Konda_Lowland_Specs.pdf

Section 901 -- Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Terms

901.01 Terms, Organizations, and Standards

(a) Specification Terms. These specifications are generally written in the imperative mood. In sentences using the imperative mood, the subject "the Contractor”, is implied. Also implied in this language is "shall”, "shall be”, or similar words or phrases. In material specifications, the subject may also be the supplier, fabricator, or manufacturer supplying material, products, or equipment for use on the project.

Wherever "directed”, "required”, "prescribed”, or similar words are used, the "direction”, "requirement”, or "order" of the Contracting Officer is intended. Similarly, wherever "approved”, "acceptable”, "suitable”, "satisfactory”, or similar words are used, they mean "approved by”, "acceptable to”, or "satisfactory to" the Contracting Officer.

The word "will" generally pertains to decisions or actions of the Contracting Officer.

Whenever in these specifications, or in other contract documents, the following terms (or pronouns in place of them) are used, the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as follows: reference to a specific standard, test, testing method, or specification shall mean the latest published edition or amendment that is in effect at the solicitation issue date for the public works contracts.

(b) Abbreviations and Acronyms

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ABS Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene AQ Actual Quantities APA American Plywood Association ASTM American Society for Testing and Material AWPA American Wood Preservers Association CO Contracting Officer CF Cubic Foot CY Cubic Yard DQ Designed Quantities EA Each HDPE High-Density Polyethylene hr Hour LF Linear Foot LS Lump Sum LSQ Lump Sum Quantities NBS National Bureau of Standards NCMA National Concrete Masonry Association PE Polyethylene PS Product Standard Issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce PVC Polyvinyl Chloride SF Square Foot SQ Staked Quantities STA Station SY Square Yard WCLIB West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau WWPA Western Wood Products Association

Section 902 -- Definitions

When the following terms, or pronouns in place of them, are used in these specifications or in other contract documents, the intent and meaning are as follows:

Berm. The ridge of material formed on the outer edge of the trail that projects higher than the tread.

Compacted. Consolidation that is obtained by tamping or rolling suitable material until no noticeable displacement of material is observed.

Contracting Officer (CO). An official of the Government with the authority to enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. The term includes certain authorized representatives of the CO acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the CO.

Cushion Material. Native or imported material, generally placed over rocky section of unsurfaced trail to provide a usable and maintained traveled way.

Designated on the Ground. The location of materials, work areas, and construction items, including lines and grades, marked on the ground with stakes, flagging, tags, or paint.

Drawings. Documents showing details for construction of a facility, including but not limited to straight-line diagrams, trail logs, standard drawings, construction logs, plan and profile sheets, cross-sections, diagrams, layouts, schematics, descriptive literature, and similar materials.

Duff. Organic material overlying rock or mineral soil.

Embankment. A structure of suitable material placed on the prepared ground surface and constructed to the trailbed elevation.

Excess Excavation. Material in the trailway in excess of that needed for construction of designed trailways.

Full Bench. Trailbed constructed entirely on undisturbed material.

Grade. The vertical distance of ascent or descent of the trail expressed as a percentage of the horizontal distance.

Header Rock. Rock laid with the narrow end towards the face of the wall.

Mineral Soil. Soil or aggregate that is free from organic substances and contains no particles larger than 2 inches at their greatest dimension.

Outslope. Where the trail tread is sloped downward toward the embankment or daylight side of the trailway.

Retreading. Reshaping the trail tread to restore to the original trail template.

Select Borrow. Suitable materials taken from borrow sources DESIGNATED ON THE TRAIL LOG, to be used for embankments and backfilling.

Sideslope. The natural slope of the ground, usually expressed as a percentage.

Suitable Material. Rock that can be accommodated in the trail structure, and soil free of duff with a recognizable granular texture.

Surfacing. Material placed on top of the trailbed or base course that provides the desired tread.

Water Courses. Any natural or constructed channel where water naturally flows or will collect and flow during spring runoff, rainstorms, etc.

Section 903 -- Intent of Contract

903.01 Intent. The intent is to provide for the completion of the project described in the contract.

Furnish all labor, materials, equipment, tools, transportation, and supplies and perform all work required to complete the project in accordance with trail logs, drawings, specifications, and provisions of the contract.

Section 904 -- Maintenance for Traffic and Blasting

904.01 Maintenance for Traffic. Keep all reconstruction segments open and maintained in such a condition as to safely accommodate public travel with travel delayed no more than 15 minutes. The new construction segments do not need to be kept open to public travel during construction operations.

Provide and maintain temporary detours, approaches, or crossings and intersections with trails in a safe and passable condition.

Provide, erect and maintain signs, barricades and other traffic control devices for the protection of the work and safety of the public. These items shall be in place as the contract work begins. Specific requirements for detours or closures are NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG or in Section H Barricades, Warning Signs, and Other Devices.

Before any suspension of work, take precautions necessary to prevent damage to the project, such as temporary detours, approaches, crossings, or intersections, and make provisions for normal drainage and to minimize erosion. Leave all trailways in a condition suitable for traffic unless otherwise specified.

The Contractor is responsible for any maintenance of existing trails that is attributable to Contractor's operations or that is necessary during suspensions resulting from fault or negligence of the Contractor.

The Government may permit use of portions of the project during periods when operations are shut down.

All maintenance attributable to permitted use during periods of work suspension will be provided by the Government.

904.02 Blasting. Contractor shall comply with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations relating to explosives storage, transportation, and use, including the newly enacted Safe Explosives Act of 2002.

This act contains new federal licensing and permitting requirements along with an expanded list of persons prohibited from possessing explosives. For permits and further information, please call the ATFE National Processing Center (404) 417-2750.

A minimum of 2 weeks prior to any blasting operations Contractor must submit the following:

(a) Blaster experience sheet including proof of insurance and licensing.

(b) Blasting Plan - Proposed plan for use of explosives.

(c) Operating Plan - Include plan for transporting and storage of explosives and plan for warning and protecting the public who may be in the area during contract working hours and off hours.

No Cap and Fuse will be allowed.

After each blast, scale on and around blast area to insure the removal of dangerous loose rock, stumps, and other debris.

Measurement

904.03 Method. There will be no separate measurement for this item.

Payment

904.04 Basis. All work under this section will be considered incidental to other PAY ITEMS in this contract, and additional payment will not be made.

Section 905 -- Control of Materials

905.01 Handling Materials. Transport and handle all materials to preserve their quality and fitness for the work. Stockpile, load, and transport aggregates in a manner that will preserve specified gradation and avoid contamination.

Store materials to assure the preservation of their quality and fitness for the work. Locate stored materials to facilitate their prompt inspection. Restore all storage sites in accordance with requirements SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or as otherwise specified. Arrangements for storage on other than designated sites are the responsibility of the Contractor.

905.02 Material Sources

(a) Designated Sources. Use select borrow sources DESIGNATED ON THE TRAIL LOGS.

If no source is designated, use suitable material from trailway excavation. Sources for materials such as rocks or logs that are not available within 200 feet of where they are to be used will be NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG, IN THE SPECIFICATIONS, or

DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND.

Designated sources of local materials are guaranteed by the Government for the quality and quantity of material in the source. The designation of a source includes the right to use those areas for the designated purpose only. Use all needed suitable material from the source.

Operations are restricted to the confines of the area(s) designated.

(b) Contractor-furnished Sources. Furnish material that produces an end product equivalent in performance to that specified.

905.03 Restoration. Upon completion of hauling from borrow sites, shape and grade the area to blend the sides into natural ground. Scatter debris over the area. Cut off stumps to less than 6 inches above the ground as measured on the uphill side of the stump. Place debris over the first 25 feet of any access route where the access route and main trail meet.

Where temporary access routes to borrow sources have approaches into live or intermittent stream channels, temporary erosion control structures shall be utilized during use. Upon completion of hauling activities, check dams shall be constructed at 8-foot intervals and debris placed in these approaches.

Measurement

905.04 Method. For permanent check dams, measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906.

There will be no separate measurement for any other work for this item.

Payment

905.05 Basis. All work under this section except for permanent check dams will be considered incidental to other PAY ITEMS in this contract, and additional payment will not be made.

Pay for the accepted quantities of check dams in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for the PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Section 906 -- Measurement and Payment

906.01 General. Measurement and payment for contract work will be made only for and under those pay items included in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS. All other work and materials will be considered incidental and included in the payment of the PAY ITEMS in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

When more than one class, size, or thickness is specified in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS for any PAY ITEM, suffixes will be added to the item number to differentiate between the items.

906.02 Determination of Quantities. The following measurements and calculations are to be used to determine contract quantities for payment:

For retaining walls, measure by the square foot of front wall face.

Measure structures according to neat lines SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or as altered by the CO in writing to fit field conditions. Make measurements along the centerline and parallel to the specified grade or foundation or as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

Deduct lengths for turnpike, puncheon, switchbacks, shallow stream fords, bridges, and bridge approaches from the measurement of excavation in Section 912 unless these items are specified as incidental to excavation in Section 912.

For standard manufactured items, such as fence, wire, plates, rolled shapes, and pipe conduits identified by gauge, weight, section dimensions, and the like, such identification shall be considered the nominal weights or dimensions. Manufacturer's tolerances will be accepted unless controlled by tolerances in the cited specifications.

906.03 Units of Measurement. Payment will be made by units defined and determined according to U.S.

standard measure and by the following:

(a) Station (STA). Measurement of 100 linear feet.

(b) Each (EA). One complete unit, which may consist of one or more parts.

(c) Lump Sum (LS). The quantities that denote one complete unit of work as required by or described in the contract, including necessary materials, equipment, and labor to complete the job.

906.04 Methods of Measurement. One of the following methods of measurement for determining final payment is DESIGNATED ON THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS for each PAY ITEM:

(a) Designed Quantities (DQ). These quantities denote the final number of units to be paid for under the terms of the contract. They are based upon the original design data available prior to advertising the project. Original design data include the preliminary survey information, design assumptions, calculations, and drawings. Changes in the number of units DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS may be authorized under the following conditions:

(1) As a result of changes in the work approved by the CO.

(2) As a result of the CO determining that errors exist in the original design that cause a PAY ITEM quantity to change by 15 percent or more.

(3) As a result of the Contractor submitting to the CO a written request showing evidence of errors in the original design that cause a PAY ITEM quantity to change by 15 percent or more. The evidence must be verifiable and consist of calculations, drawings, or other data that show how the designed quantity is believed to be in error.

(b) Actual Quantities (AQ). These quantities are determined from measurement of completed work.

(c) Lump Sum Quantities (LSQ). These quantities denote one complete unit of work as required by or described in the contract, including necessary materials, equipment, and labor to complete the job.

906.05 Government-furnished Materials. When materials are furnished by the Forest Service, the note "Government-furnished Materials" will be added to the description of the PAY ITEM.

Section 907 -- Quality Assurance and Quantity Measurement

Description

907.01 Work. Work consists of providing certification that the quality and quantity of construction conform to the drawings, specifications, and requirements of the contract.

Construction

907.02 Certification of Offsite-Produced Materials. Furnish signed certificates executed by the manufacturer, supplier, or vendor, stipulating that all offsite-produced materials incorporated in the work meet applicable requirements SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or stated in the specifications. Furnish a certificate for each commodity or invoice.

907.03 Records. Maintain a set of contract drawings depicting as-built conditions resulting from approved changes. Maintain the drawings in a current condition and indicate changes from the original contract drawings in red. Give the drawings to the CO upon the completion of the contract work.

Measurement

907.04 Method. There will be no separate measurement for this item.

Payment

907.05 Basis. All work under this section will be considered incidental to other PAY ITEMS in this

Section 908 -- Staking, Flagging, and Cleanup

908.01 Work. This work consists of protecting existing staking and establishing any control points needed in addition to existing staking and flagging, and removing and disposing of all construction stakes, tags, flagging, and plastic ribbon from the project area.

Construction

908.02 General. This project has been staked at varying intervals on the ground with reference stakes and flagging as control points. These stakes and flagging constitute the field control. Not all items of work SHOWN ON THE TRAIL LOGS are staked or flagged on the ground.

The Contractor shall protect from construction activities all stakes by resetting them immediately uphill and adjacent to their initial locations as work proceeds.

The Contractor shall furnish and maintain all additional stakes, flagging, templates, batter boards, and other equipment, materials, and supplies necessary for locating on the ground the items of work SHOWN ON THE TRAIL LOGS and for marking and maintaining points and lines established. Do not perform work in the absence of control points. If any construction control points are destroyed, displaced, or erroneous, notify the CO. Uniformly contour alignment and construct grade from control point to control point.

908.03 Project Cleanup. Remove all construction stakes, tags, flagging, and plastic ribbon from the project area within 7 days after the final inspection of all other work on the project. Dispose of all stakes, tags, flagging, and plastic ribbon off Government-administered lands unless otherwise designated.

Measurement

908.04 Method. There will be no separate measurement for this item.

Payment

908.05 Basis. All work under this section will be considered incidental to other PAY ITEMS in this

Section 911 -- Clearing and Grubbing

911.01 Work. Work consists of clearing, grubbing, trimming, removing, and disposing of trees, logs, limbs, branches, brush, plants, and other vegetation within the clearing limits. Work includes the felling and disposing of designated trees outside the clearing limits. Also included are the protection from injury or defacement of trees and other objects not designated for removal and the treatment of damaged trees.

Construction

911.02 Clearing Limits. Clear to the dimensions SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or 1 foot beyond the fill and backslope catch points, whichever is greater.

911.03 Material to be Cleared. Alder brush shall be cleared back to 6 feet from centerline on both sides.

Clearing requires that the entire alder plant be grubbed out. Alders over 6 feet from trail centerline that lean into the trailway shall be cut flush with the base of the plant.

All other trees, logs, limbs, branches, brush, herbaceous plants, and other vegetation within the clearing limits SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS shall be removed and disposed of, except for the following:

(a) Live, sound, and firmly rooted trees of the size SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

(b) Live brush (except alder) and herbaceous plants between the trailway and the clearing limits that are less than 18 inches in height measured from centerline grade and less than ½-inch in diameter at ground line.

Except as provided above, cut all limbs and branches more than ½-inch in diameter that extend into the clearing limits. Cut limbs flush with the tree trunks or stems or cut at the ground surface as SHOWN ON

THE DRAWINGS.

911.04 Damaged Trees. When felling, cutting, or trimming, do not cause bark damage to standing timber. If damage does occur to standing trees, treat the injured trees as directed by the Contracting Officer. Remove and dispose of trees with major roots exposed by construction that are rendered unstable.

911.05 Removal of Stumps. Remove all stumps within the trailbed. Remove stumps located between the edge of the trailbed and the edge of the trailway that cannot be cut flush with the finished slope or that are not tightly rooted.

911.06 Disposal of Clearing Slash, Logs, Stumps, Brush, and Roots. Do not place clearing slash, logs, stumps, brush, or roots in concentrated piles. Scatter all logs, limbs, lopped tops, brush, and grubbed stumps and roots below the trailway and outside the clearing limits, with the following exceptions:

(a) Where the sideslope above the trail is less than 10 percent, material may be scattered above the trail.

(b) Logs may be left on the uphill side of the trail if they are placed so that they will not move into the clearing limits. (c) At locations NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG, block the old trail by piling clearing debris to a minimum of 2 feet in depth and 10 feet along the old route or as otherwise NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG.

Do not place clearing and grubbing debris in water courses, snow ponds, lakes, meadows, or in locations where it could impede the flows to, through, or from drainage structures. Felled trees shall not be left leaning up off the ground against other trees.

Measurement

911.07 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906.

Payment

911.08 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Make payment under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

911(01) Clearing and Grubbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LF

Section 912 -- Excavation and Embankment

912.01 Work. Work consists of the excavation and placement of excavated material, regardless of its nature, from within the trailway or from other sources, except for material included under other pay items

SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Includes excavation, embankment, and backfill construction required to shape and finish the trailbed, ditches, backslopes, fill slopes, and drain dips.

Materials

912.02 Requirements. Use materials meeting the requirements of Section 961.

Construction

912.03 Use and Disposal of Excavated Material. Conserve and use all suitable material for specified work. Conserve excess excavated rock suitable for specified project work and use in place of materials from designated sources.

Remove all duff and debris from within trailway limits unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

Scatter excess and unsuitable material beyond the downslope edge of the trailway. Do not obstruct drainage or create piles, berms, or windrows of debris. This includes any material removed in the grubbing operation and deposited in the same area.

912.04 Trailway Excavation and Embankment. Minor deviations of ±1 foot in vertical alignment and 2 feet in horizontal alignment with smooth transitions of at least 20 feet on each side of the deviation are acceptable unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Make necessary adjustments of horizontal or vertical alignment, within the tolerances, to produce the designed trailway section and balance earthwork. Such adjustments shall not be considered as changes.

Construct embankments with suitable compacted material. Compact all disturbed soil within the trailbed area.

Remove any rock within or above the backslopes that is unstable. Use or dispose of rock in accordance with Subsection 912.03.

Leave the finished slope in a uniform and roughened condition.

912.05 Trailbed Finish. Fill holes with suitable material, compact, and cut high points to provide a uniform trailbed finish.

912.06 Special Compacted Fill Sections. Spread and compact the fill in 6-inch maximum layers.

Obtain compaction by hand tamping-plate bars or similar tools over the full area of each layer until visual displacement ceases.

912.07 Retaining Walls. Trailbed sections utilizing rock retaining walls may be constructed in place of full-bench construction. Construct rock retaining walls in accordance with Section 935.

912.08 Drainage. Install the permanent drainage structures NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG or temporary drainage upon excavation of trail to grade.

Construct outlet ditches for drain dips where NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG or as necessary to provide drainage. Where NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG or where outlet ditches will not drain within 20 feet, construct an 18-inch diameter drain sump to a minimum depth of 24 inches and located at least 5 feet from edge of trailbed. Fill sump with coarse rock.

Construct side ditches to be free of loose rocks, roots, sticks, and other obstructions.

912.09 Geotextiles. Where NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG OR DRAWINGS place geotextile fabric flat and parallel to centerline of the trail before placing backfill or embankment. Overlap geotextiles a minimum of 24 inches. All turnpike construction will require geotextiles.

Measurement

912.10 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906.

Payment

912.11 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

The following will be considered incidental to the PAY ITEMS SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS and extra payment will not be given:

(a) Geotextile fabric, borrow, and talus or rubble rock sections.

(b) Retaining walls on the lower side of the trailbed constructed in place of full-bench construction.

Make payment under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

912(01) Excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LF 912(06) Rolling Dip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LF

Section 913 -- Turnpike

913.01 Work. Work consists of constructing new turnpike sections, including excavation, embankment, retainers, geotextiles, backfill, and drainage features. Work also includes removing and disposing of old puncheons.

Materials

913.02 Requirements. Use materials meeting the requirements of Section 961.

Construction

913.03 Excavation and Embankment. Perform in accordance with Section 912.

Prepare trailbed wide enough to allow for ditches where required and to have adequate undisturbed ground to support retainer stakes on both sides. Trailbed shall be constructed so that retainer logs are supported full length and not placed on a fill.

913.04 Retainers. Place log, sawn timber, or rock retainers in a continuous row along each shoulder of the turnpike section as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Bed the parallel retainers so they are stable and at approximately the same top elevation. Use only single high retainers except at overlap sections with steps. Avoid sharp bends along the length of the turnpike and at the approaches.

Where logs butt to one another they should be approximately the same diameter and top elevation.

Except where constructing steps or where forming a bend in the turnpike, use side retainers at least 10 feet long.

When retainers are constructed of rocks, adjacent rocks should be at approximately the same top elevation. Interlock each rock with adjacent rocks, and minimize voids. Use smaller rocks to fill voids before placing geotextile and backfill.

On grades greater than 8% or where NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG install cross retainer logs at 6-foot intervals and install an end retainer log. Cross and end retainer logs shall be approximately the same diameter as the adjacent side retainer logs and the tops shall be installed flush with top the side retainers.

913.05 Turnpike with Steps. At locations NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG construct a turnpike with steps as SHOWN ON DRAWINGS.

913.06 Geotextiles. Place geotextile fabric flat and parallel to centerline of the trail and under the log or rock retainers before placing backfill. Place, cover, or trim fabric so that it will not be visible upon completion of the turnpike. Overlap adjoining pieces of fabric a minimum of 24 inches.

913.07 Backfill. Fill the space between the retainers with compacted select borrow. As an alternative, the space may be filled to one-half the required depth with rock, then capped with select borrow. All voids in the rock shall be filled with the select borrow. Obtain select borrow from borrow sources NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG. Material from tread excavation and ditches, with the exception of rock, shall not be used for backfill.

913.08 Drainage. Construct side ditches, cross-drainage, and culverts at locations NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND.

Construct outlet ditches from side ditches on the lower side of trail as necessary to provide drainage.

Where outlet ditches will not drain within 20 feet of the turnpike, construct an 18-inch diameter drain sump to a minimum depth of 24 inches and located at least 5 feet from turnpike side ditch. Fill sump with coarse rock.

Measurement

913.09 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906.

Payment

913.10 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

The following will be considered incidental to the PAY ITEMS SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS and extra payment will not be given:

(a) Side ditches, outlet ditches, drain sumps, select borrow, and geotextile fabric constructed or installed as part of the turnpike.

(b) Any necessary clearing or grubbing.

(c) Removal and disposal of old puncheons NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG.

Make payment under:

913(01) Turnpike - Log or Rock Retainer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LF

Section 921 -- Culverts

921.01 Work. Work consists of furnishing and installing culverts, including excavation and backfill, selecting and hauling of rock materials, and constructing catch basins, headwalls, and outlet ditches.

Materials

921.02 Requirements. Use materials meeting the requirements of Section 961.

Construction

921.03 Excavation and Embankment. Perform excavation and embankment in accordance with Section 912.

921.04 Placement. Place culverts to provide for unobstructed inlet and outlet flow. Remove logs, debris, soil, rock, and other obstructions above and below the culvert that would impede flow into the culvert or away from the trailway. Minimize disturbance to streambeds.

Construct an inlet catch basin where NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG or as necessary to facilitate flow into the culvert. Construct the catch basin with an 18-inch diameter flat bottom.

Construct outlet ditches where NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG or as necessary to provide drainage.

Where NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG or where outlet ditches will not drain within 20 feet, construct an 18-inch diameter drain sump to a minimum depth of 24 inches and located at least 5 feet from culvert outlet. Fill sump with coarse rock.

921.05 Pipe Culverts. Install pipe culverts at the locations NOTED ON THE TRAIL LOG or as

DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND.

(a) Placing. Skew culverts as needed to provide for free flow under the trailbed. Place culverts at stream crossings in the natural streambed on stream grade.

(b) Bedding. Excavate and remove all unsuitable material and rocks over 3 inches to a minimum depth of 6 inches below the pipe invert and to a minimum width of 1.5 pipe diameters. Bed pipe with compacted suitable material free of rocks larger than 3 inches and in a stable foundation of undisturbed or compacted soil. Shape the bed to fit the lower quadrant of the pipe exterior and provide uniform continuous support along the entire length of the pipe.

921.06 Backfilling Culverts. Backfill and compact around culverts with suitable material that is free of rocks over 3 inches. Provide for the cover height as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

921.07 Headwalls. Construct headwall at both culvert inlet and outlet. In all locations except in a turnpike section or on ditch relief culverts, the headwall shall extend from stream bank to stream bank.

On turnpike and ditch relief culverts the headwall shall extend a minimum of 12 inches on both sides of the culvert.

Provide a compacted bench as a foundation for the wall.

Select rocks that have a general rectangular shape with flat top and bottom faces. Place the largest rocks on the bottom. Lay each rock stable on the course that supports it, interlocking with surrounding rocks.

Do not break, jar, or displace rocks already set. Place the exposed face of each rock parallel to the face of the wall. Stagger vertical joints a minimum of 4 inches horizontally from vertical joints in adjoining courses.

Measurement

921.08 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906.

Payment

921.09 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

The following will be considered incidental to the PAY ITEMS SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS and extra payment will not be given:

Outlet ditches, drain sumps, bedding material, catch basins, and headwalls.

Make payment under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

921(01)12 12-Inch Corrugated PE Culvert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LF

Section 932-Puncheon

932.01 Work. Work consists of constructing puncheon, including excavation.

Materials

932.02 Requirements. Use materials meeting the requirements of Section 962. The location of trees for native timber materials will be SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS and DESIGNATED ON THE

GROUND.

Construction

932.03 General. Construct puncheon at locations SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND. Predrill holes for fasteners to prevent splitting and drive spikes flush.

932.04 Excavation and Embankment. Perform excavation and embankment in accordance with the requirements of Section 912 and as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

932.05 Mud Sills. Bury mud sills to a depth that provides a finished walking surface that is less than or equal to 3' above the surrounding ground. Hew sill logs to provide a bearing surface for the log stringers and to provide the log stringers with a level top surface. Do not hew sill logs more than one-third their diameter. Do not level the top surfaces of the log stringers by shimming or notching their ends.

932.06 Log Stringers. Use logs greater than or equal to 10' in length. Use logs greater than or equal to 8" in diameter before the top is flattened. Fasten each stringer to each mud sill with drift pins that penetrate a minimum of 4" into the mud sill unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

When plank decking is used, hew the top surfaces of log stringers up to 2" deep, as necessary, to provide bearing surfaces for deck planks.

932.07 Sawn Timber Stringers. Use sawn timber greater than or equal to 10' in length. Fasten each stringer to each mud sill with drift pins that penetrate a minimum of 4" into the mud sill unless otherwise

SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

932.08 Finished Walkway. Construct abutting ends of sections of log or plank puncheon flush with each other. Do not slope the surface of the completed walkway to either side. Construct the puncheon with a grade that does not exceed 6 percent and where no change in grade exceeds 6 percent unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND. Construct the finished walking surface of the puncheon flush with the trail grade at each end of the structure.

932.09 Decking. Spike decking evenly at right angles to each stringer. Lay split log decking alternately flat side down first, then round side down, ending with a flat side down. When round side is down, notch round log decking to provide a 2" wide bearing surface. Lay split and sawn deck planks on the stringer to provide bearing for the full width of the plank. Trim protruding ends of the decking to give a straight line appearance to the edges of the structure or as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

932.10 Curbs. Construct curbs with logs or sawn timber as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Use lengths greater than or equal to 10 feet and splice with a 6" half-lap joint at a spacer location. Match diameters of logs at lap joints and trim excess to provide a smooth transition between logs. Counterbore lag screws in curbs so that heads are flush with the surface. Finish curbs smooth and free from splinters and sharp projections.

932.11 Approach Fills. Construct the approach fills with compacted suitable material.

Measurement

932.12 Method. Measure the set quantities in accordance with Section 906.

Payment

932.13 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Make payment under:

932(01) Puncheon with Decking, Treated Sawn Timber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LF

Section 951-Mobilization

951.01 Work. This work consists of moving personnel, equipment, material, and incidentals to the project and performing all work necessary before beginning work at the project site. Mobilization includes the costs associated with obtaining permits, insurance, and bonds. Mobilization is not intended to pay for the costs of materials before they are used on the project site.

Payment

951.02 Basis. Pay for the accepted work at the contract unit price for the PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE

SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Make progress payments for mobilization as follows:

(a) Reimburse for bond premiums before issuing the Notice to Proceed if evidence of payment is received.

(b) When 5 percent or more of the original contract amount is earned from other PAY ITEMS, pay mobilization at the rate of 50 percent, or up to 5 percent of the original contract amount, whichever is less.

(c) When 10 percent or more of the original contract amount is earned from other PAY

ITEMS, pay mobilization at the rate of 100 percent, or up to 10 percent of the original contract amount, whichever is less.

(d) Pay any unpaid amount for mobilization upon final acceptance of all work items.

The total of all payments, including bonding, shall not exceed the original contract amount for this item.

Make payment under:

951(01) Mobilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LS

Section 952-Sign, Post, Bulletin Board and Cairn Installation

952.01 Work. This work consists of furnishing and installing signs and posts and constructing rock cairns.

Materials

952.02 Requirements.

Construction

952.03 General. Erect signs, posts, and cairns at the locations SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or

DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND.

952.04 Sign Installation. Tighten hardware snug, but do not damage the sign panel surface.

952.05 Post Installation. Dig post hole width not more than three times the width of the post and to the depth SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. If necessary because of obstacles, the post hole may be moved within the tolerances SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS, or stabilize the post with concrete or rock mounds built in accordance with rock cairn specifications.

Compact suitable material between the post and the post hole in 4" layers to produce a solid and plumb installation.

952.06 Rock Cairn Construction. Slope each rock layer toward the center. Place each rock with at least three points of contact. Do not wedge small rocks into cracks between large rocks to stabilize the large rocks.

Measurement

952.07 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906.

Rock cairns built to support signposts will be considered incidental to the PAY ITEM for signposts, and separate payment will not be made.

Payment

952.08 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Make payment under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

952(03)B Bulletin Board (4’x8’) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EA 952(03)CD CDNST Placard Sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EA 952(03)P Pressure Treated Post with Sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EA

Section 953-Barriers

953.01 Work. Work consists of constructing barriers, including subgrade widening, debris disposal, and excavation.

Materials

953.02 Requirements. Use materials meeting the requirements of the following sections:

961 - Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate 962 - Material for Timber Structures

Construction

953.03 General. Construct barriers at locations SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or DESIGNATED ON

THE GROUND.

Use logs in which the true centerline deviates no more than 4" from the line between the centers of the ends of the log.

Measurement

953.04 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906 and include spaces between individual units in each barrier section as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

Payment

953.05 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Make payment under:

953(01) Barrier, Rock or Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LF

Section 961 -- Materials

961.01 Rock. Use sound, durable rock free of rifts, seams, laminations and minerals that could deteriorate as a result of weathering. Dress rock to remove thin or weak portions before use.

Furnish rock of the size, shape, weight, and face area necessary to produce the general characteristics and appearance SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

961.02 Native Timber. Select timber from sites on Government-administered land. Select sizes of material as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. The preferred species of material to be used shall be Douglas-fir, western larch, lodgepole pine, or whitebark pine, in that order. Spruce or alpine fir shall not be used unless the preferred species are not available within 600 feet of the installation site. Select timber that is straight, sound, and free of defects. Fell trees to prevent damage to standing timber and to minimize breakage of trees to be used. Buck logs from felled trees in such a way to minimize waste and to obtain the required length and diameter.

Peel all logs and stakes, square log ends, and trim the knots and limbs flush. Scatter the debris from the processing of timber away from the trail, not in openings and meadows, and so it will not plug water courses.

961.03 Treated Timber. The species shall be ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, coast region Douglas-fir, or western larch. Either round or sawn timber is acceptable unless otherwise NOTED ON THE TRAIL

LOGS.

The timber shall be full length pressure treated with Copper Naphthenate in accordance with AWPA standards for soil contact. The materials shall be produced in compliance with the "Best Management Practices for the Use of Treated Wood in Aquatic Environments" (2006) to ensure adequate fixation of treatment. For more information visit the website www.WWPInstitute.org.

961.04 Culvert. Use coextruded dual wall corrugated Polyethylene (PE) pipe with a smooth interior wall and a corrugated exterior wall. Sizes 12 inches and larger shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 294. Sizes 10 inches and smaller shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 252.

961.05 Geotextiles. During shipment and storage, wrap all geotextiles to protect them from sunlight.

When storing geotextiles, protect them from mud, soil, dust, and debris. If materials are not installed immediately after delivery to site, do not store them in direct sunlight.

(a) For applications other than for silt fence, use needlepunched nonwoven fabric meeting the following requirements:

Fabric Property Test Method Units

Value* Grab Tensile Strength ASTM-D-4632 lbs. 120

Trapezoid Tear Strength ASTM-D-4533 lbs. 50 Puncture Resistance ASTM-D-4833 lbs. 65 Permittivity ASTM-D-4491 sec-1 1.5 - 2.0

* Minimum average roll value.

The following brand name products meet the above requirements:

Synthetic Industries - Geotex #451 Amoco - ProPex #4551

(b) For silt fence applications, use woven fabric meeting the following requirements:

Fabric Property Test Method Units

Value* Grab Tensile Strength ASTM-D-4632 lbs. 120

Apparent Opening Size ASTM-D-4751 US Sieve 20-30 Permittivity ASTM-D-4491 sec-1 0.05 UV Resistance ASTM-D-4355 % Retained

@ 500 hours

* Minimum average roll value.

The following brand name products meet the above requirements:

Synthetic Industries - Geotex #913SC Amoco - ProPex #2130