Emulsified … Emlsfd.

Erosion and Pollution Control … E&P Control Fabricated … Fabr.

Foundation … Found.

Furnished … Furn.

Gallon … Gal.

Grade … Gr.

Height … Ht.

High Strength … H. Strength Horizontal … Hor.

Hour … Hr.

Linear Foot … L.F.

Liquid … Liq.

Loading … Ld.

Lump Sum … L.S.

Material … Mat’l.

Maximum … Max.

Method … M.

Mile …. MI.

Minimum … Min.

One Thousand Board Feet … MFBM One Thousand Gallons … M. Gals.

One Thousand gallons Mile … M.Gals. Mi.

One Thousand Square Feet … M.S.F.

Polyvinylchloride … PVC Pounds … LBS Reflectorized … Reflect.

Section … Sec.

Square Foot … S.F.

Square Yard … S.Y.

Station … Sta.

Station Yard … Sta. Yd.

Strand … S Structural … Struct.

Structural Steel … S. Steel Stump … Stmp.

Target Value … TV Thickness Th.

Ton Mile … T.M.

Top of Stairs/Steps ….. T.O.S.

Tops and Limbs … T&L Utilization of Timber … UOT Vertical … Vert.

White … Wh.

Width … W With … W/ Without … W/O Woven Wire … W.W.

Yellow … Ye.

Section 102 – Definitions

Wherever in these specifications, or in other contract documents, the following terms, or pronouns in place of them, are used, the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as follows.

Adjustment in Contract Price – “Adjustment in contract price” shall mean “equitable adjustment” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “Construction Cost Adjustment “ as used in the Timber Sale Contract as applicable.

Arch Pipe – A culvert section, usually formed of bolted structural plates, that is an arc of a circle (usually one-half or less); that is, a bottomless culvert.

Base Course – The layer or layers of specified or selected material of designed thickness placed on a subbase or subgrade to support a surface course.

Bearings – the portion of a beam, girder, or truss that transmits the bridge superstructure load to the substructure.

Berm – The ridge of material formed on the outer edge of the trail that projects higher than the center of the trail tread.

Borrow – Soil, gravel, or rock materials taken from sources approved by the Engineer, to be used for embankments and backfilling.

Bridge – A structure, including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruction, such as water, road, trail or railway and having a floor for carrying traffic or other moving loads.

Bridge Length – The overall length measured along the centerline of road/trail to the back of abutment backwalls, if present, otherwise end to end of the bridge floor, but in no case less than the total clear opening of the structure.

Bridge Traveled Way Width – The clear width measured at right angles to the longitudinal centerline of the bridge between the bottom of curbs or, if curbs are not used, between the inner faces of parapet railing.

Change – “Change” means “Change Order” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “Design change” as used in the Timber Sale Contract.

Clearing Limits – The limits of clearing as designated on the ground or on the drawings.

Compacted – Consolidation that is obtained by tamping or rolling mineral soil and small aggregate in successive layers not more than 6 inches in loose depth. Compacting shall continue until no noticeable displacement of material is observed.

Conduit – A natural or artificial channel for carrying fluids, as water pipes, canal, and aqueducts.

Construction Slash – All vegetative material not meeting utilization standards, such as tops and limbs, brush, and grubbed stumps associated with construction or reconstruction of a facility.

Contracting Officer (CO) – The person with the authority to enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings.

Contractor – The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corporation undertaking the execution of the work under the terms of the contract and acting directly or through their agent, employees, or subcontractors. As used in specifications and drawings for specified roads (Timber Sale Contracts), “contactor” is “purchaser.”

Controlled Felling – Directing the placement of trees in felling by wedges, jacks, cable tension, or distribution of holding wood or any combination of these which will ensure that trees are dropped into previously cleared areas, or clear of any objects that are to remain.

Culvert – A conduit or passageway under a road, trail, or other obstruction. A culvert differs from a bridge in that it is usually constructed entirely below the elevation of the traveled way.

Cushion Material – Native or imported material generally placed over rocky sections of unsurfaced roads/trails to provide a usable and maintainable traveled way.

Defect – A failure to meet a requirement with respect to a single quality characteristic.

Designated on the Ground – Point out or mark the location of materials, work areas, and construction items, including lines and grades, with stakes, flagging, tags or paint.

Drawings – The documents showing details for construction of a facility, including straight line diagrams, trail logs, standard drawings, construction logs, plan and profile sheets, cross sections, diagrams, layouts, schematics, descriptive literature, and similar materials.

Duff - Organic material overlying rock or mineral soil.

Embankment – A structure of soil, aggregate, or rock material placed on the prepared ground surface and constructed to subgrade.

Engineer – The Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) or Engineering Representative (ER) responsible for onsite administration of the contract.

Equipment – All machinery and equipment, together with the necessary supplies for upkeep and maintenance, as well as tools and apparatus necessary for the proper construction and acceptable completion of the work.

Excess Excavation – Material from the trailway in excess of that needed for construction of designed trails.

Forest Service – The United States of America, acting through the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Full Bench – Where the entire trail is constructed on undisturbed material.

Gauge – The term “gauge” when used in connection with the measurement of plates will mean the U.S. Standard gauge, except when reference is made to the measurement of metal sheets used in the manufacture of corrugated metal, pipe, metal pipe culverts and arches, and metal cribbing, then the term means the “gauge” or “thickness” specified in AASHTO M 36, M 167, M 196, and M 219, as applicable. When the term “gauge” refers to the measurement of wire, it will mean the wire gauge specified in AASHTO M 32.

Government Land – National Forest System lands, and other lands controlled or administered by the Forest Service or by other Federal agencies.

Inspector – The government-authorized representative designated in writing by the CO, COR, or ER responsible for detailed inspection.

Inslope – Where the trailbed is sloped downward toward the backslope of the trailway.

Job-Mix Formula – The percentage of each material in a mixture intended for a particular use.

Laboratory – A testing laboratory of the Government or any other testing laboratory approved by the Contracting Officer.

Materials – Any substance specified for use in the construction of the project and its appurtenances.

Maximum Density – The highest density that can be obtained under stated conditions.

Measurement – Determining and expressing the quantities of work or materials.

Mineral Soil – Organic free soil that contains rock less than 2 inches in maximum dimension.

Multi-Beam Girder – A precast, prestressed concrete member where the concrete deck is precast as an integral part of the member.

Neat Line – A line defining the proposed or specified limits of an excavation or structure.

Nominal Maximum Particle Size – The largest sieve size listed in the applicable specification upon which any material is permitted to be retained.

Outslope – Where the trailbed is sloped downward toward the embankment or daylight side of the trailway.

Overbreak – Material beyond the neat line of an excavation that is removed in the process of excavation, usually by blasting.

Pavement Structure – Subbase, base, or surface course, or combination thereof, placed on a subgrade to support the traffic load and distribute it to the roadbed.

Pioneer Road – Temporary construction access built along the route of the project.

Pipe – A culvert that is circular (round) in cross section.

Pipe-Arch – A pipe that has been factory deformed from a circular shape such that the width (or span) is larger than the vertical dimension (or rise).

Profile Grade – The trace of a vertical plane, as shown on the drawings, intersecting the top surface at the centerline of the proposed facility.

Random Sampling - Sampling at times or locations determined in advance by the use of a table of random numbers.

Reasonably Close Conformity – Unless working tolerances are specified, all work performed and materials furnished shall be in reasonably close conformity with lines, grades, cross sections, dimensions, and material requirements shown on the drawings, indicated in the specifications or designated on the ground. “Reasonably close conformity” is compliance with reasonable and customary manufacturing and construction tolerances.

Right-of-Way – a general term denoting (1) the privilege to pass over land in some particular line (including easement, lease, permit, or license to occupy, use, or traverse public or private lands) or (2) land, appurtenances thereto, or interest therein, usually in a strip, acquired for public or private passageway.

Schedule of items – A schedule in the contract that contains a listing and description of construction items, quantities, units of measure, methods of measurement, unit price, and amount.

Second sample – A sample taken when the initial sample indicates that the material is defective.

Sideslope – The natural slope of the ground measured at right angle to the trail centerline, usually expressed in percent.

Special Project Specifications – The specifications that detail the conditions and requirements peculiar to the individual project, including additions and revisions to standard specifications.

Specifications – A description of the technical requirements for a material, product, or service that includes criteria for determination whether these requirements are meet.

Standard Specifications – Specifications approved for general application and repetitive use.

Subbase – The layers of specified or selected material of designed thickness placed on a subgrade to support a base course.

Subgrade – The layers of roadbed that bring it up to the top surface, upon which subbase, base, or surface course is constructed. For roads without base course or surface course, that potion of roadbed prepared as the finished wearing surface.

Substructure (Bridge) – All of that part of the structure below the bearings of simple and continuous spans, skewbacks of arches, and tops of footings of rigid frames, together with the backwall, wingwalls, and wing protection railings.

Superstructure (Bridge) – The entire structure except the substructure.

Surface Course – The top layer of a pavement structure, sometimes called the wearing course, usually designed to resist skidding, traffic abrasion, and the disintegrating effects of climate.

Tackifier – Binder for vegetative mulch.

Target Value – the percentage of each material in a mixture intended for a particular use from which allowable variations are measured.

Turnpike – Tread made stable in wet, boggy areas by placing mineral soil between parallel side logs or rocks. May include ditches alongside the trail.

Unit of Measurement – The unit and fractions of units shown in the Schedule of Items.

Unsuitable Material – The material excavated during roadway construction that is not usable in embankment and must be disposed of or that can be used only in certain locations or for limited purposes.

Water Course – Any channel, either natural or constructed, where water flows or will collect and flow.

Section 103 – Intent of Contract

The intent of the contract is to provide for the complete construction of the project. Unless otherwise provided, the contractor shall furnish all labor, materials, equipment, tools, transportation, and supplies, and shall perform all work required to complete the project as per the drawings and specifications, and in accordance with provisions of the contract.

Section 105 – Material Sources

All material(s) shall be as shown on the drawings and specifications.

Section 106 – Measurement & Payment

Measurement and payment for contract work will be made only for and under those pay items included in the Schedule of Items. All other work and materials will be considered incidental and included in the payment for items shown.

For aggregate weighed for payment, the tonnage will not be adjusted for moisture content, unless otherwise provided for in special project specifications.

Payment

Payment will be by units defined and determined according to U.S. Standard measure and by the following:

(a) Cubic Yard – A measurement computed by one of the following methods:

(1) Excavation, embankment, or borrow. The measurement computed by the average end area method from measurements made longitudinally along a centerline or reference line.

(2) Material in place or stockpile. The measurement computed using dimensions of the in place material.

(3) Material in the delivery vehicle. The measurement computed using measurements of material in the hauling vehicles at the point of delivery. Vehicles shall be loaded to at least their water level capacity. Leveling of the loads may be required when vehicles arrive at the delivery point.

(b) Cubic Yard Mile – A combination of linear and volumetric measurement meaning the movement of a cubic yard of material 1 mile.

(c) Each – One complete unit, which may consist of one or more parts.

(d) Station- One hundred linear feet measured horizontally.

(e) Ton – Short ton consisting of 2,000 pounds.

(f) Lump Sum – One complete unit of work.

(g) Linear Foot – One foot measured horizontally equal to 12 inches.

Methods of Measurement

One of the following methods of measurement for determining final payment is designated on the Schedule of Items for each pay item:

(a) Designed Quantities (DQ) – These quantities denote the final number of units to be paid for under the terms of the contract. They are based upon the original design data available prior to advertising the project. Original design data include the preliminary survey information, design assumptions, calculations, drawings, and the presentation in the contract. Changes in the number of units shown in the Schedule of Items may be authorized under any of the following condition:

(1) As a result of changes in the work authorized by the Contracting Officer.

(2) As a result of the Contracting Officer determining that errors exist in the original design that causes a pay item quantity to change by 15 percent or more.

(3) As a result of the contractor submitting to the Contracting Officer a written request showing evidence of errors in the original design that cause a pay item quantity to change by 15 percent or more. The evidence must be verifiable and consist of calculations, drawings, or other data that show how the designed quantity is believed to be in error.

(b) Staked Quantities (SQ) – These quantities are determined from staked measurements prior to construction.

(c) Actual Quantities (AQ) – These quantities are determined from measurements of completed work.

(d) Vehicle Quantities (VQ) – these quantities are measured or weighed in hauling vehicles.

(e) Lump Sum Quantities (LSQ) – These quantities denote one complete unit of work as required by or described in the contract, including necessary materials, equipment, and labor to complete the job. They will not be measured.

Section 911 – Clearing and Grubbing

Description

Work consists of clearing, grubbing, trimming, removing, and treating trees, logs, limbs, branches, brush, plants and other vegetation within the clearing limits. Work includes the felling and treatment of designated trees outside the clearing limits. Also included are the protection from injury of defacement of trees and other objects not designated for removal and the treatment of any damaged trees.

Construction

Clearing Limits – Clear to the dimensions shown of the drawings or 1 foot beyond the fill and backslope catch points, whichever is greater.

Material to be cleared – Remove and dispose of trees, logs, limbs, branches, brush, herbaceous plants, and other vegetation within the clearing limits as shown on the drawings, except for the following:

(a) Live, sound, and firmly rooted trees of the size shown on the drawings.

(b) Live brush, herbaceous plants, and trees between the trailway and the clearing limits that are less than 1 foot in height and less than ½ inch at ground line.

Except as provided above, cut all limbs and branches more than ½ inch in diameter that extend into the clearing limits. Cut limbs flush with the tree trunks or stems or cut at ground surface as shown on the drawings.

Fall and limb designated trees only.

Damaged Trees – When felling, cutting, or trimming, do not cause bark damage to standing timber. If damage does occur to standing trees, the injured trees shall be treated with products made for such treatment and approved by the COR. Remove and dispose of trees with major roots exposed by construction that are rendered unstable.

Removal of Stumps – remove all stumps within the trailbed. Remove stumps located between the edge of the trailbed and the edge of the trailway that cannot be cut flush with the finished slope or that are not tightly rooted.

Disposal of Clearing Slash, Logs, Stumps. Brush and roots – Limb all felled trees to a 2 inch top, including designated trees outside the clearing limits.

Do not place clearing slash, logs stumps, brush, or roots in concentrated piles. Scatter all logs, limbs, lopped tops, brush, and grubbed stumps and roots a minimum of fifty(50) feet from the trail as directed by the COR. No Clearing debris shall be allowed to be within fifty (50 ) feet of stream beds. Logs may be placed on the uphill side of the trail if they are placed so that they will not move into the clearing limits.

Measurement

Method – There will be no separate measurement for this item.

Basis – Clearing and Grubbing will be considered incidental to other pay items in this contract, and additional payment will not be made.

Section 912 – Excavation and Embankment

Description

Work - Work consists of the excavation and placement of excavated material, regardless of its nature, from within the trailway or from other sources, except for material included under other pay items shown in the schedule of items.

Work includes excavation, embankment, and backfill construction required to shape and finish the trailbed, ditches, backslopes, fill slopes, drainage dips, trail passing sections, and turnouts. Also included is excavation and embankment work required to construct shallow stream fords and gully crossings, talus and rubble rock sections, and climbing turns. Also included is associated excavation and embankment for constructed trail features including but not limited to puncheon bridges, log cribbing, elevated boardwalks, new trail, and log retainers with fill.

Use and Disposal of excavated Material – Conserve and use all suitable material for specified work. Conserve excess excavated rock suitable for specified project work and use in place of materials from designated sources.

Remove all duff and debris from within trailway limits and uniformly spread outside the clearing limits, not more than 4 inches in depth (unless otherwise shown on the drawings). Do not obstruct drainage or create piles, berms, or windrows of debris.

Place excess and unsuitable excavation beyond the downslope edge of the trailbed. Do not obstruct drainage and spread material to a depth not exceeding 4 inches. This includes any material removed in the grubbing operation and deposited in the same area.

Place rocks over 4 inches in greatest dimension not used in construction beyond the hinge point on the downslope side. Place excess rocks so that the tops are at least 6 inches lower than the trailbed surface. Ensure that no blockage of drainage or creation of a windrow effect occurs.

Trailway Excavation and embankment – Minor deviations of +/- 1 foot in vertical alignment and 3 feet in horizontal alignment with smooth transitions of at least 30 feet on each side of the deviation are acceptable unless otherwise shown on the drawings when approved by the COR.

Make necessary adjustments of horizontal or vertical alignment only with approval of the COR to produce the designed trailway section and balanced earthwork. Such adjustments shall not be considered as changes.

Construct embankments with suitable compacted material. Compact all disturbed soil within the trailbed area as per the requirements of Section 913.

Remove any rock within or above the blackslopes that is unstable. Use or dispose of rock in accordance with section 912.

Leave the finished slope in a uniform and roughened condition.

Trailbed Finish – Fill holes with suitable material, compact, and cut high points to provide a uniform trailbed finish.

Talus or Rubble Rock Sections – Through talus or rubble rock areas, fill all voids with suitable material to the depth shown on the drawings. Use cap rocks that weigh a minimum of 150 pounds and have a length of at least twice their width. At least 50 percent of all hand placed outer rocks should weigh a minimum of 150 pounds. Construct tread by building out rather than by removing material from the inner bank.

Ditches – Construct ditches to be free of loose rocks, roots, sticks, and other obstructions.

Basis – Excavation and Embankment will be considered incidental to other pay items in this contract, and additional payment will not be made.

Section 913 – Soil Compaction

This section covers all compaction for earth fills including material under footings, slabs, walkways, steps, cribbing and backfill as shown on the drawings and specified herein.

The material for fills shall consist of a mixture of soil, gravel, talus rock or other suitable material. The material shall be free of organic vegetative matter.

Oversize material may be either removed or broken down to the specified dimension by any method which accomplishes reduction to that size.

Excavation shall produce surface to line and grade shown on the drawings.

Fills shall be constructed to sections and elevations indicated. Exterior fills shall drain.

The ground on which the fill or backfill material is placed shall be firm, dry unfrozen and cleared of debris.

Compact earth fills under all natural stone steps, concrete slabs, footings and walkways. Material shall be placed in approximately 6 inch lifts and be compacted to a uniform density. Compaction shall continue until visual displacement of each layer ceases.

Basis – Soil compaction will be considered incidental to other pay items in this contract, and additional payment will not be made.

Section 914 – Erosion Control

The contractor shall provide all labor, equipment and materials necessary to comply with state and local laws for the prevention of soil erosion and water pollution. All areas disturbed by construction shall be seeded and mulched upon their completion. This will be considered final seeding, but the Contractor is responsible for repairing of damage and reseeding bare areas, until project closeout. Before any excavation the contractor shall install straw bales between the construction site and the creek. The bales shall be staked in place with 2 stakes per bale and maintained during construction.

Materials

Seed shall be applied at the following rate pounds per acre:

10 pounds Orchard Grass 6 pounds Timothy 6 pounds Kentucky Blue Grass 2 pounds White Clover 2 pounds red Clover

4000 pounds hay or straw mulch free of noxious weeds, mold, or other objectable material.

Fertilizer is not required.

Mulch shall be evenly spread immediately after seeding has been completed.

Seeding shall be allowed only between May 1st and June 30th and September 1st and October 31st unless otherwise approved by the COR.

Basis – Erosion Control will be considered incidental to other pay items in this contract, and additional payment will not be made.

Section 932 – Puncheon Bridge

Work consists of constructing puncheon, including requirements in Section 911 - Clearing and Grubbing, Section 912 – Excavation and Embankment, Section 913 – Soil Compaction and Section 914 – Erosion Control.

The contractor shall furnish all labor, materials and equipment required to install puncheon bridge(s) as shown on the drawings and specified herein. Work shall include transporting logs to the installation site, excavation, notching, preservation treatment, predrilling, pinning, backfilling and trail bed and slope finishing.

Materials shall be as shown on the plans.

All materials shall be reasonably straight, sound and free of defects.

Logs shall be 6”- 8” diameter. All logs shall be pressure treated with 0.6 pcf CCA in accordance with AWPA Std. C14.

All lumber shall be No.2 S4S, pressure treated southern yellow pine, 0.6 pcf CCA.

All hardware shall be hot dipped galvanized.

All field cuts, holes or notches shall be treated with two coats of Copper Naphthanate Solution in accordance with AWPA Spec. M4.

Construct puncheon at locations shown on the drawings or designated on the ground. Pre-drill holes for fasteners when necessary to prevent splitting and drive spikes flush.

Excavation and Embankment Perform excavation and embankment in accordance with the requirements of Section 912 and as shown on the drawings.

Mud Sills Bury mud sills to a depth that provides a finished walking surface that is less than or equal to 3 feet above the surrounding ground. Hew sill logs to provide a bearing surface for the log stringers and to provide the log stringers with a level top surface. Do not hew sill logs more than one-third their diameter. Do not level the top surfaces of the log stringers by shimming or notching their ends.

Log Stringers Use logs greater than or equal to 10 feet in length and diameter shown on the drawings. Fasten each stringer to each mud sill with drift pins that penetrate a minimum of 3 inches into the mud sill unless otherwise shown on the drawings.

When plank decking is used, hew the top surfaces of log stringers up to 2 inches deep , necessary, to provide bearing surfaces for deck planks.

Finished Walkway Construct abutting ends of sections of logs or plank puncheon flush with each other. Do not slope the surface of the completed walkway to either side. Construct puncheon with a grade that does not exceed 6 percent and where no change in grade exceeds 6 percent unless otherwise shown on the drawings. Construct the finished walking surface of the puncheon flush with the trail grade or other adjoining structures at each end of the structure.

Decking Spike decking evenly at right angles to each stringer. Each decking board shall be nailed with two (2) nails on each end. Nails shall be aligned straight for each row of nails per stringer.

Deck planks shall be laid to provide full bearing support for the complete width of the plank.

Trim protruding ends of the decking to give a straight-line appearance to the edges of the structure.

Curbs Construct curbs with logs as shown on the drawings. Use lengths greater than 10 feet and splice with a 6 inch half-lap joint at a spacer location. Match diameters of logs at lap joints and trim excess to provide a smooth transition between logs.

Counterbore lag screws in curbs so that heads are flush with the surface.

Finish curbs smooth and free from splinters and sharp projections.

Approach Fills Construct the approach fills with compacted suitable material in accordance with sections 912 and 913.

All disturbed areas shall be seeded and mulched in accordance with section 914.

Method – Measure the quantities in accordance with section 106.

Basis – Payment for the accepted quantities shall be in accordance with section 106 at the contract unit price for each pay item shown in the schedule of items.

Section 933 – Log Cribbing Work consists of log cribbing, including requirements in Section 911 – Clearing and Grubbing, Section 912 – Excavation and Embankment, Section 913 – Soil Compaction and Section 914 – Erosion Control.

The contractor shall furnish all labor, materials and equipment required to install log cribbing as shown on the drawings and specified herein. Work shall include transporting logs to the installation site, excavation, notching, preservation treatment, predrilling, pinning, backfilling and trail bed and slope finishing.

Materials Materials shall be as shown on the plans.

All materials shall be reasonably straight, sound and free of defects.

Logs shall be 6”- 8” diameter. All logs shall be pressure treated with 0.6 pcf CCA in accordance with AWPA Std. C14.

All hardware shall be hot dipped galvanized.

All field cuts, holes or notches shall be treated with two coats of Copper Naphthanate Solution in accordance with AWPA Spec. M4.

Execution Excavation shall be sufficient width and depth to permit construction of log cribbing in accordance to the drawings and as per section 912.

Excavation shall be performed to provide a full bench foundation of stable undisturbed soil or compacted mineral soil. The finish foundation grade shall be parallel with the trail profile grade.

Logs shall be notched and fitted as shown on the drawings. Logs shall be notched on the bottom side.

Sill and filler logs will not be notched. All face, rear, and header logs shall be individually notched to fit as the construction proceeds vertically; pre-notching shall not be permitted.

Notching depth shall be a minimum of ¼ to maximum of 1/3 log diameter. Notching depth and width shall be varied as required to obtain a snug fit and contact between interlocking logs of varying diameters. No space between filler and face logs shall exceed ½ inch.

Sequence of log placement and pinning shall ensure that filler logs are in place before backfilling and compaction in accordance with sections 912 and 913.

All disturbed areas shall be seeded and mulched in accordance with section 914.

Basis – Payment for the accepted quantities shall be in accordance with section 106 at the contract unit price for each pay item shown in the schedule of items.

Section 934 – Elevated Boardwalk

Work consists of elevated boardwalk, including requirements in Section 911 Clearing and Grubbing, Section 912 - Excavation and Embankment, Section 913 – Soil Compaction and Section 914 – Erosion Control.

The contractor shall furnish all labor, materials and equipment required to install an elevated boardwalk as shown on the drawings and as specified herein. Work shall include transporting materials to the installation site, excavation, notching, preservation treatment, predrilling, pinning, backfilling, and trailbed and slope finishing.

Materials shall be as shown on the plans.

All materials shall be reasonably straight, sound and free of defects.

All lumber shall be No.2 S4S, pressure treated southern yellow pine, 0.6 pcf CCA. Wood finish shall be Flood or equal, color as approved by COR. Finish shall be applied with a brush.

All field cuts, holes or notches shall be treated with two coats of Copper Naphthanate Solution in accordance with AWPA Spec. M4.

Hurricane ties shall be H-5 Simpson or equal. All hardware shall be hot dipped galvanized.

Execution Excavation shall be sufficient width and depth to permit construction in accordance to the drawings and as per section 912.

Excavation shall be performed to provide a full bench foundation of stable undisturbed soil or compacted mineral soil. The finish foundation grade shall be parallel with the trail profile grade.

All disturbed areas shall be seeded and mulched in accordance with section 914.

Basis – Payment for the accepted quantities shall be in accordance with section 106 at the contract unit price for each pay item shown in the schedule of items.

Section 941 – New Trail and Log Retainer with Fill

Work consists of new trail construction and log retainers with fill, including requirements in Section 911 – Clearing and Grubbing, Section 912 – Excavation and Embankment, Section 913 – Soil Compaction and Section 914 – Erosion Control.

Materials Materials shall be as shown on the plans.

All materials shall be reasonably straight, sound and free of defects.

Logs shall be 6”- 8” diameter. All logs shall be pressure treated with 0.6 pcf CCA in accordance with AWPA Std. C14.

All hardware shall be hot dipped galvanized.

All field cuts, holes or notches shall be treated with two coats of Copper Naphthanate Solution in accordance with AWPA Spec. M4.

Aggregate shall be VDOT #10 crushed stone.

Execution Area shall be cleared and grubbed in accordance with requirements in section 911.

Excavation shall be sufficient width and depth to permit construction of new trail or log retainer(s) with fill in accordance to the drawings and as per section 912.

Excavation shall be performed to provide a full bench foundation of stable undisturbed soil or compacted mineral soil. The finish foundation grade shall be parallel with the trail profile grade. Compaction shall be in accordance with section 913.

Logs shall be as shown on the drawings.

Sequence of log placement and pinning shall ensure that logs are in place before backfilling and compaction in accordance with sections 912 and 913.

All disturbed areas shall be seeded and mulched in accordance with section 914.

Aggregate surfacing shall be as shown on the drawings and as specified herein. Payment for aggregate surfacing shall be incidental to this pay item.

Method – Measure the quantities in accordance with section 106. Each side of the trail with log retainer with fill shall be measured for payment.

Basis – Payment for the accepted quantities shall be in accordance with section 106 at the contract unit price for each pay item shown in the schedule of items.