5StandardSpecifications.pdf

OHV TRAIL SPECIFICATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 901 Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Terms

SECTION 902 Definitions

SECTION 903 Intent of Contract

SECTION 904 Maintenance for Traffic

SECTION 905 Control of Materials

SECTION 906 Measurement and Payment

SECTION 907 Quality Assurance and Quality Measurement

SECTION 908 Staking, Flagging, and Cleanup

SECTION 911 Clearing and Grubbing

SECTION 912 Excavation and Embankment

SECTION 915 Existing Trail Restoration

SECTION 951 Mobilization

SECTION 954 Obliteration of Abandoned Trailways

SECTION 955 Seeding and Mulching

SECTION 981 Brush Cutting

SECTION 982 Logging Out

SECTION 983 Danger Tree Removal

SECTION 984 Loose Rock Removal

SECTION 985 Rock and Root Removal

SECTION 991 Drainage Maintenance

See additional trail maintenance standards in section C of the solicitation.

Section 901-Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Terms

901.01 Terms, Organizations, and Standards

(a) Specification Terms. These specifications are generally written in the imperative mood. In sentences using the imperative mood, the subject "the Contractor," is implied. Also implied in this language is "shall,"

"shall be," or similar words or phrases. In material specifications the subject may also be the supplier, fabricator, or manufacturer supplying material, products, or equipment for use on the project. Wherever

"directed," "required," "prescribed," or similar words are used, the "direction," "requirement," or "order" of the CO is intended. Similarly, wherever "approved," "acceptable," suitable," "satisfactory," or similar words are used, they mean "approved by," "acceptable to," or "satisfactory to" the CO. The word "will" generally pertains to decisions or actions of the CO. Whenever in these specifications or in other contract documents, the following terms (or pronouns in place of them) are used, the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as follows: reference to a specific standard, test, testing method, or specification shall mean the latest published edition or amendment that is in effect at the solicitation issue date for the public works contracts.

(b) Abbreviations and Acronyms

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ABS Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene

AQ Actual Quantities

APA American Plywood Association

ASTM American Society for Testing and Material

AWPA American Wood Preservers Association

C.F. Cubic Feet

CO Contracting Officer

C.Y Cubic Yards

DQ Design Quantities

EA Each f (‘) feet

HDPE High-Density Polyethylene gal gallon hr hour in (") inches lb pounds

L.F. Linear Feet

LS Lump Sum

LSQ Lump Sum Quantities mi miles

NBS National Bureau of Standards

NCMA National Concrete Masonry Association

PE polyethylene

PS Product Standard issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce

PVC polyvinyl chloride

S.F. square feet

SQ Staked Quantifies

S.Y. Square Yards

WCLIB West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau

W WPA Western Wood Products Association

(c) Slope notation (horizontal: vertical).

Section 902-Definitions

When the following terms, or pronouns in place of them, are used in these specifications or in other contract documents, the intent and meaning are as follows:

Base Course. The layer or layers of specified material of designed thickness placed on a trailbed to support surfacing.

Batter. A backward and upward slope of the face of a wall.

Berm. The ridge of material formed on the outer edge of the trail that projects higher than the tread.

Borrow. Suitable materials taken from approved sources designated on the drawings or on the ground, to be used for embankments and backfilling.

Bridge. A structure, including supports, erected over a depression or stream, and having a deck for carry traffic.

Cap Rock. Rock placed in the top or uppermost layer in a constructed rock structure, such as a talus or rubble rock section or rock retaining wall.

Catch Point. The outer limits of a trailway where the excavation and/or embankment intersect with the ground line.

Clearing Limit. The area over and beside the trail that is cleared of trees, limbs, and other obstructions.

Climbing Turn. A reverse in direction of trail grade without a level landing used to change elevation on a steep slope.

Compacted. Consolidation that is obtained by tamping or rolling suitable material until no noticeable displacement of material is observed.

Contracting Officer (CO). An official of the Government with the authority to enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. The term includes certain authorized representtatives of the CO acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the CO.

Culvert. A drainage structure composed of rock, metal, or wood that is placed approximately perpendicular to and under the trailway.

Cushion Material. Native or imported .material, generally placed over rocky section of unsurfaced trail to provide a usable and maintained traveled way.

Danger Tree. An unstable tree 5" or greater in diameter at breast height that is likely to fall across the trail.

Designated on the Ground. The location of materials, work areas, and construction items, including lines and grades, marked on the ground with stakes, flagging, tags, or paint.

Drawings. Documents showing details for construction of a facility, including but not limited to straight-line diagrams, trail logs, standard drawings, construction logs, plan and profile sheets, cross-sections, diagrams, layouts, schematics, descriptive literature, and similar materials.

Duff. Organic material overlying rock or mineral soil.

Embankment. A structure of suitable material placed on the prepared ground surface and constructed to the trailbed elevation.

Excess Excavation. Material in the trailway in excess of that needed for construction of designed trailways.

Ford. A water-level stream crossing constructed to provide a level surface for safe traffic passage.

Full Bench. Trailbed constructed entirely on undisturbed material.

Grade. The vertical distance of ascent or descent of the trail expressed as a percentage of the horizontal distance.

Header Rock. Rock laid with the narrow end towards the face of the wall.

Inslope. Where the trail tread is sloped downward toward the backslope.

Mineral Soil. Soil or aggregate that is free from organic substances and contains no particles larger than 2" at their greatest dimension.

Outslope. Where the trail tread is sloped downward toward the embankment or daylight side of the trailway.

Sideslope. The natural slope of the ground, usually expressed as a percentage.

Slough. That material from the backslope or the area of the backslope that has raveled onto the trailbed

Slump. Where the trailbed material has moved downward, causing a dip in the trail grade.

Special Project Specification. Specifications that detail the conditions and requirements peculiar to an individual project, including additions and revisions to the standard specifications.

Surfacing. Material placed on top of the trailbed or base course that provides the desired tread.

Suitable Material. Rock that can be accommodated in the trail structure, and soil free of duff with a recognizable granular texture.

Switchback. A reverse in direction of trail grade with a level landing used to change elevation on a steep slope, usually involving special treatment of the approaches, barriers, and drainages.

Trailbed. The finished surface on which base course or surfacing may be constructed. For trails without surfacing the trailbed is the tread.

Trailway. The portion of the trail within the limits of the excavation and embankment.

Tread. The surface portion of the trail upon which traffic moves.

Turnout. A short section of extra trail width to provide for passage of trail users.

Waterbar. A structure used for turning water off the trail, usually made oflogs or stones.

Water Courses. Any natural or constructed channel where water naturally flows or will collect and flow during spring runoff, rainstorms, etc.

Section 903-Intent of Contract

903.01 Intent. The intent is to provide for the completion of the project described in the contract. Furnish all labor, materials, equipment, tools, transportation, and supplies and perform all work required to complete the project in accordance with drawings, specifications, and provisions of the contract.

Section 904-Maintenance for Traffic

904.01 General. Keep existing trails that are undergoing improvements open and maintained in such a condition as to safely accommodate traffic. Provide and maintain temporary detours, approaches, or crossings and intersections with trails, roads, businesses, parking lots, and campgrounds in a safe and passable condition. Perform no work that interferes or conflicts with traffic until a plan for handling traffic has been submitted and approved. Specific requirements for detours or closures are SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS or in the SPECIAL PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS.

Before any suspension of work take precautions necessary to prevent damage to the project, such as temporary detours, approaches, crossings, or intersections, and make provisions for normal drainage and to minimize erosion. Leave all trailways in a condition suitable for traffic unless otherwise specified. The

Government may permit use of portions of the project during periods when operations are shut down. All maintenance attributable to permitted. use during periods of work suspension will be provided by the

Government. The contractor is responsible for any maintenance that is not attributable to use or that is necessary during suspensions resulting from fault or negligence of the contractor.

Section 905-Control of Materials

905.01 Handling Materials. Transport and handle all materials to preserve their quality and fitness for the work Stockpile, load, and transport aggregates in a manner that will preserve specified gradation and avoid contamination. Store materials to assure the preservation of their quality and fitness for the work Locate stored materials to facilitate their prompt inspection. Sites on Government-administered land that are not already designated may be. used for storage purposes and for placing of equipment only when approved in advance by the CO. Restore all storage sites in accordance with requirements SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS or as otherwise specified. Arrangements for storage on other than designated sites are the responsibility of the contractor.

905.02 Material Sources

(a) Designated Sources. Sources for materials such as, but not limited to, soil, rock, or logs that are not available from trailway excavation or clearing operations will be designated. Sources of local materials designated in the SPECIAL PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS or SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS are guaranteed by the Government for the quality and quantity of material in the source.

Use all needed suitable material from the source. The designation of a source includes the right to use areas

SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS for the purposes designated (such as plant sites, stockpiles, haul roads).

Operations are restricted to the confines of the area(s) designated.

(b) Contractor-Furnished Sources. Furnish material that produces an end product equivalent in performance to that specified.

905.03 Restoration. Shape and grade borrow areas on Government-administered land to make them stable and to minimize future erosion. Dispose of debris resulting from development of material sources by scattering, unless otherwise specified. Do not scatter debris within the clearing limits of trails or within roadsides. Cut off stumps to less than 1' above the ground as measured on the uphill side of the stump.

Section 906-Measurement and Payment

906.01 General. Measurement and payment for contract work will be made only for and under those pay items included in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS. All other work and materials will be considered incidental and included in the payment of the PAY ITEMS in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS. When more than one class, size, or thickness is specified in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS for any PAY ITEM, suffixes will be added to the item number to differentiate between the items.

906.02 Determination of Quantities. The following measurements and calculations are to be used to determine contract quantities for payment: Make measurements for seeding, geotextiles, and erosion control blankets along slope lines. For retaining walls, measure by the square meter of front wall face.

Measure structures according to neat lines SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or as altered by the CO in writing to fit field conditions. Make measurements along the centerline and parallel to the specified grade or foundation or as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Deduct lengths for stairways, turnpike, puncheon, retaining walls, wire baskets, switchbacks, bridges, and bridge approaches from the measurement of excavation in Section 912 unless these items are specified as incidental to excavation in Section 912.

For standard manufactured items, such as fence, wire, plates, rolled shapes, and pipe conduits identified by gage, weight, section dimensions, and the like, such identification shall be considered the nominal weights or dimensions. Manufacturer's tolerances will be accepted unless controlled by tolerances in the cited specifications.

906.03 Units of Measurement. Payment will be made by units defined and determined according to standard metric measure and by the following:

(a) Cubic Yard. A measurement computed by one of the following methods:

(1) Excavation, embankment, or borrow. The measurement computed by the averageend- area method from measurements made longitudinally along a centerline or other reference line.

(2) Material in place or stockpiled The measurement computed with the dimensions of the in place material using average-end-area method or prismodial formula.

(3) Material in the Delivery Vehicle. The measurement computed using measurements of material in the hauling vehicles at the point of delivery. Vehicles shall be loaded to at least their water-level capacity.

Leveling of the loads may be required when vehicles arrive at the delivery point.

(b) Each (EA). One complete unit, which may consist of one or more parts.

(c) Lump Sum (LS). The quantities that denote one complete unit of work as required by or described in the contract, including necessary materials, equipment, and labor to complete the job.

906.04 Methods of Measurement. One of the following methods of measurement for determining final payment is DESIGNATED ON THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS for each PAY ITEM:

(a) Designed Quantities. These quantities denote the final number of units to be paid for under the terms of the contract. They are based upon the original design data available prior to advertising the project.

Original design data include the preliminary survey information, design assumptions, calculations, and drawings. Changes in the number of units DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS may be authorized under the following conditions:

(1) As a result of changes in the work approved by the CO.

(2) As a result of the CO determining that errors exist in the original design that cause a PAY ITEM quantity to change by 15 percent or more.

(3) As a result of the contractor submitting to the CO a written request showing evidence of errors in the original design that cause a PAY ITEM quantity to change by 15 percent or more. The evidence must be verifiable and consist of calculations, drawings, or other data that show how the designed quantity is believed to be in error. -

(b) Staked Quantities (SQ). These quantities are determined from staked measurements prior to the construction.

(c) Actual Quantities (AQ). These quantities are determined from measurement of completed work.

(d) Vehicle Quantities. These quantities are measured or weighed in hauling vehicles:

(e) Lump Sum Quantities (LSQ). These quantities denote one complete unit of work as required by or described in the contract, including necessary materials, equipment, and labor to complete the job.

906.05 Government-Furnished Materials. When materials are furnished by the Forest Service, the note

"Government-Furnished Materials" will be added to the description of the PAY ITEM.

Section 907-Quality Assurance and Quantity Measurement

Description

907.01. Work. Work consists of providing certification that the quality and quantity of construction conform to the drawings, specifications, and requirements of the contract.

Construction

907.02 Certification and Measurements

(a) Offsite-Produced Materials. Furnish signed certificates executed by the manufacturer, supplier, or vendor, stipulating that all offsite-produced materials incorporated in the work meet applicable requirements SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or stated in the specifications. Furnish a certificate for each commodity or invoice.

(b) Quantity Measurements. Submit quantities to the CO for periodic progress payments, and the CO will compute payments. Quantities are subject to verification.

907.03 Records. Maintain a set of contract drawings depicting as-built conditions resulting from approved changes. Maintain the drawings in a current condition and indicate changes from the original contract drawings in red. Give the drawings to the CO upon the completion of the contract work.

Measurement

907.04 Method. There will be no separate measurement for this item.

Payment

907.05 Basis. Payment will be considered incidental to other pay items in this contract.

Section 908-Staking, Flagging, and Cleanup

908.01 Work. This work consists of establishing any control points needed in addition to existing staking, and removing and disposing of all construction stakes, tags, flagging, and plastic ribbon from the project area.

Construction

908.02 General. The Government will set initial construction stakes or flagging, and control points, and furnish the contractor with all necessary information relating to lines, slopes, and grades. These stakes and flagging constitute the field control. Furnish and maintain all additional stakes, flagging, templates, batter boards, and other materials and supplies necessary for marking and maintaining points and lines established.

Do not perform work in the absence of control points. If any-construction control points are destroyed, displaced, or erroneous, notify the CO. Uniformly contour alignment and construct grade from control point to control point. Remove all construction stakes, tags, flagging, and plastic ribbon from the project area within 7 days after the final inspection of all other work on the project. Dispose of all stakes, tags, flagging, and plastic ribbon off Government-administered lands unless otherwise designated.

Measurement

908.03 Method. There will be no separate measurement for this item.

Payment

908.04 Basis. Trail staking, flagging and cleanup will be considered incidental to other pay items in this contract, and additional payment will not be made.

Section 911-Clearing and Grubbing

911.01 Work. Work consists of clearing, grubbing, trimming, removing, and treating trees, logs, limbs, branches, brush, plants, and other vegetation within the clearing limits. Work includes the felling and treatment of designated trees outside the clearing limits. Also included are the protection from injury or defacement of trees and other objects not designated for removal and the treatment of damaged trees.

911.02 Clearing Limits. Clear to the dimensions SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or 12" beyond the fill and backslope catch points, whichever is greater.

911.03 Material to Be Cleared. Remove and dispose of trees, logs, limbs, branches, brush, herbaceous plants, and other vegetation within the clearing limits, except for the following:

a) Live, sound, and firmly rooted trees of the size SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

b) Live brush, herbaceous plants, and trees between the trailway and the clearing limits that are less than

12" in height and less than 1/2" in diameter at ground line.

Except as provided above, cut all limbs and branches more than 1/2" in diameter that extend into the clearing limits. Cut limbs flush with the tree trunks or stems or cut at the ground surface as SHOWN ON

THE DRAWINGS.

Fall and limb designated trees.

911.04.Damaged Trees. When felling, cutting, or trimming, do not cause bark damage to standing timber.

If damage does occur to standing trees, treat the injured trees as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Remove and dispose of trees with major roots exposed by construction that are rendered unstable.

911.05 Removal of Stumps. Remove all stumps within the trailbed. Remove stumps located between the edge of the trailbed and the edge of the tramway that cannot be cut flush with the finished slope or that are not tightly rooted.

911.06 Disposal of Clearing Slash, Logs, Stumps, Brush, and Roots. Limb all felled trees to a 4" diameter top, including designated trees outside the clearing limits. Do not place clearing slash, logs, stumps, brush, or roots in concentrated piles. Scatter all logs, limbs, lopped tops, brush, and grubbed stumps and roots below the trailway and outside the clearing limits, with the following exceptions:

(a) Where the sideslope above the trail is less than 10 percent, material may be scattered above the trail.

(b) Logs may be left on the uphill side of the trail if they are placed so that they will not move into the clearing limits. Do not place clearing and grubbing debris in water courses, snow ponds, lakes, meadows, or in locations where it could impede the flows to, through, or from drainage structures.

Measurement

911.07 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906.

Payment

911.08 Basis.

Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY

ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Make payment under:

PAY ITEM

PAY UNIT

911(01)Clearing and Grubbing................................................... mi

911(62)Clearing and Grubbing.................................................. L.F.

911(03)Clearing and Grubbing.................................................. LS

911(04)Clearing .................::................................................ ..... mi

911(05)Clearing .................................................................. . ... L.F.

911(06)Clearing ........................................................................ LS

911(07)Grubbing........................................................................ mi

911(08)Grubbing........................................................................ L.F.

911(09)Grubbing........................................................................ LS

911(10)Individual Removal and Disposal ............................. ... EA

911(11)Individual Removal and Disposal ............................. ...LS

Section 912-Excavation and Embankment

912.01 Work. Work consists of the excavation and placement of excavated material, regardless of its nature, from within the trailway or from other sources, except for material included under other pay items

SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Includes excavation, embankment, and backfill construction required to shape and finish the trailbed, ditches, backslopes, fill slopes, drainage dips, trail passing sections, and turnouts. Also includes excavation and embankment work required to construct shallow stream fords and gully crossings, talus and rubble rock sections, and climbing turns.

Materials

912.02 Requirements. Use materials meeting the requirements of the following sections:

961 - Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate

962 - Material for Timber Structures

964 - Geosynthetics

Construction

912.03 Use and Disposal of Excavated Material. Conserve and use all suitable material for specified work

Conserve excess excavated rock suitable for specified project work and use in place of materials from designated sources. Remove all duff and debris from within trailway limits and uniformly spread outside the clearing limits, not more than 4" in depth (unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS). Do not obstruct drainage or create piles, berms, or windrows of debris.

Place excess and unsuitable excavation beyond the downslope edge of the trailbed. Do not obstruct drainage and spread to a depth not exceeding 4". This includes any material removed in the grubbing operation and deposited in the same area. Place rocks over 4" in greatest dimension not used in construction beyond the hinge point on the downslope side. Place rocks so that the tops are at least 6" lower than the trailbed surface. Ensure that no blockage of drainage or creation of a windrow effect occurs.

912.04 Trailway Excavation and Embankment. Minor deviations of f 12" in vertical alignment and 36" in horizontal alignment with smooth transitions of at least 30' on each side of the deviation are acceptable unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Construct embankments with suitable compacted material. Compact all disturbed soil within the trailbed area. Remove any rock within or above the backslopes that is unstable. Use or dispose of rock in accordance with Subsection 912.03. Leave the finished slope in a uniform and roughened condition. Make necessary adjustments of horizontal or vertical alignment, within the tolerances specified in this subsection, to produce the designed trailway section and balance earthwork. Such adjustments shall not be considered as changes.

912.05 Trailbed Finish. Fill holes with suitable material, compact, and cut high points to provide a uniform trailbed finish.

912.06 Talus or Rubble Rock Sections. Through talus or rubble rock slide areas, fill all voids with suitable material to the depth SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Use cap rocks that weigh a minimum of 130 lbs and have a length of at least twice their width. At least 50 percent of all hand placed outer rocks should weigh a minimum of 1301bs. Construct tread by building out rather than by removing material from the inner bank.

912.07 Ditches. Construct ditches to be free of loose rocks, roots, sticks, and other obstructions.

912.08 Geosynthetics. Where SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS, place geosynthetics flat and parallel to centerline of the trail before placing embankment. Overlap geosynthetics a minimum of 24". Install anchors or fasteners as recommended by the geosynthetic manufacturer.

Measurement

912.09 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906.

Payment

912.10 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Make payment under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

912(01)Excavation .................... ..............................................L.F.

912(02)Excavation ...................................................................mi

912(03)Excavation ...................................................................LS

912(04)Trail Turnout ............................................:..................L.F.

912(05)Trail Turnout ...............................................................EA

912(06)Rolling Dip ..................................................................EA

912(07)Shallow Stream Ford and Gully

Crossing Structure ...............................................:……….......EA

912(08)Shallow Stream Ford and Gully

Crossing Structure ....................................................................LS

912(09)Ditch ............................................................................L.F.

912(10) Borrow...............................::.......................................C.Y.

912(11) Borrow.........................................................................LS

912(12)Grade Dip ....................................................................EA

912(13)Geosynthetics, Type.....................................................S.Y.

912(14)Trail Passing Section....................................................L.F.

912(15)Talus or Rubble Rock Section......................................L.F.

Section 915-Existing Trail Restoration

915.01 Work, Work consists of restoring the original trail template, including clearing, removing slough and berm, borrow, filling ruts and troughs, reshaping backslopes, excavation, reshaping trail tread, restoring drainage and other trail structures, constructing check dams, and removing protruding rocks, roots, stumps, slough, and berets.

Materials

915.02 Requirements. Use materials meeting the requirements of the following sections:

961 - Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate

962 - Material for Timber Structures

915.03 Clearing and Grubbing. Clear and grub in accordance with the requirements of Section 911 and as

SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

915.04 Excavation and Embankment. Excavate and place all excavated material in accordance with the requirements of Section 912 and as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

915.05 Rock and Root Removal. Uniformly scatter the removed rocks and roots below the trailway and distribute to ensure no blockage of watercourses or creation of a windrow. Fill holes with suitable material and compact.

915.06 Slough and Berm Removal and Excess Material. Use suitable slough and beret material within the trailway to restore the trailbed as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Place all unsuitable and excess material beyond the downslope edge of the trailbed and uniformly spread to a depth not exceeding 4" and so as not to obstruct drainage or interfere with the drainage of outsloped tread.

Remove berm when daylight can be obtained within a distance of 5' from the outslope edge of finished tread unless otherwise DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND or SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

915.07 Fill Material and Borrow. Use suitable material to fill ruts, troughs, and potholes in the tread that cannot be leveled and outsloped through performance of work in Subsection 915.06. Compact and shape as

SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

Obtain borrow from areas SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or DESIG-NATED ON THE GROUND.

915.08 Drainage. Restore drainage dips and ditches to reestablish drainage as SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS by removing obstructions such as rocks, roots, and sticks to make ditches and culverts free draining.

Restore rock spillways in accordance with Section 923 and as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

915.09 Stream Channel Cleaning. Clean channel of obstructions in areas SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS. Remove debris and rocks from the stream channel and scatter outside of the side slopes of the stream channel and beyond the clearing limits.

915.10 Check Dams. When constructing check dams for gullies, use dimensional lumber, sound peeled logs, or a row ofstones placed across the gully in the subgrade with the ends securely embedded in the banks as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS and at locations STAKED ON THE GROUND.

Use suitable material for backfill as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Place and compact backfill to meet the density of the existing trailbed and to form a smooth tread.

915.11 Switchbacks. Restore switchbacks in accordance with Section 914 and as SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS.

915.12 Waterbars. Restore waterbars in accordance with Section 922 and as SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS. Reestablish drainage by removing accumulated material and replacing loose or missing rocks, unsuitable logs, and deteriorated rubber belting.

915.13 Turnpikes. Restore turnpikes in accordance with Section 913 and as SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS by replacing missing, rotten, or loose retainer logs and stakes, or missing or loose retainer rocks. Backfill with suitable material.

915.14 Trail Structures. Restore all trail structures at locations SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or

DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND.

915.15 Reshaping and Finishing Trailbed and Backslopes. Provide a firm and uniformly finished trailbed in accordance with cross-sections SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

Provide a uniform and roughened surface on disturbed backslopes in accordance with crosssections

SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Gut all roots flush.

Measurement

915.16 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906.

Payment

915.17 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Make payment under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

915(01) Trail Restoration............................................... L.F.

915(02) Trail Restoration................................................LS

915(03) Check Dams .....................................................EA

915(04)Borrow.............................................................. C.Y.

Section 951-Mobilization

951.01 Work. This work consists of moving personnel, equipment, material and incidentals to the project and performing all work necessary before beginning work at the project site. Mobilization includes the costs associated with obtaining permits, insurance, and bonds. Mobilization is not intended to pay for the costs of materials before they are used on the project site.

Payment

951.02 Basis. Pay for the accepted work at the contract unit price for the PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE

SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Make progress payments for mobilization as follows:

(a) Reimburse for bond premiums before issuing the Notice to Proceed if evidence of payment is received.

(b) When 5 percent or more of the original contract amount is earned from other PAY ITEMS, pay mobilization at the rate of 50 percent, or up to 5 percent of the original contract amount, whichever is less.

(c) When 10 percent or more of the original contract amount is earned from other PAY ITEMS, pay mobilization at the rate of 100 percent, or up to 10 percent of the original contract amount, whichever is less.

(d) Pay any unpaid amount for mobilization upon final acceptance of all work items.

Make payment under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

951(01) Mobilization..............................................:................... LS

Section 954-Obliteration of Abandoned Trailways

954.01 Work. This work consists of obliteration of trailways, construction of drainage structures, and reestablishment of natural drainage patterns and vegetation.

Construction

954.02 General. Obliterate trailways in locations SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or DESIGNATED ON

THE GROUND.

954.03 Trail Closure. Block trailway entrances to traffic by placing rocks, logs, tree branches, and duff across the trailway. Place rocks, logs, branches, and duff to conceal the abandoned trailway and discourage future use. Use rocks and other materials that are available in the areas to be obliterated.

954.04 Drainage Structures. Leave existing water bars on the abandoned trail segments in place unless designated for removal. Construct additional drainage structures in locations SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND.

954.05 Check Dams and Ditches. Construct check dams and ditches in locations SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND.

954.06 Scarify. Scarify the trail to promote the establishment of vegetation at locations SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND. Scarification is defined as breaking up the compacted soil to a depth and maximum clod size as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

954.07 Contour Restoration. Backfill trail sections where SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

On sidehill sections, pull fill material from the lower side of the trail, or the upper cut area, and place fill material in the original cut area to restore a natural-appearing contour and a natural drainage pattern.

954.08 Trench Backfill. Backfill trenched trail sections with compact suitable material until flush with the adjacent ground surface. Obtain backfill material from designated borrow sources.

Measurement

954.09 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906.

Section 955—Seeding and Mulching

955.01 Work. This work consists of preparing seedbeds and furnishing and placing required seed, fertilizer, and mulch material.

Materials

955.02 Seed.

Dates Species of Seed Lbs. seed/acre

April 1 – June 30 Common Bermuda (Hulled) 10

July 1 – August 31 Browntop Millet

Common Bermuda (Hulled)

Endophyte Free Fescue or

Orchard Grass or

September 1 – October 15

Endophyte Free Fescue and

Orchard Grass

Endophyte Free Fescue and

Grain Rye or

October 16 - January 1

Orchard Grass and

Grain Rye

Endophyte Free Fescue and

Grain Rye

Common Bermuda (Unhulled) or

January 2 – March 31

Orchard Grass and

Grain Rye

Common Bermuda (Unhulled)

955.03 Fertilizer. Use 10-10-10 standard commercial-grade fertilizer and provide the minimum percentage of available nutrients. Furnish fertilizer in new, clean, and sealed containers with the name, weight, and guaranteed analysis of contents clearly marked. Fertilizer failing to meet the specified analysis may be used providing sufficient materials are applied to supply the specified nutrients without additional cost to the

Government.

955.04 Mulch. Use commercially produced mulch, hay or straw certified weed free.

Construction

955.06 Seeding Seasons. Do not apply seeding materials during windy weather or when the ground is excessively wet or frozen.

955.07 Soil Preparation. Shape and finish cutslopes, fillslopes, embankments, or other areas to be seeded as required by other applicable sections. Prepare soil as specified in other sections.

955.08 Mulch. Spread mulch immediately after seeding, or after seeding and fertilizing, to a loose depth of

30 to 80 mm at locations specified.

Section 981 – Brush Cutting

Description

981.01 Work. This work consists of removing brush, trees less than 4 inches in diameter, and shrubs within the clearing limits.

Requirements

981.02 General. Remove all limbs of shrubs and trees that extend across or into the clearing limits as

SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Saw or cut limbs flush with the tree trunk. Make cuts in a manner that will not tear or strip bark from the trees.

Cut and remove from the clearing limits all woody plants exceeding 0.5 inches in stem diameter or one (1) foot in height. The maximum size material to be cut under this specification is 4 inches in diameter when measured at a height of 6 inches above the ground on the uphill side of the stump. Cut all brush and small, woody plants as near flush to the ground surface as possible. When impractical to cut plants flush, the maximum stem length shall be 2 inches.

Remove all woody material for a minimum of 3 inches below the trail tread surface. Fill holes in the trail tread caused by removing woody material with suitable material.

Scatter the clearing debris removed from the clearing limits outside and below the clearing limits. Do not place materials in stream channels, drainage ways, ditches, culvert inlets, or other locations where they would prevent the free flow of water away from the trail bed.

Section 982 – Logging Out

Description

982.01 Work. This work consists of removing brush, logs, and down trees from the clearing limits.

Requirements

982.02 Clearing Out. Cut and remove all logs that extend across or into the clearing limits. The portions of cut logs that remain on the upper side of the trail shall be either firmly anchored to prevent sliding or rolling onto the trail way or moved across the trail to the lower side and scattered outside the clearing limits.

Fell all trees over 4 inches in diameter that are leaning into the clearing limits and that are within 10 feet above the trail bed. Stump height of leaning trees that are cut outside the clearing limits shall not exceed one (1) foot as measured on the uphill side of the stump. Disposal and payment for the leaning trees described above will be the same as for down logs and trees.

Remove roots and stumps from trees within the trail way that have been uprooted.

Rerouting the trail around windfalls, uprooted trees, and other obstacles will not be permitted. Ramp or reroute sections of the trail tread that have been damaged by uprooted stumps as necessary to provide safe passage on the trail Payment for such work will be incidental to the specified work item, and no extra payment will be made.

Remove sticks or wood chunks exceeding 2 inches in diameter and 1 foot in length that have fallen on to the trail bed.

Scatter the down trees on the lower side of the trail way outside the clearing limits. Do not place such materials in stream channels, drainage ways, ditches, culvert catch basins, or other locations where they would prevent the free flow of water away from the trail bed.

Section 983 – Danger Tree Removal

983.01 Work. This work consists of felling, bucking, and limbing trees and scattering slash.

Requirements

983.02 Danger Trees. Remove trees and snags that are broken off or that are in a leaning, unstable position over the trail way to designated areas as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Cut designated danger trees so that stump heights do not exceed one (1) foot as measured on the uphill side of the stump. Maximum stump height of designated trees within 5 feet of the trail centerline is 4 inches. Do not leave felled trees parallel with the trail unless there are sufficient barriers to keep them from rolling or sliding onto the trail.

Lop limbs to reduce slash concentration and scatter the clearing debris outside and below the clearing limits. If the trunk, or a portion thereof, falls within the trail way, remove that portion within 5 feet of either side of the trail centerline and scatter a minimum distance of 5 feet beyond and below the trail centerline.

Section 984 – Loose Rock Removal

Description

984.01 Work. This work consists of removal and disposal of loose rock from the trail tread

Requirements

984.02 General. Remove loose rocks that are larger than three (3) inches at their greatest dimension from the trail bed. Remove any loose rock in drainage dips or ditches that may impede water flow off the trail.

Loose rocks are rocks that are not firmly embedded in the trail and can be removed by hand. Where the trail bed consists predominantly of rock with little or no soil present, remove all loose rock larger than 3 inches.

Rill any holes remaining from rock removal with suitable material and compact. If the rock removed is not needed for other items of maintenance work, scatter the rock by side casting to the lower side of trail way beyond the clearing limits, and distribute rock to ensure that no blockage of drainage or creation of a windrow occurs. Do not dispose of waste materials in watercourses.

Section 985 – Rock and Root Removal

Description

985.01 Work. This work consists of removal and disposal of rocks and roots from the tread.

Requirements

985.02 Rock Removal. Remove surface rocks that are larger than 2 inches at their greatest dimension, and rocks that project more than 2 inches above the surface of the trail tread, when removal can be accomplished by hand or when rocks can be pried out with a pick mattock, shovel, pry bar, or similar tool.

Where the trail bed consists predominantly of rock with little or no soil present, remove loose rock in excess of 3 inches.

Shatter any protruding rocks in trail tread that are too large to be pried out with a pick and bar by using either a rock sledge or explosives. Remove the protrusion down to the level of the tread surface. Fill any resulting depressions with suitable material and compact by tamping. If the rock by side casting to the lower side of the trail way and beyond the clearing limits and distribute rock to ensure that no blockage of drainage or creation of windrow occurs. Do not dispose any waste material in watercourses.

985.03 Root Removal. Remove exposed tree roots on or in the trail tread that are greater than 0.5 inches in diameter. Cut embedded roots that project more than 2 inches above the trail tread flush with the trail tread.

Scatter removed roots on the lower side of the trail way beyond the clearing limits and outside of watercourses.

Fill holes caused by rock and root removal with suitable material and compact to form a smooth trail tread.

Maintain trail tread to the width as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or DESIGNATED ON THE

GROUND.

Section 991 – Drainage Maintenance

991.01 Work. This work consists of maintaining drainage structures as specified herein.

Materials

991.02 Requirements. Use materials meeting the requirements of the following sections:

961 -- Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate

962 – Materials for Timber Structures

Requirements

991.03 General. Where trail drainage facilities have been plugged and the water has been diverted from the intended channel, remove the debris causing the diversion and return the drainage to the channel. Divert water off and away from the trail bed. If washing or ponding of water has been or is occurring, dig a shallow ditch sloped 2 percent to 5 percent to the downstream side of the trail and 3 inches minimum deep and one (1) foot minimum wide across the trail at the point where water enters the trail.

Clean ditches to permit the free flow of water into culverts and away from the trail.

Scatter all unusable or unneeded material that is cleared from the drainage structures 3 feet or more beyond and below the trail or drainage facility and out of watercourses.

991.04 Culverts. Remove debris and soil from catch basins and inlet and outlet ditches and inside culverts to permit the unobstructed flow of water into, through, and away from the culvert. Replace any missing or loose rocks or logs in culvert headwalls.

Fit replacement rocks for rock culverts so that they have a firm bearing on adjacent and underlying rocks.

Place rocks snugly and fill voids with small rocks to prevent material from sifting into the drain. Fill and compact with suitable material all disturbed areas in the trail tread over or adjacent to rock culverts.

991.05 Water bars. Clean the upgrade side of all existing water bars and maintain them as SHOWN ON

THE DRAWINGS. Remove material accumulated against rubber belting water bars. Use and compact suitable material removed from the upgrade side of all water bars to bring the trail tread flush with the top of those water bars on the downgrade side. Remove all debris from the leadoff area of all water bars that restricts the free flow of water away from the trail.

Firmly embed replacement rocks for rock water bars into the trail bed and fit the rocks together. Make the tops of the rocks even, with no sharp points. Peel native replacement logs before using them. Anchor stakes tightly in the ground without splits and nail tightly to the log.

991.06 Drainage Dips. Clean deposited material and restore drainage dips as SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS. Remove all debris from the leadoff area of dips that restricts the free flow of water away from the trail. Use suitable material obtained by cleaning dips for fill on the downgrade side, removing rock more than 3 inches at its greatest dimension. Compact all material placed in the trail tread.

991.08 Stream fords and Gully Crossings. Maintain stream fords and gully crossings as SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS. Remove debris and loose rocks over 3 inches from existing stream crossings to provide the tread width. Maintain and replace missing or rotted log or rock barriers that form the dam at fords and gully crossings. Level and smooth the stream bottom with gravel or rock less than 3 inches in greatest dimension to provide a crossing.

Regrade or fill approaches to the stream fords and gully crossings to provide for safe use. Replace missing stepping-stones.