DG_950_TechSpec_Glenn_19_NRCSupdate.pdf

Mill Creek Coalition: Glenn Site 19 revised Dietz & Gourley Contract MCC-Glenn October 8, 2007 Section 950

TOC-1

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Technical Specification Summary:

Technical Specification 1 — Mobilization and Demobilization

1) Scope

2) Procedure

3) Measurement and Payment

Technical Specification 2 — Clearing and Grubbing

1) Scope

2) Procedure

3) Measurement and payment

Technical Specification 3 — Erosion & Sediment Control Plan

1) Scope

2) Materials

3) Procedure

4) Measurement

5) Payment

Technical Specification 4 — Excavation

1) Scope

2) Definitions

3) Procedure

4) Measurement

5) Payment

Technical Specification 6 — Seeding, Sprigging, and Mulching

1) Scope

2) Material

3) Procedure

4) Maintenance

5) Measurement

6) Payment

Technical Specification 23 — Earthfill

1) Scope

2) Material

3) Procedure

4) Measurement

5) Payment

Technical Specification 31 — Concrete for Major Structures

1) Scope

2) Material

3) Procedure

4) Measurement

5) Payment

Technical Specification 45 — Plastic Pipe

1) Scope

2) Material

3) Procedure

4) Measurement

5) Payment

Technical Specification 61 — Rock Riprap

1) Scope

2) Material

3) Procedure

4) Measurement

5) Payment

Technical Specification 95 — Geotextile

1) Scope

2) Material

3) Procedure

4) Measurement

5) Payment

Technical Specification 97 — HDPE and LLDPE Liner

1) Scope

2) Material

3) Procedure

4) Measurement

5) Payment

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Material Specification 537 — Nonmetallic Waterstops

1) Scope

2) Classification

3) Physical requirements

4) Test methods

5) Condition

6) Packaging and storing

Material Specification 547 — Plastic Pipe

1) Scope

2) Material

3) Perforations

Material Specification 581 — Metal

1) Scope

2) Materials

Material Specification 594 — HDPE and LLDPE Flexible Membrane Liner

1) Scope

2) Material

Construction Specification 1000 — Access Road

1) Scope

2) Material

3) Procedure:

4) Measurement

5) Method of Payment

Technical Specification 1002 — High Quality Limestone

1) Scope

2) Material

3) Construction

4) Measurement

5) Payment

Technical Specification 1007 — Monitoring Weir

1) Scope

2) Material

3) Construction

4) Measurement

5) Payment

Technical Specification 1008— Aggregate

1) Scope

2) Material

3) Construction

4) Measurement

5) Payment

Technical Specification 1009 — Gate

1) Scope

2) Material

3) Construction

4) Measurement

5) Payment

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Technical Specification 1 — Mobilization and Demobilization

1) Scope

a) The work consists of the mobilization and demobilization of the contractor's forces and equipment necessary for performing the work required under the contract. It does not include mobilization and demobilization for specific items of work for which payment is provided elsewhere in the contract. Mobilization will not be considered as work in fulfilling the contract requirements for commencement of work.

2) Procedure

a) Mobilization shall include all activities and associated costs for transportation of contractor's personnel, equipment, and operating supplies to the site; establishment of offices, buildings, and other necessary general facilities for the contractor's operations at the site; premiums paid for performance and payment bonds including coinsurance and reinsurance agreements as applicable; and other items such as, but not limited to, permits needed to properly construct project improvements.

b) Demobilization shall include all activities and costs for transportation of personnel, equipment, and supplies not required or included in the contract from the site; including the disassembly, removal, and site cleanup of offices, buildings, and other facilities assembled on the site specifically for this contract.

c) This work includes mobilization and demobilization required by the contract at the time of award. If additional mobilization and demobilization activities and costs are required during the performance of the contract as a result of changed, deleted, or added items of work for which the contractor is entitled to an adjustment in contract price, compensation for such costs will be included in the price adjustment for the item or items of work changed or added.

d) No additional compensation will be made to the Contractor for remobilization after his equipment has been removed from the site.

e) At project completion, this item shall include restoration of any and all required staging areas and access roads, demobilization, and general site cleanup of all areas affected by project activities.

3) Measurement and Payment

a) Payment will be made at the established contract lump sum price bid for “Mobilization and Demobilization.” Forty percent (40%) of this bid item will be paid following completion of moving onto the site including complete assembly in working order of all equipment necessary to perform the required work and the satisfactory storage at the site of all such materials and supplies. Prior to the commencement of work, the Contractor’s plant and equipment will be inspected and shall be subject to the Engineer’s approval.

The remaining sixty percent (60%) of this bid item will be paid when all equipment has been removed and satisfactory cleanup operations have been performed following the satisfactory completion of the contract.

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Technical Specification 2 — Clearing and Grubbing

1) Scope

a) The work consists of clearing and grubbing and disposal of trees, snags, logs, brush, stumps, shrubs, and rubbish from the designated areas.

b) This item consists of clearing and grubbing the project site, staging areas, and the required access for all equipment and materials to the project site.

c) Limits for clearing and grubbing shall be marked in the field by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer before commencing work.

2) Procedure

a) Protection of existing vegetation

i) Trees and other vegetation designated to remain undisturbed shall be protected from damage throughout the duration of the construction period. Any damages resulting from the contractor's operations or neglect shall be repaired by the contractor.

ii) Earthfill, stockpiling of materials, vehicular parking, and excessive foot or vehicular traffic shall not be allowed within the drip line of vegetation designated to remain in place. Vegetation damaged by any of these or similar actions shall be replaced with viable vegetation of the same species, similar condition, and like size unless otherwise approved by the contracting officer.

iii) Any cuts, skins, scrapes, or bruises to the bark of the vegetation shall be carefully trimmed and local nursery accepted procedures used to seal damaged bark.

iv) Any limbs or branches 0.5 inch or larger in diameter that are broken, severed, or otherwise seriously damaged during construction shall be cut off at the base of the damaged limb or branch flush with the adjacent limb or tree trunk. All roots 1-inch or larger in diameter that are cut, broken, or otherwise severed during construction operations shall have the end smoothly cut perpendicular to the root. Roots exposed during excavation or other operations shall be covered with moist earth or backfilled as soon as possible to prevent the roots from drying out.

b) Marking

i) The limits of the area(s) to be cleared and grubbed will be marked by stakes, flags, tree markings, or other suitable methods. Trees to be left standing and uninjured will be designated by special markings placed on the trunk about 6 feet above the ground surface.

ii) The owner’s representative shall exercise control over clearing and shall designate all trees, plants, shrubs, abandoned material, trash, etc., to be removed or to remain.

This work shall also include the preservation from injury or defacement of all trees designated to remain.

iii) Clearing and grubbing shall be completed prior to beginning earthwork operations.

The Contractor shall confine his operations strictly to those areas within the project Work Limits shown on the Plans. If the Contractor clears and grubs beyond the designated areas, whether knowingly or accidentally, the Contractor shall replant and otherwise restore all areas outside the limit of work to a condition equal to that existing prior to start of work at his own expense.

c) Clearing and grubbing

i) All trees not marked for preservation and all snags, logs, brush, stumps, shrubs, rubbish, and similar materials shall be cleared from within the limits of the designated areas. Unless otherwise specified, all stumps, roots, and root clusters that have a diameter of 1 inch or larger shall be grubbed out to a depth of at least 2 feet below subgrade for concrete structures and 1 foot below the ground surface at embankment sites and other designated areas.

ii) All holes remaining after the grubbing operation shall have the sides broken down to flatten out the slopes, and shall be filled with suitable materials, moistened, and properly compacted.

d) Disposal

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i) All materials cleared and grubbed from the designated areas shall be disposed of at locations shown on the drawings or as directed by the Owner. The contractor is responsible for complying with all local rules and regulations and the payment of any and all fees that may result from disposal at locations away from the project site.

ii) The Contractor shall construct brush piles as directed by the Owner along the project perimeter when trees and/or woody vegetation are to be removed. Trees shall be cut and stacked along the project perimeter approximately fifteen feet from existing hardwood stands. The brush pile(s) should not exceed ten feet in height or width and can be any length. Tree stumps shall not be used in brush pile.

iii) All trees, stumps, roots, buried logs and brush not included in brush piles shall be removed or burned, as designated by the Owner and local regulations. No debris shall be buried on project site without prior approval from the Owner. The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining any required burning permits.

iv) Grass may be incorporated into the resoiling material.

3) Measurement and payment

a) Payment for clearing and grubbing is made at the contract unit price for “Clearing and

Grubbing.” Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, materials, equipment, and all other items necessary and incidental to the performance of the work

b) Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule will be included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary.

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Technical Specification 3 — Erosion & Sediment Control Plan

1) Scope

c) Work covered by this specification consists of furnishing all labor, equipment, and materials necessary for implementation of Erosion and Sediment Control measures as described below and specified on the Drawings. The work in this section shall be conducted in complete compliance with the requirements of attached narrative, the Drawings, and rules and regulations of the Department of Environmental Protection and the County Conservation District.

d) The narratives, Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan and Post-Construction Stormwater Management Plan, have been included with these documents. They are incorporated by reference and shall be the governing document for the implementation of all Erosion and Sedimentation facilities shown on the Drawings. In the event the requirements set forth in the E & S Control Plan are deviated from, including modifications, additions and deletions, any subsequent revisions will require the approval of the Owner.

e) Control measures specified herein and indicated on the Drawings and narrative are the minimum considered necessary to achieve acceptable erosion and sediment management. Additional controls may be required at problem areas that develop during construction.

f) To maximize the effectiveness of the plan, the Contractor shall arrange an onsite review with personnel of the County Conservation District to determine how to best implement the plan. In addition to the information herein and on the Drawings and narrative, construction and installation details for erosion and sedimentation control measures are contained in the “Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual” by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection.

g) Fines and related costs resulting from the Contract’s failure to provide adequate protection against soil erosion shall be borne by the Contractor.

2) Materials

a) The Contractor shall furnish all of the material specified. Unless stated otherwise in the following paragraphs, all sampling and testing of these materials will be at the direction of the Engineer and at the Contractor’s expense. All material shall be furnished by suppliers who are approved by the Owner.

i) Earth Fill – Onsite soil or soil-rock mixed materials free of topsoil, plant life, lumber, metal, refuse and rock or similar hard objects larger than six inches in greatest dimension.

ii) Clean Earth Fill – Onsite materials free of topsoil, plant life, lumber, metal, refuse and rock or similar hard objects larger than one inch in greatest dimension.

iii) Aggregates

(1) Coarse Aggregate shall conform to AASHTO No. 1, PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 703.2.

(2) Aggregate shall conform to AASHTO No. 57, PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 703.2.

iv) Geotextile – Geotextile shall meet the requirements of PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 735.

(1) Class 2 – Geotextile fabric used as a filter medium for rock-lined ditching, ditching outlets, aprons and spreaders, sedimentation emergency spillways, etc.

(2) Class 3 – Geotextile fabric used for filter fabric fence, rock filters, rock embankment spillways, and other sediment control devices.

(3) Class 4– Geotextile fabric used as a fabric underlayment for rock construction entrances

v) Stakes – Sound, rough-sawn Cedar or hardwood measuring one inch by two inches, length as required with tapered point.

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vi) Posts – Sound, rough-sawn Cedar or hardwood measuring two inches by two inches, length as required with tapered point.

vii) Reinforcement Bars – Conforming to ASTM A 615 (S1), Grade 60, Deformed.

viii) Wire – Conforming to ASTM A 82.

ix) Staples – For anchoring soil stabilizing materials provide staples of No. 11 gauge wire or heavier. Their length shall range form six to ten inches, with the longer staples used on loose, unstable soils.

x) Filter Fabric – Meeting the requirements of “Geonet” Technical Specification.

xi) Wire Reinforcement for Silt Fences – A maximum of 42 inches in height, a minimum of No. 14 gauge and having a maximum mesh spacing of six inches.

xii) Riprap – Field stone or rough unhewn quarry stone of approximately rectangular shapes. Provide stones of such quality that will not disintegrate on exposure to water or weathering and meeting the requirements for R-3, R-4, etc. as specified in PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 850.

3) Procedure

a) General Requirements – Remove material not replaced in the excavations and dispose of promptly an in a manner that minimizes erosion. Protect stockpiles with such measures as indicated in Section b, “Stockpiled Material Areas,” and on the Drawings. Where the material is spread, provide stabilization as indicated in Section c, “Excess Material and Spoil Areas.”

b) Stockpiled Material Areas

i) Topsoil temporary excavated are to be placed in the approved topsoil stockpile areas identified on the Drawings.

ii) Adequately protect materials against erosion when deposited in such spoil area.

Protection may be in the following manner:

(1) Provide temporary vegetative cover (see “Seeding” Technical Specification), by seeding and mulching the area immediately upon placement of stored materials.

(2) Protect the down slope sides of stockpiled materials with a haybale or silt fence barrier as indicated on the Drawings.

c) Excess Material and Spoil Areas

i) When excess excavated materials are not incorporated into the site then dispose of such in the approved disposal area identified on the Drawings. Grade excess excavated material areas to a slope of three percent or less.

ii) Adequately protect materials against erosion when deposited in such spoil area by seeding and mulching the area according to the “Seeding” Technical Specification immediately upon completion of grading.

iii) Protect the down slope sides of the spoil area with a haybale or silt fence barrier until vegetative cover has become established.

d) Sediment Removal Pond – See PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 859.

i) Pond area shall be cleared, grubbed and stripped of vegetation and root mat.

ii) Use Rock Filter for the discharge embankment.

iii) Side embankments may be created by excavation or by construction of rock embankments as shown on the Drawings.

iv) Sediment shall be removed and the pond restored to its original dimensions when the sediment has accumulated to 35 percent of the design depth of the pond. Removed sediment shall be deposited in a suitable area and in such a manner that it will not erode.

v) The structure shall be inspected after each rain and repairs made as needed.

vi) Construction operations shall be carried out in such a manner that erosion and water pollution is minimized.

vii) The structure shall be removed when no longer required.

e) Stone Outlet Sediment Trap

i) Area under embankment shall be cleared, grubbed and stripped of vegetative cover.

ii) Use Earth Fill for the embankment. The embankment shall be compacted by traversing with equipment used for the construction while it is being constructed.

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iii) Sediment shall be removed and trap restored to its original dimensions when the sediment has accumulated to 35 percent of the design depth of the trap. Removed sediment shall be deposited in suitable area and in such a manner that it will not erode.

iv) The structure shall be inspected after each rain and repairs made as needed.

v) Construction operations shall be carried out in such a manner that erosion and water pollution is minimized.

vi) The structure shall be removed and the area stabilized when the drainage area has been properly stabilized.

vii) Cut and fill slopes shall be 2:1 or flatter.

f) Stabilized Construction Entrance – use at points of construction ingress and egress and construct as indicated on the Drawings.

i) Washing – When necessary, clean vehicle wheels to remove sediment prior to entrance onto public right-of-way. When washing is required, use an area stabilized with crushed stone which drains into an approved sediment trap or sediment basin.

Prevent sediment from entering storm drains, ditches, or watercourse through the use of sand bags, gravel, boards or additional approved methods.

ii) Install geotextile material in accordance with the requirements of PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 212.

iii) Maintenance – Maintain the entrance in a condition which will prevent tracking or flowing of sediment onto public rights-of-way. This will require periodic top dressing with additional stone as conditions demand and repair and/or cleanout of any measures used to trap sediment. Sediment spilled, dropped, washed or tracked onto public rights-of-way must be removed immediately.

g) Temporary Sediment Barrier

i) Silt Fence – Constructed of standard strength or extra strength synthetic filter fabrics and designed for situation in which only sheet or overland flows are expected. See PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 865.

(1) Height shall not exceed 30 inches (higher fences may impound volumes of water sufficient to cause failure of the structure).

(2) Provide filter fabric in a continuous roll cut to the length of barrier to avoid the use of joints. When joints are necessary, splice filter cloth together only at a support stake, with a minimum six inch overlap, and securely seal.

(3) Space stakes a maximum of eight feet apart in the barrier and drive securely into the ground a minimum of 12 inches. When extra strength fabric is used with out the wire support fence, stake spacing shall not exceed five feet.

(4) Staple standard strength filter fabric to the wooden stakes and extend twelve inches of the fabric into a 6x6 inch trench and backfill over the fabric. The fabric shall not extend more than 30 inches above the original ground surface. Filter fabric shall not be stapled to existing trees.

(5) When standard strength filter fabric is used, provide a wire mesh support fence fastened securely to the upslope side of the stakes and the down slope side of the filter fabric using heavy duty wire staples at least one inch long, tie wires, or hog rings. The wire shall extend into the trench a minimum of six inches and shall not extend more than 30 inches above the original ground surface.

(6) When extra strength filter fabric and closer stake spacing are used, the wire mesh support fence may be eliminated. In such a case, the filter fabric is stapled or wired directly to the stakes.

(7) The ends of each fabric fence shall be turned up-slope and “tied-in” at an elevation that exceeds the top of fence (lowest) elevation.

(8) Remove silt fences when no longer necessary, but not before the upslope area has been permanently stabilized.

h) Rock Filter – Construct rock filter according to the following:

i) Place rock (size/type as per Drawings) in the rock filter to produce an even distribution of rock pieces, with minimum voilds. Place the geotextile in accordance with PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 212.

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ii) Maintenance – Remove filter when clogged with sediments. Filter materials shall be washed completely free of sediment, or new rock used to rebuild the filter.

i) Geotextile – Geotextile shall meet the requirements of PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 735.

i) Class 2 – When an aggregate filter material is not used, geotextile shall be installed longitudinally along the direction of flow. Whenever more than one section of fabric is required, the fabric must be overlapped a minimum of 1 foot. The fabric shall be anchored in a satisfactory manner to prevent displacement. Do not drop rocks 2 feet or larger in dimension, directly on the fabric from a height greater than 1 foot. Do not allow the rock placement procedure to puncture or damage the fabric. A minimum 6-inch layer of bedding stone and a greater drop height combination may be used if the combination produces the placement, thickness, gradation and fabric integrity requirements, and if approved by the Owner.

ii) Class 3 – Installed as shown on the applicable detail sheets and in the technical specifications.

iii) Class 4 – Installed as shown on the applicable detail sheets, and to the requirements of Section 212.

j) Ditching

i) Permanent – The construction, location and payment of permanent ditching and the installation and payment of any required erosion protection shall be in accordance with the applicable Drawings, details and technical specifications.

ii) Temporary – Shall be constructed at the locations and as per the details shown on the applicable Drawings. The extent and location of the ditching may vary from what is shown on the Drawings, depending on field conditions. All material excavated shall be defined as unclassified excavation; that is, ditch excavation shall include excavation of all material encountered. All excavated material from the ditching shall be placed, either on the low side of the ditching, or incorporated into the fill areas, whichever is applicable.

k) Diversions – See PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 864.

i) Divert water from work areas and to collect water from work areas for treatment and safe disposition. They are temporary and shall be removed and the area restored to its near original condition when the diversions are no longer required or when permanent measures are installed.

l) Seeding and Mulching

i) Temporary Vegetative Cover

(1) Sow grass at the rate of 20 to 40 pounds per acre (one pound per 1000 sq. ft) by broadcasting, drilling, or hydraulic application. Use approved mulch to prevent loss

(2) Seed with PENNDOT Seeding Formula E. See PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 804.

(3) Mulching—Mulching to provide temporary protection of the soil surface from erosion. See PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 805.

ii) Permanent Vegetative Cover – See “Seeding” Technical Specifcation

m) Maintenance

i) Check all erosion and sediment control measures weekly and after each significant rainfall. Complete the “E&S Checklist” found in the narrative and file at the project field office. Completed “E&S Checklists” must be made available to the Engineer and regulatory personnel upon demand.

ii) Excavate, spread and dry sediment for use in onsite grading. Sediment removed from erosion and sedimentation control devices shall not be used for structural fill applications.

iii) Remove unsuitable material from the site for proper disposal.

iv) Clean sediment traps when sediment accumulates to 35 percent of the design depth of the trap.

v) Check seeded areas regularly to see that a good vegetation stand is maintained.

Fertilize and reseed areas as needed.

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vi) Frequently check and closely monitor mulched areas with respect to their effectiveness in controlling erosive storm runoff velocities and sediment transport.

Remulch areas as often as necessary until adequate ground cover is established.

vii) Temporary Sediment Barrier

(1) Inspect silt fences and filter barriers immediately after each rainfall and at least daily during prolonged rainfall. Make required repairs immediately.

(2) Should the fabric decompose or become ineffective prior to the end of the expected usable life, replace the fabric promptly.

(3) Remove sediment deposits after each storm event and when deposits reach approximately one-half the height of the barrier.

(4) Grade sediment deposits remaining in place after the silt fence or filter barrier is no longer required, to conform to the existing grade and seed as required.

(5) Regrade and seed temporary controls and channels after they are no longer needed in accordance with applicable technical standards.

n) Chemical pollution

i) The contractor shall provide watertight tanks or barrels or construct a sump sealed with plastic sheets to dispose of chemical pollutants, such as drained lubricating or transmission fluids, grease, soaps, concrete mixer washwater, or asphalt, produced as a by-product of the construction activities. At the completion of the construction work, sumps shall be removed and the area restored to its original condition. Sump removal shall be conducted without causing pollution.

ii) Sanitary facilities, such as chemical toilets, or septic tanks shall not be located next to live streams, wells, or springs. They shall be located at a distance sufficient to prevent contamination of any water source. At the completion of construction activities, facilities shall be disposed of without causing pollution.

o) Air pollution

i) The burning of brush or slash and the disposal of other materials shall adhere to state and local regulations.

ii) Fire prevention measures shall be taken to prevent the start or spreading of wildfires that may result from project activities. Firebreaks or guards shall be constructed and maintained at locations shown on the drawings.

iii) All public access or haul roads used by the contractor during construction of the project shall be sprinkled or otherwise treated to fully suppress dust. All dust control methods shall ensure safe construction operations at all times. If chemical dust suppressants are applied, the material shall be a commercially available product specifically designed for dust suppression and the application shall follow manufacturer's requirements and recommendations. A copy of the product data sheet and manufacturer's recommended application procedures shall be provided to the engineer 5 working days before the first application.

4) Measurement

a) Erosion and sedimentation control will be considered and measured as “Lump Sum.”

5) Payment

a) Erosion and sedimentation control will be paid for at the contract lump sum price bid for

“Erosion and Sedimentation Control.” Payment of the lump sum contract price will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

b) Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary.

c) Payment for items listed separately in the bid schedule shall be made at the contract prices for those items.

i) None

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Technical Specification 4 — Excavation

1) Scope

a) The work shall consist of the excavation required by the drawings and specifications and disposal of the excavated materials.

b) The Contractor shall make personal examination of the locations of excavations to determine the extent and character of any rock that may be encountered. The Contractor shall not at any time claim a misunderstanding in regard to the nature of the excavation to be made or the materials to be encountered. All excavation shall be unclassified and no extra payment will be made for hand excavation or for rock, boulders, shale, timbers, logs, old foundations, masonry, paving, or other natural or artificial materials encountered in the excavation operations.

c) The Contractor may perform at his own cost a subsurface investigation of the site to determine subsurface characteristics.

i) Any site investigation must be approved by the Engineer prior to the start of work.

ii) The Contractor shall restore the site to pre-site investigation conditions after the completion of work. The restoration must be approved by the Engineer.

2) Definitions

a) Common excavation - The excavation of all materials that can be excavated, transported, and unloaded using heavy ripping equipment and wheel tractor-scrapers with pusher tractors or that can be excavated and dumped into place or loaded onto hauling equipment by excavators having a rated capacity of one cubic yard or larger and equipped with attachments (shovel, bucket, backhoe, dragline, or clam shell) appropriate to the material type, character, and nature of the materials.

b) Rock excavation- The excavation of all hard, compacted, or cemented materials that require blasting or the use of ripping and excavating equipment larger than defined for common excavation. The excavation and removal of isolated boulders or rock fragments larger than 1 cubic yard encountered in materials otherwise conforming to the definition of common excavation shall be classified as rock excavation. The presence of isolated boulders or rock fragments larger than 1 cubic yard is not in itself sufficient cause to change the classification of the surrounding material. For the purpose of these classifications, the following definitions shall apply:

i) Heavy ripping equipment is a rear-mounted, heavy duty, single-tooth, ripping attachment mounted on a track type tractor having a power rating of at least 250 flywheel horsepower.

ii) Wheel tractor-scraper is a self-loading (not elevating) and unloading scraper having a struck bowl capacity of at least 12 cubic yards.

iii) Pusher tractor is a track type tractor having a power rating of at least 250 flywheel horsepower equipped with appropriate attachments.

c) Unclassified excavation - The excavation of all materials encountered, including rock materials, regardless of their nature or the manner in which they are removed.

3) Procedure

a) Blasting

i) The transportation, handling, storage, and use of dynamite and other explosives shall be directed and supervised by a person(s) of proven experience and ability who is authorized and qualified to conduct blasting operations.

ii) Blasting shall be done in a manner as to prevent damage to the work or unnecessary fracturing of the underlying rock materials. The contractor shall furnish the engineer and Owner, in writing, a blasting plan before blasting operations begin.

b) Use of excavated material – To the extent they are needed, all suitable material from the specified excavations shall be used in the construction of required permanent earthfill or

4-2 rockfill. The suitability of material for specific purposes is determined by the engineer.

The contractor shall not waste or otherwise dispose of suitable excavated material.

c) Disposal of waste materials - All surplus or unsuitable excavated materials are designated as waste and shall be disposed of at the locations shown on the drawings or shall be disposed of by the contractor at sites of his own choosing away from the site of the work. The disposal shall be in an environmentally acceptable manner that does not violate local rules and regulations.

d) Excavation limits

i) Excavations shall comply with OSHA Construction Industry Standards (29CFR Part

1926) Subpart P, Excavations, Trenching, and Shoring (as amended). All excavations shall be completed and maintained in a safe and stable condition throughout the total construction phase. Structure and trench excavations shall be completed to the specified elevations and to the length and width required to safely install, adjust, and remove any forms, bracing, or supports necessary for the installation of the work. Excavations outside the lines and limits shown on the drawings or specified herein required to meet safety requirements shall be the responsibility of the contractor in constructing and maintaining a safe and stable excavation.

e) Borrow excavation

i) When the quantities of suitable material obtained from specified excavations are insufficient to construct the specified earthfills and earth backfills, additional material shall be obtained from the designated borrow areas. The extent and depth of borrow pits within the limits of the designated borrow areas shall be as approved by the Owner.

ii) Borrow pits shall be excavated and finally dressed to blend with the existing topography and sloped to prevent ponding and to provide drainage.

f) Overexcavation

i) Excavation in rock beyond the specified lines and grades shall be corrected by filling the resulting voids with portland cement concrete made of materials and mix proportions approved by the engineer. Concrete that will be exposed to the atmosphere when construction is completed shall meet the requirements of concrete selected for use under “Technical Specification – Concrete”.

ii) Concrete that will be permanently covered shall contain not less than five bags of cement per cubic yard. The concrete shall be placed and cured as specified by the engineer.

iii) Excavation in earth beyond the specified lines and grades shall be corrected by filling the resulting voids with approved, compacted earthfill. The exception to this is that if the earth is to become the subgrade for riprap, rockfill, sand or gravel bedding, or drainfill, the voids may be filled with material conforming to the specifications for the riprap, rockfill, bedding, or drainfill. Before correcting an overexcavation condition, the contractor shall review the planned corrective action with the engineer and obtain approval of the corrective measures.

4) Measurement

a) For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, the volume of each type and class of excavation within the specified pay limits is measured and computed to the nearest cubic yard by the method of average cross-sectional end areas.

Regardless of quantities excavated, the measurement for payment is made to the specified pay limits except that excavation outside the specified lines and grades directed by the engineer to remove unsuitable material is included. Excavation required because unsuitable conditions result from the contractor's improper construction operations, as determined by the engineer, is not included for measurement and payment.

b) The pay limits shall be defined as follows:

i) The upper limit shall be the original ground surface as it existed before the start of construction operations except that where excavation is performed within areas

4-3 designated for previous excavation or earthfill, the upper limit shall be the modified ground surface resulting from the specified previous excavation or earthfill.

ii) The lower limit shall be at the bottom surface of the proposed structure.

iii) The lateral limits shall be 18 inches outside of the outside surface of the proposed structure or shall be vertical planes 18 inches outside of and parallel to the footings, whichever gives the larger pay quantity, except as provided for trapezoidal channel linings or similar structures detailed below.

iv) For trapezoidal channel linings or similar structures that are to be supported upon the sides of the excavation without intervening forms, the lateral limits shall be at the underside of the proposed lining or structure.

v) For the purposes of the definitions in (ii), (iii), and (iv), above, any specified bedding or drainfill directly beneath or beside the structure will be considered to be a part of the structure.

5) Payment

a) Payment for excavation is made at the contract unit price for “Unclassified Excavation.”

Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, materials, equipment, and all other items necessary and incidental to the performance of the work except that extra payment for backfilling overexcavation will be made in accordance with the following provisions.

i) Payment for backfilling overexcavation is made only if the excavation outside specified lines and grades is directed by the engineer to remove unsuitable material and if the unsuitable condition is not a result of the contractor's improper construction operations as determined by the engineer.

b) Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary.

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Technical Specification 6 — Seeding, Sprigging, and Mulching

1) Scope

a) The work consists of preparing the area for treatment; furnishing and placing seed, sprigs, mulch, fertilizer, inoculant, lime, and other soil amendments; and anchoring mulch in designated areas as specified.

b) All seeding, sprigging, and mulching shall conform to PENNDOT Publication 408, unless otherwise noted.

2) Material

a) Seed—All seed shall conform to the current rules and regulations of the state where it is being used and shall be from the latest crop available. It shall meet or exceed the standard for purity and germination specified by PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 804.

i) Materials – PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 804.2

ii) Construction – PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 804.3

b) Mulching—Mulching to provide temporary protection of the soil surface from erosion.

i) Materials – PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 805.2

ii) Construction – PENNDOT Publication 408, Section 805.3

c) Mulch tackifiers—Asphalt emulsion tackifiers shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D 977, Specification for Emulsified Asphalt. The emulsified asphalt may be rapid setting, medium setting, or slow setting. Nonasphaltic tackifiers may be required because of environmental considerations. Owner shall approve any mulch tackifier prior to use.

d) Other mulch materials—Mulching materials, such as wood cellulose fiber mulch, mulch tackifiers, synthetic fiber mulch, netting, and mesh, are other mulching materials that may be required for specialized locations and conditions. These materials, when specified, must be accompanied by the manufacturer's recommendations for methods of application.

3) Procedure

a) Areas to be treated shall be dressed to a smooth, firm surface. On sites where equipment can operate on slopes safely, the seedbed shall be adequately loosened (4 to 6 inches deep) and smoothed. Depending on soil and moisture conditions, disking or cultipacking, or both, may be necessary to properly prepare a seedbed. Where equipment cannot operate safely, the seedbed shall be prepared by hand methods by scarifying to provide a roughened soil surface so that broadcast seed will remain in place.

b) If seeding is to be accomplished immediately following construction operations, seedbed preparation may not be required except on a compacted, polished, or freshly cut soil surface.

c) Rocks larger than 6 inches in diameter, trash, weeds, and other debris that will interfere with seeding or maintenance operations shall be removed and disposed of properly.

d) Seedbed preparation shall be discontinued when soil moisture conditions are not suitable for the preparation of a satisfactory seedbed as determined by the Owner.

4) Maintenance

a) The Contractor shall maintain the areas completed in accordance with the requirements of this specification and the erosion and sedimentation control plan narrative and post construction stormwater management narrative until all work under this contract has been completed and accepted by the Engineer.

b) The maintenance shall consist of refilling rain-washed gullies, with the same or better type of soils that were eroded, reseeding, reapplying soil supplements and mulch, as directed by the Engineer.

c) Within the one (1) year remedy guarantee period, the Contractor shall reseed in accordance with these specifications any areas where satisfactory growth has not been obtained, in the opinion of the Engineer.

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5) Measurement

a) For items of work for which unit prices are established in the contract, payment is made as the work proceeds as determined by the Owner.

b) The Contractor shall provide proof of all seed, mulch, fertilizer, and other soil supplements utilized at the project site.

i) Acceptable measures of proof:

(1) Payment receipts

(2) Delivery tickets

(3) Packaging material

6) Payment

a) Payment for seeding, sprigging, and mulching is made at the contract unit price for

“Seeding/Restoration” which price shall include all costs involved in providing the materials, equipment, and labor necessary to complete the work described. Payment will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

b) Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary.

c) Payment for items listed separately in the bid schedule shall be made at the contract prices for those items.

23-1

Technical Specification 23 — Earthfill

1) Scope

a) The work consists of the construction of earth embankments, other earthfills, and earth backfills required by the drawings and specifications.

i) Earthfill is composed of natural earth materials that can be placed and compacted by construction equipment operated in a conventional manner.

b) Earth backfill is composed of natural earth material placed and compacted in confined spaces or adjacent to structures (including pipes) by hand tamping, manually directed power tampers or vibrating plates, or their equivalent.

c) Contractor shall perform a Modified Standard Proctor Test to determine the maximum density and optimum moisture content of a representative sample earthfill material.

i) A Modified Standard Proctor Test shall be performed for each fill material, onsite and all borrow areas, used for the completion of the project

2) Material

a) All fill material shall be obtained from required excavations and designated borrow areas.

The selection, blending, routing, and disposition of material in the various fills shall be subject to approval by the engineer.

b) If additional fill material is required, it may be obtained from sources outside the project work area provided the material meets the requirements presented in these specifications.

c) Fill materials shall contain no frozen soil, sod, brush, roots, or other perishable material.

Rock particles larger than the maximum size specified for each type of fill shall be removed prior to compaction of the fill.

d) Onsite material shall be used in the various fills.

3) Procedure

a) Foundation preparation

i) Foundations for earthfill shall be stripped to remove vegetation and other unsuitable material or shall be excavated as specified.

ii) Except as otherwise specified, earth foundation surfaces shall be graded to remove surface irregularities and shall be scarified parallel to the axis of the fill or otherwise acceptably scored and loosened to a minimum depth of 2 inches. The moisture content of the loosened material shall be controlled as specified for the earthfill, and the surface material of the foundation shall be compacted and bonded with the first layer of earthfill as specified for subsequent layers of earthfill.

iii) Earth abutment surfaces shall be free of loose, uncompacted earth in excess of 2 inches in depth normal to the slope and shall be at such a moisture content that the earthfill can be compacted against them to produce a good bond between the fill and the abutments.

iv) Rock foundation and abutment surfaces shall be cleared of all loose material by hand or other effective means and shall be free of standing water when fill is placed upon them. Occasional rock outcrops in earth foundations for earthfill, except in dams and other structures designed to restrain the movement of water, shall not require special treatment if they do not interfere with compaction of the foundation and initial layers of the fill or the bond between the foundation and the fill.

v) Foundation and abutment surfaces shall be no steeper than one horizontal to one vertical unless otherwise specified. Test pits or other cavities shall be filled with compacted earthfill conforming to the specifications for the earthfill to be placed upon the foundation.

b) Placement

i) Earthfill shall not be placed until the required excavation and foundation preparation have been completed and the foundation has been inspected and approved by the

23-2 engineer. Earthfill shall not be placed upon a frozen surface nor shall snow, ice, or frozen material be incorporated in the earthfill matrix.

ii) Earthfill shall be placed in approximately horizontal layers. The thickness of each layer before compaction shall not exceed the maximum thickness of twelve inches (12”) or as shown on the drawings. The maximum lift thickness for hand-directed equipment shall not exceed four inches (4”). Materials placed by dumping in piles or windrows shall be spread uniformly to not more than the specified thickness before being compacted.

iii) Hand compacted earth backfill shall be placed in layers whose thickness before compaction does not exceed the maximum thickness specified for layers of earth backfill compacted by manually directed power tampers.

iv) Earth backfill shall be placed in a manner that prevents damage to the structures and allows the structures to assume the loads from the earth backfill gradually and uniformly. The height of the earth backfill adjacent to a structure shall be increased at approximately the same rate on all sides of the structure.

v) Earthfill and earth backfill in dams, levees, and other structures designed to restrain the movement of water shall be placed to meet the following additional requirements:

(1) The distribution of materials throughout each zone shall be essentially uniform, and the earthfill shall be free from lenses, pockets, streaks, or layers of material differing substantially in texture, moisture content, or gradation from the surrounding material. Zone earthfills shall be constructed concurrently unless otherwise specified.

(2) If the surface of any layer becomes too hard and smooth for proper bond with the succeeding layer, it shall be scarified parallel to the axis of the fill to a depth of not less than 2 inches before the next layer is placed.

(3) The top surface of embankments shall be maintained approximately level during construction with two exceptions: A crown or cross-slope of about 2 percent shall be maintained to ensure effective drainage, or as otherwise specified for drainfill or sectional zones.

(4) Dam embankments shall be constructed in continuous layers from abutment to abutment except where openings to facilitate construction or to allow the passage of streamflow during construction are specifically authorized in the contract.

(5) Embankments built at different levels as described under (3) or (4) above shall be constructed so that the slope of the bonding surfaces between embankment in place and embankment to be placed is not steeper than 3 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical. The bonding surface of the embankment in place shall be stripped of all material not meeting the requirements of this specification and shall be scarified, moistened, and recompacted when the new earthfill is placed against it.

This ensures a good bond with the new earthfill and obtains the specified moisture content and density at the contact of the inplace and new earthfills.

vi) Finish each day’s work with a smooth roller to create a smooth surface which will minimize moisture penetration.

vii) At the beginning of each day, scarify or roughen the previously placed lift to promote bonding to the material to be placed above it.

viii) The final constructed elevations on all finished surfaces shall be within +/- 0.10 foot of the final contours and elevations shown on the Drawings.

ix) Any coal or toxic material encountered during project excavations shall be removed and disposed of properly.

x) Any boulders found in the excavation or embankment area shall be removed.

c) Control of moisture content

i) During placement and compaction of earthfill and earth backfill, the moisture content of the material being placed shall be maintained within the specified range.

ii) The application of water to the earthfill material shall be accomplished at the borrow areas insofar as practicable. Water may be applied by sprinkling the material after

23-3 placement on the earthfill, if necessary. Uniform moisture distribution shall be obtained by disking.

iii) Material that is too wet when deposited on the earthfill shall either be removed or be dried to the specified moisture content prior to compaction.

iv) If the top surface of the preceding layer of compacted earthfill or a foundation or abutment surface in the zone of contact with the earthfill becomes too dry to permit suitable bond, it shall either be removed or scarified and moistened by sprinkling to an acceptable moisture content before placement of the next layer of earthfill.

d) Compaction

i) Earthfill—Earthfill shall be compacted according to the following requirements:

(1) Structural Fill—Each layer of earthfill shall be compacted to a density greater than or equal to 95% and…