NASA-STD-8719.11B (2020-08-20).pdf

Approved: 2020-08-20 Measurement System

Identification: Metric/SI (English)

NASA TECHNICAL STANDARD NASA-STD-8719.11B

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Approved: 2020-08-20 Superseding NASA-STD-8719.11A

STANDARD FOR FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY

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NASA-STD-8719.11B – 2020-08-20

DOCUMENT HISTORY LOG

Status Document Revision Approval Date Description

Baseline Change 3 12-19-2000 Initial Release With Change 3

Revalidated 04-06-2006 Revalidated

Revision A 11-19-2008 Various Updates and Reformatting

Revision B 08-20-2020 Standard reformatted to match IBC with additions. Clarified where IBC applies, where NFPA 101 applies, and where both apply. Added definitions for qualified designers.

Change 1 02-24-2021 Replaced NPR 8715.3 reference with NPR

8715.1 for section 1.3.1, 1.3.2, 1.4.1, A.1.1, and B.1.2, which is now the authoritative directive for this standard and describes the process for requesting relief from Agency Institutional Safety Requirements

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FOREWORD

This NASA Technical Standard provides uniform engineering and technical requirements for processes, procedures, practices, and methods that have been endorsed as standard for NASA facilities, programs, and projects, including requirements for the selection, application, and design criteria of an item.

This revision to the NASA Standard for Fire Protection and Life Safety represents a major change from the previous edition. This revision is aligned with and relies more on voluntary consensus standards than the previous edition. In particular, NASA incorporates by reference the International Building Code (IBC) and the NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. This revised Standard for Fire Protection and Life Safety provides requirements to be used in addition to, and in some cases, in place of, those published in the IBC and NFPA 101 to ensure fire protection and life safety at NASA facilities. The chapters of this revised standard match those of the IBC, but only include additional content and requirements to that in the IBC or to be used in lieu of the IBC.

This NASA standard was developed by the NASA Office of Safety and Mission Assurance (OSMA) and subject matter experts from each of the Centers and Component Facilities. Each Center, the NASA Office of Strategic Infrastructure, and the NASA Office of Protective Services have endorsed the content and use of this standard. Requests for information, corrections, or additions to this standard should be submitted to NASA OSMA by email to Agency-SMA- Policy-Feedback@mail.nasa.gov or via the “Email Feedback” link at https://standards.nasa.gov.

____________________________ August 20, 2020 Frank Groen for Terrence W. Wilcutt Approval Date NASA Chief, Safety and Mission Assurance

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

DOCUMENT HISTORY LOG

FOREWORD

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF APPENDICES

1. SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

1.1 Purpose

1.2 Applicability

1.3 Authority Having Jurisdiction

1.4 Request for Relief

1.5 Equivalency of Alternative Materials, Systems, Design, Methods, and Devices

1.6 Issuance of Certificate of Occupancy

1.7 Facility Records

1.8 Existing Facilities

1.9 Performance-Based Fire Protection and Life Safety Design

1.10 Design Analysis

2. ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS

2.1 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Notation

2.2 Definitions

3. OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION AND USE

3.1 General

3.2 Hazardous Materials

4. SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCY AND USE

4.1 Aircraft Hangars and Maintenance Areas

4.2 Essential Information Technology Equipment

4.3 Cooling Towers

4.4 Transformer Locations

4.5 Trailers and Modular Construction

4.6 Tunneled Walkways

4.7 Anechoic Chambers

4.8 High Bays

4.9 Explosive or Propellant Operations

5. GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS

6. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

6.1 Type of Construction

6.2 Separation Between Buildings

7. FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

7.1 General

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7.2 Segregation of Hazards

7.3 Fire-Rated Partitions and Barriers

7.4 Opening Protection and Fire Stopping

7.5 Fire walls

7.6 Application of Fire-Resistant Materials

7.7 Insulation

8. INTERIOR FINISHES

8.1 General

9. FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

9.1 General

9.2 Fire Suppression Criteria

9.3 Fire Alarm System

9.4 Smoke Control and Exhaust Systems

10. MEANS OF EGRESS

10.1 General

10.2 Means of Egress Marking

CHAPTERS 11 THROUGH 26

27. ELECTRICAL FIRE PROTECTION CRITERIA

27.1 General

27.2 Installation

28. MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

28.1 General

28.2 Heating Equipment

29. PLUMBING SYSTEMS

30. ELEVATORS AND CONVEYING SYSTEMS

30.1 Elevators

CHAPTERS 31 THROUGH 33

34. EXISTING FACILITIES

34.1 Minimum Requirements

34.2 Hazardous Materials

34.3 Roof Modification

35. APPLICABLE AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

35.1 Applicable Documents

35.2 Reference Documents

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LIST OF APPENDICES

FIRE PREVENTION PROCEDURES

FIRE SERVICE OPERATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

FIRE PROTECTION ACCESS AND WATER SUPPLY

PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMANCE-BASED FIRE SAFETY DESIGN

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STANDARD FOR FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY

1. SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION

1.1 Purpose

1.1.1 The purpose of this standard and the Center Fire Protection and Life Safety Programs is to protect human life, property, and the environment from the risk of fire-related hazards, through the application of codes, standards, and best practices, engineering analysis, fire prevention techniques, and public education and awareness of fire safety for NASA and contractor personnel.

1.1.2 This standard establishes requirements for life safety, fire prevention, detection, control, and suppression through engineering, inspection, training, and firefighting. A fire protection and life safety program consists of fire protection and life safety engineering (to minimize the occurrence of fire and fire loss through engineering designs and systems), fire prevention (to inspect for employee-created fire hazards and provide fire safety education and training), and a fire suppression force (to minimize losses in the event of a fire).

1.2 Applicability

1.2.1 This standard applies to NASA Headquarters and NASA Centers, including Component Facilities and Technical and Service Support Centers, and may be cited in contract, program, and other Agency documents as a technical requirement. This standard may also apply to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory or to other contractors, grant recipients, or parties to agreements to the extent specified or referenced in their contracts, grants, or agreements.

1.2.2 This standard applies to NASA-owned and NASA-operated, temporary and permanent, buildings, facilities, and installations, and to non-NASA-owned contractor or tenant buildings, facilities, and installations, operated on NASA property.

1.2.3 The International Building Code (IBC), 2018 Edition, the International Existing Building Code, 2018 Edition and the NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 2018 Edition, are incorporated by reference. This NASA Standard for Fire Protection and Life Safety is a companion to these consensus standards and provides requirements to be used in addition to, and in some cases, in place of, those published in the IBC, IEBC and NFPA 101 to ensure fire protection and life safety at NASA facilities. The chapters of this revised standard match those of the IBC. Each chapter includes only additional content and requirements to that in the IBC or to be used in lieu of the IBC. Where there are conflicts between the requirements in the IBC and NFPA 101, use the more stringent requirement unless otherwise required by the AHJ.

1.2.4 This standard is not intended to be a substitute for Federal or applicable State and local government requirements. When conflicts exist between this document and voluntary consensus standards, this document takes precedence, except in those cases where the voluntary consensus standards are invoked by applicable Government regulation.

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Note: Center level requirements in addition to, and that do not conflict with, those listed herein may be appropriate for inclusion in Center-specific fire protection and life safety policies and procedures to address unique applications and situations not covered by this document. For example, the AHJ may elect to adopt state and local building and fire codes provided they are not found to be in strict conflict with the requirements noted herein.

1.2.5 In this standard, "shall" denotes a mandatory requirement, "may" denotes a discretionary privilege or permission, “can” denotes statements of possibility or capability, "should" denotes a good practice, and "will" denotes an expected outcome.

1.2.6 In this standard, Appendices are considered required parts of this standard. They are separated into appendices for organizational purposes only.

1.3 Authority Having Jurisdiction

1.3.1 The term “Authority Having Jurisdiction” (AHJ) as used in this standard and referenced documents is the party fulfilling the responsibilities identified in NPR 8715.1, NASA Safety and Health Programs.

1.3.2 The terms “Fire Official” (FO) and “Building Official” as used in referenced documents is the party fulfilling the responsibilities for AHJ identified in NPR 8715.1.

1.3.3 The AHJ has responsibility for interpretation of this standard, and to make final determination of whether the provisions of this standard are met.

1.4 Request for Relief

1.4.1 The process for requesting relief from requirements in this standard is defined in NPR 8715.1.

1.5 Equivalency of Alternative Materials, Systems, Design, Methods, and Devices

1.5.1 Nothing in this standard is intended to prevent the use of alternative materials, systems, design, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety over those prescribed by this standard, provided technical documentation demonstrating equivalency is submitted to the AHJ and approved for the intended purpose.

1.5.2 The proposed alternative material, system, design, method, or device shall be evaluated for compliance with the standard, and that the material, method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, not less than the equivalent of that prescribed in this standard in quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability and safety, and approved for the intended purpose by the AHJ before use.

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1.5.3 Requests for equivalency shall include

a. Technical documentation and supporting data demonstrating how the proposed alternative solution provides an equivalent level of fire protection and life safety.

b. Hazard analysis, compensatory features, criteria used, and other pertinent data.

1.5.4 Approved equivalencies only apply to the specific situation and do not constitute approval for similar cases.

1.6 Issuance of Certificate of Occupancy

1.6.1 Issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy (CoO) shall be in accordance with the IBC.

1.6.2 Temporary Certificates of Occupancy shall be valid for no more than 180 days from the date of issuance.

1.6.3 The CoO shall be approved by the AHJ prior to issuance.

1.7 Facility Records

1.7.1 Facility records for fire protection and life safety systems shall be maintained in accordance with the IBC and NFPA 101, and other standards incorporated by reference.

1.8 Existing Facilities

1.8.1 Chapter 34 provides requirements for existing facilities.

1.9 Performance-Based Fire Protection and Life Safety Design

1.9.1 Performance-based fire safety design shall be in accordance with the procedures, provisions, and applicable requirements of Appendix D.

1.9.2 A Qualified Fire Protection Engineer (QFPE) shall perform the performance-based fire safety design.

1.10 Design Analysis

1.10.1 A fire protection design analysis shall be performed by a QFPE for new construction or rehabilitation projects to address the fire protection requirements.

1.10.2 Where designs warrant, the AHJ shall be permitted to omit the requirement of 1.10.1.

1.10.3 The fire protection design analysis shall be submitted with the first design submission separate from other disciplines.

1.10.4 The following fire protection provisions shall be addressed:

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a. Building code analysis (e.g., type of construction, height and area limitations, and building separation or exposure protection).

b. Life safety analysis (e.g. occupancy loads, travel distances, fire separations).

c. Classification of occupancy and identification of hazardous areas.

d. Compliance with this standard and referenced applicable codes and standards.

e. Requirements for fire-rated walls, fire-rated doors, fire dampers with their fire-resistive ratings, smoke compartmentation, and smoke barriers.

f. Analysis of automatic sprinkler and suppression systems and protected areas including analysis of required water demand.

g. Water supplies, water distribution, location of fire hydrants.

h. Smoke control methods and systems.

i. Fire alarm and detection systems, including monitoring.

j. Standpipe systems and fire extinguishers.

k. Interior finish ratings.

l. Coordination with security requirements.

m. Coordination with Fire Department requirements.

1.10.5 A QFPE shall review the 100-percent design submission of plans and specifications and certify in writing that the design follows this standard and all applicable criteria.

1.10.6 The certification letter shall be submitted with the 100-percent submission.

1.10.7 The AHJ shall be permitted to accept a Qualified Design Professional in-lieu of a QFPE for projects involving design or modification of fire-rated construction, detection, and suppression and life safety systems not part of new construction or large renovation projects.

2. ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS

2.1 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Notation

AHJ Authority Having Jurisdiction

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ARFF Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

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CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CoO Certificate of Occupancy

FDC Fire Department Connection

FM Factory Mutual

FRT Fire-Retardant Treated

IBC International Building Code

IEBC International Existing Building Code

IFSTA International Fire Service Training Association

ITE Information Technology Equipment

MCE Mission Critical Equipment

MSI Mission Support Infrastructure

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASA-STD NASA Technical Standard

NCI NASA Critical Infrastructure

NECA National Electrical Contractors Association

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

NMIS NASA Mishap Information System

NPR NASA Procedural Requirements

NPSH Net Positive Suction Head

NRTL Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSMA Office of Safety and Mission and Assurance

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

PVC Polyvinyl Chloride

QFPE Qualified Fire Protection Engineer

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SFPE Society of Fire Protection Engineers

UL Underwriters Laboratories

2.2 Definitions

2.2.1 The definitions contained in this section apply to the words and terms used in this standard. Where terms are not defined in this standard and are defined in the NFPA Glossary of Terms or the IBC, such terms have the meaning ascribed to them in those documents. Where terms are not defined through these means, such terms have their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context they are used, and Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary is the source for the ordinarily accepted meaning.

Adequate. When referring to fire protection or life safety, the safeguards necessary to provide facilities and their occupants with a reasonable degree of safety as determined by the AHJ.

Alternative. A system, condition, arrangement, material, or equipment submitted to the AHJ as a substitute for a requirement in a standard.

Approved. Acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. (See AHJ.)

Authority Having Jurisdiction. The individual, designated by the Center Director, responsible for enforcing the requirements of this standard (including those adopted by reference) and for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure. The AHJ enforces the requirements of the International Code Council model codes (adopted by reference) functioning as the Building Official.

Combustible Liquid. Any liquid having a flashpoint at or above 37.8 ºC (100 ºF).

Cost Benefit Analysis. A procedure in which the present value of future expenditures associated with the installation and maintenance of a fire or life safety system or device is related to the economic benefits of the facility or portion thereof that it is designed to protect. The technique is intended to determine the practicality of the installation and is applied only to those situations where the possibility of loss of human life and risk to mission success is low.

Design Fire. An engineering description of the development and spread of fire for use in a design fire scenario. Design fire curves may be described in terms of heat release rate versus time.

Design Fire Scenario. A set of conditions that defines the fire development and spread of fire within and through areas and describes factors such as ventilation conditions, ignition sources, arrangement, and quantity of combustible materials and fire load accounting for the effects of fire detection, fire protection, fire control and suppression, and fire mitigation measures.

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Equivalent/Equivalency. An alternative means of providing an equal or greater degree of safety than that afforded by strict conformance to prescribed codes and standards.

Facility. A building, structure, or other real property improvements including utilities and collateral equipment.

Fire Barrier. A fire-resistance-rated wall assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which continuity is maintained.

Fire Official. See Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).

Fire Partition. A vertical assembly of materials, with protected openings, designed to restrict the spread of fire.

Fire-Resistive. A broad range of structural systems capable of withstanding maximum intensity and duration of fire without failure. Common fire-resistive components include masonry load-bearing walls, reinforced concrete or protected steel columns, and poured or pre-cast concrete floors and roofs.

Fire Safety Goals. Refers to the overall intent or purpose of the fire safety regulations.

Fire Wall. A fire-resistance-rated wall having protected openings, which restricts the spread of fire and extends continuously from the foundation to or through the roof, with sufficient structural stability under fire conditions to allow collapse of construction on either side without collapse of the wall.

Flammable Liquid. Any liquid that has a closed-cup flash point below 37.8 ºC (100 ºF), and a Reid vapor pressure that does not exceed an absolute pressure of 276 kPa (40 psi) at 37.8 ºC (100 ºF).

Fuel Load. Expected maximum quantity of combustible material in a given fire area;

in normal facilities, it is the combustible structural elements and the combustible contents contained within that area. Fire load is usually expressed as weight of combustible material/ft.2 of area.

High bays. Any space with a ceiling height of 9.1 m or more (30 ft or more).

Note: These spaces represent fire protection challenges resulting from the heat and smoke dispersion over the potentially large distances, compounded by the unique and sometimes large fuel loads associated with the aerospace industry.

Information Technology Equipment. Computer servers, switches, automatic data processing equipment, and command and control systems. ITE can be classified as “essential” or “incidental.”

Essential Information Technology Equipment. A facility’s equipment, located in specific areas, that includes, but is not limited to, data and communication center

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Incidental Information Technology Equipment. Word processing stations, printers, and systems—desk top computers; office automation systems; individual data output stations (i.e., printers, etc.); individual computer work stations; telephones;

communication equipment; video conferencing equipment; administrative telephones;

reproduction equipment; and similar equipment. Incidental Information Technology Equipment includes building only or building-wide communication/telephone/LAN equipment typically found in communication, data, or telephone rooms that do not serve an essential mission or purpose for mission support. This includes the room in a facility that contains the incoming telecommunications service for that specific facility.

Interior Finish. Exposed material comprising walls, ceilings, wainscoting, and other interior building surfaces. It includes interior surfacing materials (such as paneling, carpeting, and wall coverings) applied directly to the walls, floors, and ceilings.

Exposed insulating and acoustical materials are interior finishes.

Laboratory. A building or portion of a building that provides controlled conditions in which scientific research, experiments, or measurements are performed.

Note: May refer to any number of occupancies. Thus, care should be taken when classifying the occupancy of laboratories. Laboratories could refer to an electronics lab that would more closely resemble a business occupancy, a chemical lab that would meet a factory or industrial occupancy, or another occupancy.

Listed. When referring to a material or device used in conjunction with fire protection and life safety, a product that has been tested by a recognized and independent research laboratory (e.g., Underwriters Laboratories [UL] and Factory Mutual) in accordance with generally accepted and standardized test methods and verified that it will perform adequately and dependably under adverse conditions.

Maximum Allowable Quantity Per Control Area. A threshold quantity of hazardous material in a specific area.

Note: Once threshold exceeded, may require the application of additional administrative procedures, construction features, or engineering controls.

Means of Egress. A continuous and unobstructed way of travel from any point in a building or structure to a public way. A means of egress comprises the vertical and horizontal travel and includes intervening room spaces, doorways, hallways, corridors, passageways, balconies, ramps, stairs, enclosures, lobbies, escalators, horizontal exits, courts, and yards.

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Mission Critical Equipment. Equipment whose function has a direct impact on mission capabilities, including equipment integral to mission assets or used in direct control of these assets.

Note: Mission critical equipment should be so designated by the Program. To provide optimum protection for this equipment, it should be located in an information technology equipment facility or room, or treated as NCI.

Mission Support Infrastructure. Any asset that an NCI is dependent on; NASA or other agency owned or operated that the NCI uses to perform its mission (e.g. power, communications, facility, and the like.) that if destroyed or otherwise interrupted could adversely impact the continued viability of the NCI asset.

NASA Critical Infrastructure. See NPR 1600.1.

Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory. A laboratory that performs testing per nationally recognized standards and certifies products as stipulated in the Code of Federal Regulations and is recognized by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Ordnance. See definition in NASA-STD 8719.12.

Performance Criteria. Measurable quantities stated in engineering terms to be used to judge the adequacy of proposed designs.

Proposed Design. Used in performance-based design to identify a design that deviates from the prescriptive regulatory requirements of this standard.

Qualified Design Professional. An individual licensed to perform engineering or architectural design by a state authority or by one of the following: (1) Certified by a nationally recognized certification organization, or (2) Factory trained and certified for fire alarm and fire suppression system design, emergency communications system design of the specific type and brand of system.

Qualified Fire Protection Engineer. An individual meeting one of the following conditions: (1) A registered professional engineer who has passed the fire protection engineering written examination administered by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveys, or (2) A registered professional engineer in a related engineering discipline with a minimum of 5 years of verified experience, dedicated to fire protection engineering. The QFPE is intended to be a member of the design team or a third-party reviewer, and should not be the person having enforcement responsibilities for the project as part of the AHJ staff.

Sensitivity Analysis. An analysis to determine the effect of changes in individual input parameters on the results of a given model or calculation method.

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Telecommunications (Telecom) Equipment. Signal processing equipment and main distribution areas where telecom services are rendered to the Center. Telecom service for a specific building is not considered telecom equipment.

Temporary (Electrical). Electrical service in use or in place for a period of 90 consecutive calendar days.

Temporary (Operational). Indicates a time period of 180 calendar days or less where describing storage or use of equipment, materials, or processes that impose a fire, health, or safety hazard that is not otherwise normally present within the building, facility, or location of storage or use.

3. OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION AND USE

3.1 General

3.1.1 Classification of occupancy shall be determined in accordance with NFPA 101 as it relates to fire and smoke resistance rating of interior non-load bearing partitions (other than occupancy separation), means of egress, interior finish, features of fire protection (including vertical openings) and associated requirements.

3.1.2 Where there is a conflict between NFPA 101 and the IBC for occupancy construction requirements, NFPA 101 shall take precedence.

Note: There is no intent to supersede other standards or requirements that may be more stringent. For purposes of this standard, NFPA 101 is intended to be used to determine occupancy-specific construction requirements.

3.2 Hazardous Materials

3.2.1 The maximum allowable quantities (exempt amounts) of hazardous materials, for the purpose of occupancy classification, shall be in accordance with IBC.

4. SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON

OCCUPANCY AND USE

4.1 Aircraft Hangars and Maintenance Areas

4.1.1 NASA aircraft hangars and hangars that house NASA Program aircraft (including leased facilities) shall be constructed and protected in accordance with NFPA 409, Standard on Aircraft Hangars 2016 Edition and the following additional requirements:

4.1.1.1 Hangar foam system release valves, where utilized, shall be of the flow control type capable of having flow stopped with continuous depression of an interrupt switch (“dead-man” switch).

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4.1.1.2 Optical fire detection commensurate with the hazard shall be provided for complete coverage in all aircraft servicing areas.

4.1.1.3 Existing aircraft hangars shall be in accordance with Chapter 34 of this standard.

4.1.2 Changes in aircraft being housed or serviced in NASA hangars shall have an evaluation performed by a QFPE to identify required modifications prior to use by the incoming aircraft.

4.2 Essential Information Technology Equipment

4.2.1 Automatic Sprinkler Protection

4.2.1.1 Essential Information Technology Equipment shall be equipped with wet-pipe automatic sprinklers installed in accordance with this standard, NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems 2016 Edition and NFPA 75, Standard for the Fire Protection of Information Technology Equipment 2017 Edition.

4.2.1.1.1 The sprinkler system shall be valved independently from other sprinkler systems.

4.2.1.1.2 The zone valve shall be equipped with electrical supervision.

4.2.1.1.3 Where approved by the AHJ, a preaction sprinkler system with quick response heads shall be permitted to be used in lieu of a wet-pipe sprinkler system.

4.2.1.1.4 Supplemental fire suppression systems, clean agent or water mist deluge, are permitted in addition to wet-pipe automatic sprinklers.

4.2.2 Automatic Smoke Detection

4.2.2.1 Under floor smoke detection shall be provided below all raised floors.

4.2.2.2 Above ceiling smoke detection shall be provided if above ceiling area is used as a plenum.

4.2.2.3 Aspirating smoke detection of the early warning type shall be installed throughout.

4.2.2.4 Each installation shall be engineered for the specific area to be protected in accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code 2016 Edition.

4.2.3 Construction Materials

4.2.3.1 Construction of Essential Information Technology Equipment (ITE) areas shall be in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 75.

4.2.3.2 Areas housing ITE shall be separated from the remainder of the facility by a minimum 1-hr fire barrier.

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4.2.3.3 Power cables in under floor spaces shall be either type Mineral Insulated Metal Sheathed cable, Metal Clad cable, or Armored Cable cables or installed in approved conduit or metallic tubing. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and similar conduit coverings are not permitted.

4.2.3.4 Communication, data, and interconnecting cables shall be installed in approved conduit or metallic tubing not coated with PVC or similar material or listed as approved for use in air plenums.

4.2.3.5 All construction below floors and above ceilings shall be of non-combustible material, including any ramps or stairs. Use of fire-retardant treated plywood is not acceptable.

4.3 Cooling Towers

4.3.1 Cooling towers shall be constructed and operated in accordance with NFPA 214 (2016 Edition).

4.3.2 Cooling towers with fiberglass or PVC-type fill are considered combustible and shall be protected by sprinklers, unless the fill is listed or approved for use as non-combustible by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL).

4.4 Transformer Locations

4.4.1 Transformers shall be installed in accordance with Factory Mutual Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheet 5-4, Transformers.

4.5 Trailers and Modular Construction

4.5.1 All trailers and modular units shall meet the appropriate construction, mechanical system, and electrical system installation requirements of NFPA 501, Standard on Manufactured Housing 2017 Edition and Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards, 24 CFR pt.

3280.

4.5.2 Trailers, modular units, sheds, and the like, shall be located at least 7.62 m (25 ft.) from permanent buildings and at least 7.62 m (25 ft.) from each other unless joined to form a single complex.

4.5.3 Trailers, sheds, and modular units shall be constructed wholly of non-combustible materials and meet all requirements for permanent structures listed in this standard, the IBC, and NFPA 80A (2017 Edition).

4.5.4 Trailers and modular units forming a single fire area exceeding 464.5 m2 (5000 ft2) shall be equipped with an automatic wet-pipe sprinkler system in accordance with Section 9.2.3.

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4.6 Tunneled Walkways

4.6.1 Tunneled walkways shall be constructed in accordance with IBC, Chapter 34, and the following.

4.6.2 Tunneled walkways shall be constructed and protected in such a manner as to prevent smoke, heat, and flame from being conveyed through the tunnel into occupied areas of a building by one of the following methods:

a. Water spray systems at all unprotected building openings in accordance with NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection 2017 Edition.

b. A fire suppression installed throughout the tunnel in accordance with Chapter 9 of this standard.

c. A 2-hr-rated fire barrier provided at each end of the tunnel.

4.6.3 Tunnels shall not be utilized as office or storage space.

4.7 Anechoic Chambers

4.7.1 Anechoic chambers shall be protected in accordance with Factory Mutual Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheet 1-53, Anechoic Chambers.

4.7.2 Fixed extinguishing systems shall comply with at least one of the following:

a. Automatic wet-pipe sprinkler protection controlled by separate listed indicating control valves.

b. A total-flooding, automatic-acting primary suppression system with a backup automatic reserve system, both activated by a detection system integral to the suppression component of the system.

4.7.3 Control rooms shall be separated from the chamber by a minimum 1-hr fire barrier.

4.7.4 Vision panels in walls separating the control room from the chamber shall be fire-rated glazing in steel frames of no more than 0.836 m2 (9 ft2).

4.7.5 Air conditioning systems or other chamber ducting shall be independent of main facility systems.

4.7.6 Chambers shall be equipped with an air-sampling smoke detection system.

4.7.7 Egress from control rooms shall not be through the anechoic chamber.

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4.8 High Bays

4.8.1 Spaces with ceiling heights of 9.14 m to 18.28 m (30 ft to 60 ft) shall be designed in accordance with Chapter 9.

4.8.2 Spaces with ceiling heights in excess of 18.28 m (60 ft) shall be in accordance with Section 1.5.

4.9 Explosive or Propellant Operations

4.9.1 Buildings, structures, and areas that store, use, or handle explosive and/or propellant operations exceeding the maximum allowable quantities of hazardous materials listed in Chapter 3 of the IBC shall comply with Section 4.9.

4.9.2 Ordnance facilities or areas shall be classified as high hazard occupancies.

4.9.3 Facilities that contain or are exposed to explosive or propellant storage or operations, the siting distances shall be as prescribed in NASA-STD-8719.12, NASA Safety Standard for Explosives, Propellants, and Pyrotechnics.

4.9.4 Ensure facilities used for the storage of explosives comply with the provisions of Explosives and Blasting Agents, 29 CFR § 1910.109(c).

4.9.5 Sprinkler protection in dedicated earth covered storage bunkers is not required.

4.9.6 Where required by the AHJ, automatic sprinkler systems in facilities housing ordnance shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 13, “Piping Where Subject to Earthquakes,” regardless of seismic design category.

4.9.7 Water supply infrastructure such as pumps and storage tanks shall be located at not less than intraline distance (ILD) from operating buildings.

4.9.8 Portable fire extinguishers with UL rating 10A:80B:C shall be distributed for use by employees, so that the travel distance from any location where explosives are being stored or handled to any extinguisher is 30 feet or less.

4.9.9 Buildings or areas within buildings housing/handling explosive shall be classified as extra hazard occupancy per NFPA 101 for determining egress requirements, except as modified by 4.9.10.

4.9.10 Where operating bays that have substantially constructed walls on three sides and where personnel limits are limited to three persons, a single exit that does not exceed the permitted common path of travel is permitted.

4.9.11 Water spray systems shall be provided in the following hazardous areas:

a. Transfer areas containing hydrazine-based fuels.

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b. Transfer areas containing nitrogen tetroxide propellant oxidizer.

c. Locations where fuel separation of propellants occur.

d. Hazardous spacecraft systems test facilities, such as those containing cryogenic fluid, hypergolic propellant, and environmental systems, designed to provide protection from the most severe hazard anticipated during normal test operations.

e. Liquid propellant transition joints and transfer control manifolds located adjacent to launch vehicles designed for fire control.

f. Cryogenic or gaseous oxygen and hydrogen storage containers, grouped piping, and pumps where a fire hazard exists.

g. Solid propellant inspection areas where grains are exposed for visual, optical, or mechanical examination.

h. Solid propellant manufacturing areas.

i. Solid propellant handling, assembly, or transfer areas.

5. GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS

5.1.1 For General Building Heights and Areas, IBC, Chapter 5 shall apply.

6. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

6.1 Type of Construction

6.1.1 Construction type shall be in accordance with the more stringent of the IBC and NFPA 101.

6.2 Separation Between Buildings

6.2.1 Separation distances between buildings shall be in accordance with the IBC, except as modified by this standard.

7. FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

7.1 General

7.1.1 Marking and identification of all horizontal and vertical fire and smoke barriers or any other barrier required to have protected openings shall be in accordance with the IBC.

7.2 Segregation of Hazards

7.2.1 Where a room or area within a facility presents a greater hazard to the facility or its occupants than the occupancy hazard classification for the overall facility, such rooms or areas

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7.2.1.1 Where the room or area is one severity level above that of the overall facility, the area shall be separated by a minimum 1-hr fire barrier or automatic sprinkler protection.

Note: For instance, an Ordinary Hazard Occupancy (Group 2) library in an

Ordinary Hazard (Group 1) office building requires separation in accordance with

IBC 6.3.1.1.

7.2.1.2 Where the room or area is two or more severity levels above that of the overall facility, the area shall be separated by a minimum 2-hr fire barrier or 1-hr fire and automatic sprinkler protection.

Note: For instance, an Extra Hazard Occupancy (Group 1) chemical laboratory in an

Ordinary Hazard Occupancy (Group 1), office building requires separation in accordance with IBC 6.3.1.2.

7.2.1.3 Where the room or area contains ITE, NCI, MCE, or is the location of a critically important operation, the room or area shall be separated by a minimum 1-hr fire barrier and automatic sprinkler protection.

7.3 Fire-Rated Partitions and Barriers

7.3.1 Fire-rated partitions and barriers shall be in accordance with NFPA 221, Standard for High Challenge Fire Walls, Fire Walls, and Fire Barrier Walls 2018 Edition.

7.3.2 Fire barriers shall be of non-combustible material.

7.3.3 Fire partitions and barriers shall extend from the structural floor to the structural floor, rated ceiling assembly, or roof above the area involved.

7.4 Opening Protection and Fire Stopping

7.4.1 Fire stopping penetrations shall be indicated on as-built drawings with the respective listed assembly number identified for each individual penetration.

7.4.2 Fire door and window assemblies shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 80 (2019 Edition).

7.5 Fire walls

7.5.1 Construction of fire walls shall be in accordance with NFPA 221.

7.5.2 Every firewall shall be of non-combustible material.

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7.6 Application of Fire-Resistant Materials

7.6.1 All fire-resistant materials shall be installed according to the manufacturer's instructions and the listing of the product.

7.6.2 Where the specification for a fire-resistant material is given as an average thickness, the average thickness shall be used as a minimum.

7.7 Insulation

7.7.1 Insulating materials and their installation shall be in accordance with IBC Section 720 and this section. Exposed insulation in concealed spaces of sprinkled buildings shall have a flame spread of 25 or less and a smoke developed rating of 50 or less (including paper covering).

7.7.2 Where insulation meets any of the following criteria, there is no limit on the smoke developed rating, and the flame spread rating shall be less than 100.

a. Insulation installed above poured concrete or poured gypsum roof decks, nominal 50.8 mm (2 in.) thick tongue-and-groove wood plank roof decks, or precast roof deck panels or planks that are approved by an NRTL as non-combustible roof deck construction.

b. Insulation installed above roof decks where the entire roof construction assembly, including the insulation, is UL-listed as Fire Classified, or FM-approved for Class I roof deck construction or equal listing or classification by an NRTL.

c. Insulation contained entirely within panels, where the entire panel assembly used in the construction application meets the cited flame spread and smoke developed limitations.

d. Insulation isolated from the interior of the building by masonry walls, masonry cavity walls, insulation encased in masonry cores, or concrete floors.

e. Insulation installed over concrete floor slabs and completely covered by wood tongue-and-groove flooring without creating air spaces within the flooring system.

f. Insulation completely enclosed in hollow metal doors.

g. Insulation installed between new exterior siding materials and existing exterior siding or wood board, plywood, fiberboard, or gypsum exterior wall sheathing.

8. INTERIOR FINISHES

8.1 General

8.1.1 Interior finish shall be installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 101.

8.1.2 Drop-out ceiling panels, as defined in NFPA 13, shall be prohibited.

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9. FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS

9.1 General

9.1.1 All fire protection and life safety equipment/systems shall be listed by an NRTL for the intended purpose.

9.1.2 Required Acceptance Inspection and Tests of Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems.

9.1.2.1 A written statement certifying that the system has been installed and performs in accordance with design drawings and specifications shall be provided to the AHJ prior to the final acceptance test.

9.1.2.2 The final acceptance test shall be witnessed by the AHJ or designee.

9.2 Fire Suppression Criteria

9.2.1 Standpipe Systems

9.2.1.1 The design, installation, and maintenance of standpipe and hose systems shall be in accordance with NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems 2016 Edition, NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water- Based Fire Protection Systems 2017 Edition, Standpipe and Hose Systems, 29 CFR § 1910.158, and State and local government codes.

9.2.1.2 Standpipes shall be installed in facilities and areas meeting any of the following criteria:

a. Three or more stories in height or having a level that is 15.24 m (50 ft.) or more above grade.

b. Windowless or underground buildings or facilities where the dimensions are such that all areas cannot be reached by hose lengths of 91.44 m (300 ft).

c. Where the interior partition arrangement prevents access to all areas within the building using 91.44 m (300 ft) of fire hose lines.

9.2.1.3 Standpipes shall be Class 1 Wet type systems as defined in NFPA 14, where not subject to freezing conditions.

9.2.1.4 Standpipes and sprinkler systems shall be interconnected, so that each Fire Department Connection (FDC) serves all fire protection needs simultaneously.

9.2.1.5 All standpipe hose stations shall have not less than 1.2 m (48 in) of clearance maintained from all obstructions.

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9.2.2 Fire Pumps

9.2.2.1 Fire pumps shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection 2016 Edition.

9.2.2.2 Where fire pumps are required within NCI and occupancies where hazards are in excess of that allowed under 3.2 of this standard, pumps shall meet the following:

a. Fire pumps shall be provided with a redundant pump of the same size, if the water supply cannot support 50% of the sprinklers in the most hydraulically remote area with the primary fire pump out-of-service.

b. Where the fire pump provides supply to a water spray or deluge system, a redundant pump of the same size shall be provided.

9.2.3 Sprinkler Systems

9.2.3.1 All building and facility construction shall be provided with automatic sprinkler protection.

9.2.3.2 Where approved by the AHJ, automatic sprinkler protection shall be permitted to be omitted from facilities 232 m2 (2,500 ft2) or less that do not contain NCI, MSI, ITE, or hazardous materials or conditions.

9.2.3.3 Automatic sprinklers shall be provided when additions, renovations, or modernization projects of unprotected facilities meet any of the following criteria, unless otherwise required by the AHJ:

a. For Level 2 and Level 3 Alterations as prescribed by the International Existing Buildings Code.

b. Where required, due to changes of use or occupancy.

c. In facilities involving NCI, MSI, or ITE, where required by the AHJ.

9.2.3.4 The design density of Light and Ordinary (Group 1) occupancies, as defined by NFPA 13, shall be increased by one occupancy classification.

Note: For example, an Ordinary Hazard (Group 1) NASA Facility should use the NFPA

13 water supply density requirements specified for Ordinary Hazard (Group 2).

9.2.3.5 At least one FDC shall be provided for each facility with a sprinkler system or standpipe system.

9.2.3.5.1 The FDC shall serve the sprinkler system and interior standpipe system in buildings equipped with both.

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9.2.3.5.2 Facilities classified with high-hazard contents shall be provided with a remotely located FDC.

Note: Location to be determined by AHJ during design phase.

9.2.3.5.3 Each FDC shall be unobstructed and located within 30.48 m (100 ft) of hose lay from a fire hydrant.

9.2.3.6 Water flow alarms shall be provided for each floor level protected by the automatic sprinkler system.

9.2.3.7 Dry pipe and pre-action sprinkler systems shall be equipped with an automatic air or inert gas maintenance device and high/low air pressure alarms.

9.2.3.8 Control valves on connections to water supplies and on supply pipes to sprinklers shall be of the indicating type and one of the following:

a. Be electronically supervised.

b. Be secured with a chain and lock, when located in areas where the installation of tamper switches is impractical.

9.2.3.9 Control valves shall be maintained in a ready condition in accordance with NFPA 25.

9.2.3.10 Floor drains in NCI and ITE areas shall be sized…